1 Indus Valley Civilization
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Chapter VI Conclusions
Chapter VI Conclusions Trade and commerce of Adil Shahi Sultanate was gradually increasing through various stages, but it reached to a height after the fall of Barid Shahi and Vijaynagar. The establishment of Bahmani rule had removed Bijapur’s status as a remote frontier post, however, under the Bahamanis Bijapur never possessed the economic or political importance of Gulbarga and Bidar, the two Bahmani capitals. Bijapur’s de facto independence (1490), from Bahmani authority could not suddenly transform the city into a notable centre of Islamic civilization. One political city had to fall or decline so that a new political city rose and grew in its stead. Bidar was declined in the last quarter of 15th century and Vijaynagar was destroyed by confederate Muslim states of the Deccan in the battle of Talikota in 1565 and on its ashes raised the glory of Bijapur. By the end of sixteenth century Bijapur had emerged as one of the major Islamic urban centres. The early seventeenth century saw the peak growth of the city’s population, on the basis of the estimation of James Campbell, two million of population was resided within and outside of fort of Bijapur. Under the aegis of Ibrahim II and Muhammad Adil Shah, Bijapur’s significance in all respects grew further and it became an important city of the Deccan. Migration of Qadiri Sufis into the Bijapur during this period could be seen as an important indicator of urbanization. After the fall of Vijaynagar the resources of sultanate increases and Karwar, Honawar and Bhatkal came in their possession which helps to boost up their trade and 548 J.D.B., Gribble, History of the Deccan, op. -
Mughal Empire
www.gradeup.co www.gradeup.co HISTORY Chronology of Important Events in Indian History ANCIENT INDIA Year Event Importance 2 Million BC to 10,00 BC Paleolithic Period Fire was discovered 2 Million BC to 50,000 BC Lower Paleolithic Tools made of limestones were 50,000 BC to 40,000 BC Middle Paleolithic used. They are found in 40,000 BC to 10,000 BC Upper Paleolithic Chotanagpur plateau and Kurnool district From 10,000 BC The Mesolithic Age Hunters and Herders Microlith tools were used 7000 BC The Neolithic age Food producers Use of polished tools Pre-Harappan Phase – 3000 BC Chalcolithic Age Use of Copper – first metal 2500 BC Harappan Phase Bronze age civilization, development of Urban culture 1500 BC-1000 BC Early Vedic period Rig Veda period 1000BC-500BC Later Vedic period Growth of 2nd Urban phase with the establishment of Mahajanapadhas 600 BC – 325 BC Mahajanapadhas 16 kingdoms with certain republics established 544 BC – 412 BC Haryanka Dynasty Bimbisara, Ajatshatru and Udayin 412 BC – 342 BC Shisunaga Dynasty Shisunaga and Kalashoka 344BC – 323 BC Nanda Dynasty Mahapadmananda 563 BC Birth of Gautama Buddha Buddhism established 540 BC Birth of Mahavira 24th Tirthankara of Jainism 518 BC Persian Invasion Darius 483 BC 1st Buddhist council Rajgir 383 BC 2nd Buddhist Council Vaishali 326 BC Macedonian Invasion Direct contact between Greek and India 250 BC 3rd Buddhist council Pataliputra www.gradeup.co 322 BC – 185 BC Mauryan Period Political unification of India, 322 BC – 298 BC Chandragupta Maurya Dhamma policy of Ashoka, the 298 BC -
State of Environment (Soe)
STATE OF ENVIRONMENT (SOE) REPORT – TIKAMGARH Executive Summary Welcome to the Tikamgarh State of Environment Report. The State of Environment Report provides a summary of the environmental attributes and condition of the district and the human impacts on the environment. It also provides a public record of district authority, industry and community activities and achievements in responding to pressures on the environment. State of the Environment Reports can therefore be considered as a mechanism for reporting on progress towards Environmentally Sustainable Development (ESD). State of the Environment (SoE) Reporting will be an annual requirement of district authority, coinciding with Annual Plan and prepared for each financial year. It involves looking at: the various pressures on the environment; the state or condition of the environment at the time of reporting; and any responses