Computer Virus & Antivirus Systems Index
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A the Hacker
A The Hacker Madame Curie once said “En science, nous devons nous int´eresser aux choses, non aux personnes [In science, we should be interested in things, not in people].” Things, however, have since changed, and today we have to be interested not just in the facts of computer security and crime, but in the people who perpetrate these acts. Hence this discussion of hackers. Over the centuries, the term “hacker” has referred to various activities. We are familiar with usages such as “a carpenter hacking wood with an ax” and “a butcher hacking meat with a cleaver,” but it seems that the modern, computer-related form of this term originated in the many pranks and practi- cal jokes perpetrated by students at MIT in the 1960s. As an example of the many meanings assigned to this term, see [Schneier 04] which, among much other information, explains why Galileo was a hacker but Aristotle wasn’t. A hack is a person lacking talent or ability, as in a “hack writer.” Hack as a verb is used in contexts such as “hack the media,” “hack your brain,” and “hack your reputation.” Recently, it has also come to mean either a kludge, or the opposite of a kludge, as in a clever or elegant solution to a difficult problem. A hack also means a simple but often inelegant solution or technique. The following tentative definitions are quoted from the jargon file ([jargon 04], edited by Eric S. Raymond): 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. -
Botection: Bot Detection by Building Markov Chain Models of Bots Network Behavior Bushra A
BOTection: Bot Detection by Building Markov Chain Models of Bots Network Behavior Bushra A. Alahmadi Enrico Mariconti Riccardo Spolaor University of Oxford, UK University College London, UK University of Oxford, UK [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Gianluca Stringhini Ivan Martinovic Boston University, USA University of Oxford, UK [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT through DDoS (e.g. DDoS on Estonia [22]), email spam (e.g. Geodo), Botnets continue to be a threat to organizations, thus various ma- ClickFraud (e.g. ClickBot), and spreading malware (e.g. Zeus). 10,263 chine learning-based botnet detectors have been proposed. How- malware botnet controllers (C&C) were blocked by Spamhaus Mal- ever, the capability of such systems in detecting new or unseen ware Labs in 2018 alone, an 8% increase from the number of botnet 1 botnets is crucial to ensure its robustness against the rapid evo- C&Cs seen in 2017. Cybercriminals are actively monetizing bot- lution of botnets. Moreover, it prolongs the effectiveness of the nets to launch attacks, which are evolving significantly and require system in detecting bots, avoiding frequent and time-consuming more effective detection mechanisms capable of detecting those classifier re-training. We present BOTection, a privacy-preserving which are new or unseen. bot detection system that models the bot network flow behavior Botnets rely heavily on network communications to infect new as a Markov Chain. The Markov Chains state transitions capture victims (propagation), to communicate with the C&C server, or the bots’ network behavior using high-level flow features as states, to perform their operational task (e.g. -
Internet Security Threat Report Volume 24 | February 2019
ISTRInternet Security Threat Report Volume 24 | February 2019 THE DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. SYMANTEC CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIRD PARTY SOURCES IS BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE, BUT IS IN NO WAY GUARANTEED. SECURITY PRODUCTS, TECHNICAL SERVICES, AND ANY OTHER TECHNICAL DATA REFERENCED IN THIS DOCUMENT (“CONTROLLED ITEMS”) ARE SUBJECT TO U.S. EXPORT CONTROL AND SANCTIONS LAWS, REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS, AND MAY BE SUBJECT TO EXPORT OR IMPORT REGULATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. YOU AGREE TO COMPLY STRICTLY WITH THESE LAWS, REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS, AND ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO OBTAIN ANY LICENSES, PERMITS OR OTHER APPROVALS THAT MAY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER FOR YOU TO EXPORT, RE-EXPORT, TRANSFER IN COUNTRY OR IMPORT SUCH CONTROLLED ITEMS. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 BIG NUMBERS YEAR-IN-REVIEW FACTS AND FIGURES METHODOLOGY Formjacking Messaging Cryptojacking Malware Ransomware Mobile Living off the land Web attacks and supply chain attacks Targeted attacks Targeted attacks IoT Cloud Underground economy IoT Election interference MALICIOUS -
2015 Threat Report Provides a Comprehensive Overview of the Cyber Threat Landscape Facing Both Companies and Individuals
