DOCSLIB.ORG

Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: Distribution, Production, and Historical Changes in Abundance ERRATA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: Distribution, Production, and Historical Changes in Abundance ERRATA United States Office of Marine EPA Re ion 1 Environmental Protection ' and Es?uarine Protection Boston LA Agency Washington DC 20460 Water EPA 50314-88402 September 1988 Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: Distribution, Production, and Historical Changes in Abundance ERRATA for Costa, J.E. 1988. Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: Distribution, Production, and Historical Changes in Abundance, BBP-88-05 - Page 114, the last paragraph should read: These observations do not rule out the possibility that warm temperatures played a role in the 1931-32 decline, but suggest that temperature cannot be the sole factor in causing regional collapses in eelgrass populations. Instead, other unknown factors must be involved. -2 -1 7 Page 26, line 6 should read 107 g C m yr not 10 . EELGRASS IN BUZZARDS BAY: DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL CHANGES IN ABUNDANCE Joseph E. Costa Boston University Marine Program The Buzzards Bay Project is sponsored by The US Environmental Protection Agency and The Hassachusetts Executive Off ice of Environmental Affairs THE BUZZARDS BAY PROJECT US Environmental Protection Agency Massachusetts Executive Office of WQP-2100 Environmental Affairs John F. Kennedy Federal Building 100 Cambridge Street Boston. MA 02203 Boston, MA 02202 FOREWORD In 1984, Buzzards Bay was one of four estuaries in the country chosen to be part of the ~ationalEstuary Program. The Buzzards Bay Project was initiated in 1985 to protect water quality and the health of living resources in the bay by identifying resource management problems, investigating the causes of these problems, and recommending actions that will protect valuable resources from further environmental degradation. This multi-year project, jointly managed by United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, utilizes the efforts of local, state, and federal agencies, the academic community and local interest groups in developing a Master Plan that will ensure an acceptable and sustainable level of environmental quality for Buzzards Bay. The Buzzards Bay Project is focusing on three priority problems: closure of shellfish beds, contamination of fish and shellfish by toxic metals and organic compounds, and high nutrient input and the potential pollutant effects. By early 1990, the Buzzards Bay Project will develop a Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan to address the Project's overall objectives: to develop recommendations for regional water quality management that are based on sound information, to define the regulatory and management structure necessary to implement the recommendations, and to educate and involve the public in formulating and implementing these recommendations. The Buzzards Bay Project has funded a variety of tasks that are intended to improve our understanding of the input, fate and effects of contaminants in coastal waters. The Project will identify and evaluate historic information as well as generate new data to fill information gaps. The results of these Project tasks are published in this Technical Series on Buzzards Bay. This report represents the technical results of an investigation funded by the Buzzards Bay Project. The results and conclusions contained herein are those of the author(s). These conclusions have been reviewed by competent outside reviewers and found to be reasonable and legitimate based on the available data. The Management Committee of the Buzzards Bay Project accepts this report as technically sound and complete. The conclusions do not necessarily represent the recommendations of the Buzzards Bay Project. Final recommendations for resource management actions will be based upon the results of this and other investigations. David Fierra, chairman, Management Committee ~nvironmentai protection ~~enc~ Thomas Bigford National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Steve Bliven Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Leigh Bridges Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Jack Clarke Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission Richard Delaney Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Meriel Hardin Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering Dr. Russell Isaac Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control Dr. Susan Peterson President, Coalition for Buzzards Bay Dr. Don Phelps Environmental Protection Agency Ted Pratt Chairman, Buzzards Bay Citizens Advisory Committee Stephen Smith Southeast Regional Planning and Economic Development District Bruce