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Caselli Gloria Tesi Magistrale UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI INTERNAZIONALI DI ROMA (UNINT) FACOLTÀ DI INTERPRETARIATO E TRADUZIONE CORSO DI LAUREA IN INTERPRETARIATO E TRADUZIONE PROVA FINALE IT SOUNDS GAY Analisi del gayspeak nelle serie tv Candidata: Relatore: Gloria Caselli Annalisa Sandrelli Anno Accademico [2012/13] Sessione invernale INDICE ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………….iii RESUMEN……………………………………………………………………………......iv INTRODUZIONE……………………………………………………………………......v 1.L’OMOSESSUALITÀ I MASS MEDIA……………………………………………...1 1.1 L’IDENTITÀ GAY…………………………………………………………………....1 1.1.1 Omosessualità: origini, terminologia e teorie………………………………....1 1.1.2 Un po’ di storia…………………………………………………………………….7 1.1.3 La comunità LGBT…………………………………………………………….....12 1. GLI OMOSESSUALI NEI PRODOTTI AUDIOVISIVI……………………………..18 1.2.1 L’omosessualità nel cinema…………………………………………………......18 1.2.2 L’omosessualità in televisione: il caso angloamericano…………………....32 1.2.3 Il caso italiano…………………………………………………………………....43 2. OMOSESSULITÀ E PRATICHE DISCORSIVE…………………………………51 2.1 IL GAYSPEAK……………………………………………………………………...51 2.1.1 Teorie e definizioni……………………………………………………………….51 2.1.2 Caratteristiche……………………………………………………………………63 2.2 IL GAYSPEAK NEL MONDO AUDIOVISIVO…………………………………...71 2.2.1 Il linguaggio delle allusioni……………………………………………………..71 2.2.2 Il linguaggio esplicito…………………………………………………………....74 2.3 CONCLUSIONI……………………………………………………………………...83 3. TRADUZIONE DEL GAYSPEAK………………………………………………….84 3.1 LA TRADUZIONE AUDIOVISIVA………………………………………………...84 3.1.1 Strategie di traduzione…………………………………………………………...84 3.1.2 Studi teorici sul gayspeak in campo audiovisivo……………………………..88 i 3.2 ANALISI………………………………………………………………………………95 3.2.1 Metodologia…………………………………………………………………….......95 3.2.2 Corpus……………………………………………………………………………….97 4. TESTI ORIGINALI E ADATTAMENTI……………………………………………102 4.1 IL CONFRONTO……………………………………………………………………...102 4.1.1 Esempi di lessico specifico………………………………………………………..102 4.1.2 Riferimenti a temi collegati al mondo gay………………………………….......113 4.1.3 Esempi di femminilizzazione…………………………………………………......124 4.2 RIFLESSIONI CONCLUSIVE……………………………………………………….128 CONCLUSIONI…………………………………………………………………………..131 BIBLIOGRAFIA………………………………………………………………………....134 SITOGRAFIA…………………………………………………………………………….138 FILMOLOGIA…………………………………………………………………………....139 FONTI LESSICOGRAFICHE…………………………………………………………..143 ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyse the fictional language of homosexuals, the so called gayspeak, and the way in which Italian translator and dubbing adapters have dealt with it. In particular, the study examines the communicative and linguistic strategies used by Italian translator to convey this particular kind of argot. The first chapter xplains the concept of homosexuality and its development through the history; all this theories originate the distinctive manner in which homosexual people are portrayed in audiovisual products. The second chapter analyses the specific characteristics of the gayspeak language both in terms of lexicon and the communicative strategies applied. The third chapter focuses mainly on audiovisual translation peculiarities and on the theoretical studies regarding the gayspeak in this particular field; the second part of this chapter is dedicated to the explanation of the methods used in the analysis and the kind of television series that has been examined. The fourth chapter shows the detailed analysis of the examples; each case is followed by an explanation about the kind of elements found in the source text and its equivalent translation in the target text. Far from being a definitive analyses, this research highlights the significant used of the gayspeak as concerned the Anglo-American context. However, this richness in the English vocabulary doesn’t match with the terminology used in the Italian translated version: the Italian homosexual argot seems to be scarce in terms of quantity and unable to convey properly the different aspects of the gay language and culture. iii SINOPSIS Esta tesis fue realizada con el fin de investigar la presencia y el uso de la gerga gay en los productos audiovisual y las diferentes técnicas utilizadas por lo traductores italianos en este campo. El estudio analiza en particular las estrategias comunicativas y lingüísticas por los traductoers italianos para transmitir esta tipologia de jerga. El primer capítulo explica el concepto de la homosexualidad y su desarollo a través de la historia; todas estas teorías influyen considerablemente en la representación de las personas homosexuales en los productos audiovisivo. El segundo capítulo atañe específicatamente al las características proprias del gayspeak tanto es su forma de léxico como en las estrategias comunicativas aplicadas. El tercer capítulo se