A:Cts of the Apostles (Revised Version)
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Was the New Testament Really Written in Greek?
2 Was the New Testament Really Written in Greek? Was the New Testament Really Written in Greek? A Concise Compendium of the Many Internal and External Evidences of Aramaic Peshitta Primacy Publication Edition 1a, May 2008 Compiled by Raphael Christopher Lataster Edited by Ewan MacLeod Cover design by Stephen Meza © Copyright Raphael Christopher Lataster 2008 Foreword 3 Foreword A New and Powerful Tool in the Aramaic NT Primacy Movement Arises I wanted to set down a few words about my colleague and fellow Aramaicist Raphael Lataster, and his new book “Was the New Testament Really Written in Greek?” Having written two books on the subject myself, I can honestly say that there is no better free resource, both in terms of scope and level of detail, available on the Internet today. Much of the research that myself, Paul Younan and so many others have done is here, categorized conveniently by topic and issue. What Raphael though has also accomplished so expertly is to link these examples with a simple and unambiguous narrative style that leaves little doubt that the Peshitta Aramaic New Testament is in fact the original that Christians and Nazarene-Messianics have been searching for, for so long. The fact is, when Raphael decides to explore a topic, he is far from content in providing just a few examples and leaving the rest to the readers’ imagination. Instead, Raphael plumbs the depths of the Aramaic New Testament, and offers dozens of examples that speak to a particular type. Flip through the “split words” and “semi-split words” sections alone and you will see what I mean. -
Book Reviews
BOOK REVIEWS LAW AND NARRATIVE IN THE BIBLE: THE EVIDENCE OF THE DEUTERONOMIC LAWS AND THE DECALOGUE. By Calum M. Carmi- chael. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1985. Pp. 356. $35. This book should appeal to both legal historians and biblical scholars. Carmichael is professor of comparative literature and biblical studies at Cornell, and he has devoted many years to the study of Israel's legal traditions. To be sure, his research and publication have not followed conventional lines, and the thesis sustained here will not go unchallenged. Briefly, the proposition is that the laws in Deuteronomy and the Deca logue (only 30 pages are given specifically to the latter segment) have as their background or inspiration some incident in the biblical narrative rather than a specific historical situation in life which they are meant to address. "The laws in both Deuteronomy and the decalogue arise not as a direct, practical response to the conditions of life and worship in Israel's past, as is almost universally held, but from a scrutiny of historical records about these conditions. The link is between law and literary account, not between law and actual life" (17). This challenges the prevailing view that Israelite law, in both its apodictic and casuistic forms, laid down rules for the healthy and equi table functioning of a community settled in the land. It is precisely on this point, the relationship between formulated law and its antecedent cause, that the legal historian may have the decisive word, even allowing for the uniquely sacred character of biblical law and the narrative to which it is associated. -
Home Bible Studies Acts Study #2 Acts 1:12-26
1 Home Bible Studies Acts Study #2 Acts 1:12-26 Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas KEY: A. (READ) What does it say? B. (RE-EMPHASIZE) What does it mean? C. (REFLECT) What does it mean to me? 12. Then the apostles returned to Jerusalem from the hill called the Mount of Olives, a Sabbath day’s walk from the city. A. (READ) B. (RE-EMPHASIZE) The disciples obeyed Jesus and returned the one kilometer to Jerusalem. C. (REFLECT) It was likely challenging to walk from the Mount of Olives, through the Kidron Valley, past the Garden of Gethsemane, & tomb, & Golgotha Hill to Mount Zion (Jerusalem. 1) Why would it be difficult (emotionally) for the disciples? 2) What did they do wrong in Gethsemane, just a few months before? (Mark 14:50) 13. When they arrived, they went upstairs to the room where they were staying. Those present were Peter, John, James and Andrew; Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew; James son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James. A. (READ) B. (RE-EMPHASIZE) There were now eleven disciples. Who was missing? Why? C. (REFLECT) Judas had betrayed Jesus and then killed himself. Peter had denied Jesus and then repented. 1) Can you tell of a time when someone did something to you and did not apologize? (Or even tell an example of how a person might do such a thing). 2) Tell of a time when someone did something to you and did apologize. 2 14. They all joined together constantly in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers. -
