DOCSLIB.ORG

The Italian Armed Forces in a Revolutionary Era: “Transforming While Operating”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Italian Armed Forces in a Revolutionary Era: “Transforming While Operating” THE ITALIAN ARMED FORCES IN A REVOLUTIONARY ERA: “TRANSFORMING WHILE OPERATING” 1 EEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN –– RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN Key events transform evolution into revolution 2 TTHHEE CCAAUUSSEESS OOFF TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN -- 11 • Increasing gap between the developed and the underdeveloped world • Loss of fundamental values 3 TTHHEE CCAAUUSSEESS OOFF TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN -- 22 • Digital divide • Information Technology explosion 4 TTHHEE CCAAUUSSEESS OOFF TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN -- 33 • Globalisation 5 TTHHEE CCAAUUSSEESS OOFF TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN -- 44 Loss of sovereignty Moving towards wider Decay of state and differentiated supra- capabilities to handle nation-aggregations (UN, citizens’ lives as well as EU, NATO, ASEAN inter-state relations MERCOSUR, NAFTA) (“bad governance” and failing states) 6 THE GLOBALISED CORE AND THE DISCONNECTED GAP 7 TTHHEE RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN OOFF TTHHEE SSEECCUURRIITTYY SSCCEENNAARRIIOO Crises occurring in the interaction area between the globalised core and the disconnected gap 8 SSTTRRAATTEEGGIICC TTRREENNDDSS Resources Social Military Defence & Security Implications Science & Political technology 9 WORLD AREAS OF FUTURE POTENTIAL STRESS Riparian areas risks Water shortage Demographic stress Scarcity of food resources 10 CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN && TTRREENNDDSS CCOONNCCEEPPTTUUAALL RREESSPPOONNSSEE • Increasing importance of the International Organisations • Security = internal & external «continuum» • Holistic approach = Multilateralism + Continuum 11 CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN && TTRREENNDDSS TTHHEE SSTTRRAATTEEGGYY Pro-active attitude Multilateral and multidisciplinary stabilising action & cooperation towards the disconnected gap Synergy between the political, diplomatic, social-economic initiatives supported, when and as necessary, by the military component Transforming the tools at our disposal in order to optimise their use and effect 12 CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN && TTRREENNDDSS TTHHEE NNEEWW MMIILLIITTAARRYY AAPPPPRROOAACCHH Effect EBO Based Operations soldier (EBO) Cultural revolution 13 IITTAALLIIAANN AARRMMEEDD FFOORRCCEESS FFAACCIINNGG TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT RREEVVOOLLUUTTIIOONN && TTRREENNDDSS “Transforming while operating” 14 ““TTRRAANNSSFFOORRMMIINNGG WWHHIILLEE OOPPEERRAATTIINNGG”” •The operational commitments are the catalysts of the transformation •“Operations and transformation” are cause-effect linked in the development process of the future military instrument •Transformation is a vital process for the Italian Armed Forces’ future 15 “OPERATING” CURRENT COMMITMENTS • Daily average of 8.000 personnel deployed in overseas missions with peaks of more than 11.500 in the recent past • One of the major troops contributor for the UN, EU, NATO and multinational operations • As a consequence of our relevant effort Italian Officers and Italian-led HQ have been and are currently leading international missions 16 CURRENT COMMITMENTS: SUPPORTING STABILISING ACTION JOINT ENTERPRISE NATO HQ UE ALTHEA NATO HQ NATO ISAF KOSOVO SKOPIE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA SARAJEVO AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA 2 UNMOGIP ALBANIA INDIA-PAKISTAN DIE ALBANIA UNIFIL LEBANON NATO HQ TIRANA NTM (I) BAGHDAD UNMIK KOSOVO EUBAM EUPM GAZA BOSNIA UNTSO MINURSO MIDDLE EAST MOROCCO