that has been or will be made to better manage environmental pressures or impacts to improve environmental conditions. So the main objective of the SoE Report of Tikamgarh is to bring out an overview of the environmental scenario of the district to serve as a baseline document and assist in logical and information based decision making. It is recognized that to achieve ESD within district the activities of annual plan require a shift in priorities, which involves the integration of environmental considerations into the development of community goals/targets, strategies, economic policies, and decision-making in every sphere of activity. The SoE Report provides a mechanism for identifying sustainability issues and trends, and therefore provides a mechanism for assisting the prioritization of district plan in achieving ESD The State of the Environment Report prepared for Tikamgarh covers the state and trends of the environmental issues like Agriculture, Forest, Land degradation, Water quantity, and Water quality. -
Indus Valley Civilization) Exercises 1
28/05/2020 Class-6 HISTORY & CIVICS Chapter -3 (Indus Valley Civilization) Exercises 1. Fill in the blanks: 1- The main river of the Harappan Civilization was Indus River. 2-The Great Bath is located in Mohenjodaro. 3- The rich wore ornaments made of gold, silver and ivory. 4- The main occupation of Harappans was agriculture. 5- The Harappan seals are made of clay, soapstone and copper. B) Match the following. 1. Kalibangan (b) Rajasthan 2. Houses (e) baked bricks 3. Toys (a) terracotta 4. Dancing girls (c) bronze 5. Lothal (d) dockyard C) Choose the correct answer: 1- The Harappan Civilization belongs to the Bronze Age . 2- Harappa was the first city to be discovered in the Indus Valley region. 3- The Assembly Hall is in Mohenjodaro. 4- Wheat was the staple diet of the Harappans. 5- The Pipal tree was probably regarded as sacred by the Harappans. D) State whether the followings are true or false. 1- The Harappan cities had an elaborate drainage system. [True] 2- Domestication of animals was the main occupation of the Harappans. [False] 3- The Harappans decorated their pottery with various designs. [True] 4- The Harappans built strong boats. [True] 5- Invasion by foreign tribes like the Aryans might have led to the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization. [True] E) Answer the following questions in one or two words/sentences: 1 – What discovery proved that India had a 4,500-years-old urban civilization? Ans-The discovery of the Harappan Civilization proved that India had a 4500-year-old urban civilization. 2-Why is The Indus Valley Civilization also called the Harappan Civilization? Ans- The Indus Valley Civilization is also called Harappan Civilization because Harappa was the first site to be unearthed. -
Dynastic Lists and Genealogical Tables
DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES (1) The Bahamani Dynasty of the Deccan. (2) The Nizam Shahi Dynasty of Ahmadnagar. (3) The Adil Shahi Dynasty of Bijapur. (4) The Imad Shahi Dynasty of Berar. (5) The Qutb Shahi Dynasty of Golconda. (6) The Barid Shahi Dynasty of Bidar. (7) The Faruqi Dynasty of Khandesh. 440 DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES THE BAHAMANI DYNASTY OF THE DECCAN Year of Accession Year of Accession A. H. A. D. 748 Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah 1347 759 Muhammad I 1358 776 Mujahid 1375 779 Daud 1378 780 Mahmud (wrongly called Muhammad II) . 1378 799 Ghiyas-ud-din 1397 799 Shams-ud-din 1397 800 Taj-ud-din-Firoz 1397 825 Ahmad, Vali 1422 839 Ala-ud-din Ahmad 1436 862 Humayun Zalim 1458 865 Nizam 1461 867 Muhammad III, Lashkari 1463 887 Mahmud 1482 924 Ahmad 1518 927 Ala-ud-din 1521 928 Wali-Ullah 1522 931 Kalimullah 1525 944 End of the dynasty 1538 DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES 441 THE BAHAMANI DYNASTY OF THE DECCAN GENEALOGY (Figures in brackets denote the order of succession) 442 DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES THE NIZAM SHAHI DYNASTY OF AHMADNAGAR Year of Accession Year of Accession A. H. A. D. 895 Ahmad Nizam Shah 1490 915 Burhan Nizam Shah I 1509 960 Husain Nizam Shah I 1553 973 Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565 996 Husain Nizam Shah II 1588 997 Ismail Nizam Shah 1589 999 Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591 1001 Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1594 1002 (Ahmad-usurper) 1595 1003 Bahadur Nizam Shah 1595 1007 Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1599 1041 Husain Nizam Shah III 1631 1043 End of the Dynasty 1633 DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES 443 444 DYNASTIC LISTS AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES THE ADIL SHAHI DYNASTY OF BIJAPUR Year of Accession Year of Accession A. -
