DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategi United Kingdom Youth Parliament

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategi United Kingdom Youth Parliament Strategi United Kingdom Youth Parliament (UKYP) Mendukung Kebijakan Concessionary Travel Scheme For Young People di Inggris Tahun 2011-2014 Bening Karilla Kinasih, Reni Ch. Suwarso Departemen Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRAK Skripsi ini membahas peran yang dilakukan oleh United Kingdom Youth Parliament (UKYP) sebagai organisasi penduduk usia muda Inggris yang beranggotakan penduduk usia 11-18 tahun dan merupakan bagian dari civil society dalam mempengaruhi kebijakan transportasi bus umum, periode 2011-2014. Kebijakan national concessionary travel yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah Inggris hanya mencakup kebutuhan penduduk usia tua dan penyandang difabel. Tingkat penggunaan bus yang tinggi, menjadikan UKYP dan penduduk usia muda merasa bahwa mereka memiliki hak untuk merasakan kebijakan tersebut. Strategi yang digunakan oleh UKYP bersifat multidimensi, dimana UKYP mencoba untuk mempengaruhi pemerintah melalui berbagai bentuk kegiatan. Seperti melakukan propaganda melalui media sosial, bekerja sama dengan organisasi penduduk usia muda lainnya ataupun melakukan lobby pemerintah dan stakeholder. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang dalam penyajiannya akan menggunakan studi pustaka yang relevan dengan kasus yang diangkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa UKYP memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kebijakan concessionary travel scheme for young people sejak tahun 2012-2014. Kata Kunci: Inggris, Youth Parliament, Strategi Politik, UKYP, Penduduk Usia Muda ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the role instigated by the United Kingdom Youth Parliament (UKYP), a young people organization whose members consist of 11–18 year olds, which is part of the civil society that is influencing public bus transportation policies in the period of 2011–2014. The national policy of concessionary travel enforced by the U.K. government only embodies the needs of the elderly and the differently abled. High rates of bus useage have moved the UKYP and the young people to feel that they have the right to also benefit from the policy. The strategy being used by the UKYP is multidimensional, in which the UKYP tries to influence the government through a variety of actions, such as propaganda through social media, working together with other young people organizations or lobbying with government and stakeholders. This research uses an analytical-descriptive method which, in its presentation, uses literary references relevant to the case in hand. The research shows that the UKYP has given a positive impact on the rise of the policy of concessionary travel scheme for young people since 2012–2014. Keywords: England, Youth Parliament, Political Strategy, UKYP, Young People 1 Strategi United Kingdom Youth..., Bening Karilla Kinasih, FISIP UI, 2015 Pendahuluan Konvensi internasional mengenai hak anak yang tertuang dalam The United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child (UNRC) diratifikasi oleh pemerintah Inggris pada tahun 1991 tersebut dianggap sebagai sinyal bagi penduduk usia muda di Inggris untuk dapat mempengaruhi pemerintah melalui kegiatan-kegiatan maupun aktivitas sosial yang memiliki dampak politik. 1 Kathryn I. Frank mengemukakan bahwa keterlibatan penduduk usia muda dalam formulasi kebijakan akan dapat membawa dampak positif baik untuk kelompok penduduk usia muda itu sendiri dan juga bagi komunitas yang lebih besar. Beberapa di antaranya adalah dengan didukungnya partisipasi aktif dari kelompok penduduk usia muda oleh pemerintah dalam upaya melakukan proses perencanaan atau pembuatan kebijakan, hal tersebut akan memberikan dampak bagi adanya perkembangan mengenai pengetahuan atau wawasan serta kemampuan untuk melakukan partisipasi politik.2 Dalam penelitian ini, penulis akan memfokuskan pembahasan mengenai strategi yang dilakukan oleh United Kingdom Youth Parliament dalam mengkampanyekan manifestonya untuk menuntut kebijakan concessionary travel scheme for young people. Pada tahun 2011 terdapat