TIPH 2 EUPOL PALESTINE CONGO ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR MIATM AMIS MFO UNFICYP MEDITERRANEAN SEA MALTA SUDAN EGYPT CYPRU1S7 OPERATIONAL COMMITMENTS CONCLUDED IN THE RECENT PAST 18 BBAALLKKAANNSS AANNDD MMEEDDIITTEERRRRAANNEEAANN ““CCLLOOSSEERR AARREEAA”” Strong contribution to: • multinational missions (UN, EU, NATO) for post-crisis reconstruction and peace-keeping • increase of cooperation initiatives mainly on multilateral basis 19 CURRENT COMMITMENTS MIDDLE EAST - LEBANON • Achievement of UN Res.1701’s goals • Italian Commander of UNIFIL • Pozzuolo B.de currently committed in the AOO to support Lebanese armed forces will handover to Folgore B.de • Interim Maritime Force in the initial stage ~~22..550000 20 CURRENT COMMITMENTS RAFAH Italian leadership and contribution to the EU mission to monitor the Rafah border. 21 CURRENT COMMITMENTS MIDDLE EAST UNFICYP CYPRUS UNTSO EGYPT, ISRAEL, LEBANON, SYRIA MFO EGYPT TIPH 2 PALESTINE 22 CCUURRRREENNTT CCOOMMMMIITTMMEENNTTSS BBAALLKKAANNSS EEUU M MOONNITITOORRININGG MMISISSSIOIONN NNAATTOO KKFFOORR EEUUFFOORR EEUU P POOLLICICEE MMISISSSIOIONN Pristina KOSOVO NNAATTOO H HQQ SSaarraajejevvoo - NATO HQ Tirana - NATO HQ Tirana - NATO HQ Skopje -- 2288°°NNaavvaall GGrr.. - NATO HQ Skopje -- DDIIEE TTIIRRAANNAA --EEUU P PRROOXXIMIMAA 33..110000 23 CURRENT COMMITMENTS NATO “ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR” NATO MARITIME COMPONENT COMMANDER NEAPLES Maritime operations to prevent or counter terrorism coming from or conducted at sea and all illegality possibly connected 24 IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL CCOOOOPPEERRAATTIIOONN IINN TTHHEE EENNLLAARRGGEEDD MMEEDDIITTEERRRRAANNEEAANN RREEGGIIOONN Support to: •NATO PfP and Mediterranean Dialogue Initiatives •EU Barcelona Process 25 VV--RRMMTTCC VVIIRRTTUUAALL RREEGGIIOONNAALL MMAARRIITTIIMMEE TTRRAAFFFFIICC CCEENNTTEERR MMAARRIITTIIMMEE SSEECCUURRIITTYY IINN TTHHEE MMEEDDIITTEERRRRAANNEEAANN AANNDD IINN TTHHEE BBLLAACCKK SSEEAA IINNIITTIIAATTIIVVEE • Network linking together the Navies’ operational centres in order to allow the exchange of information about the merchant traffic for the maritime security • CINCNAV acting as the information collection and distribution centre • 15 participating countries 26 TTEECCHHNNIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNCCEE AANNDD CCOOOOPPEERRAATTIIOONN MMIISSSSIIOONNSS ALBANIA • Technical assistance mission – Tirana • 28° Naval Group - Durres ~70 MALTA • Technical assistance mission ~40 27 ““FFAARRTTHHEERR AARREEAA”” Strong contribution to: • multinational operations • transition to post-crisis reconstruction activities Strengthening cooperation principally on a bilateral basis 28 CCUURRRREENNTT CCOOMMMMIITTMMEENNTTSS AAFFGGHHAANNIISSTTAANN ~2.100 Karshi Khanabad BADAKHSHAN STASGhirEKha n1 Keleft Balkh Jeyretan BALKH KKUUNNDDUUZZ FFEEYYZZAABBAAEDsDhkashem JOWZJAN Taloqan TAKHAR MAZAMRaz-Ear-e Konduz MSaAr-e ZPoAl R-E Baghlan STAGE 2 ShaSraimfangan SSHHAARRIIFFSAMANGAN MMAAiiMMAANNAA SAR-E POL PolB-Be KAAhoGGmrHHi LLAANN ARYAB F BAGPHLaArNwan KONAR Qal eh-ye Now LAGHMAN QQAALBLAAADG--HEEIS--NNAAWW Bamyan KEPIGA BBAAMMIIAANN Charikar Bagram Asadabad CHANGHCHARAN PARVAN Herat ChaghcChHaAraNnGHCHARAN PPAARRWWAANN KabKualbul AASSAADDAABBAADD VARDAK LOWGAR HERT HHEERRAATT GHOWR JJAALLAALLAABBAADD Baraki ORUZGAN BG, Support Unit & Air Shindand STAGE 4 Baghran FFAARRAAHH GHAZNI Farah Deh Rawod GHAZNI OrgunKK-HeHOOWWSSTT component in Kabul SSHHAARRAANNAA PAKTIKA ZABOL GGAARRShDDkEEinZZ Delaram Regional Commander TGTaAArmRRabIaINNk KKOOWWTT Geresk QALAT HGELMeArNeDsk QALAT NATO PRTs West Area Zaranj KKAANNDDAAHHAARR LASHKAR GAHKANDAHASRpin Boldak Herat PRT NIMRUZ LASHKAR GAH Coalition PRTs/FSB HHEELLMMAANNDD Current PRTs FSB contribution FSB STAGE 3 Jacobabad 29 Shamsi NNAATTOO TTRRAAIINNIINNGG MMIISSSSIIOONN IIRRAAQQ • Iraqi