Lesson Four Phil. 2:19-30 “Servants of Christ”
1 Home Group Study The Book of Philippians “Jesus Our Joy” Lesson Four Phil. 2:19-30 “Servants of Christ” A reporter in San Bernardino, California arranged for a man to be in the gutter on a busy street. Hundreds of people passed the man but not one stopped to help him or even show sympathy! Newspapers across the country a few years ago told how thirty-eight people watched a man stalk a young lady and finally attack her and none of the spectators even picked up a phone to call the police! A couple of teenagers in Detroit discovered a woman in a telephone booth who had suffered a heart attack. They carried her to a nearby house and rang the bell, asking for help. The only reply they received was, "Get off my porch and take her with you!" A Kentucky doctor was driving down the highway to visit a patient when he saw an accident take place. He stopped and gave aid to the injured and then made his visit. One of the drivers he helped sued him! Is it possible to be a "Good Samaritan" today? Must everybody harden his heart in order to protect himself? Perhaps "sacrifice and service" are ancient virtues that somehow do not fit into our so-called modern civilization. It is worth noting that even in Paul's day having concern for others was not a popular virtue. The Christians at Rome were not too interested in the problems at Philippi; Paul could not find one person among them willing to go to Philippi. -
Discussion Guide on Philippians 2:17-30 the Following Is A
Discussion Guide on Philippians 2:17-30 The following is a suggested discussion guide for you to use with your family, small group, or Sunday Morning Bible Study as we walk through the book of Philippians. Feel free to use what is helpful in this guide to lead you in discussion. Introduction Spend a few minutes answering an icebreaker question in your group. An example icebreaker question might be: “This day and age, we often communicate with phone calls, text messages, and emails, but for thousands of years, most people communicated through the writing of letters. Who is the last person you received a personal letter from, or wrote a personal letter to?” Explain that this question connects with our passage today, which is part of a letter Paul wrote to the church at Philippi. Today’s section of the letter, Philippians 2:17-30, discusses Paul’s itinerary and his fellow ministry companions. Although we might be tempted to overlook these types of sections in biblical letters, often these types of passages, full of details about companions and plans, have a lot to say to us about what it means to live the Christian life. Video Watch the video for Philippians 2:17-30, which can be found at www.mbbc.org/home-church. Discussion Read Philippians 2:17-24 again as a group. Ask, “Does it seem odd to you that, in the middle of this long explanation of who Christ is, and who we are called to be, Paul would include these details about his companions?” Explain that while these details may seem insignificant, the information included about Timothy, Epaphroditus, and Paul himself helps illustrate the point of Philippians 2. -
Ancient Testimony from the Early Church. Matthew
LTL2: The Ministry Years 0.002a&b – Ancient Testimony* Ancient Testimony from the Early Church. Matthew Papias (c 60-130) - quoted by Eusebius (c 300) "Matthew compiled the reports in a Hebrew dialect but each interpreted them as he could.” Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 3.39.16 Irenaeus (c 115-200) "Matthew composed his Gospelamong the Hebrews in their own language while Peter and Paul proclaimed the gospel in Rome and founded the community. After their death/departure Mark, the disciple and interpreter of Peter, handed on his preaching to us in written form…” Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses. 1Il.l.1 Pantaenus (died c190) - quoted by Jerome (c 400) “He[Pantaenus] went to the Indians and the tradition is that he found there among them, some there who had known Christ. The Gospel according to Matthew had preceded his coming, for Bartholemew… had left them the Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew letters.” Jerome HE 5.10.3 Epiphaneus (c 315 -403) - Bishop of Salamis “They[Ebionites and Nazoreans*] have the Gospel According to Matthew, complete and in Hebrew” Adv Haer 29.9.4 Jerome (c 347-420) - Translator of the Vulgate “Matthew… was the first to compose a Gospel … in Hebrew… Further the Hebrew is preserved to this present day in the library at Caesarea… … I had leave also given me to copy it by the Nazaraeans* in Beroea a city of Syria who use this work.” De Vir Ill 3 *Note: Jerome’s Nazaraeans are Epiphaneus’ Nazoreans. ©Christen Forster, 2019. These notes are provided for personal and group use. Please do not distribute or reproduce them without permission. -
The Tuesday Afternoon Bible Study - Acts 23
The Tuesday Afternoon Bible Study - Acts 23 Acts 21-28 encompass several years, covering a long period of time in which Paul is always in captivity. Chapters 21-23 tell the first episode in this period, where Paul’s life is threatened three times. Paul has returned to Jerusalem, where so long ago (back in ch 8) he launched his persecution again Christians. Paul’s presence in the temple causes an angry mob to seize him, bringing Roman soldiers to keep the peace, and thus saving him. When the soldiers learn that Paul is a Roman citizen, this allows him a favored status. Allowed to speak to the Jews, in ch 22 Paul offers his defense. After his speech, the Roman tribune in charge wants to understand more about these charges leveled against Paul by the Jews. He orders Paul to speak before Jerusalem’s high-ranking Jewish leaders (sometimes referred to by the Greek word for council, Sanhedrin.) Ch 23 tells of this next encounter. (Hint: it won’t end well.) Let’s read ch 23 in three sections, answering questions after reading each section. Acts 23: 1-11 Read all of Paul’s speech before this gathered body of Jewish leaders. 1. Speaking truth to power is dangerous and can result in injury. Paul starts with a statement about his long-standing faithfulness to the God of Israel. This results in an order by the high priest, Ananias, for Paul to be struck on the mouth. This is the third person named Ananias we encounter in Acts - all 3 are different persons, and the first time we encounter this one. -
Paul the Emissary Companion Guide
COMPANION GUIDE TO THE VIDEO Paul, the Emissary Prepared by Dr. Diana Severance P.O. Box 540 Worcester, PA 19490 610-584-3500 1-800-523-0226 Fax: 610-584-6643 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.visionvideo.com 2 Discussion Guide for The Emissary The Emissary portrays the story of the apostle Paul, closely following the Scriptural account in the book of Acts. Historians recognize that Paul was one of the most important men in all of world history. It was largely through his ministry that the message of Christianity was brought to much of the urban society of the Roman Empire within one generation. To better appreciate Paul’s ministry and impact, read the Scriptures, consider and discuss the following questions: 1. We first meet Paul in Scripture when Stephen was being stoned (Acts 7:54-60). At that time he was then called Saul. What role did Saul have in Stephen’s stoning? What impression might the dying Stephen’s words and behavior have on Saul? 2. Though born in Tarsus in Asia Minor, Paul was raised in Jerusalem, where he was a student of the beloved Gamaliel. What was Gamaliel’s attitude to the new sect of Christians? Why might Saul’s attitude differ so markedly from his teacher (Acts 22:3; 5:34-39; cf. 8:3; 9:1-2)? 3. Saul was not seeking the Lord Jesus, but the Lord was seeking him and spoke to Saul as he was on his way to Damascus to further persecute the Christians (Acts 9:1-7). -
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
Berean Digest Walking Thru the Bible Tavares D. Mathews