lima manifesto yang telah dipilih oleh penduduk usia muda di Inggris untuk diperdebatkan dalam pertemuan di House of Commons Debate pada tanggal 4 November 2011. Lima isu yang menjadi prioritas pada tahun tersebut adalah 1. Make Public Transport Cheaper, Better and Accessible for All, 2. No to Tuition Fees, Yes to Graduate Tax, 3. Zero Tolerance towards Bullying in Schools, 4. End Child Poverty, dan 5. A Greener Future for Britain.3 Isu kampanye nasional pada tahun 2011 mengenai bus umum adalah isu yang diangkat untuk mendukung kebijakan concessionary travel scheme for young people. Department for Transport sebelumnya telah mengeluarkan kebijakan national concessinary travel scheme. Dalam kebijakan tersebut, pemerintah telah memberikan subsidi yang di implementasikan dalam program bebas biaya bus umum bagi penduduk usia tua dan penyandang difabel.4 Selain itu pemerintah juga telah memperbaiki fasilitas yang menunjang aksesibilitas dari penggunaan bus umum oleh penduduk usia tua dan penyandang difabel. 1 Perpetua Kirby dan Sara Bryson, Measuring The Magic? : Evaluating and Researching Young People’s Participation in Public Decision Making, (London: Carniage Young People Initiative, hlm. 9 2 Kathryn I. Frank, “The Potential of Youth Participation in Planning”, Journal of Planning Literature, Vol. 20, No. 4, May 2006, hlm. 352 3 United Kingdom Youth Parliament, UKYP House of Commons Debate 2011, 2011, diakses pada tanggal 20 September 2014, <http://www.ukyouthparliament.org.uk/myps/house-of-commons-2013/ukyp-house- commons-debate-2011/> 4 UK, Department For Transport, Guidance for Travel Concession Authorities on the England National Concessionary Travel Scheme, 2010, diakses pada tanggal 9 September 2014, hlm. 5, <https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/3621/travelconcession.pdf> 2 Strategi United Kingdom Youth..., Bening Karilla Kinasih, FISIP UI, 2015 Namun fasilitas tersebut dilihat sebagai suatu hal yang seharusnya juga didapatkan oleh penduduk usia muda. Hasil dari lobby terhadap pemerintah dan publikasi kepada penduduk usia muda mengenai isu menghasilkan diberlakukannya kebijakan concessionary travel scheme for young people di tingkat lokal. Strategi politik yang dilakukan United Kingdom Youth Parliament ini tidak menghasilkan kebijakan di tingkat nasional, hal ini dikarenakan pemerintah pusat yang menangani permasalahan transportasi yaitu Department For Transport memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah negara bagian untuk membuat kebijakan mengenai transportasi. Oleh karena itu, di dalam penelitian ini penulis akan menjabarkan mengenai otoritas lokal mana saja yang telah menyetujui kebijakan concessionary travel scheme for young people. Penelitian ini mengambil jangka waktu pada tahun 2011 hingga 2014. Tahun 2011 hingga 2012 merupakan tahun dimana United Kingdom Youth Parliament menetapkan isu tarif bus umum sebagai isu nasional, kemudian pada tahun 2012 hingga 2014 akan dijelaskan lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh United Kingdom Youth Parliament untuk tetap melakukan berbagai pertemuan untuk membahas isu tersebut dan menggambarkan pula hasil dari kebijakan yang secara bertahap diberlakukan pada wilayah otoritas lokal di Inggris. Berdasarkan pada premis-premis diatas, maka dalam tugas akhir ini penulis akan mencoba memberikan penjabaran dan melakukan analisis terhadap bagaimana United Kingdom Youth Parliament yang merupakan salah satu hasil dari upaya pendidikan politik untuk meningkatkan partisipasi politik penduduk usia muda di Inggris dalam melakukan upaya partisipasi politik itu sendiri untuk memberikan input kepada pemerintah dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan. Penulis akan menjawab pertanyaan penelitian yaitu: “Bagaimana strategi yang dilakukan oleh United Kingdom Youth Parliament (UKYP) mendukung kebijakan Concessionary Travel Scheme for Young People di Inggris pada tahun 2011- 2014?” Kerangka Konseptual Konsep Civil Society Civil Society merupakan salah satu instrumen demokrasi yang dapat digunakan oleh warga negara untuk mengagregasikan kepentingannya terhadap pemerintah dalam pembuatan kebijakan. A.S Hikam memaknai civil society sebagai suatu tatanan penduduk modern yang memiliki visi