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Home , Bob Sproull, Computer Pioneer Award, Fred Brooks, Ivan Sutherland

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTHNORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPELCHAPEL HILL DEPARTMENT OF

The Toolsmith Conference 1818———1919 OCTOBER 2001

Dr. Frederick P. Brooks, Jr. still being designed. He is pioneering the use of Frederick P. Brooks, force display to supplement visual . Jr., was born in 1931 Brooks distilled the successes and failures of the in Durham, NC. He development of /360 in The received an A.B. Mythical Man-Month: Essays in summa cum laude in Engineering, (1975, 20th Anniversary Edition, physics from Duke 1995). He further examined in and a Ph.D. in his well-known 1986 paper, “No Silver Bullet.” In computer science 1997, he and Professor published a from Harvard, under major research monograph, : Howard Aiken, the Concepts and Evolution. architect of the early Harvard computers. Brooks has served on the National Science Board

He joined IBM, and the Defense Science Board. He is a member of working in the National Academy of Engineering, National In a word, the computer Poughkeepsie and Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the (U.) Royal Academy of scientist is a toolsmith— Yorktown, NY, 1956- 1965. He was an Engineering, and the Royal Netherlands Academy no more, but no less. It architect of the Stretch of Arts and Sciences. He has received the ACM A. M. , the IEEE John von Neumann is an honorable calling. and Harvest computers and then was the Medal, the IEEE Computer Society’s McDowell FPB project manager for and Computer Pioneer Awards, the ACM Allen the development of Newell and Distinguished Service, Awards, the IBM's System/360 family of computers and then of the AFIPS Harry Goode Award, and an honorary Doctor of Technical Science from ETH-Zürich. Operating System/360 software. For this work he received a National Medal of Technology jointly with He is married to DISTINGUISHED GUEST Bob O. Evans and . Nancy Greenwood SPEAKERS 4 Dr. Brooks and Dura Sweeney in 1957 patented an in- Brooks. They have three children: terrupt system for the IBM Stretch computer that Diane Pozefsky 5 introduced most features of today's interrupt systems. Kenneth, Roger, and He coined the term computer architecture . His Barbara, and six Steven M. Bellovin 5 grandchildren. Dr. System/360 team first achieved strict compatibility, . Craig Mudge 6 upward and downward, in a computer family. His Brooks became a early concern for word processing led to his selection Christian at age 31. Bob Evans 6 He chaired the Ex- of the 8- and the lowercase alphabet for the Gerrit Blaauw 7 System/360, engineering of many new 8-bit input/ ecutive Committee output devices, and providing a character-string for the Central Mike Pique 8 datatype in PL/I. Carolina Billy Graham Crusade in Dick Sites 8 In 1964 he founded the Computer Science Department 1973. The Brookses John Crawford 9 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and advise a chapter of chaired it for 20 years. Currently, he is Kenan InterVarsity Henry Fuchs 9 Professor of Computer Science. His principal research Christian Fellow- Jim Sneeringer 10 is in real-time, three-dimensional, computer ship, and he has 10 graphics—“.” His research has helped taught an adult Sun- Sam Williamson 10 biochemists solve the structure of complex molecules day School class for and enabled architects to “walk through” structures over twenty years. Ken Iverson 10 We gratefully acknowledge the enthusiastic support of our sponsors.

JOHN Q. WALKER, PhD

MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES DIVISION US ARMY RESEARCH OFFICE (ARL) RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA

US ARMY STRICOM SIMULATION, TRAINING & INSTRUMENTATION COMMAND

OFFICE OF THE PROVOST UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA at CHAPEL HILL

OFFICE OF THE DEAN COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA at CHAPEL HILL

THURSDAY FRIDAY SCHEDULE SCHEDULE

11:00–12:00 7:30 – 8:30 CONFERENCE REGISTRATION BREAKFAST BANQUET HALL LOBBY HANES ART CENTER FOYER & HALLWAY MOREHEAD PLANETARIUM THE MORNING AND AFTERNOON PROGRAMS