Security Forces training program • Possible future training initiative for civilian police ~3300 30 CCUURRRREENNTT CCOOMMMMIITTMMEENNTTSS IINN AAFFRRIICCAA MINURSO AMIS EU supporting action Western Sahara Darfur Sudan EUPOL KINSHASA Congo 31 AAIIRRLLIIFFTT SSUUPPPPOORRTT FFOORR EEXXPPEEDDIITTIIOONNAARRYY OOPPEERRAATTIIOONNSS Kabul 3-4 h 6-7 h 4-5 h 46th Air Detachment Al Bateen – Abu Dhabi 32 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Co-operation agreements signed with 61 Countries 33 ““TTRRAANNSSFFOORRMMIINNGG”” • The current Italian Armed Forces capabilities are a consequence of the transformation started in the recent past and that has involved all sectors • The revolution of the security scenarios and the foreseeable trends calls for an acceleration of the transformation 34 TRANSFORMATION’S GOALS ACHIEVED • Reform of the military leadership • Joint Operational structures (HQ EU capable, Intelligence Centre and Special Operations HQ) • Availability of expeditionary command structures and task forces for NATO and EU rapid reaction forces • Fully professional Armed Forces • Reform of the Carabinieri • European Gendarmerie Force (FR, IT, NL, PO, SP) 35 TRANSFORMATION: KEY OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES • Expeditionary • Interoperability (joint and combined) • Logistic sustainability • C4-ISTAR in net-centric environment • Availability of high-readiness JFHQ and forces • Usability • Precision and lethality of engagement • Survivability and force protection 36 TTHHEE KKEEYY RROOLLEE OOFF TTHHEE HHIIGGHH RREEAADDIINNEESSSS FFOORRCCEESS • Strong indicator of the level of multinational integration and interoperability we have reached • Fundamental to the effective multinational approach at the military operational level 37 CONTRIBUTION TO NATO NRF • Deployable Headquarters • Land Forces: up to 1 Brigade including CS and CSS • Maritime Forces: up to 1 CV, 6 units and LF Bn • Air Forces: up to 15 aircraft plus Air Defence and Logistic assets • MSU: up to 1 Bn HQ and 2 Coys • Special Forces Teams 38 CONTRIBUTION TO EUROPEAN MULTINATIONAL FORCES EU RAPID REACTION FORCES • 3 Battle Groups: - National Land Heavy - Multinational Land Heavy (MLF framework with Hungary and Slovenia) - Multinational Amphibious (Spanish Italian Amphibious Force framework plus Portugal and Greece) • COI as Operational Headquarters EUROPEAN MULTINATIONAL FORCES • EUROFOR & EUROMARFOR (with FR, PO and SP) • EUROGENDFOR (with FR, NL, PO and SP) 39 CLOSING REMARKS • … ambitious but vital transformation • ... coherent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Academic Studies for Officers
    University VIENNA and National Defense Academy VIENNA Academic Studies for Officers A Central European Perspective (Presentations of the First International Conference in Vienna, 15 – 19 March 1999) Published by Brigadier-General Gernot ALBRECHT Vienna, April 2001 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS WOLFGANG GREISENEGGER..................................................3 Welcome Address......................................................................................3 ERNEST KÖNIG..........................................................................5 Welcome Address......................................................................................5 GERNOT ALBRECHT .................................................................9 Opening Statement....................................................................................9 ARMIN A. STEINKAMM ............................................................10 The Bundeswehr University [UDBW]..................................................10 JÖRG E. P. KELLER.................................................................17 Academic Officer Training within and for the Armed Forces – a German Perspective ....................................................................................................................17 BEAT A. KÄCH .........................................................................32 The Swiss Military College ....................................................................32 ALTERO FASANO.....................................................................43
