A Classification of the Cognomina Appearing in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum Vol
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University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Theses and Dissertations 1921 A classification of the cognomina appearing in the Corpus inscriptionum latinarum vol. IX Lillian B. Lawler State University of Iowa This work has been identified with a Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Material in the public domain. No restrictions on use. This thesis is available at Iowa Research Online: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4231 Recommended Citation Lawler, Lillian B.. "A classification of the cognomina appearing in the Corpus inscriptionum latinarum vol. IX." MA (Master of Arts) thesis, State University of Iowa, 1921. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.mx98mnq5 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd A CLASSIFICATION OF THE COGNOMINA APPEARING IN THE CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM LATINARUM VOL.IX toy ,e, Lillian B„ Lawler, A.B. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the State University of Iowa in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the Dftgree of Master of Arts. IOWA CITY, IOWA JUNE, 1921. TABLE OP CONTENTS. Part I, Introduction... ................................ .Page 1 1. Aim. 1. 2. Method of Procedure. 3. 3. Outstanding Work Previously Done. in the Field. 6 4. Work Yet to be Done in the Same Field. 14 5. Key to Signs and Abbreviations. 15 Part II. Classifications. With Conclusions...... 18. Based on Etymology. 1. Names of Uncertain Origin. 18 2 . F oreign Names. 24 I. Entirely Foreign. A. From Parts of Europe Outside Ita ly . (1) Greek. 24 (2) G allic, (3) Venetian-I llyrian, (4) Spanish. (5) Messapian. (6)Germanic. (7) B ritish. (8) Macedonian. (9) Dacian. (10)Dalmatian. (11)Thracian. 30 B. From Outside Europe. (1) From Asia Exclusive of Asia Minor. a. Miscellaneous. b.Hebrew. c.Syrian. d.Chaldaic. 31 (2) From Asia Minor. 31 (3) From Africa. a. Miscellaneous. b. Egyptian. c.Punic. 31 II. Hybrids. A. Greek Root, Latin Suffix. 31 B. Gallic Root, Latin Suffix. 32 C. G a llic R oot, E truscan S u ff ix . 32 D. Illyrican-Venetian Root,Latin Suffix. 32 3. N o n -L a tin I t a l i c Names, I . Oscan-Umbrian. II.Sabine. III.Paelignian.37 4 , Names Derived from the Names of Places. I. Specific. A. From Mountains and H ills . B.From Coun tries and Regions. C.From Bodies of Water. D.From Towns and D istricts. E. From Nations and Tribes. 39 I I . G eneral. 39 5. Names Denoting Personal Characteristics. I. Physical Peculiarities. A. Parts of the Body. 43 B. General Appearance. 43 C.Characteristic Activities. 44 D. Age. 44 E. Physical Condition. 44 II. Traits of Mind or Disposition. 44 6. Names Denoting Condition. I. Condition at Birth. II,Station in Life. III. Condition as a Result of Experience. IV.Condition with Reference to Others in the Commun ity . 53 7. Names Denoting Circumstances of B irth. I. Order in Family, II.Season of Birth. III. Actual Circumstances of B irth..... ............Page 60 8 . Names Denoting Fam ily Relationships. 64 9. Names Denoting Occupation. 65 10. M ilit a r y Names. I . D enoting Things Used in W arfare. 68 II. Denoting Position in the Army. 68 I I I . D enoting Outcome o f the War. 68 11. Names Denoting Objects. I . Animate. A. Animals. (l) Domestic Animals. (2)Wild Animals,(3)Insects. (4) Birds. (5)Sea-Animals, 70 B. P la n ts . (1) General. 70 (2) Specific. a. Denoting Trees and Shrubs. 70 b. Denoting Edible Plants. 70 c. Denoting Harmful Plants. 71 d. Denoting Parts of Plants. 71 e. Denoting Flowers. 71 I I . Inanimate. A. Minerals. 71 B. B u ild in g and C o n s tru c tio n . (1) Things B uilt. (2) Materials Used. 71 C. Im plem ents. (1) Household Utensils.(2)Farming Tools. (3 )Miscellaneous Implements. 71 D. Clothing and Personal Adornment. 71 E. Foods. 71 F. Miscellaneous Objects. 71 12. Names Denoting Natural Phenomena. 76 13. Names Derived from the Names of Deities. 77 14. Names Denoting Abstract Ideas. 80 15. Names Denoting Religious Matters. 82 Not Based on Etymology. 16. Names Classed A ccording to S ta tio n in L ife of the Bearers. I. Names of Slaves. II.Names of Freedmen. 85 III. Names of Persons of Senatorial Rank. 87 17. Names Classed According to the Religion of the Bearers. I. Names of Christians. II.Names of Jews. 94 18. Names That Are Diminutives, I. With Suffix -lus. II.W ith Suffix -ulus. Ill With Suffix -plus. IV.With Suffix -uIIub. V.With Suffix -ellus. VI.With Suffix -illus. 97 19. Names Used in Unusual Ways. I . P raenomina Used as Cognomina, 101 II. Cognomina Used as Praenomina. 101 I I I . Nomina Used as Cognomina. 