yang beragam dan memiliki bentuk berupa asosiasi-asosiasi di dalam penduduk 3 Strategi United Kingdom Youth..., Bening Karilla Kinasih, FISIP UI, 2015 yang bersifat mandiri dan bebas.5 Hal ini serupa dengan definisi dari civil society yang dikemukakan oleh Alfred Stepan yang dikutip oleh Larry Diamond dalam bukunya yang menjelaskan bahwa civil society merupakan perwujudan dari gerakan sosial yang berbentuk organisasi kependudukan yang membentuk dirinya dalam suatu keteraturan untuk menyalurkan kepentingan-kepentingannya kepada pemerintah.6 Alexis de Tocqueville dalam bukunya menjelaskan mengenai posisi civil society dalam tatanan suatu negara. Tocqueville memberikan gambaran bahwa pada dasarnya posisi civil society bukan sebagai penentang negara, melainkan sebagai penyeimbang negara.7 Civil Society memiliki kekuatan politis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengontrol kekuatan intervensi negara terhadap warga negaranya. Namun untuk melengkapi argumentasi yang dikemukakan oleh Tocqueville, konsepsi civil society menurut Hegel dapat digunakan. Dimana menurut Hegel walaupun civil society memiliki sifat yang mandiri dan bebas, namun civil society masih tetap membutuhkan negara. Menurut Hegel, negara memiliki peran untuk melindungi eksistensi dari civil society itu sendiri melalui kontrol hukum, administrasi dan
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
    Thursday Volume 511 10 June 2010 No. 13 HOUSE OF COMMONS OFFICIAL REPORT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Thursday 10 June 2010 £5·00 © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2010 This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Parliamentary Click-Use Licence, available online through the Office of Public Sector Information website at www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/ Enquiries to the Office of Public Sector Information, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU; e-mail: [email protected] 443 10 JUNE 2010 444 Friend the Minister, not only for his recent work in House of Commons developing the Government’s ambitious low-carbon economy programme, but for his long-term battle to Thursday 10 June 2010 give communities the power they need to stand up for themselves against inappropriate development. I am grateful to my right hon. Friend the Secretary of The House met at half-past Ten o’clock State for his answer, but will he reassure the House and my constituents that he intends to repeal perverse rules PRAYERS that prevent local councillors from standing up for their constituents— [MR SPEAKER in the Chair] Mr Speaker: Order. I am sorry, but I must now cut off the hon. Gentleman. From now on, questions and answers must be briefer. Oral Answers to Questions Mr Pickles: I think I got the gist; I think my hon. Friend was referring to predetermination and I am delighted to inform the House that it is our intention to COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT repeal those regulations. That means we can give local councils the thing that Members of Parliament so desire— that councillors with opinions can actually vote on The Secretary of State was asked— those opinions.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill Written Evidence Contents
    Legislative Scrutiny: Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill Written Evidence Contents Letter to the Chair and submission, from Rt Hon Hugh Robertson MP, Minister for Sport and Tourism, Department for Culture Media and Sport (BILLS (12–13) 106) ................................................................................................................... 2 Letter from the Chair, to Rt Hon Maria Miller MP, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport (BILLS (12–13) 130) ................................................................................... 37 Written evidence submitted by Professor Christopher McCrudden (BILLS (12–13) 147) ................................................................................................................... 43 Letter to the Chair, from Rt Hon Maria Miller MP, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, and Minister for Women and Equalities (BILLS 12–13 149) ............ 86 Letter from the Chair, to Professor Christopher McCrudden, Counsel, Blackstone Chambers, (BILLS (12–13) 150) ...................................................................... 113 Letter from the Chair, to Professor Julian Rivers, University of Bristol (BILLS (12-13) 151) ................................................................................................................. 115 Letter from the Chair, to Mark Hammond, Chief Executive, Equality and Human Rights Commission, and Mr Robin Allen QC (BILLS (12-13) 152) .............................. 116 Letter to the Chair, from Professor Julian Rivers, University
