** PHILOSOPHICAL

TRANSACTIONS

OP THE

ROYAL SOCIETY OE LONDON.

S e r ie s A

CONTAINING PAPERS OF A MATHEMATICAL OR PHYSICAL CHARACTER.

FOR THE YEAR 1897.

VOL. 189.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE, W.C., printers in (©rbinarg to fjtr Hiajtstg. 1897. ADVERTISEMENT.

The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions take this opportunity to acquaint the public that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the public that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge and benefit of mankind : the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued. But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March, 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them ; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective authors. It is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, [ iv ] upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that conies before them. And therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communications. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report, and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society. 1897

L ist of I nstitutions e n t it l e d to r e c e iv e t h e P hilosophical T ransactions or P ro ceed in g s of t h e R o y a l S o ciety.

Institutions marked a arc entitled to receive Philosophical Transactions, Series A, and Proceedings. „ „ b „ ,, „ „ Series 11, and Proceedings. ., ab ,, „ „ ,, Series A and 11, and Proceedings. ,, „ p „ „ Proceedings only.

America (Central). Austria (continued). Mexico. Briinn. p. Sociedad Cientifica “ Antonio Alzate.” ab. Naturforschender Verein. America (North). (See U nited S tates and Canada.) Gratz. America (South). ab. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fur Steier- Bnenos Ayres. mark. ab. Museo National. Innsbruck. Caracas. ab. Das Ferdinandeum. B. University Library. p. Naturwissenschaftlich - Medicinischer Coi’dova. Verein. ab. Academia National de Ciencias. Prague. Demerara. ab. Konigliche Bohmische Gesellschaft dor p. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Wi ssenschaf ten. Society, British Guiana. Trieste. La Plata. b. Museo di Storia Naturale. b. Museo de La Plata. p. Societa Adriatica di Scienze Naturali. Rio de Janeiro. p.Observatorio. Vienna. Australia. p. Anthropologische Gesellschaft. ab. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Adelaide. p. K.K. Geographische Gesellschaft. p.Royal Society of South Australia. ar.. K.K. Geologische Reichsanstalt. Brisbane. B, K.K. Naturhistorisches Hof-Museum. p. Royal Society of Queensland. b. K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft. Melbourne. p. Oesterreichisclie Gesellschaft fiir Meteoro- p. Observatory. logie. p. Royal Society of Victoria. a. Von Kuffner’sche Stern'warte. ab. University Library. Belgium. Sydney. Brussels. p. Australian Museum. B. Academie Royale de Medecine. p. Geological Survey. ab. Academie Royale des Sciences. p. Linnean Society of New South Wales. B. Musee Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de ab. Royal Society of New South Wales. Belgique. ab. University Library. p. Observatoire Royal. Austria. p. Societe Beige de Geologie, de Paleonto- A gram. logie, et d’Hydrologie. p. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Um- p. Societe Malacologique de Belgique. jetnosti. Ghent. p. Societas Historico-Naturalis Croatica. ab. University. MDCCCXC VII.— A. b [ Vi ] Belgium (continued). England and Wales (continued). Liege. Cooper’s Hill. ab. Societe des Sciences. ab. Royal Indian Engineering College. p. Societe Geologique de Belgique. Dudley. Louvain. p. Dudley and Midland Geological and b. Laboratoire de Microscopie et de Biologie Scientific Society. Cellulaire, Essex. AB. Universite. p. Essex Field Club. Canada. Falmouth. Hamilton. p. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. p. Hamilton Association. Greenwich. Montreal. a . Royal Observatory. AB. McGill University. Kew. p. Natural History Society. b. Royal Gardens. Ottawa. Leeds. ab. Geological Survey of Canada. p. Philosophical Society. ab. Royal Society of Canada. ab. Yorkshire College. Toronto. Liverpool. p. Astronomical and Physical Society. ab. Free Public Library. p. Canadian Institute. p. Literary and Philosophical Society. ab. University. a. Observatory. Cape of Good Hope. ab. University College. a. Observatory. London. ab. South African Librai’y. ab. Admiralty. Ceylon. p. Anthropological Institute. Colombo. ab. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). b. Museum. AB. Chemical Society. China. A. City and Guilds of London Institute. Shanghai. p. “ Electrician,” Editor of the. p. China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. b. Entomological Society. Denmark. ab. Geological Society. Copenhagen. ab. Geological Survey of Great Britain. ab. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. p. Geologists’ Association. Egypt. ab. Guildhall Library. Alexandria. A. Institution of Civil Engineers. ab. Bibliotheque Municipale. p. Institution of Electrical Engineers. England and Wales. a. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Aberystwith. A. Institution of Naval Architects. ab. University College. p. Iron and Steel Institute. Bangor. ab. King’s College. ab. University College of North Wales. b. Linnean Society. Birmingham. ab. London Institution. ab. Free Central Library. p. London Library. ab. Mason College. A. Mathematical Society. p. Philosophical Society. p. Meteorological Office. Bolton. p. Odontological Society. p. Public Library. p. Pharmaceutical Society. Bristol. p. Physical Society. p. Merchant Venturers’ School. p. Quekett Microscopical Club. ab. University College. p. Royal Agricultural Society. Cambridge. a. Royal Astronomical Society. ab. Philosophical Society. b. Royal College of Physicians. p. Union Society. B. Royal College of Surgeons. [ vii ]