WILL BE HELD IN 12:00–1:30PM THE HANES ART CENTER THEATRE LUNCHEON BANQUET HALL 8:30 – 8:40 MOREHEAD PLANETARIUM GERRIT BLAAUW KEYNOTE SPEAKER: “Ships on the Beach”

IVAN SUTHERLAND 8:45 – 9:15 “Computing and the March of Time” MIKE PIQUE “Scouting Expeditions in ” THE AFTERNOON PROGRAM WILL BE HELD IN THE HANES ART CENTER THEATRE 9:20 – 10:00 DICK SITES 1:45 – 2:15 “From Flushatrons to Alpha and Back” DIANE POZEFSKY “Calendar-based Context and 10:00 – 10:30 BREAK Presence”

2:20 – 3:00 10:30 – 11:10 JOHN CRAWFORDCRAWFORD STEVEN M. BELLOVIN JOHN CRAWFORD “Security and Software Engineering” “Moore’s Law in Performance: a look back and a 3:00 - 3:30 glimpse ahead” BREAK 11:15 – 12:00 3:30 – 4:10 HENRY FUCHS J. CRAIG MUDGE "Immersion and Tele-Immersion “Computer Security Viewed as an in the Office of the Future"

Integral Part of Business” 12:00 – 1:30 LUNCH 4:15 – 5:00 BOB EVANS 1:30 – 1:50 “Telematics, An Imaginative New JIM SNEERINGER Electronics Application” “Personal Reminiscences”

1:55—2:35

6:30–9:30PM SASAMM WILLIAMSON RECEPTION & BANQUET “What Taught Us About Leadership” CAROLINA CLUB at the ALUMNI CENTER 2:40—3:15 At the University of North Carolina at KEN IVERSON Chapel Hill “Exploring Math”

3:15 – 3:45 BREAK KEYNOTE SPEAKER: 4:00–7:30PM FREDFREDERICKERICK P. BROOKS, JR. RESEARCH DEMONSTRATIONS “Life Sentences” SITTERSON HALL

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three-dimensional , demonstrating IVAN SUTHERLAND what is now known as "virtual reality." This work “Computing and the March of Time” provided the ideas around which E&S was founded. , later the co-founder of Sutherland, Dr. Ivan E. Sutherland is a Vice President and Sproull and Associates, Sutherland, Sproull and Asso- Fellow at . In addition to his own ciates, participated in the Harvard work as an project in asynchronous system design, he helps Sun undergraduate. Bob and Ivan formed a friendship and to adopt new technologies. He also serves as a association during that period that carries on today. director or advisor to several small companies. Dr. Suthrland divides his time among corporate Dr. Sutherland went to Harvard from the Defense activities, venture capital, and his own creative Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), where technical work. he had spent two years as Director of the Information Processing Techniques Office. In that From 1976 to 1980, Dr. Sutherland was the Fletcher capacity, Dr. Sutherland was responsible for funding Jones Professor of Computer Science at Caltech much of the US academic research in advanced serving as head of Computer Science. During this computing. His contracts included Project MAC at period he and Professor initiated the MIT, the Illiac IV project at the University of Illinois, Silicon Structures Project, a major research program as well as major programs led by Al Perlis at staffed and funded cooperatively with industry. The Carnegie-Mellon University and David Evans at the pioneering work of the Caltech group helped fuel the University of California at Berkeley. His contact with silicon revolution by giving academia worldwide the the US Department of Defense continued after he left confidence and the tools to teach ARPA, first as a member of the Naval Research Ad- design. visory Committee (NRAC), and later as a member of the Defense Science Board (DSB), and as Chairman Prior to joining the Caltech faculty, Dr. Sutherland of the Technical Advisory Committee for the Defense had founded the Evans and Sutherland Computer Mapping Agency (DMA). Corporation (E&S) with Dr. David Evans. E&S is now a $200 million per year firm Dr. Sutherland has always manufacturing high performance computer If we perceive our role maintained an active graphics equipment. Dr. Sutherland served aright, we then see more research program of his own. as Vice President and Chief Scientist for In the early 80’s his research E&S and remains a major shareholder and clearly the proper criterion centered on robots that walk. an active member of its Board of Directors. He built a 6-legged hydraulic Both Sutherland and Evans also taught at success: a toolmaker walking machine featured on the , and between the succeeds as, and only as, the cover of Scientific Ameri- company and the University, made Salt can in January 1983. More re- Lake City the premier center for computer the users of his tool cently his research program has graphics. A key publication of the period, involved new designs and succeed with his aid. "A Characterization of Ten Hidden Surface design techniques for ," by Sutherland, Sproull, and FPB asynchronous digital systems. Schumacker, offered a taxonomy of the then A "Theory of Logical Effort" current research in computer graphics. resulted from this work. The asynchronous design style was From 1980 until the firm was acquired by Sun, Dr. the subject of Dr. Sutherland’s 1988 ACM Turing Sutherland was a vice president of a consulting firm Award Lecture, "Micropipelines," published in the Sutherland, Sproull, and Associates, Inc. Also June 1989 issue of Communications of the ACM. starting in 1980, he was a founding partner of Advanced Technology Ventures, a Boston- and Dr. Sutherland received a Ph.D. Degree from MIT in California-based venture capital partnership. Dr. 1963 following an MS from Caltech and a BS degree Sutherland had been an Associate Professor of from Carnegie Tech, all in Electrical Engineering. He Computer Science on the Gordon McKay holds honorary degrees from Harvard, Caltech, and endowment at Harvard prior to founding Evans and the University of North Carolina. Dr. Sutherland is a Sutherland. His research at Harvard on a head- member of both the National Academy of Sciences mounted display led to early use of dynamic and the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. T HE TOOLSMITH ONFERENCE P AGE 5