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Parliaments and Young People's Participation in Politics
    Youth Parliaments and young people’s participation in politics Standard Note: SNPC-00823 Last updated: 24 January 2007 Author: Paul Lester, Miranda Olivier Wright, Parliament and Constitution Centre; Nicola Harland, Parliamentary Education Unit Many organisations, including the UK Youth Parliament, use “parliament” as a convenient word to describe some form of discussion forum or council. This note gives details about some of the main organisations involved with organising youth parliaments and other initiatives to increase youth participation in the political process. Contents A. Parliamentary Education Unit Pupil Parliaments 2 B. UK Youth Parliament 2 C. Scottish Parliament 3 D. Scottish Youth Parliament 4 E. Citizenship Foundation National Youth Parliament Competition 4 F. Children’s Parliament 5 G. Scottish Youth Summit 5 H. Funky Dragon 5 I. Northern Ireland Youth Forum 6 J. European Youth Parliament 6 K. Youth Parliaments elsewhere 7 L. Yvote?/Ynot? 7 M. The Electoral Commission 8 Appendix 1 – Parliamentary Education Unit: Pupil Parliaments 10 Appendix 2 – UK Youth Parliament – Contact Information 17 Appendix 3 – Youth Parliament websites 18 Standard Notes are compiled for the benefit of Members of Parliament and their personal staff. Authors are available to discuss the contents of these papers with Members and their staff but cannot advise others. A. Parliamentary Education Unit Pupil Parliaments The Parliamentary Education Unit, which provides an educational service for both UK Houses of Parliament, instituted in 1999 a series of Pupil Parliaments. These allow children of different age groups to participate in a debate in the Palace of Westminster on several days each year. Debates take place in one of the Grand Committee Rooms.
    [Show full text]
  • Members 1979-2010
    Members 1979-2010 RESEARCH PAPER 10/33 28 April 2010 This Research Paper provides a complete list of all Members who have served in the House of Commons since the general election of 1979 to the dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010. The Paper also provides basic biographical and parliamentary data. The Library and House of Commons Information Office are frequently asked for such information and this Paper is based on the data we collate from published sources to assist us in responding. This Paper replaces an earlier version, Research Paper 09/31. Oonagh Gay Richard Cracknell Jeremy Hardacre Jean Fessey Recent Research Papers 10/22 Crime and Security Bill: Committee Stage Report 03.03.10 10/23 Third Parties (Rights Against Insurers) Bill [HL] [Bill 79 of 2009-10] 08.03.10 10/24 Local Authorities (Overview and Scrutiny) Bill: Committee Stage Report 08.03.10 10/25 Northern Ireland Assembly Members Bill [HL] [Bill 75 of 2009-10] 09.03.10 10/26 Debt Relief (Developing Countries) Bill: Committee Stage Report 11.03.10 10/27 Unemployment by Constituency, February 2010 17.03.10 10/28 Transport Policy in 2010: a rough guide 19.03.10 10/29 Direct taxes: rates and allowances 2010/11 26.03.10 10/30 Digital Economy Bill [HL] [Bill 89 of 2009-10] 29.03.10 10/31 Economic Indicators, April 2010 06.04.10 10/32 Claimant Count Unemployment in the new (2010) Parliamentary 12.04.10 Constituencies Research Paper 10/33 Contributing Authors: Oonagh Gay, Parliament and Constitution Centre Richard Cracknell, Social and General Statistics Section Jeremy Hardacre, Statistics Resources Unit Jean Fessey, House of Commons Information Office This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual.