England and Wales (continued). England and Wales (continued). London (continued). Stonyhurst. p. Royal Engineers (for Libraries abroad, six p. The College. copies). Swansea. ab. Royal Engineers. Head Quarters Library. AB. Royal Institution. p. Royal Geographical Society. Woolwich. p. Royal Horticultural Society. ab. Royal Artillery Library. ab. Royal Institution of Great Britain. Finland. B. Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Helsingfors. p. Royal Meteorological Society. p. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. p. Royal Microscopical Society. ab. Societe des Sciences. p. Royal Statistical Society. France. ab. Royal United Service Institution. Bordeaux. ab. Society of Arts. p. Academie des Sciences. p. Society of Biblical Archaeology. p. Faculte des Sciences. p. Society of Chemical Industry (London p. Societe de Medecine et de Chirurgie. Section). p. Societe des Sciences Physiques et p. Standard Weights and Measures Depart­ Naturelles. ment. Caen. ab. The Queen’s Library. p .Societe Linneenne de Normandie. ab. The War Office. Cherbourg. ab. University College. p. Societe des Sciences Naturelles. p. Victoria Institute. Dijon. B. Zoological Society. p. Academie des Sciences. Manchester. Lille. ab. Free Library. p. Faculte des Sciences. ab. Literary and Philosophical Society. Lyons. p. Geological Society. ab. Academie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts. ab. Owens College. ab. Universite. Netley. Marseilles. p. Royal Victoria Hospital. ab. Faculte des Sciences. Newcastle. Montpellier. AB. Free Library. ab. Academie des Sciences et Lettres. p. North of England Institute of Mining and B. Faculte de Medecine. Mechanical Engineers. Nantes. p. Society of Chemical Industry (Newcastle p. Societe des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest Section). de la France. Norwich. Paris. p. Norfolk and Norwich Literary Institution. ab. Academie des Sciences de l’lnstitut. Nottingham. p. Association Franfaise pour l’Avancement AB. Free Public Library. des Sciences. Oxford. p. Bureau des Longitudes. p. Aslimolean Society. A. Bureau International des Poids et Mesuros. ab. RadclifEe Library. p. Commission des Annales des Ponts et a. RadclifEe Observatory. Chaussees. Penzance. p .Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers. p. Geological Society of Cornwall. p. Cosmos (M. l’A bbb V alette). Plymouth. ab. Depot de la Marine. b. Marine Biological Association. ab. Ecole des Mines. p. Plymouth Institution. ab. Ecole Normale Superieure. Richmond. ab. ficole Polytechnique. a. “ Kew ” Observatory. ab. Faculte des Sciences de la Sorbonne. Salford. ab. Jardin des Plantes. p. Royal Museum and Library. p. L’Electricien. b 2 [ viii ]