Sutherland was the 1988 recipient of the Turing functional soundness of the network. After the award, the highest award given by the Association of Olympics, Diane joined the IBM CIO office to work Computing Machinery. He won the prestigious on networking issues and improving support for Smithsonian Price Waterhouse Information mobileworkers and teleworkers. She took her Technology Leadership Award for Lifetime current position in Augiust 2000. Achievement. In 1988, he was chosen by the IEEE to receive their John Von Neumann Medal. Beyond her regular assignments at IBM, Diane has Dr. Sutherland is author of 29 patents, as well as been heavily involved in National Engineers Week numerous publications and lectures. (including chairing a multi-corporate program for next year's program). She was one of the founders of IBM's biannual worldwide conference for DIANE POZEFSKY technical women, and has been very active in IBM's Academy of Technology, including five years on its “Calendar-based Context and Presence” governing Technology Council.

Diane Pozefsky is an IBM Fellow and is currently She has authored over twenty articles and holds Director of Storage more than a dozen patents. Networking Architecture in Computers are tools, and IBM Storage Systems Group. Diane holds a Sc.B. in Applied Math Her focus is on developing the question you ask when from Brown University and a Ph.D. in solutions that help move the Computer Science from the University industry from direct-attached you have a tool is, ‘What of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. storage to networked attached storage solutions can you do with it?’ Diane lives in Chapel Hill, NC with her husband, Mark, and their 17-year old such as NAS appliances and FPB virtualization solutions. daughter, Lauren.

Diane joined IBM as an architect in Research Triangle Park, NC in 1979 and has spent most of her STEVEN M. BELLOVIN career in networking. “Security and Software Engineering”

She was one of the lead architects for the peer Steven M. Bellovin earned a B.A. from Columbia networking enhancements (APPN: Advanced Peer- University, and an M.S. and Ph.D. in computer to-Peer Networking) to Systems Networking science from the University of North Carolina at Architecture (SNA). APPN was a major change for Chapel Hill. While a graduate student, he helped the architecture that changed SNA from a static, hierarchical network solution to a dynamic, perr one. create USENET. For this Steve, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis were awarded the 1995 Usenix Lifetime Diane was lead architect of AnyNet®, a technology Achievement Award. The Usenix Lifetime that allows independence of applications and Achievement Award recognizes and celebrates networks by allowing programs designed for SNA singular contributions to the community in and TCP/IP to run on the other network. She was both intellectual achievement and service. also team leader for one of the first AnyNet products that permitted customers to move their current SNA USENET was an experiment started in 1979 to applications to IP networks. create an electronic bulletin board to facilitate the