Sr. No District Block Name of GP Payee Co De Accounts Number
Page 1 Release of Grant Ist Installment to Gram Panchayats under the Surcharge on VAT (Normal Plan) Scheme during the Year 2017-18 Sr. District Block Name of GP Payee_co Accounts Number IFSC Name of Bank Amount in ` No de 1 Ambala AMBALA I ADHO MAJRA 8K0N5Y 163001000004021 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 54556 2 Ambala AMBALA I AEHMA 8Q0N60 163001000004028 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 30284 3 Ambala AMBALA I AMIPUR 8P0N61 06541450001902 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 44776 4 Ambala AMBALA I ANANDPUR JALBERA 8O0N62 163001000004012 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City136032 5 Ambala AMBALA I BABAHERI 8N0N63 163001000004037 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 30239 6 Ambala AMBALA I BAKNOUR 8K0N66 163001000004026 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 95025 7 Ambala AMBALA I BALAPUR 8R0N68 06541450001850 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 51775 8 Ambala AMBALA I BALLANA 8J0N67 163001000004020 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City186236 9 Ambala AMBALA I BAROULA 8P0N6A 06541450001548 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 37104 10 Ambala AMBALA I BAROULI 8O0N6B 163001000004008 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 52403 11 Ambala AMBALA I BARRA 8Q0N69 163001000004004 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 88474 12 Ambala AMBALA I BATROHAN 8N0N6C 06541450002021 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 65010 13 Ambala AMBALA I BEDSAN 8L0N6E 163001000004024 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City 14043 14 Ambala AMBALA I BEGO MAJRA 8M0N6D 06541450001651 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 17587 15 Ambala AMBALA I BEHBALPUR 8M0N64 06541450001452 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. City 32168 16 Ambala AMBALA I BHANOKHERI 8K0N6F 163001000004011 IOBA0001630 Indian Overseas Bank, Ambala City121585 17 Ambala AMBALA I BHANPUR NAKATPUR 8L0N65 06541450002014 HDFC0000654 HDFC, Bank Amb. -
3-Art-Of-Indus-Valley.Pdf
Harappan civilization 2 Architecture 2 Drainage System 3 The planning of the residential houses were also meticulous. 4 Town Planning 4 Urban Culture 4 Occupation 5 Export import product of 5 Clothing 5 Important centres 6 Religious beliefs 6 Script 7 Authority and governance 7 Technology 8 Architecture Of Indus Valley Civilisation 9 The GAP 9 ARTS OF THE INDUS VALLEY 11 Stone Statues 12 MALE TORSO 12 Bust of a bearded priest 13 Male Dancer 14 Bronze Casting 14 DANCING GIRL 15 BULL 16 Terracotta 16 MOTHER GODDESS 17 Seals 18 Pashupati Seal 19 Copper tablets 19 Bull Seal 20 Pottery 21 PAINTED EARTHEN JAR 22 Beads and Ornaments 22 Toy Animal with moveable head 24 Page !1 of !26 Harappan civilization India has a continuous history covering a very long period. Evidence of neolithic habitation dating as far back as 7000 BC has been found in Mehrgarh in Baluchistan. However, the first notable civilization flourished in India around 2700 BC in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent, covering a large area. The civilization is referred to as the Harappan civilization. Most of the sites of this civilization developed on the banks of Indus, Ghaggar and its tributaries. Architecture The excavations at Harappa and Mohenjodaro and several other sites of the Indus Valley Civilisation revealed the existence of a very modern urban civilisation with expert town planning and engineering skills. The very advanced drainage system along with well planned roads and houses show that a sophisticated and highly evolved culture existed in India before the coming of the Aryans. -