France (continued). Germany (continued). Paris (continued). Gorlitz. A. L’Observatoire. p. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Revue Scientifique (Mons. H. de V arjgny). Gottingen. p. Societe de Biologie. ab. Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. ab. Societe d’Encouragement pour l’lndustrie Halle. Rationale. ab. Kaiserliclie Leopoldino - Carolinische ab. Societe de Geographic. Deutsche Akademie der Ratui’forscher. p. Societe de Physique. p. Naturwissenschaftliclier Verein fiir Sach­ B. Societe Entomologique. sen und Thuringen. ab. Societe Geologique. Hamburg. p. Societe Mathematique. p. 1STaturhistorisches Museum. p. Societe Meteorologique de France. ab. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. Toulouse. Heidelberg. ab. Academic des Sciences. p. Haturliistoi’isch-Medizinischer Verein. A. Faculte des Sciences. ab. Universitat. Germany. Jena. Berlin. ab. Medicinisck-Naturwissensckaftliche Gesell­ A. Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft. schaft. A. Die Sternwarte. Karlsruhe. p. Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde. A. Grossherzogliche Sternwarte. AB. Kdnigliclie Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. Technische Hochschule. A. Physikalische Gesellschatt. Kiel. Bonn. p. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir AB. Universitat. Schleswig-Holstein. Bremen. A. Sternwarte. p. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. ab. Universitat. Breslau. Konigsberg. p. Schlesische Gesellschaft fur Vaterliindische AB. Konigliche Physikalisch - Okonomische Kultur. Gesellschaft. Brunswick. Leipsic. p. Verein fur Naturwissenschaft. p. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Carlsruhe. See Karlsruhe. ab. Konigliche Saclisische Gesellschaft der Cliarlottenburg. Wiss enschaf ten; A. Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt. Magdeburg. Danzig. p. Naturwissensckaftlichcr Verein. AB. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Marburg. Dresden. ab. Universitat. p. Verein fur Erdkunde. Munich. Emden. ab. Konigliche Bayerische Akademie der p. Raturforschende Gesellschaft. Wissenschaften. Erlangen. p. Zeitschrift fur Biologie. AB. Physikaliseli-Medicinische Societat. Munster. Frankfurt-am-Main. ab. Konigliehe Tlieologische und Philo- AB. Senckenbergische Raturforschende Gesell­ sophische Akademie. schaft. Potsdam. p. Zoologische Gesellschaft. A. Astrophysikalisches Observatorium. Frankfurt-am-Oder. Rostock. p. Raturwissenschaftlicher Verein. ab. Universitat. Freiburg-im-Breisgau. Strasburg. AB. Universitat. AB. Universitat. Giessen. Tubingen. ab. Gi’ossherzogliche Universitat. ab. Universitat [ ] Germany (continued). Italy. W iirzburg. Acireale. ab. Physikalisck-Medicinische Gesellschaft. p. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Greece. Bologna. Athens. ab. Accademia delle Scienze dell’ Istituto. a. National Observatory. Catania. Holland. (See N etherlands.) AB. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali. Hungary. Florence. Buda-pest. p.Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale. p. Konigl. Ungarische Geologisclie Anstalt. AB. Museo Botanico. ab. A Magyar Tudos Tarsasag. Die Ungarische p. Reale Istituto di Studi Superiori. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Genoa. Hermannstadt. p. Societa Ligustica di Scienze Naturali e p. Siebenbiii’gischer Verein fiir die Natur- Geograficlie. wissenschaften. Milan. Klausenburg. ab. Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze, AB. Az Erdelyi Muzeum. Das Siebenbiirgische Lettere ed Arti. Museum. ab. Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. Schemnitz. Modena. p. K. Ungarische Berg- und Forst-Akademie. p. Le Stazioni Sperimentali Agrarie Italiane. India. Naples. Bombay. p. Societa di Natui*alisti. ab. Elpliinstone College. ab. Societa Reale, Accademia delle Scienze. p. Royal Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch). b. Stazione Zoologica (Dr. Dohrn). Calcutta. Padua. ab. Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. University. ab. Geological Museum. Palermo. p. Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. A. Circolo Matematico. ab. Indian Museum. AB. Consiglio di Perfezionamento (Societa di p. The Meteorological Reporter to the Scienze Naturali ed Economiche). Government of India. a. Reale Osservatorio. Madras. Pisa. B. Central Museum. p. 11 Nuovo Ciniento. a. Observatory. p. Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali. Roorkee. Rome. p. Roorkee College. p. Accademia Pontiticia de’ Nuovi Lincei. Ireland. p. Rassegna delle Scienze Geologiche in Italia. Armagh. A. Reale Ufficio Centrale di Meteorologia e di A. Observatory. Geodinamica, Collegio Romano. Belfast. ab. Reale Accademia dei Lincei. ab. Queen’s College. p. R. Comitato Geologico d’ Italia. Cork. A. Specola Yaticana. p. Philosophical Society. ab. Societa Italiana delle Scienze. ab. Queen’s College. Siena. Dublin. p. Reale Accademia dei Fisiocritici. A. Observatory. Turin. ab. National Library of Ireland. p. Laboratorio di Fisiologia. B. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. ab. Reale Accademia delle Scienze. ab. Royal Dublin Society. Venice. ab. Royal Irish Academy. p. Ateneo Veneto. Galway. ab. Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ab. Queen’s College. ed A rti. X