Based on her contributions to networking, Diane was named an IBM Fellow in 1994. IBM Programming then is fun because it gratifies Fellow is the highest technical position in IBM. creative longings built deep within us and There have only been 165 fellows names since the program was started in 1963. delights sensibilities we have in common with

In 1997, Diane joined the IBM team working on all men. the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, where her FPB responsibility was assuring the quality and P AGE 6

posting and reading of news messages and notices. As director of the Computer Science Lab at Xerox Today it has more than 10,000 discussion groups, PARC in the mid nineties, he built a management known as newsgroups, on a wide variety of subjects, team to take responsibility for commercial results. At tens of thousands of USENET sites, and many PARC he also nurtured the development of the next millions of participants. generation Protocol, IPv6, worked on microtransactions in electronic commerce, and Currently, he is an AT&T Fellow in the launched several Internet businesses. Communications Information Systems Research He was founding CEO of a Department at AT&T Labs Research semiconductor startup, Austek in Florham Park, New Jersey. He does No Silver Bullet— Microsystems. Following a first research on networks, security and why Essence and Accident in round financing of $6.7 million in the two don't get along. He is the co- Software Engineering 1984, the company developed the author, with Bill Cheswick, of the 1994 There is no single first single-chip cache controller and book Firewalls and Internet Security: development, in either other complex logic chips used by Repelling the Wily Hacker. technology or management PC manufacturers in the U.S, Asia, He is a member of the Internet technique, which by itself and Europe. Architecture Board, and has served on promises even one order- His experience includes computer a National Research Council committee of-magnitude improvement design on PDP-11 and VAX on Information System trustworthiness. within a decade in computer projects with Digital In 2001, Steve Bellovin became the productivity, in reliability, Equipment Corporation (now first UNC-CH Department of in simplicity. Compaq), semiconductor research at Computer Science graduate elected to FPB the CSIRO VLSI Program, and the National Academy of Engineering. faculty positions in computer science at Caltech, Carnegie Mellon University, and Flinders JJ.. CRAIG MUDGE University in Adelaide. He co-authored "" with Gordon Bell, has published over “Computer Security Viewed as an Inte- sixty papers, and holds several patents. gral Part of Business” Mudge holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an J. Craig Mudge is Managing Partner of Pacific undergraduate degree in mathematics, statistics, and Challenge, a Silicon Valley based consultancy economics from the Australian National University. focusing on Internet technology and e-commerce. He His formal management occurred at the works with two contrasting sets of clients: major Australian Graduate School of Management and corporations and venture-capital-backed startups. Harvard Business School. With major corporations he works on product strategy, often advising on moving innovations from In 1984 Dr. Mudge was elected as a Fellow of the research labs to the marketplace. In technology Australian Academy of Technology Sciences and management, his clients have included AT&T Labs, Engineering. Citigroup, DSTO, and CommerceNet. In e- commerce, his firm has a strong financial services BOB O. EVANS sub-practice, where clients include Visa, CommerceNet, First Data, and e-Citi, the Internet “Telematics, An Imaginative New development organization of Citibank. Electronics Approach”

He has served on the advisory boards of various Mr. Evans spent 33 years at IBM where he was the startup ventures in Internet technology and President of four major divisions including heading information security and maintains links with leading the Federal Systems Division, the System research labs. Development Division, responsible for worldwide I think the most important single effort we can hardware and software engineering and the Communications Systems Division. His best-known mount is to develop ways to grow great IBM contribution was to propose an integrated, new designers. product line and then lead the worldwide engineering FPB program that resulted in the IBM Systems 360. T HE TOOLSMITH ONFERENCE P AGE 7