Tripp Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Acknowledgements The preparation of this report and the analysis of changes in eelgrass abundance at selected areas of Buzzards Bay was funded by the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission as part of a study of Buzzards Bay by the Environmental Protection Agency. This research, however, has a much longer history involving many individuals and organizations. The initial support from this study came from the Lloyd Center for Environmental Studies and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program, Dept. of Commerce, Grant No. NA84AA-D-00033, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Proj. No. R/B-68. The volunteers, assistants, and people contributing to this effort are too numerous to mention, but they have my eternal thanks. Table of contents page Title page i Acknowledg i Table of contents iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... v i List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ ix Executive summary x Overview Introduction 1 General biology and ecology of eelgrass. 2 Chapter 1 The distribution of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in Buzzards Bay Introduction Region wide summary Chapter 2 Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) production in Buzzards Bay Introduction 2 5 Comparison of 26 and adjoining shallow embayments 29 Chapter 3 Evidence for long-term changes in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) abundance in Massachusetts in sediment cores iii Introduction 3 3 Methods 3 5 3 8 49 Chapter 4 Historical Changes in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) abundance in Buzzards Bay: Long term patterns and twelve case histories Introduction 5 2 Factors 5 3 The wasting disease 5 5 Anthropogenic and natural disturbances 5 8 Recolonization and interpreting historical changes 64 6 5 6 7 6 7 74 Clarks Cove and New Bedford 8 0 Nasketucket Bay, Fairhaven 8 5 East Bay, West Island, Fair 8 7 Sippican Harbor, Marion 9 1 Great Neck, Wareham and the Wareham River Estuary 9 3 Buttermilk Bay, Bourne and Wareham 9 6 Megansett Harbor, Bourne and Falmouth 102 Wild Harbor, Falmouth 104 West Falmouth Harbor 104 Waquoit Bay, Falmout 105 Discussion 107 Impa 107 Causes of the disease, the temperature hypothesis 111 General patterns of recolonization 117 Causes for recent declines 119 Chapter 5 Management considerations of eelgrass populations in Massachusetts Resource assessment 122 Federal, state, and local laws 122 Implications of changing eelgrass abundance 125 Future monitoring 126 Mitigation efforts 129 Future management 130 Water quality prot 133 Appendix I Repositories of aerial photographs and nautical charts used in this study. 135 Appendix I1 A detailed description of eelgrass in Buzzards Bay Introduction 13 6 136 139 141 Fairhaven to Brant Island, Mattapoisett 143 Matta~oisettHarbor and vicinity .....,,.................,....... ................ ,,,....... , 145 Hiller Cove, Mattapoisett to Marion 146 Sippican Neck, Ma 147 Great Neck Wareham to Pocasset, Bourne 148 Bourne: Wings Neck to Megansett 150 Falmouth: Meganse 152 Falmouth: Chappaquoit Point to Gunning Point 152 Falmouth: Woods Hole Area 153 Elizabeth Islands 154 Appendix 111--Alphabetized listing of mapped eelgrass beds by town ................... .. ... ....... .............. .. .. .. ............. ......... .... ............... ....................................... .. ......,................. ... ........................... .. ..,. .. ......, ,, ... ... 180 References Cited ............ ...................... ... ..........,... ..............,,.......,......... ,.. .,.. .. .,,.... ... .,,,........, ............ ....., ,. ,. ...,......... ....... 189 List of Figures Figure 0-1. General morphology of Zostera marina. Figure 1-1. Map of Southeastern Massachusetts. Figure 1-2. Percent cover scale. Figure 1-3. Maximum depth (m MLW) parts of Buzzards Bay. Figure 3-1. Location of sediment Bay and Cape Cod. 37 Figure 3-2. Seed densities distribution in Waquoit Bay. 4 1 Figure 3-3. Sediment core eelgrass seed profiles in 4 Bays. .........................42 Figure 3-4. Depth of depositional markers in core WB4. 4 6 Figure 4-1. Site names around the Westport Rivers. 69 Figure 4-2. Changes in eelgrass bed position and f north of Bailey Flat, Westport. 72 Figure 4-3. Map showing site names around Ap So. Dartmouth. 76 Figure 4-4. 78 Figure 4-5. Boats moored or in transit in inner and outer of Apponagansett Bay on four dates during comparable times in the recreational season. 81 Figure 4-6. Dates and locations of former eelgr around New Bedford. 84 Figure 4-7. Eelgrass distribution 1956 and 1981. 86 Figure 4-8. Eelgrass distribution in East Cove of West Island, Fairhaven during four different periods. 89 Figure 4-9. Recent changes in eelgrass