    [Show full text]
  • Defence Policy in the Italian Republic: Frames and Issues
    UNISCI Discussion Papers, Nº 25 (January / Enero 2011) ISSN 1696-2206 DEFENCE POLICY IN THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: FRAMES AND ISSUES Nicola Labanca 1 University of Siena Abstract: The article focuses on the civil-military relations in Republican Italy. The new democratic model of relations between the political authorities and the military had a strong continuity in the past. Also, in the new Republic the Armed Forces enjoyed a large degree of autonomy. Different phases can be identified in the history of Italian defence policy. In the reconstruction phase (1945-48), the General Staff decided to have again a big Army, based more on quantity than quality. The membership of NATO and the hardest period of the Cold War (1949-53) greatly accelerated the transformation of Italian Armed Forces. Some scepticism against limitations that NATO posed to national autonomy were overcome by the consciousness that the Alliance provided conspicuous means and allowed to abolish the military limitations of the 1947 Peace Treaty. In the years 1954-62, the Armed Forces had to scale down previous expectations, but at the same time, modernized quickly thanks to US aid. The Army was the first beneficiary, then the Air Force and finally (in 1958) the Navy. This was for two reasons: the Navy was the service in best conditions at the end of the war, while Soviet threat in the Mediterranean was at a low level. However, the Army still relied mainly on numbers, with a low number of armoured and motorized units. In these years, Italy also inaugurated its nuclear military policy. From the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s, the Armed Forces started a “ristrutturazione” (“restructuration”) required by the new NATO strategy of flexible response, which accelerated in the years 1975-78.
    [Show full text]
  • THE TRANSFORMATION of the ARMED FORCES: the FORZA NEC PROGRAM Michele Nones,Alessandro Marrone
    ISSN 2239-2122 5 Information Technology (IT) has had and will continue to have a deep impact on the T IAI Research Papers defence sector. The most advanced countries, not only the U.S. but also France, Great HE The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or Britain and Italy, over the past few years have undergone a transformation of their TRANSFORMATION more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- N. 1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, THE TRANSFORMATION Armed Forces aimed at exploiting the strategic advantages of IT. national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and The goal pursued in Europe, and also promoted by NATO, is Network Enabled N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, Capability (NEC). That is combining equipment and soldiers, as well as dierent OF THE ARMED FORCES trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 doctrinal, procedural, technical and organizational elements, into a single network to : obtain their interaction in order to achieve substantial strategic superiority. In OF N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, practice, this also occurs with a strong, ecient and secure telecommunications THE A non-prot organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinelli, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 THE ORZA PROGRAM network, and through the netcentric modernization of Armed Forces’ capability and F NEC ARMED its rst director.