Sarasvati Civilization, Script and Veda Culture Continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution
Sarasvati Civilization, script and Veda culture continuum of Tin-Bronze Revolution The monograph is presented in the following sections: Introduction including Abstract Section 1. Tantra yukti deciphers Indus Script Section 2. Momentous discovery of Soma samsthā yāga on Vedic River Sarasvati Basin Section 3. Binjor seal Section 4. Bhāratīya itihāsa, Indus Script hypertexts signify metalwork wealth-creation by Nāga-s in paṭṭaḍa ‘smithy’ = phaḍa फड ‘manufactory, company, guild, public office, keeper of all accounts, registers’ Section 5. Gaṇeśa pratimā, Gardez, Afghanistan is an Indus Script hypertext to signify Superintendent of phaḍa ‘metala manufactory’ Section 6. Note on the cobra hoods of Daimabad chariot Section 7 Note on Mohenjo-daro seal m0304: phaḍā ‘metals manufactory’ Section 8. Conclusion Introduction The locus of Veda culture and Sarasvati Civilization is framed by the Himalayan ranges and the Indian Ocean. 1 The Himalayan range stretches from Hanoi, Vietnam to Teheran, Iran and defines the Ancient Maritime Tin Route of the Indian Ocean – āsetu himācalam, ‘from the Setu to Himalayaś. Over several millennia, the Great Water Tower of frozen glacial waters nurtures over 3 billion people. The rnge is still growing, is dynamic because of plate tectonics of Indian plate juttng into and pushing up the Eurasian plate. This dynamic explains river migrations and consequent desiccation of the Vedic River Sarasvati in northwestern Bhāratam. Intermediation of the maritime tin trade through the Indian Ocean and waterways of Rivers Mekong, Irrawaddy, Salween, Ganga, Sarasvati, Sindhu, Persian Gulf, Tigris-Euphrates, the Mediterranean is done by ancient Meluhha (mleccha) artisans and traders, the Bhāratam Janam celebrated by R̥ ṣi Viśvāmitra in R̥ gveda (RV 3.53.12). -
The Mauryan Empire Opens a New Era in the History Of
Winmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course 2018 History Part - 7 7] Maurya Empire MAURYAN EMPIRE NOTES Mauryan Empire (321 – 184 BC) The foundation of the Mauryan Empire opens a new era in the history of India and for the first time, the political unity was achieved in India. The history writing has also become clear from this period due to accuracy in chronology and sources. Besides plenty of indigenous and foreign literary sources, a number of epigraphical records are also available to write the history of this period. RISE OF MAURYAS The last of the Nanda rulers, Dhana Nanda was highly unpopular due to his oppressive tax regime. Also, post Alexander’s invasion of North-Western India, that region faced a lot of unrest from foreign powers. They were ruled by Indo-Greek rulers. Chandragupta, with the help of an intelligent and politically astute Brahmin, Kautilya usurped the throne by defeating Dhana Nanda in 321 BC. 1 www.winmeen.com | Learning Leads to Ruling Winmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course 2018 Chandragupta Maurya (322 – 298 B.C.) Chandragupta Maurya was the first ruler who unified entire country into one political unit, called the Mauryan Empire. He had captured Pataliputra from Dhanananda, who was the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty. He didn’t do achieve this feat alone, he was assisted by Kautilya, who was also known as Vishnugupta or Chanakya. Some scholars think that Chanakya was the real architect of this empire. After establishing his reign in the Gangetic valley, Chandragupta Maurya marched to the northwest and conquered territories upto the Indus. -
East India Company - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