THREAT REPORT 2015 AT A GLANCE 2015 HIGHLIGHTS A few of the major events in 2015 concerning security issues. 08 07/15: Hacking Team 07/15: Bugs prompt 02/15: Europol joint breached, data Ford, Range Rover, 08/15: Google patches op takes down Ramnit released online Prius, Chrysler recalls Android Stagefright botnet flaw 09/15: XcodeGhost 07/15: Android 07/15: FBI Darkode tainted apps prompts Stagefright flaw 08/15: Amazon, ENFORCEMENT bazaar shutdown ATTACKS AppStore cleanup VULNERABILITY reported SECURITYPRODUCT Chrome drop Flash ads TOP MALWARE BREACHING THE MEET THE DUKES FAMILIES WALLED GARDEN The Dukes are a well- 12 18 resourced, highly 20 Njw0rm was the most In late 2015, the Apple App prominent new malware family in 2015. Store saw a string of incidents where dedicated and organized developers had used compromised tools cyberespionage group believed to be to unwittingly create apps with malicious working for the Russian Federation since behavior. The apps were able to bypass at least 2008 to collect intelligence in Njw0rm Apple’s review procedures to gain entry support of foreign and security policy decision-making. Angler into the store, and from there into an ordinary user’s iOS device. Gamarue THE CHAIN OF THE CHAIN OF Dorkbot COMPROMISE COMPROMISE: 23 The Stages 28 The Chain of Compromise Nuclear is a user-centric model that illustrates Kilim how cyber attacks combine different Ippedo techniques and resources to compromise Dridex devices and networks. It is defined by 4 main phases: Inception, Intrusion, WormLink Infection, and Invasion. INCEPTION Redirectors wreak havoc on US, Europe (p.28) INTRUSION AnglerEK dominates Flash (p.29) INFECTION The rise of rypto-ransomware (p.31) THREATS BY REGION Europe was particularly affected by the Angler exploit kit. -
1.Computer Virus Reported (1) Summary for This Quarter
Attachment 1 1.Computer Virus Reported (1) Summary for this Quarter The number of the cases reported for viruses*1 in the first quarter of 2013 decreased from that of the fourth quarter of 2012 (See Figure 1-1). As for the number of the viruses detected*2 in the first quarter of 2013, W32/Mydoom accounted for three-fourths of the total (See Figure 1-2). Compared to the fourth quarter of 2012, however, both W32/Mydoom and W32/Netsky showed a decreasing trend. When we looked into the cases reported for W32/Netsky, we found that in most of those cases, the virus code had been corrupted, for which the virus was unable to carry out its infection activity. So, it is unlikely that the number of cases involving this virus will increase significantly in the future As for W32/IRCbot, it has greatly decreased from the level of the fourth quarter of 2012. W32/IRCbot carries out infection activities by exploiting vulnerabilities within Windows or programs, and is often used as a foothold for carrying out "Targeted Attack". It is likely that that there has been a shift to attacks not using this virus. XM/Mailcab is a mass-mailing type virus that exploits mailer's address book and distributes copies of itself. By carelessly opening this type of email attachment, the user's computer is infected and if the number of such users increases, so will the number of the cases reported. As for the number of the malicious programs detected in the first quarter of 2013, Bancos, which steals IDs/Passwords for Internet banking, Backdoor, which sets up a back door on the target PC, and Webkit, which guides Internet users to a maliciously-crafted Website to infect with another virus, were detected in large numbers. -
Computer Virus 16 Views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus
16 views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus Uploaded by Abu Naser Mohammad Saif Full description Save Embed Share Print Steve Jobs Cryptonomicon The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Computer Virus 16 views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus Uploaded by Abu Naser Mohammad Saif Full description Save Embed Share Print Steve Jobs Cryptonomicon The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Presentation Outline 1. Introduction: 2. VIRUS Definition and Naming: 3. Types of computer virus: 4. Example of Virus 5. To phases of virus 6. Symptom of computer attacked by virus 7. Special focus on: Trojan, & phishing site 8. Combating Viruses 9. Anti viruses & Firewall 16 views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus Uploaded by Abu Naser Mohammad Saif Full description Save Embed Share Print Steve Jobs Cryptonomicon The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Presentation Outline Symptom of computer attacked by virus Special focus on: Trojan, & phishing site Combating VirusesAnti viruses & Firewall 16 views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus Uploaded by Abu Naser Mohammad Saif Full description Save Embed Share Print Steve Jobs Cryptonomicon The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Presentation Outline 1. Introduction: 2. VIRUS Definition and Naming: 3. History of Computer Virus: 4. Types of computer virus: 5. Example of Virus 6. To phases of virus: 16 views 0 0 RELATED TITLES Virus Uploaded by Abu Naser Mohammad Saif Full description Save Embed Share Print Steve Jobs Cryptonomicon The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Introduction: Computer VIRUS Almost every uses has faced virus attack And loses some sort of computer resources Computer VIRUS is not a biological element rather computer program (s). -