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Activity Budget and Spatial Location of Captive Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla)
    0 1 35 2 3 Activity budget and spatial location of captive Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) Amanda Cheang and Gary Wigman Factors which affect the behavior of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) has been a subject of concern. There have been attempts at making the exhibit of captive gorillas more naturalistic, but zoos still differ from the natural environment with regards to space restriction and structures available. This study investigated the effect of exhibit structure type and the gorillas’ movement and interaction on the activity budget and spatial location of the four captive western lowland gorillas in the Memphis Zoo. Scan sampling was conducted to record the behavior and locations of the gorillas in the exhibit. Any social interaction, initiation of movement and following, and aggression were recorded using behavioral sampling. All four gorillas spent a larger percentage of scans out in the exhibit than in the indoor enclosure. The most common behavior for the four gorillas was resting. The females differed in the percent of initiation of movement (from 13.9% to 47.2%, not including the male). Two female gorillas were found to have a difference in the frequency of time spent in the open area versus in areas close to walls, structures and trees, spending more time in the latter. When looking at the location used for resting, two gorillas spent a larger percentage of scans resting in areas close to walls, structures and trees than in the open. The other two gorillas had no difference in the location used for resting. The results of this study provide insight into the effect of exhibit structures on the spatial location and activity of captive gorillas in an exhibit.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Cape Cod Water Health Report and Action Plan Association to Preserve Cape Cod Website
    State of the Waters: Cape Cod : 2020 Cape Cod Water Health Report, Action Plan and Atlas of Water Restoration Needs and Solutions State of the Waters: Cape Cod 2020 Cape Cod Water Health Report and Action Plan Association to Preserve Cape Cod Website: https://capecodwaters.org July 28, 2020 Prepared by: Andrew Gottlieb, Jo Ann Muramoto, Ph.D., Jordanne Feldman, Kristin Andres, Don Keeran and Kevin Johnson 1. Introduction The State of the Waters: Cape Cod is an annual assessment of the Cape’s water quality, designed to help you understand the water quality problems that we face and the actions that are needed to address these problems. The Association to Preserve Cape Cod (APCC) launched this project in 2019 in order to answer the question: “How healthy are Cape Cod’s waters?” This website is the place to find out about the Cape’s water quality and what can be done to address water pollution and achieve clean water. For this multi-year project, APCC collected existing data on water quality on Cape Cod for the purpose of determining the health of Cape Cod’s waters. APCC evaluated water quality in coastal waters (saltwater), freshwater ponds and lakes, and public drinking water supplies. APCC used existing methods to score water quality and used the scores to distinguish between degraded surface waters where immediate action is needed to improve water quality vs. surface waters with acceptable quality where ongoing protection is needed to avoid any decline in quality. The results are summarized in this annual water health report. To guide public action, APCC prepared a Water Action Plan that contains recommendations for changes in policies, actions, and regulations to improve and protect our waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Owner's List (As of 10/26/2020)
    Property Owner's List (As of 10/26/2020) MAP/LOT OWNER ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP CODE PROP LOCATION I01/ 1/ / / LEAVITT, DONALD M & PAINE, TODD S 828 PARK AV BALTIMORE MD 21201 55 PINE ISLAND I01/ 1/A / / YOUNG, PAUL F TRUST; YOUNG, RUTH C TRUST 14 MITCHELL LN HANOVER NH 03755 54 PINE ISLAND I01/ 2/ / / YOUNG, PAUL F TRUST; YOUNG, RUTH C TRUST 14 MITCHELL LN HANOVER NH 03755 51 PINE ISLAND I01/ 3/ / / YOUNG, CHARLES FAMILY TRUST 401 STATE ST UNIT M501 PORTSMOUTH NH 03801 49 PINE ISLAND I01/ 4/ / / SALZMAN FAMILY REALTY TRUST 45-B GREEN ST JAMAICA PLAIN MA 02130 46 PINE ISLAND I01/ 5/ / / STONE FAMILY TRUST 36 VILLAGE RD APT 506 MIDDLETON MA 01949 43 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/ / / VASSOS, DOUGLAS K & HOPE-CONSTANCE 220 LOWELL RD WELLESLEY HILLS MA 02481-2609 41 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/A / / VASSOS, DOUGLAS K & HOPE-CONSTANCE 220 LOWELL RD WELLESLEY HILLS MA 02481-2609 PINE ISLAND I01/ 6/B / / KERNER, GERALD 317 W 77TH ST NEW YORK NY 10024-6860 38 PINE ISLAND I01/ 7/ / / KERNER, LOUISE G 317 W 77TH ST NEW YORK NY 10024-6860 36 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/A / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 23 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/B / / MCCUNE, STEVEN; MCCUNE, HENRY CRANE; 5 EMERY RD SALEM NH 03079 26 PINE ISLAND I01/ 8/C / / MCCUNE, STEVEN; MCCUNE, HENRY CRANE; 5 EMERY RD SALEM NH 03079 33 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/ / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 21 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/A / / 2012 PINE ISLAND TRUST C/O CLK FINANCIAL INC COHASSET MA 02025 17 PINE ISLAND I01/ 9/B / / FLYNN, MICHAEL P & LOUISE E 16 PINE ISLAND MEREDITH NH