East India Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The English East India Company was an English and later (from 1707) East India Company British joint-stock company[1] formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent. The East India Company traded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium. The Company was granted a Royal Charter in 1600,[2] making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats. The government owned no shares and had only indirect control. The Company eventually came to rule large areas of India Company flag after 1801 with its own private army, exercising military power and assuming Former type Public administrative functions.[3] Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and lasted until 1858 when, following the Industry International trade Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the Fate Dissolved British Crown assuming direct control of India in the new British Raj. Founded 1600 The Company was dissolved in 1874 as a result of the East India Stock Defunct June 1, 1874 Dividend Redemption Act passed one year earlier, as the Government of India Act had by then rendered it vestigal, powerless and obsolete. Its Headquarters London, England functions had been fully absorbed into official government machinery in the British Raj and its private army had been nationalized by the British Colonial India Crown. -
Chandra Shekahr Azad
Chandra Shekahr Azad drishtiias.com/printpdf/chandra-shekahr-azad Why in News On 23rd July, India paid tribute to the freedom fighter Chandra Shekahr Azad on his birth anniversary. Key Points Birth: Azad was born on 23rd July 1906 in the Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Early Life: Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, joined a Non-Cooperation Movement in December 1921. As a result, he was arrested. On being presented before a magistrate, he gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence as "Jail". Therefore, he came to be known as Chandra Shekhar Azad. 1/2 Contribution to Freedom Movement: Hindustan Republican Association: After the suspension of the non- cooperation movement in 1922 by Gandhi, Azad joined Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). HRA was a revolutionary organization of India established in 1924 in East Bengal by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen and Pratul Ganguly as an offshoot of Anushilan Samiti. Members: Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sukhdev, Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri. Kakori Conspiracy: Most of the fund collection for revolutionary activities was done through robberies of government property. In line with the same, Kakori Train Robbery near Kakori, Lucknow was done in 1925 by HRA. The plan was executed by Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, and Manmathnath Gupta. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association: HRA was later reorganised as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA). It was established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee. -
GIPE-248676-Contents.Pdf (2.661Mb)
APPENDIX (I) A. SHORT NOTE ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS INSERTED IN THE Boox. No. 1. Shivaji's Seals and Coins: is a plain design including two seals, one gold coin and seven copper pieces ascribed to Shivaji., No.1 Is the principal seal used long before his corona• cion, from his very childhood and continued even after that Kignificant ceremony. The inscription, thus, is devoid of any royal insignia. Dignified in its plain majesty, the couplet, freely' rendered, reads-'This seal of Shiva, the son of Shiha. waxing ( daily ) like the crescent of the moon and adored by the universe, 11hines with benevolent splendour'. No.2 Is the closing seal and reads 'here', the limit.' No.3 Represents the obverse and reverse of a gold 'Mohur' of Shiv~ji, and bears the usual legend 'Shri RajJ. Shiva' on one aide and 'Chhatrapati' on the other. N 01. ' to 8 are the usual copper pieces called 'Shivarli.' with similar legends imprinted. No.5 bears the whole legend in full. Others carry it only partially, Nos • .& and 8 showing op.ly one letter e&ch. No. ' including nothing of regal significance ie considered to h&ve been struck before the Coronation. Nos. 9 & 10 &;e tokens of lighter weight and were known w a Ruka and Dam respectively. No. :a A Page from the Factory Record.-Thi• is inserted to ,i.,e ihe readers some idea of the nature of the or1ine.l mit.teri&l r 353 Appendix from which the extracts are made. Caref'qlly studied, the photo. graph affords a considerable knowledge of the spelling, caligraphy and similar other things in which a student ls interested.