    [Show full text]
  • SHAPING NATIONAL ROLE ABROAD: ITALIAN MILITARY MISSIONS SINCE the EIGHTIES Gianluca Pastori
    UNISCI Discussion Papers, Nº 25 (January / Enero 2011) ISSN 1696-2206 SHAPING NATIONAL ROLE ABROAD: ITALIAN MILITARY MISSIONS SINCE THE EIGHTIES Gianluca Pastori 1 Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Abstract: Since late Seventies/early Eighties, military missions abroad have been a key element in Italian foreign and security policy. Traditionally discharged in a more or less tight multinational framework, they have been the instrument that the country has adopted to assert its international role and pursue – in the different geopolitical contexts – what it perceived to be its core national interests. After the Cold War, this instrument underwent some dramatic changes, due to both domestic and international factors. In recent years, military missions abroad in some instances (as Iraq) have become a deeply divisive element in the domestic political debate, but in most cases have been supported by large majorities in Parliament, albeit with differences on the tactics employed. However, even in the new strategic environment they seem to have maintained their role. This provides the country with good international visibility, due to a good degree of operational excellence. Keywords: Italian Armed Forces, NATO, Military Missions Abroad Resumen: Desde finales de los años 70 principio de los 80, las misiones militares al extranjero han sido vistas como un elemento clave en la política exterior italiana y en su política de seguridad. Tradicionalmente imbricadas en un marco institucional más o menos firme de carácter multinacional, han sido el instrumento que este país ha elegido para imponer su papel internacional y conseguir (en diferentes contextos internacionales) lo que se ha percibido como sus intereses nacionales más vitales.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Something Is Wrong with Our Army…' Command, Leadership & Italian
    Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies ‘Something is wrong with our army…’ Command, Leadership & Italian Military Failure in the First Libyan Campaign, 1940-41. Dr. Craig Stockings There is no question that the First Libyan Campaign of 1940-41 was an Italian military disaster of the highest order. Within hours of Mussolini’s declaration of war British troops began launching a series of very successful raids by air, sea and land in the North African theatre. Despite such early setbacks a long-anticipated Italian invasion of Egypt began on 13 September 1940. After three days of ponderous and costly advance, elements of the Italian 10th Army halted 95 kilometres into Egyptian territory and dug into a series of fortified camps southwest of the small coastal village of Sidi Barrani. From 9-11 December, these camps were attacked by Western Desert Force (WDF) in the opening stages of Operation Compass – the British counter-offensive against the Italian invasion. Italian troops not killed or captured in the rout that followed began a desperate and disjointed withdrawal back over the Libyan border, with the British in pursuit. The next significant engagement of the campaign was at the port-village Bardia, 30 kilometres inside Libya, in the first week of 1941. There the Australian 6 Division, having recently replaced 4 Indian Division as the infantry component of WDF (now renamed 13 Corps), broke the Italian fortress and its 40,000 defenders with few casualties. The feat was repeated at the port of Tobruk, deeper into Libya, when another 27,000 Italian prisoners were taken.