    [Show full text]
  • Member Since 1979 191
    RESEARCH PAPER 09/31 Members since 1979 20 APRIL 2009 This Research Paper provides a complete list of all Members who have served in the House of Commons since the general election of 1979, together with basic biographical and parliamentary data. The Library and the House of Commons Information Office are frequently asked for such information and this Paper is based on the data we collate from published sources to assist us in responding. Since this Paper is produced part way through the 2005 Parliament, a subsequent edition will be prepared after its dissolution to create a full record of its MPs. The cut off date for the material in this edition is 31 March 2009. Please note that a new edition of this Research Paper is now available entitled: Members 1979-2010 [RP10/33] Oonagh Gay PARLIAMENT AND CONSTITUTION CENTRE HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY Recent Library Research Papers include: 09/16 Saving Gateway Accounts Bill: Committee Stage Report 24.02.09 09/17 Autism Bill [Bill 10 of 2008-09] 25.02.09 09/18 Northern Ireland Bill [Bill 62 of 2008-09] 02.03.09 09/19 Small Business Rate Relief (Automatic Payment) Bill [Bill 13 of 03.03.09 2008-09] 09/20 Economic Indicators, March 2009 04.03.09 09/21 Statutory Redundancy Pay (Amendment) Bill [Bill 12 of 2008-09] 11.03.09 09/22 Industry and Exports (Financial Support) Bill [Bill 70 of 2008-09] 12.03.09 09/23 Welfare Reform Bill: Committee Stage Report 13.03.09 09/24 Royal Marriages and Succession to the Crown (Prevention of 17.03.09 Discrimination) Bill [Bill 29 of 2008-09] 09/25 Fuel Poverty Bill
    [Show full text]
  • Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools
    Education for citizenship and the teaching of democracy in schools Final report of the Advisory Group on Citizenship 22 September 1998 The Young People’s Parliament, Birmingham, (YPP) – Educating for Democracy – gives young people in Birmingham and the West Midlands a voice - whether on school, local quality of life or wider national issues; and on global concerns such as sustainable development and human rights. The initiative is a partnership between The University of the First Age, Birmingham City Council and the new centre for learning and leisure, Millennium Point. Already by using ICT, websites, video conferencing and e-mail, as well as use of the City’s Council Chamber, the young people of Birmingham and beyond have been able to participate in two pilot projects. The General Election project in 1997 linked young people in the West Midlands directly with politicians and provided a lively and robust exchange of views. The first G8 Young People’s Summit (YPS) was held in May 1998 to coincide with the G8 Summit meeting in Birmingham. Two youth delegates came from each of the G8 countries as well as the EU. A communiqué was drafted, mainly on the issues of third world debt relief, after a meeting with the Prime Minister. It made a powerful statement for the right of young people to be heard in international affairs. The Youth Parliament Competition is now in its eighth year, organised by the Citizenship Foundation and sponsored by Motorola. Each participating secondary school holds a mock parliamentary session of the pupils’ own choosing. There are ministers and shadow ministers and a host of backbenchers on both sides.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Youth Parliament Handbook
    UK Youth Parliament Handbook Name Constituency 1 Contents Introduction FACTS, FIGURES AND INFO The UK Youth Parliament provides opportunities for 11-18 Introduction .................................................................. 2 year olds to use their elected voice to bring about social change through meaningful representation and campaigning. How this handbook can help you .................................. 2 Members of Youth Parliament are elected in youth elections How it all works ............................................................ 3 throughout the UK. What help can I expect? ................................................ 4 Once elected, MYPs attend and organise events and projects, Decision making ............................................................ 5 run campaigns and influence decision makers on the issues The 7 steps to making policy ......................................... 6 that matter to young people. MYP role description .................................................... 8 Our Campaigns Code of Commitment and Conduct ............................ 10 Make Your Mark is the UK’s largest youth consultation Social media guidelines ............................................... 12 and is run by the British Youth Council, with the topics The three main parts of Parliament explained ............... 14 decided by the UK Youth Parliament. At the House of Which Laws would you change if you could? ............... 16 Commons event, Members of Youth Parliament debate the top 5 topics from Make Your Mark and then vote for MAKING THE MOST OF YOUR YEAR AS MYP two campaigns, one for a devolved (England only) issue and one for a reserved issue (UK wide). This leads to there What was I elected or voted in to do? .......................... 18 being two UKYP priority campaigns each year, one on a Get Involved with the UK Parliament ............................ 20 devolved issue and one on a reserved issue. This is due to Planning a campaign: hints and tips ...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Disability, Rights and Vulnerability in British Parliamentary Debate