Later he guided the development of IBM’s System 370 Advanced Function, products that were pivotal in IBM GERRIT BLAAUW achieving leadership in the computer industry. Mr. “Ships on the Beach” Evans also proposed and then led IBM’s work in communications satellites with the IBM-Aetna-Comsat Gerrit A. Blaauw is Professor of Computer Science partnership that established Satellite Business Systems, emeritus at Twente University of Technology in the a commercial venture that brought satellite Netherlands. A pioneer in computer architecture, he communications to businesses throughout the United participated first in the design of the Mark III and States. Mark IV calculators at , and then the ARRA and FERTA computers. He was later one From 1981 until 1995 Mr. Evans was the computer and of the architects of the Stretch computer and of electronics member of the Republic of China’s Science System/360 at IBM. and Technology Advi- sory Group that reported Brooks' Law: Adding Professor Blaauw received his B.S. in to the Premier. He was manpower to a late electrical engineering from Lafayette also a member of the College, and his PhD in applied science Republic of China’s software project from Harvard. While at Harvard, he was on Strategy Review Board. makes it later. the staff of the Computation Laboratory and FPB participated in the design of the Mark III In 1984 Mr. Evans and Mark IV calculators. From 1952-1955, retired from IBM and he was on the staff of the Mathematical joined Hambrecht and Quist as a Venture Partner. In Center in Amsterdam, Netherlands where he was 1988 he moved to a spin-off from H&Q, Technology involved in the design of the ARRA and the FERTA Strategies and Alliances, where he continues as computers. Managing Partner. In 1995-’96 he served as founding President of Vanguard International Semiconductor In 1955, Dr. Blaauw joined IBM at the Poughkeepsie Corp, a Taiwan-based semiconductor manufacturer. In Product Development Laboratory. He was one of 1997-’99 he served as President of Interactive Voice the architects of the Stretch computer and of the Systems. He presently is Chairman of the Cambridge System S/360. In 1965, he left IBM to become a Technology Group, a Washington, DC-area software professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer firm and is founding Chairman of a new company, Science at the Twente University of Technology in VCommand, that is developing advanced voice the Netherlands. recognition products. Dr. Blaauw is the author of Digital System Mr. Evans has served on numerous Boards Implementation (1976) and numerous other throughout his career and is currently on the Board of publications, and co-author with Dr. Fred Brooks of Foresight Systems, Cambridge Technology Group and Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution Taiwan-owned Excellence in Communications. (1997). Dr. Blaauw holds several patents, has received many honors including the De Groot Award Mr. Evans was elected to the U.S. National for his contributions to electrical engineering, and is Academy of Engineering in 1972, was awarded a a recipient of the . Republic of China distinguished service medal by Premier Y.S. Sun in 1983 and, together with Dr. Fred Dr. Blaauw is a Fellow of the IEEE, and a member Brooks and Eric Bloch, was awarded the U.S. Medal of of the ACM, Sigma Xi, the Royal Dutch Academy Technology by President Reagan in 1985. of Science and is a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering. Mr. Evans, an Electrical Engineering graduate of Iowa State University also completed his MS degree course work in Mathematics and Electrical Engineering at Syracuse University. If we recognize our artifacts as tools, we test them by

Mr. and Mrs. Evans are parents of four their usefulness and their costs, not their novelty. children and reside in Hillsborough, California FPB P AGE 8 MIKE PIQUE OMNIMAX film ``The Magic Egg'' in which the audience drops through a blinding rainstorm of “Scouting Expeditions in Molecular electrostatic field lines, flies over the protein surface Graphics” into its interior, dodges its atoms and chemical bonds, and passes safely out the other side. Since 1986 Michael Pique has been on the staff of The Scripps Research Institute Department of His occasional film-making notwithstanding, his chief Molecular Biology in La Jolla, California. Before that, interests are interactive 3-D visualization and he worked for 13 years at the University of North molecular modeling. He is currently involved in Carolina at Chapel Hill under Professor Frederick P. protein docking Brooks as part of the Computer Science Department's and GRIP Molecular Graphics Project. He received a BS visualization, Hitching our research to metalloprotein in Physics from Eckerd College in 1973 and an MS in someone else's driving Computer Science from UNC Chapel Hill in 1980. structure analysis and problems, and solving During the mid-1970's, he helped build the UNC protein metal those problems on the GRIP-75 molecular graphics system, which ran on site design, and coupled IBM/360-75 and DEC PDP-11/45 computers the creation of owners’ terms, leads us to and a Vector General 3-D graphics display. GRIP-75 tangible richer computer science enabled X-ray crystallographers for the first time to molecular use interactive computer graphics and joysticks instead models to serve research. of brass models and wrenches for fitting molecules as computer input and output into their electron density map data. FPB devices.