Japan. Portugal. Tokio. Coimbra. AB. Imperial University. ab. Universidade. p. Asiatic Society of Japan. Lisbon. Java. ab. Academia Real das Sciencias. Buitenzorg. p. Sec^ao dos Trabalhos Geologicos de Portugal p. Jardin Botanique. Oporto. Luxembourg. p. Annaes de Sciencias Naturaes. Luxembourg. Russia. p. Societe des Sciences Naturellcs. Dorpat. Malta. a b. Universite. p. Public Library. Irkutsk. Mauritius. p. Societe Imperiale Russe de Geographic p. Royal Society of Arts and Sciences. (Section de la Siberie Orientale). Kazan. Netherlands. a b . Imperatorsky Kazansky Universitet. Amsterdam. Kharkoff. ab. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenscbappen. p. Section Medicale de la Societe des Sciences p. K. Zoologiscb Genootschap ‘Natura Artis Experimentales, Universite de Kharkow. Magistral Kieff. Delft. p. Societe des Naturalistes. p. Ecole Poly technique. Moscow. Haarlem. a b . Le Musee Public. ab. Hollandsche Maatschappij der Weten- b . Societe Imperiale d es Naturalistes. scliappen. Odessa. p. Musee Teyler. p. Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle- Leyden. Russie. ab. University. Pulkowa. Rotterdam. a . Nikolai Haupt-Sternwarte. ab. Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefonder- St. Petersburg. vindelijke Wijsbegeerte. a b. Academie Imperiale des Sciences. Utrecht. b . Archives des Sciences Biologiques. ab. Provinciaal Genootschap van Kunsten en AB. Comite Geologique. W etenschappen. p. Compass Observatory. New Brunswick. a . Observatoire Physique Central. St. John. Scotland. p. Natural History Society. Aberdeen. New Zealand. ab. University. Wellington. Edinburgh. ab. New Zealand Institute. p. Geological Society. Norway. p. Royal College of Physicians (Research Bergen. Laboratory). ab. Bergenske Museum. p. Royal Medical Society. Christiania. a. Royal Observatory. ab. Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitet. p. Royal Physical Society. Tromsoe. p. Royal Scottish Society of Arts. p. Museum. ab. Royal Society. Trondhjem. Glasgow. ab. Kongelige Norske Yidenskabers Selskab. a b . Mitchell Free Library. Nova Scotia. p . Natural History Society. Halifax. p. Philosophical Society. p. Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Servia. Windsor. Belgrade. p. King’s College Library. p. Academie Royale de Serbie. [ » ]

Sicily. (See I taly.) United States (continued). Spain. Boston. Cadiz. ab. American Academy of Sciences. b. Boston Society of Natural History. a. Instituto y Observatorio de Marina de San Fernando. A. Technological Institute. Brooklyn. Madrid. ab. Brooklyn Library. p. Comision del Mapa Geologico de Espana. Cambridge. ab. Real Academia de Ciencias. ab. Harvard University. Sweden. b. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Gottenburg. Chapel Hill (N.C.). ab. Kong]. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samlialle. p. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Lund. Charleston. ab. Universitet. p. Elliott Society of Science and Art of South Stockholm. Carolina. a. Acta Mathematica. Chicago. ab. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademic. ab. Academy of Sciences. ab. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning. p. Field Columbian Museum. Upsala. p. Journal of Comparative Neurology. ab. Universitet. Davenport (Iowa). Switzerland. p. Academy of Natural Sciences. Basel. Ithaca (N.Y.). p. 1STaturforschende Gesellschaft. p. Physical Review (Cornell University). Bern. Madison. ab. Allg. Schweizerische Gesellschaft. p. Wisconsin Academy of Sciences. p. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Mount Hamilton (California). Geneva. A. Lick Observatory. ab. Societe de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle. New Haven (Conn.). ab. Institut National Genevois. ab. American Journal of Science. Lausanne. ab. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. Societe Yaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. New York. Neuchatel. p. American Geographical Society. p. Societe des Sciences Naturelles. p. American Museum of Natural History. Zurich. p. New York Academy of Sciences. ab. Das Schweizerische Polytechnikum. p. New York Medical Journal. p. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. p. School of Mines, Columbia College. p. Sternwarte. Philadelphia. Tasmania. ab. Academy of Natural Sciences. Hobart. ab. American Philosophical Society. p. Royal Society of Tasmania. p. Franklin Institute. United States. p. Wagner Free Institute of Science. Albany. Rochester (N.Y.). ab. New York State Library. p. Academy of Science. Annapolis. St. Louis. ab. Naval Academy. p. Academy of Science. Austin. Salem (Mass.). p. Texas Academy of Sciences. p. American Association for the Advance­ Baltimore. ment of Science. ab. Johns Hopkins University. ab. Essex Institute. Berkeley. San Francisco. p. University of California. ab. California Academy of Sciences. [ Xll ] United States (continued). United States (continued). Washington. Washington (continued). ab. Patent Office. AB. United States Naval Observatory. ab. Smithsonian Institution. p. United States Department of Agriculture. ab. United States Coast Survey. a. United States Department of Agriculture b. United States Commission of Fish and (Weather Bureau). Fisheries. West Point (N.Y.) ab. United States Geological Survey. ab. United States Military Academy. [ x iii ]