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Anadromous Fish Passage in Coastal Massachusetts
    Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report TR-16 A Survey of Anadromous Fish Passage in Coastal Massachusetts Part 2. Cape Cod and the Islands K. E. Reback, P. D. Brady, K. D. McLaughlin, and C. G. Milliken Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Department of Fish and Game Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Commonwealth of Massachusetts Technical Report Technical May 2004 Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report TR-16 A Survey of Anadromous Fish Passage in Coastal Massachusetts Part 2. Cape Cod and the Islands Kenneth E. Reback, Phillips D. Brady, Katherine D. McLauglin, and Cheryl G. Milliken Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Southshore Field Station 50A Portside Drive Pocasset, MA May 2004 Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Paul Diodati, Director Department of Fish and Game Dave Peters, Commissioner Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Ellen Roy-Herztfelder, Secretary Commonwealth of Massachusetts Mitt Romney, Governor TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 2: Cape Cod and the Islands Acknowledgements . iii Abstract . iv Introduction . 1 Materials and Methods . 1 Life Histories . 2 Management . 4 Cape Cod Watersheds . 6 Map of Towns and Streams . 6 Stream Survey . 8 Cape Cod Recommendations . 106 Martha’s Vineyard Watersheds . 107 Map of Towns and Streams . 107 Stream Survey . 108 Martha’s Vineyard Recommendations . 125 Nantucket Watersheds . 126 Map of Streams . 126 Stream Survey . 127 Nantucket Recommendations . 132 General Recommendations . 133 Alphabetical Index of Streams . 134 Alphabetical Index of Towns . .. 136 Appendix 1: List of Anadromous Species in MA . 138 Appendix 2: State River Herring Regulations . 139 Appendix 3: Fishway Designs and Examples . 140 Appendix 4: Abbreviations Used . 148 ii Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following people for their assistance in carrying out this survey and for sharing their knowledge of the anadromous fish resources of the Commonwealth: Brian Creedon, Tracy Curley, Jack Dixon, George Funnell, Steve Kennedy, Paul Montague, Don St.
    [Show full text]
  • TOWN of MASHPEE BLUE PAGES a Citizens’ Guide to Protecting Cape Cod Waters
    TOWN OF MASHPEE BLUE PAGES A Citizens’ Guide to Protecting Cape Cod Waters Shannon Cushing, Grade 11 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This information is reprinted from the Island Blue Pages, courtesy of the Martha’s Vineyard Shellfish Group and the WampanoagThis information Tribe ofis Aquinnah.reprinted from For the a complete Island Blue version Pages of, courtesy the Island of theBlue Martha’s Pages, visit Vineyard the website Shellfish www.islandbluepages.org Group and the . or contactWampanoag tbe Martha’s Tribe Vineyardof Aquinnah. Shellfish For a Groupcomplete at 508version-693-0391. of the TheIsland Island Blue BluePages Pages, visit isthe an website adaptation, www.islandbluepages.org with permission, of the. or Pugetcontact Soundbook tbe Martha’s, a game Vineyard plan for Shellfish maintaining Group the at health508-693-0391. of our sister The Island estuary Blue on Pagesthe West is an Coast. adaptation, To learn with more permission, about the of the Puget Soundbook, a game plan for maintaining the health of our sister estuary on the West Coast. To learn more about the original project and the inspiration for the Blue Pages, visit www.forsea.org/pugetsoundbook/ original project and the inspiration for the Blue Pages, visit www.forsea.org/pugetsoundbook/ Thanks to Jim Kolb and Diane Bressler, the creators of the Puget Soundbook, which continues to inspire us with its words and Thanks to Jim Kolb and Diane Bressler, the creators of the Puget Soundbook, which continues to inspire us with its words and illustrations. illustrations. The Town of Mashpee, with permission, undertook the task of adapting the Orleans Blue Pages to reflect conditions specific to The Town of Mashpee, with permission, undertook the task of adapting the Orleans Blue Pages to reflect conditions specific to Mashpee.