Berean Digest Walking Thru the Bible Tavares D. Mathews Length of Time # Book Chapters Listening / Reading 1 Matthew 28 2 hours 20 minutes 2 Mark 16 1 hour 25 minutes 3 Luke 24 2 hours 25 minutes 4 John 21 1 hour 55 minutes 5 Acts 28 2 hours 15 minutes 6 Romans 16 1 hour 5 minutes 7 1 Corinthians 16 1 hour 8 2 Corinthians 13 40 minutes 9 Galatians 6 21 minutes 10 Ephesians 6 19 minutes 11 Philippians 4 14 minutes 12 Colossians 4 13 minutes 13 1 Thessalonians 5 12 minutes 14 2 Thessalonians 3 7 minutes 15 1 Timothy 6 16 minutes 16 2 Timothy 4 12 minutes 17 Titus 3 7 minutes 18 Philemon 1 3 minutes 19 Hebrews 13 45 minutes 20 James 5 16 minutes 21 1 Peter 5 16 minutes 22 2 Peter 3 11 minutes 23 1 John 5 16 minutes 24 2 John 1 2 minutes 25 3 John 1 2 minutes 26 Jude 1 4 minutes 27 Revelation 22 1 hour 15 minutes Berean Digest Walking Thru the Bible Tavares D. Mathews Matthew Author: Matthew Date: AD 50-60 Audience: Jewish Christians in Palestine Chapters: 28 Theme: Jesus is the Christ (Messiah), King of the Jews People: Joseph, Mary (mother of Jesus), Wise men (magi), Herod the Great, John the Baptizer, Simon Peter, Andrew, James, John, Matthew, Herod Antipas, Herodias, Caiaphas, Mary of Bethany, Pilate, Barabbas, Simon of Cyrene, Judas Iscariot, Mary Magdalene, Joseph of Arimathea Places: Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Egypt, Nazareth, Judean wilderness, Jordan River, Capernaum, Sea of Galilee, Decapolis, Gadarenes, Chorazin, Bethsaida, Tyre, Sidon, Caesarea Philippi, Jericho, Bethany, Bethphage, Gethsemane, Cyrene, Golgotha, Arimathea. -
Of the Apostles the Building of the Church
OF THE APOSTLES THE BUILDING OF THE CHURCH INVER GROVE CHURCH OF CHRIST FALL 2019 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES Acts 1 The Promise of the Holy Spirit LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach, (2) Until the Author: Unlike Paul’s Epistles, the Author of Acts does day in which he was taken up, after that he through the not name himself. The use of the personal pronoun “I” Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles in the opening sentence, seems to indicate the books whom he had chosen: (3) To whom also he shewed first recipients must have known the writer. The himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs, beginning of this book and the third gospel have been being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the accepted as from Luke. things pertaining to the kingdom of God: (4) And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that Date: Seems that the book was written before outcome they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the of the trial Paul went through, around 61 AD. promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of Purpose: The book of Acts , mainly the acts of Peter me. (5) For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall and Paul, mostly Paul. Paul was an Apostle to Gentiles. be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence. Rom 11:13 For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I The Ascension am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office: (6) When they therefore were come together, they We will see the Wonderful Work among the Nations asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore come to the gospel call, the Household of God passes again the kingdom to Israel? (7) And he said unto from being a National institution to an International them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, World Institution. -
Peter Saccio
Great Figures of the New Testament Parts I & II Amy-Jill Levine, Ph.D. PUBLISHED BY: THE TEACHING COMPANY 4840 Westfields Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, Virginia 20151-2299 1-800-TEACH-12 Fax—703-378-3819 www.teach12.com Copyright © The Teaching Company, 2002 Printed in the United States of America This book is in copyright. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of The Teaching Company. Amy-Jill Levine, Ph.D. E. Rhodes and Leona B. Carpenter Professor of New Testament Studies Vanderbilt University Divinity School/ Vanderbilt University Graduate Department of Religion Amy-Jill Levine earned her B.A. with high honors in English and Religion at Smith College, where she graduated magna cum laude and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. Her M.A. and Ph.D. in Religion are from Duke University, where she was a Gurney Harris Kearns Fellow and W. D. Davies Instructor in Biblical Studies. Before moving to Vanderbilt, she was Sara Lawrence Lightfoot Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Religion at Swarthmore College. Professor Levine’s numerous publications address Second-Temple Judaism, Christian origins, Jewish-Christian relations, and biblical women. She is currently editing the twelve-volume Feminist Companions to the New Testament and Early Christian Literature for Continuum, completing a manuscript on Hellenistic Jewish narratives for Harvard University Press, and preparing a commentary on the Book of Esther for Walter de Gruyter (Berlin).