In 1982 he helped make the video ``What Does A Protein Look Like?'', presenting 40 different computer graphic visualizations of the atomic-level data DICK SITES describing the enzyme Copper, Zinc Superoxide “From Flushatrons to Alpha and Back” Dismutase (SOD). In 1984 he helped produce a sequence for the ACM SIGGRAPH educational Dick Sites wrote his first computer program in 1959. During his undergraduate years, he worked part-time at IBM where he became interested in computer All programmers are optimists. Perhaps this architecture and design. He attended UNC 1969-70 specifically to take Fred Brooks' computer modern sorcery especially attracts those who architecture course. He subsequently transferred to believe in happy endings and fairy Stanford and earned a Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1974. After 1/2 year of hitchhiking and a year at godmothers. Perhaps the hundreds of nitty Burroughs, he taught at UC/San Diego for four years.

frustrations drive away all but those who ha- In 1980, he moved to Massachusetts and started a 16- year career at Digital Equipment Corp. While at bitually focus on the end goal. Perhaps it is Digital, Dick worked on cache design and merely that computers are young, program- for VAX processors. In 1988 he became co-architect of the Alpha computer line, finally making mers are younger, and the young are always some use of his UNC technical training.

optimists. But however the selection process Upon leaving Digital in 1996, Dick settled at Adobe, switching from hardware to . He has works, the result is indisputable: “This time it worked on OCR, Acrobat digital signatures, eBook security, and digital imaging. will surely run” or “I just found the last bug”. Dr. Sites has published numerous articles and one book. He is the holder of 32 patents. FPB T HE TOOLSMITH ONFERENCE P AGE 9 JJOHNOHN CRAWFORD HHENRYENRY “Moore’s Law in Two of our criteria for success in FUCHS Microprocessor Performance: a a tool are: ▪ It must be so easy to use that a "Immersion and look back and a glimpse ahead” Tele-Immersion full professor can use it, and John Crawford is an Intel Fellow at the ▪ It must be so productive that in the Office of Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California. full professors will use it. the Future" Mr. Crawford is FPB investigating emerging technology direc- Henry Fuchs is the tions and issues for future Itanium™ Proc- Federico Gil essor Family products. Professor of Computer Science, an Adjunct Professor

Mr. Crawford joined Intel in 1977 and worked until of Biomedical Engineering, and an Adjunct Professor 1982 in compiler development. Mr. Crawford was the of Radiology Oncology at the University of North Chief Architect of both the Intel386™ and Intel486™ Carolina at Chapel Hill. He leads several research , and co-managed the development of groups who have developed some of the highest the Pentium® microprocessor. He was named an Intel performance graphics computers to date. He has also Fellow, Intel’s highest technical position, in 1992. established research groups that have made some of Most recently he managed the joint Intel/HP research the world's fastest and most accurate tracking team that defined the Itanium Processor Family systems for virtual environments, as well as for instruction set architecture. head-mounted display applications of virtual environments to assist in 3D interactive surgical In 1995, Mr. Crawford received the ACM/IEEE procedures. He is particularly interested in medical Eckert-Mauchly Award for contributions to Computer applications, specifically collaborative techniques and Digital Systems architecture, and received the and how tele-presence can aid in tele-collaboration. IEEE Ernst Weber Engineering Leadership Recognition in June 1997. Henry Fuchs is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow in the American Academy Mr. Crawford supports Intel’s K-12 education of Arts and Sciences, and is a fellow in the ACM. outreach programs as a National Engineers Week “All He is the recipient of the 1997 Satava Award at the Star”, as a judge for the International Science and Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference, the 1992 Engineering Fair and as assistant coach on the National Computer Graphics Association Academic Redwood Middle School Mathcounts team. Award from NCGA, as well as the 1992 Computer Mr. Crawford has been Graphics Achievement Award from Siggraph. married for seventeen years to He received Norma B. Crawford. They have One can expect the human race to continue one son, J. Alexander (Alex), his Ph.D. from who is fifteen years old, and one attempting systems just within or just beyond our the University of Utah in daughter, Rebecca Ruth reach; and software systems are perhaps the (Becky), who is twelve years 1975. He has old. John and Norma are most intricate and complex of man's handiworks. over one Christians, and are members of The management of this complex craft will de- hundred Crossroads Bible Church in San publications Jose, where John is the Music mand our best use of new languages and systems, resulting from leader of the Awana Club. our best adaptation of proven engineering man- his research in computer Mr. Crawford was born in agement methods, liberal doses of common sense, graphics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He and a God-given humility to recognize our falli- particularly received a ScB in Computer bility and limitations. interactive, Science from Brown three- University, and an MS in FPB dimensional Computer from the University computer of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. graphics. P AGE 10 JIMJIM SNEERINGER Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at UNC- JIM SNEERINGER CH (1977-85), Provost of UNC-CH (1984-88), “Personal Reminiscences” President of The Too many interests, too many University of the South Dr. Sneeringer holds a BS in mathemat- exciting opportunities for (1988-2000) and was a ics from and a PhD in faculty member at Computer Science from the University of learning, research and thought. Harvard University North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has What a marvelous (1966-72). been the Product Development Director and partner of NavPress Software predicament! His honors include (now iExalt, Inc.) in Austin, Texas and the FPB honorary degrees from Director of Software Development at Furman University, NavPress in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Centre College and the From 1987-1989, he was the proprietor of Virginia Theological WORDworks Software Architects, in Austin, Texas Seminary. He is a past Chair of the Board of Visi- where he conceived, designed and programmed the tors at the Air University, USAF, and won the WORDsearch Bible software system, which facili- George Louis Beer Prize of the American Historical tates studying the Bible in the original languages and Association in 1969. with multiple translations.