    DRAFT Disability, Rights and Vulnerability in British Parliamentary Debate Evan Odella aDisability Rights UK 14 East Bay Lane, Plexal, London E15 2GW ARTICLE HISTORY Compiled July 10, 2018 ABSTRACT This paper examines discussion of disability and disabled people by Members of Parlia- ment (MPs) in the UK House of Commons from 1979–2017. It examines general trends in the number of speeches mentioning disability, including the parties and MPs most likely to mention disability issues, and examines how disability is used in conjunction with two keywords: ‘rights’ and ‘vulnerable’. It uses these keywords to explore two conceptions of how the state should engage with disability and disabled people: a paternalistic concep- tion (which post-2010 has become more common) and a rights-based conception (which has been in decline since the 1990s). I conclude with a discussion about how this reflects the disability movement in the UK, and what it means for the future of disability politics, the welfare state and how disabled people themselves might view paternalistic government policies. Abbreviations: SNP: Scottish National Party DPAC: Disabled People Against the Cuts MP: Member of Parliament KWIC: Key Words in Context KEYWORDS Disability, Politics, Hansard, Political Discourse 1. Introduction The way politicians approach, discuss and debate an issue can reveal how that given issue is viewed, and the predict the policy responses to that issue. The tone of political rhetoric both informs and reflects popular conceptions, media coverage and public policies on a given issue or set of issues. Discourse, amongst politicians, mass media and the general public, has been a long-standing concern in the field of disability studies, particularly fo- cusing on popular descriptions of disability and how these can harm (or help) disabled people, or the language and arguments used by governments to ‘sell’ different policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Matthew Sowemimo the European Controversy in the Conservative
    Matthew Sowemimo Sheffield University Politics PhD Thesis The European Controversy In The ConservativeParty 1988-94 Supervisor: Professor A. M. Gamble The thesis will focus on the divisions which emerged within the Conservative parliamentary party after the acceleration of European integration in the late 1980s. The thesis uses an analytical typology to show how the conflict over European integration led to a realignment of the Conservative parliamentary party and a split within the Thatcherite grouping. This typology is developed as a result of identifying the key ideological dynamics at work in the European dispute. These dynamics have given birth to distinct groupings within the party: - Thatcherite Nationalists, Neo-Liberal Integrationists and Interventionist Integrationists. A key factor in the Thatcherite Nationalists' hostility to Europe is the centrality of nationhood in the Conservative ideological tradition. From the late nineteenth century onwards, Tory leaders used nationhood as the basis for their party's survival in industrial Britain. The key aspect of nationhood ideology is the emphasisplaced by Tory leaderson Britain's global ambition and identity. The Tory European groupings are divided on the question of whether Britain. should pursue an Atlanticist or Europeanist foreign policy. The thesis will show that foreign policy developments over the last forty years have widened the divide between the Tory groupings on this issue. The Thatcherite Nationalists' hostility to European integration intensified once the integrationist dynamics within the EuropeanUnion becameapparent. These dynamics were incompatible with the concept of a Europe of free trading nation states. The Nationalists becamecommitted to reversing theseintegrationist developments. The Thatcherite Nationalists and the Neo-Liberal Integrationists differ fundamentally on the issue of the single currency.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parliamentary Conservative Party: the Leadership Elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenGrey Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Hill, Michael The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith Original Citation Hill, Michael (2007) The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/741/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The Leadership Elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith Michael Hill A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Huddersfield Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my father, David Leyland Hill.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parliamentary Conservative Party: the Leadership Elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith
    University of Huddersfield Repository Hill, Michael The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith Original Citation Hill, Michael (2007) The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/741/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The Leadership Elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith Michael Hill A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Huddersfield Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my father, David Leyland Hill. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisory team: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLITICS of SOVEREIGNTY: BRITAIN and EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION ABSTRACT Raymond Keitch
    THE POLITICS OF SOVEREIGNTY: BRITAIN AND EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION Raymond John Keitch PhD International Relations London School of Economics September 2002 Word Count: 99,987 (with footnotes) 90,965 (without footnotes) 1 UMI Number: U61334B All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U613343 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 OF POLITICAL TutseS F & o $ < %6^-L+O THE POLITICS OF SOVEREIGNTY: BRITAIN AND EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION ABSTRACT Raymond Keitch. PhD International Relations, London School of Economics The thesis examines the interrelationship between conceptions of British sovereignty and European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The central argument advanced is that the multiple discourses of sovereignty generated in the political debate have been a key influence in understanding British government policy on EMU. Before 1997 both Conservative government policy and Labour opposition policy on EMU was marked by an overall “wait and see” approach and a referendum commitment. After 1997 there was a divergence between the “Yes subject to economic tests” policy of the Labour government and the “No for two Parliaments” policy of the Conservative opposition.
    [Show full text]