    [Show full text]
  • Costs of Non-Europe in the Defence Field
    THE COSTS OF NON‐EUROPE IN THE DEFENCE FIELD Author: Valerio Briani Research Director: Giancarlo Chevallard April 2013 CENTRE FOR STUDIES ON FEDERALISM ISTITUTO AFFARI INTERNAZIONALI Via Real Collegio, 30 Via Angelo Brunetti, 9 10024 Moncalieri (TO)‐ Italy 00186 Roma ‐ Italy Tel.: +39 011.6705024 Tel.: +39 06.3224360 Fax: +39 011.6705081 Fax: +39 06.3224363 www.csfederalismo.it www.iai.it [email protected] [email protected] 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, sponsored by the Centro Studi sul Federalismo (CSF) and the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), aims to provide a clear and concise assessment of the costs incurred by Europe because of the lack of integration in the defence sector, and to show how maintaining purely national defence structures is strategically damaging and economically unsustainable. Our goal is to provide policy makers and the general public with a useful tool for decoding the complex realm of European defence thus contributing, as far as we can, to the process of integration in the sector. The costs created by the lack of an integrated continental defence or, in other words, the costs of “non‐Europe” in the defence field, can be traced back to two large categories of factors. The first category is related to the lack of integration of EU Member States’ military structures. European military forces abroad operate almost exclusively within multinational contingents, but continue to be structured and managed on a national basis. Even the costs of EU missions are split mostly on a national basis just as soldiers are trained and organized nationally: similarly, weapons systems and platforms are developed, purchased and maintained at the national level.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces
    SSR PAPER 7 Mapping Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces Albrecht Schnabel and Marc Krupanski DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 7 Mapping Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces Albrecht Schnabel and Marc Krupanski DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. SSR Papers is a flagship DCAF publication series intended to contribute innovative thinking on important themes and approaches relating to Security Sector Reform (SSR) in the broader context of Security Sector Governance (SSG). Papers provide original and provocative analysis on topics that are directly linked to the challenges of a governance‐driven security sector reform agenda. SSR Papers are intended for researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners involved in this field. ISBN 978‐92‐9222‐228‐4 © 2012 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EDITORS Alan Bryden & Heiner Hänggi PRODUCTION Yury Korobovsky COPY EDITOR Cherry Ekins COVER IMAGE ©Bundeswehr/Rott. Soldiers of the German armed forces and members of the Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW) secure a dam in an operation to protect against flooding in the Pechau area of the city of Magdeburg at the river Elbe The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or represented within this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative European Defence System
    Food for thought 02-2019 Possibilities and Challenges to the Creation of a Cooperative European Defence System AN EXPERTISE FORUM CONTRIBUTING TO EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTING TO FORUM AN EXPERTISE SINCE 1953 ARMIES INTEROPERABILITY European Army Interoperability Center This paper was drawn up by M. Francesco Pettinari, European Defence Researcher, under the supervision and guidance of the Head of the Permanent Secretariat. This Food for Thought paper is a document that gives an initial reflection on the theme. The content is not reflecting the positions of the member states, but consists of elements that can initiate and feed the discussions and analyses in the domain of the theme. It was drafted by the Permanent Secretariat of Finabel. INTRODUCTION The European security environment has been sented by an approach to military cooperation subject to a large amount of changes within among countries which has the potential to the last two decades. For this reason, the crea- be a ‘game changer’ for the future of Europe- tion of a structured European defence system an defence. NATO launched this initiative in has become a primary necessity for Europe- 2014: The Framework Nations’ Concept. an states. Being involved in a highly volatile security environment and facing a myriad of This paper aims to give an overview of the economic, political, and practical problems, current status of the cooperative system for European countries started to understand guaranteeing European security and defence, that the only way to form a structure that addressing the essential requirements for the could give them sufficient means to guarantee creation of an effective system, the principal their security must be cooperative in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Italian Fighter Aircraft in Crisis Management Operations: Trends and Needs V
    ISSN 2239-2122 16 IAI Research Papers T HE N. 1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, edited by Italian combat aircraft have played an increasing important role in the R OLE The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 international missions in which Italy has participated in the post-Cold War era OF more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- – from the First Gulf War to Libya, including Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, edited by Raaello Matarazzo, I TALIAN THE ROLE OF ITALIAN 2011 Afghanistan. This participation has been a signicant tool of Italy's defense national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and policy, and therefore of its foreign policy towards crisis areas relevant to its N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, edited by F Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 national interests (from the Western Balkans to the Mediterranean), as well as IGHTER FIGHTER AIRCRAFT IN trends and help prompt public debate. towards its most important allies within NATO and the EU. This IAI publication N. 4 Re-thinking Western Policies in Light of the Arab Uprisings, edited by A Riccardo Alcaro and Miguel Haubrich-Seco, 2012 analyses the role of these military capabilities in recent operations and their IRCRAFT prospects for the future. In fact, a number of trends can be inferred from the CRISIS MANAGEMENT A non-prot organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinelli, N.