Dr. Sneeringer is currently the Director of KKENEN IVERSON Application Development at Conclusive Strategies in “Exploring Math” Dripping Springs, Texas and a consultant to the

Attorney General of Texas on computer systems for Dr. Iverson received his Ph.D. in applied elections. His primary interests include the design of mathematics in 1954 from Harvard University. He simple, understandable, powerful human interfaces taught at Harvard as an assistant professor of for software, especially office and home applications, applied mathematics from 1955 to 1960. He then Internet, operating systems, telephony, word took a position as a research staff member at the IBM processing, and interactive software-development Corporation and became an IBM Fellow in 1971 in environments. Other interests include technology recognition of his contribution to the development of transfer from research to development, computer APL. Dr. Iverson is the designer of the programming instruction-set architecture, and programming style. languages APL and J. His current area of interest is the use of J in teaching. Dr. Sneeringer is also currently serving on the Board

of Trustees of the Leander Independent School Dr. Iverson is the recipient of the prestigious Asso- District. ciation of Computing Machinery A.M. Not only do I not plan to retire, but I plan NOT to retire. Turing Award, which cited him for "his pioneering effort in programming FPB languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field SAM WILIAMSON now knows as APL".

“What Fred Brooks Taught Us About He has written four books on programming lan- Leadership” guages and mathematics: A ; Elementary Functions; Algebra: An Algorithmic Dr. Sam Williamson is President Emeritus of The Treatment; and Elementary Analysis. Dr. Iverson University of the South and the Robert M. Ayres, Jr. has also published numerous articles on Distinguished University Professor History. His programming languages and mathematics. current projects involve a study of civil-military relations in July 1914, a memoir on higher education Dr. Iverson is also the recipient of the American Fed- administration as ministry and essays on the history of eration of Information Processing Societies' Harry Austria-, 1900-1914. Goode Award, is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and holds an honorary degree from He has had a distinguished professional career that has York University. included a number of high profile positions including T HE TOOLSMITH ONFERENCE P AGE 11

The architecture of a computer system we define as the minimal set of properties that determine what programs will run and what results they will produce. The architecture is thus the system’s functional appearance to its immediate user, its conceptual structure and functional behavior as seen by one who programs in machine language. GA Blaauw and FPB

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We graphicists choreograph colored dots on a glass bottle so as to fool eye and mind into seeing desktops, spacecraft, molecules, and worlds that are not and can never be. FPB

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