    [Show full text]
  • E. Fisheries and Wildlife
    E. Fisheries and Wildlife Until recent decades, the vast majority of Mashpee’s territory was the domain not of man, but of beast. Our woods were only occasionally broken by a roadway, or a few homes, or a farmer’s fields. The hunting was good. Our clear lakes were famous for their fishing. Our streams flowed clean to pristine coastal bays teeming with fish and shellfish that helped feed and support many families. Much has changed with the explosive development of the last fifty years, and much of our wildlife has disappeared along with the natural habitat that supported it. However, much remains for our enjoyment and safekeeping. In this section we will look at Mashpee’s fish and shellfish, its mammals, birds and insects, important wildlife movement corridors and those species living in our town which are among the last of their kind. 1. Finfish Mashpee hosts four types of fin fisheries: fresh water ponds, rivers and streams, estuaries and coastal ponds and the open ocean. Our four large ponds provide some of the best fishing in the state. 203-acre Ashumet Pond, 317- acre Johns Pond and 729-acre Mashpee-Wakeby Pond are all cold water fisheries stocked with brown, brook and rainbow trout. In the last century, such famous anglers as Daniel Webster, President Grover Cleveland and the famous actor Joseph Jefferson looked forward to their fishing expeditions to Mashpee, while local residents looked forward to the income provided serving as guides to those and other wealthy gentlemen. Ashumet and Johns Ponds are also noted for their smallmouth bass, while Mashpee-Wakeby provides not only the smallmouth, but also chain pickerel, white perch and yellow perch.
    [Show full text]
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2019 Summer Student Fellows Research Projects
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2019 Summer Student Fellows Research Projects Ashley Arroyo, University of Massachusetts Rising Temperatures, Falling Isopycnals and Decreasing AOU: The Story of Abyssal Property Change at 24°S in the Atlantic (2009-2018) Advisors: Alison Macdonald and Sachiko Yoshida, Physical Oceanography Melissa Baldino, Duke University Quantifying ecosystem structure and services provided by tropical seaweed farms Advisor: Hauke Kite-Powell, Marine Policy Center Samuel Bartusek, Princeton University The role of coastal ocean surface fluxes during landfalling Atmospheric Rivers Advisors: Hyodae Seo and Caroline Ummenhofer, Physical Oceanography Laura Blum, Middlebury College Microbial drivers of nitrogen metabolism: Searching Tara Oceans metagenomes Advisors: Harriet Alexander and Maria Pachiadaki, Biology Gregory Burgess, United States Naval Academy Got Ice? A Statistical Approach to Marking Sea Ice and Atmospheric Conditions with a Low- Powered Imaging Sonar Advisor: Richard Camilli, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Mary Burnam, University of Georgia Investigation of Ocean Flows using Remotely Sensed (Drone) Videos of the Sea Surface Analyzed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Advisors: Britt Raubenheimer and Steve Elgar, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Siyuan-Sean Chen, University of Bristol Insights into Cycling of 231Pa and 230Th in Benthic Nepheloid Layers of the Western North Atlantic Ocean Advisor: Olivier Marchal, Geology and Geophysics Solomon Chen, University of Hawai'i at Manoa PhRePhOx:
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge
    HOW WE GOT HERE: The History of the Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge By the Friends of the Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge The Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge encompasses nearly 6,000 acres that protects important natural areas and a great diversity of wildlife habitat. Established in 1995, this unique refuge is owned by federal, state, town, and private conservation groups who share a common goal of conserving nature for the continued benefit of wildlife and people. PREFACE National Wildlife Refuges are valuable assets in a variety • Located in the towns of Mashpee and Falmouth, of ways. They provide a window into past cultures and with 6000 acres, it is the Cape’s second largest open, untouched landscapes while preserving these resources accessible conservation land, behind only the National well into the future, furthering the continuum. Refuges Seashore. sustain necessary wildlife habitats and resources critical in their seasonal needs for foraging, raising young, • It was named after the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, and avoiding predators to live yet another day. These “the people of the first light.” preserved landscapes purify water and air providing yet another valuable service. Likewise, for humans, refuges • It is unique within the National Wildlife Refuge offer solitude in our daily lives and, as the name implies, System in that it is the ONLY refuge that is managed are a great place to view wildlife too. cooperatively by eight conservation landowners and the Friends organization: a consortium of federal, state, I grew up in Minnesota, where we often headed to a tribal, private, & nonprofit. It’s the model for future local refuge in the spring to witness one of the most refuges.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
    Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Eelgrass Thesis Part 4
    Chapter 4 Historical Changes in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) abundance in Buzzards Bay: Long term patterns and twelve case histories Introduction During the 1930's, the "wasting disease" destroyed virtually all eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) along the coasts of eastern North America and Europe (Rasmussen, 1977). Recovery by eelgrass populations from this catastrophic disturbance was slow and took 30 or more years in most areas (den Hartog, 1987). Superimposed on this long term cycle of collapse and recovery are more recent, local, short and long-term losses of eelgrass due to declining water quality, storms, dredging, shellfishing, and other sources (Orth and Moore, 1983b. Kemp et al., 1983; Thayer et al., 1975). Too often, documentation of declines and recolonization of eelgrass have been qualitative and this has hindered an understanding of the mechanisms or relative importance of different disturbances on eelgrass distribution and abundance. To understand or predict the impact of these disturbances, it is necessary to have data of present-day eelgrass cover, historical changes, or data from comparable areas. The main objective of thispaper is to document long-term changes in eelgrass abundance in areas of Buzzards Bay that have had different histories of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. From this information, inferences can be made on the relative impact and return time of eelgrass populations impacted by disturbances of different scale and intensity. Because the effects of the wasting disease were so longlasting, and because new outbreaks of the disease have been reported, I also reassess the causes and impact of the wasting disease in Buzzards Bay. In particular I examine the relevance of the temperature hypothesis to this and earlier declines in eelgrass populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Quashnet River Wildlife Management Area
    !! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !P ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !P ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !P ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! QUASHNET! WOODS STATE RESERVATION ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! P ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! QUASHNET! RIVER! WMA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! P! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MASHPEE! PINE BARRENS WMA ! ! ! ! ! ! P ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !P! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CE ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! BOURNE SANDWICH ! ! ! ! MASHPEE BARNSTABLE FALMOUTH http://www.mass.gov/dfw QUASHNET RIVER 0 1,000 2,000 Feet WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA Falmouth, MA.) ! ! ! ¯ ! ! ! ! ! ! !P Parking Right of Way ! WMA Boundary ! Surrounding WMAs Boundary between land CE Conservation Easement held by held
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Water-Quality Characteristics Affecting Trout-Spawning Habitat in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
    PHYSICAL AND WATER-QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING TROUT-SPAWNING HABITAT IN THE QUASHNET RIVER, CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS By Yvonne Halpern Baevsky U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4045 Prepared in cooperation with the MASHPEE WATER DISTRICT Marlborough, Massachusetts 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information, write to: Copies can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts Office Books and Open-File Reports Section Water Resources Division Federal Center, Bldg. 810 U.S. Geological Survey Box 25425 28 Lord Rd., Suite 926 Denver, CO 80225 Marlborough, MA 01752 CONTENTS Page Abstract .................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................. 2 Purpose and scope .......................................... 4 Description of study area .................................... 4 Previous investigations ...................................... 6 Study methods ............................................. 6 Acknowledgments .......................................... 7 Physical characteristics of the river .............................. 7 Water-quality characteristics ................................... 12 Temperature .............................................. 12 Dissolved-oxygen concentration ............................... 15 Hydrogen-ion concentration .................................. 16 Specific conductance .......................................
    [Show full text]