101 20. Niclc-Names, 103 21. Latin Names Not Included in Any of the Preceding Classifications, 105 22. Favorite Roots... ........... ................................P a g e 106 P art I I I. Summary of Conclusions. 115 Part IV. Bibliography. 120 PART I . INTRODUCTION. 1 A CLASSIFICATION OF THE COGNOMINA APPEARING IN CIL VOL. IX . PART I . - INTRODUCTION. 1. Aim. The aim of the following study has "been to attain by an examination and classification of the cognomina appearing in the inscriptions of Vbl, IX of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, to a fu lle r understanding of the customs of name-giving prevailing among the inhab- itants of Ita ly during the period of the Roman Empire, A, Cbgnomina were chosen fo r examination because (1) they were the latest of the Hbman names in origin; (2) they were in origin given names; and (3) they alone in later times could be given names in any true sense of the word, inasmuch as the nomina were heredi tary, and inasmuch as the number of praenomina was s till so small as to preclude the exercise of any in dividuality in their application. Tb be sure, cogno mina, in very many cases, had become hereditary also; yet even then the connection of the cognomina with corresponding Latin words remained obvious-- just as Whiter in our minds is s till connected with white. even though as a surname it is now hereditary. Besides, in such cases, frequently a distinguishing, individual cognomen (o r agnomen) was g ive n in a d d itio n ; and never, within the period of Roman history, did cog- 2 nomina. lo se t h e ir a b i l i t y to he a p p lie d anew as g ive n names. Inscriptions were chosen as source-material be cause of the fact that, in the very nature of things, they would be more like ly to furnish a true picture of the names of real persons in a ll stations of life than would pieces of literature. They present, on the other hand, two difficulties:4l)N ot a ll of the names in the inscriptions are necessarily those of residents of the districts in which the inscriptions were found. However, it may, perhaps, safely be assumed that the great majority are— just as the great majority of the inscriptions in a modern city are likely to con tain the names of residents of the city rather than of outsiders. (2) Many of them cannot be dated; and, taken collectively, they cover a period extending from the early Empire to the Middle Ages. An attempt has been made to meet this d iffic u lty by an examina tion of the names themselves, to determine such names as are certainly of a comparatively early date. Yet if this attempt seem inadequate, it must be remembered that names and name-giving customs tend to be conser vative among a ll peoples, and that very old names com monly exist side by side with very new ones, each just as much a part of the existing system of name-giving as the other. Hence, at the latest date represented in Vol. IXK, it is possible that a ll of the names listed in the inscriptions were in use.- ViQume IXXof the OIL was chosen for three reasons: 3 It contains an index of cognomina,making material easily available. (2) It contains a sufficiently large number of cognomina-- 2363 different ones in a ll. (3.) The districts which it represents, Calahria, Apulia, Samnium, the Sabine Territory, and Picenum, form together one continuous strip in Ita ly proper, reasonably near Rome, and pra ctically homogeneous in customs during the period of the Umpire. Moreover, the Ita lic family of languages is native in a ll of them - - and i t is w ith the I t a l i c cognomina in p a r ticular that this paper plans to deal. 2. Method of Procedure. The method of procedure has been:- (l);Tlle etymology of each of the 2363 cognomina listed has been determined where possible, by consult ing authorities and by reading the inscriptions them selves in doubtful cases. Where authorities fa il to mention names, or fa il to give definite etymologies for any of the names, sparing use has been made of analogy, 'if forms of known origin occur sufficiently like the forms in question to warrant their connection, (E .g ., T ricunda may reasonably be assumed to be a f o r mation analogous to Secunda; also, since in CIL X, in dex, we find Cdstans as a variant of Constans. we may likewise call Cogessus a variant of Concessus, and Cosidia of Considia; more obviously, -anus. - inus, -a lis . -aris forms, and others with common suffixes, have been referred to the simple forms of their roots, 4 even though the suffix forms appear in none of the au t h o r it ie s , ) Where r e lia b le a u th o r itie s d i f f e r , such of the suggested etymologies as seemed most reasonable have been used, the name in question being classified according to each in turn, and the less probable uses being enclosed in parentheses.