enfoca principalmente en las peculiaridades que atañen a las traducción audiovisual y en los estudios teóricos del gayspeak en este campo; la segunda parte de este capítulo està dedicada a la explicación de la metodología de investigación utilizada en el análisis y la tipología especifica de las serie de televisión examinadas. El cuarto capítulo muestra en detalle el análisis de los ejemeplos seleccionados; por cada caso hay una explicación de los datos encontrados en el texto original y su traducción en el texto italiano. Lejos de ser un análisis definitivo, esta investigación pone de relieve el uso significativo del gayspeak en los producots de producción angloamericana. Sin embargo, esta riqueza del vocabulario inglés no coincide con la terminología utilizada en la versión traducida en italiano. La jerga gay italiana parece ser escasa en términos de cantidad y inadecuada a expresar correctamente los diferentes aspectos del lenguaje y de la cultura gay. iv INTRODUZIONE Il presente lavoro intende offrire una panoramica generale sullo studio di un particolare linguaggio ancora poco considerato dagli studi sulla traduzione, ovvero il gayspeak. La tesi si concentra principalmente sull’utilizzo del gayspeak in alcune serie tv in lingua inglese e sulle particolari strategie linguistiche necessarie in sede di traduzione e adattamento in italiano. L’attenzione è rivolta alla traduzione per il doppiaggio nel contesto televisivo per due ragioni principali: la prima è da ricondurre direttamente alla particolare tipologia di traduzione in questione, in cui i dialoghi tradotti sostituiscono interamente quelli originali; ciò fa sì che gli spettatori non possano esercitare nessun controllo rispetto al contenuto del prodotto che può dunque essere più facilmente manipolato e modificato; la seconda ragione è da ricondurre invece alla tipologia di prodotto tramite la quale viene trasmesso il gayspeak, ovvero le serie tv. Le serie tv sono ormai diventate un elemento imprescindibile di qualsiasi palinsesto televisivo; esse attraggono un pubblico sempre più ampio e offrono ambientazioni e situazioni di vita quotidiana, con personaggi facilmente associabili alla gente comune per professione, caratteristiche sociali ed esperienze di vita. Questa “vicinanza” allo spettatore è la chiave del successo di questo tipo di prodotti e ciò ha favorito la nascita di un vero e proprio fenomeno sociale. Il mondo proposto dalle serie tv infatti, da un lato, cerca di rispecchiare nella maniera più realistica possibile un determinato tipo di epoca e di società, con una particolare attenzione verso i costumi, le abitudini, l’appropriatezza del linguaggio e i riferimenti culturali. Dall’altro lato, invece, il linguaggio delle serie TV è artificiale e costruito a tavolino: ciò fa sì che vengano a crearsi certe abitudini linguistiche che, una vota diffusesi tramite il mezzo televisivo, vengono adottate come modello dalla maggioranza degli spettatori. La traduzione audiovisiva per la televisione viene investita di un ruolo importante: trasponendo il testo dalla lingua/cultura fonte nella lingua/cultura di arrivo e utilizzando tecniche e strategie specifiche, esso veicola messaggi e abitudini linguistiche agli spettatori In particolare, la traduzione audiovisiva svolge quindi un ruolo significativo nel veicolare messaggi e linguaggi legati al mondo gay, poiché in tempi recenti il volume di prodotti audiovisivi a contenuto gay che necessitano una forma di traduzione è molto aumentato. L’attenzione crescente nei confronti di questa realtà va di pari passo con gli sviluppi storici e sociali che hanno interessato le identità omosessuali nel corso degli anni, che, pur essendo avvenuti a livello mondiale hanno avuto conseguenze e ripercussioni diverse a seconda del Paese e del contesto culturale considerato. Di conseguenza, in ogni paese il gayspeak ha avuto uno sviluppo diverso, ponendo degli ostacoli considerevoli al traduttore audiovisivo. Il lavoro si apre con un capitolo introduttivo che offre una breve introduzione al concetto di omosessualità; particolare attenzione viene rivolta alla nozione di identità gay, alle sue origini e alle varie correnti teoriche che dall’antichità ad oggi hanno cercato di definire l’omosessualità. Un rapido excursus storico mostra come tutte queste correnti di pensiero siano collegate ad un preciso contesto storico e come esse possano variare da cultura a cultura. Ciò che accomuna la maggior parte di queste teorie è la visione discriminatoria nei confronti di queste identità, viste come appartenenti ad una sottocultura di minoranza Nel tempo sono nate varie associazioni volte alla tutela dei diritti civili e politici di queste persone, per permettere a varie realtà considerate ibride o marginali di far sentire la propria v voce. Questa prima parte prettamente concettuale
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