CONTENTS.

(A)

VOL. 189.

I. A Magnetic Detector of Electrical Waves and some its Applications. By E. R u t h e r f o r d , M.A., 1851 Exhibition Science , New Zealand sity , Trinity , College Cambridge. Communicated by Professor J. J. T hom son, F.R.S...... page 1

II. Complete Freezing-Point Curves of Binary Alloys containing Silver Copper together with another Metal. By C. T. H ey c o c k , F.R.S., and F. H. N e v il l e . {From the Laboratory of Sidney Sussex , Cambridge) . . 25

III. On the Relations betiveen the Viscosity ( Friction) of Liquids and their Chemical Nature.— Part II. B y T. E. T h o r p e , LL.D., and J. W. R odger, A ssoc. R.C.S. With an Appendix on the Preparation of Ethers. B y R. E. B a r n e t t , B.S c,, Assoc. R .C .S ...... 71

IV. On the Capacity and Residual Charge of Dielectrics as A by Temperature and Time. By J. H o p k in s o n , F.R.Sand E. W i l s o n ...... 109

V. Impact with a Liquid , Surface Studied by the Aid of Instantaneous Photography. By A. M. W o r th in g to n , M.A., F.R Professor, of , Royal Naval Engineering , College Devonport , and R. S. C o le, M.A...... 137 MDCCCXOVII.-- A. c [ Xlv ] Yl. Experiments on the Absence o f Mechanical Connexion between Ether and B y Oliver Lodge, F.R.S., Professor of Physics in University College, L iv e r p o o l ...... page 149

VII. An Attempt to Determine the Adiabatic Relations of Ethyl Oxide. By E. P. P erman, D.Sc., W. R amsay, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S., and J. Rose-Innes, M.A. , B.Sc...... 167

VIII. On the Relation between Magnetic Stress and Magnetic Deformation Nickel. B y E. Taylor J ones, D.Sc. Communicated by Professor A ndrew Gray, F.R.S...... 189

IX. On the Application of Harmonic Analysis to the Dynamical Theory of the Tides. — Part I. On L aplace’s “ Oscillations of the First ,” and on the Dynamics of Ocean Currents. By S. S. H o u g h , Fellow of St. Johns College, and Isaac Newton Student in the University of Cambridge. Com­ municated by Professor G. H. Darwin, F.R.S. . 201

X. Prelim inary Report on the Results obtained in Novaya Zemlya with the Prismatic Camera during the Eclipse of the Sun, August 9th, 1896. B y J. N orman Lockyer, C.B., F.R.S...... 259

XI. Condensation of Water Vapour in tPresence of Dust-free Air and other Gases. By C. T. R. W ilson, B.S c. (Viet.), M.A. (Cantab.), of Sidney Sussex College, Clerk-Maxwell Student in the University of Cambridge. Communi­ cated by Professor J. J. Thomson, j F...... 265

Index to Volume . . 309 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plates 1 to 8.—Professor A. M. W o r t h in g t o n and Mr. R. S. C ole on Impact with a Liquid Surface, Studied by the Aid of Instantaneous Photography.

Plate 9.—Mr. J. N orm an L o ck y er on the Results obtained in Novaya Zemlya with the Prismatic Camera during the Eclipse of the Sun, August 9th, 1896.