    [Show full text]
  • National Reserve Forces Status
    NATIONAL RESERVE FORCES STATUS COUNTRY ITALIAN REPUBLIC. GENERAL INFO The sudden change of international and political theatres and the new threat to face, brought Italian Army, in 1997, to revise the conception of employment of Reserve Forces, till then based upon mass – mobilization criteria (according to NATO MC 400), in order to implement a more flexible and steady structure, in which mobilization should be applied only for support of existing Commands/Bodies/Units. This reorganization, even though keeps the general legislation unchanged, caused a complete review of mobilization, as far as general criteria, legal procedure, instruments and implementing formalities are concerned. In addition to this first change, Italian Army will leave behind the compulsory system by the end of 2004 to joint an entirely professional one. MAIN LEGISLATION - Legislative Decree November 28th, 1997, n. 464: it sanctions that mobilization should be applied only for support of existing Commands/Bodies/Units. - Law n. 331/2000 “Professional military service institutive rules”: it starts the handling over from the compulsory recruitment system to an entirely professional and voluntary one. BASIC ORGANIZATION PRINCIPLES These two provisions of the law endorsement caused Italian Armed Forces to start a support and mobilization system review, that provides a compulsory reserve, a voluntary reserve and a selected reserve. See Table 1 for a short description of Reserve Forces typologies. Compusory Reserve Emergency – established Forces through coercive measures (planned in time Forces of peace) i.d. discharges blockage, recall to arms of military personnel on leave. Military employees on leave liable to recall upon voluntary assent to face Voluntary Reserve peculiar operating requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces Lessons for Building Partner Capacity
    Evolving Internal Roles of the Armed Forces Lessons for Building Partner Capacity BY ALBRECHT SCHNABEL AND MARC KRUPANSKI he end of the Cold War more than two decades ago created new international realities, along with hopes and expectations for greater peace and stability worldwide. Part of that T peace dividend was expected to be the result of a decrease in defense spending, with direct consequences for the size and functions of nations’ armed forces. As a result, in parts of the world that benefited from increased security, the changing security challenges and interpretations of what should be considered suitable tasks and roles of armed forces have led to “profound … shifts in their core roles … (which are) … increasingly challenging long-held assumptions about what armed forces are for and how they should be structured and organized”.2 Governments and societies have been contemplating the appropriateness of newly defined or previously secondary purposes for their armed forces, which extend beyond their core role of national defense. These include the assignment of a variety of external and internal military and civilian roles and tasks. Some of these are performed as a subsidiary activity in support of opera- tions under civilian command. An examination of the internal roles of the armed forces in 15 Western democracies shows that armed forces assist in internal security provision mainly as a resource of last resort when efforts are required to respond to exceptional situations. This is the case primarily during and after natural and humanitarian catastrophes as well as other emergen- cies that exceed the response capacities of civilian and hybrid security institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Molto Agitato Italy and Mediterranean Security
    SUMMER 2019 MOLTO AGITATO ITALY AND MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY REPORT This report is part of Friends of Europe’s Peace, Security and Defence programme. Written by Paul Taylor, it brings together the views of scholars, policymakers and senior defence and security stakeholders. Unless otherwise indicated, this report reflects the writer’s understanding of the views expressed by the interviewees and participants of survey. The author and the participants contributed in their personal capacities, and their views do not necessarily reflect those of the institutions they represent, or of Friends of Europe and its board of trustees, members or partners. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted, provided that full credit is given to Friends of Europe and that any such reproduction, whether in whole or in part, is not sold unless incorporated in other works. The Peace, Security and Defence programme is supported by the United States government. SUMMER 2019 MOLTO AGITATO ITALY AND MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY REPORT The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Publisher: Geert Cami Author: Paul Taylor Publication Director: Nathalie Furrer Programme Manager: Antonia Erlandsson Programme Executive: Patrick Vandewalle Programme Assistant: Elena Saenz Feehan Editors: Robert Arenella, Arnaud Bodet, Eleanor Doorley, Angela Pauly Designer: Elza Lőw © Friends of Europe - June 2019 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Paul Taylor is a Paris-based journalist who writes the "Europe at Large" column for POLITICO.
    [Show full text]