Hostscan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts
HostScan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts 10/1/19 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco public. Page 1 of 76 Contents HostScan Version 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts ............................................................................... 3 Antimalware and Firewall Attributes Supported by HostScan .................................................................................................. 3 OPSWAT Version Information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows .................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows ........................................................ 44 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macos .................................................... 65 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macOS ........................................................... 71 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux ...................................................... 73 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux .............................................................. 76 ©201 9 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. -
DEFINICIÓN Un Antivirus
ANTIVIRUS DEFINICIÓN Un antivirus es un programa de computadora cuyo propósito es combatir y erradicar los virus informáticos. Para que el antivirus sea productivo y efectivo hay que configurarlo cuidadosamente de tal forma que aprovechemos todas las cualidades que ellos poseen. Hay que saber cuales son sus fortalezas y debilidades y tenerlas en cuenta a la hora de enfrentar a los virus. Un antivirus es una solución para minimizar los riesgos y nunca será una solución definitiva, lo principal es mantenerlo actualizado. Para mantener el sistema estable y seguro el antivirus debe estar siempre actualizado, tomando siempre medidas preventivas y correctivas y estar constantemente leyendo sobre los virus y nuevas tecnologías. ¿CÓMO FUNCIONA? Básicamente, un antivirus compara el código de cada archivo con una base de datos de los códigos (también conocidos como firmas o vacunas) de los virus conocidos, por lo que es importante actualizarla periódicamente a fin de evitar que un virus nuevo no sea detectado. También se les ha agregado funciones avanzadas, como la búsqueda de comportamientos típicos de virus (técnica conocida como Heurística) o la verificación contra virus en redes de computadores. Normalmente un antivirus tiene un componente que se carga en memoria y permanece en ella para verificar todos los archivos abiertos, creados, modificados y ejecutados en tiempo real. Es muy común que tengan componentes que revisen los adjuntos de los correos electrónicos salientes y entrantes, así como los scripts y programas que pueden ejecutarse en un navegador web (ActiveX, Java, JavaScript). ALGUNOS ANTIVIRUS 1 CLAM ANTIVIRUS Comodo AntiVirus FProt Antivirus FSecure AntiVirus ZoneAlarm Antivirus ANTIVIRUS HEURISTICOS Los heurísticos analizan el código de cada archivo con métodos genéricos y detectan virus nuevos que todavía no se han incluido en la base de datos de virus del programa antivirus. -
Nama:Dennis Kelas;X-1 No:7
Nama:dennis Kelas;X-1 No:7 Virus komputer merupakan program komputer yang dapat menggandakan atau menyalin dirinya sendiri dan menyebar dengan cara menyisipkan salinan dirinya ke dalam program atau dokumen lain. Virus komputer dapat dianalogikan dengan virus biologis yang menyebar dengan cara menyisipkan dirinya sendiri ke sel makhluk hidup. Virus komputer dapat merusak (misalnya dengan merusak data pada dokumen), membuat pengguna komputer merasa terganggu, maupun tidak menimbulkan efek sama sekali. Virus komputer umumnya dapat merusak perangkat lunak komputer dan tidak dapat secara langsung merusak perangkat keras komputer dengan cara memuat program yang memaksa over process ke perangkat tertentu misalnya VGA, Memory bahkan Procesor (terutama pada sistem operasi , seperti sistem operasi berbasis keluarga Windows (Windows 95, Windows 98/98SE, Windows NT, Windows NT Server, Windows 2000, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2003, Windows 2003 Server, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows XP Service Pack 1, Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Vista Service Pack 1 ) bahkan GNU/Linux. Efek negatif virus komputer terutama adalah memperbanyak dirinya sendiri, yang membuat sumber daya pada komputer (seperti CPU Real Time, penggunaan memori) menjadi berkurang secara signifikan. Hampir 95% Virus adalah virus komputer berbasis sistem operasi Windows. Sisanya, 2% menyerang Linux/GNU dengan versi kernel dibawah 1.4 (dan Unix, sebagai source dari Linux, tentunya), 1% menyerang Mac terutama Mac OS 9, Mac OS X (Tiger, Leopard). 2% lagi menyerang sistim operasi lain seperti FreeBSD, OS/2 IBM, dan Sun Operating System. Cara Mengatasi Virus Komputer Serangan virus dapat dicegah atau ditanggulangi dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak antivirus. Jenis perangkat lunak ini dapat juga mendeteksi dan menghapus virus komputer, asalkan basis data virus komputer yang dimiliki oleh perangkat lunak antivirus telah mengandung kode untuk menghapus virus tersebut. -
Antivirus Software Before It Can Detect Them
Computer virus A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, adware, and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.[1][2] The term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware, and other malicious and unwanted software), including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but has a hidden agenda. Worms and Trojans, like viruses, may cause harm to either a computer system's hosted data, functional performance, or networking throughput, when they are executed. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious. -
Identifying Rootkit Infections Using Data Mining
Identifying Rootkit Infections Using Data Mining Author Wu, Xin-Wen, Lobo, Desmond, Watters, Paul Published 2010 Conference Title Proceedings of The 2010 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA) DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISA.2010.5480359 Copyright Statement © 2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/ republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/37518 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Identifying Rootkit Infections Using Data Mining Desmond Lobo, Paul Watters and Xin-Wen Wu Internet Commerce Security Laboratory Graduate School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences University of Ballarat, Australia [email protected], {p.watters, x.wu}@ballarat.edu.au Abstract - Rootkits refer to software that is used to hide the Rootkits use various types of hooking techniques in order presence and activity of malware and permit an attacker to take to remain hidden and there are several tools available, such as control of a computer system. In our previous work, we focused McAfee’s Rootkit Detective, that can be used to detect the strictly on identifying rootkits that use inline function hooking hooks that have been created by a rootkit on a computer techniques to remain hidden. In this paper, we extend our system. Each time that such a tool is run, a log file is generated previous work by including rootkits that use other types of that contains a list of the detected hooks. -
Clam Antivirus: Open-Source Virus Protection
Clam Antivirus: Open-Source Virus protection Michaël Van Canneyt March 16, 2014 Abstract Protecting your precious PC against email and other viruses doesn’t have to cost a lot of money: Clam Antivrus is an open source virus scanner which can be installed on Unix machines (suitable for integration in mail server’s MTAs) but which also has a Windows version for those that are not fortunate enough have a Unix at hand. Introducing Clam Antivirus Clam Antivirus is an open-source implementation of a virus scanner which does 1 thing only: it scans a file for known viruses. The virus scanner consists of 2 parts: One is the actual scanner, clamscan: It scans a file to see whether it is infected with a known virus. It reports on the found viruses. The known viruses are kept in a database file. The second part (freshclam) serves to keep this database up-to-date: new viruses are born every day, and existing viruses mutate to more dangerous forms regularly, it is therefore of the utmost importance to keep the database with virus definitions up-to-date. The freshclam program should be run on a regular basis, for instance in a cron job on Unix. The Unix version features also a client/server model: The scanner runs as a daemon. The clamscan program then sends the file to be scanned to the daemon, for inpection. This reduces startup time and system load, which is quite important on servers than run a heavy- load MTA service. On Windows, a small GUI frontend exists which allows to perform and schedule scans, and to perform and schedule the virus database update.