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Overview of the State of the St. Lawrence River 2008

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Overview of the State of the St. Lawrence River 2008 You may obtain fact sheets and additional information on the State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Program by visiting the following Web site:www .planstlaurent.qc.ca PRODUCTION COORDINATORS Hélène Bouchard, Environment Canada Nathalie Gratton, Environment Canada AUTHORS Nicolas Audet, Stratégies Saint-Laurent Louise Champoux, Environment Canada Charley Cyr, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Caroline Girard, Environment Canada Nathalie Gratton, Environment Canada Serge Hébert, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs du Québec Marc Mingelbier, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec CONTRIBUTORS Environment Canada Alain Armellin, André Bouchard, Christiane Hudon, Martin Jean, Paul Milot, Guy Létourneau, Magella Pelletier, Jean-François Rail, Louis-Filip Richard, Bernard Rondeau, and Jacques Sénéchal Fisheries and Oceans Canada Peter Galbraith, Denis Gilbert, Michel Gilbert, Jean-François Gosselin, Mike Hammill, Michel Harvey, Lena Measures, Michel Lebeuf, and Michel Starr Lac Saint-Pierre ZIP Committee Louise Corriveau Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs du Québec Denis Laliberté and Linda Tapin Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec Francis Bouchard, Philippe Brodeur, Chantale Cote, Denise Deschamps, Alain Desrosiers, Pierre Dumont, Nathalie La Violette, Michel Legault, Suzanne Lepage, Yves Mailhot, and Yorick Reyjol Nature Quebec Mathieu Avery Parks Canada Suzan Dionne EDITING AND TRANSLATION Jacinthe Bouchard, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec Translation Brokering and Editing Services, Environment Canada GRAPHIC DESIGN Denise Séguin, Environment Canada ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Haut Saint-Laurent ZIP Committee, Jacques-Cartier ZIP Committee, Lac Saint-Pierre ZIP Committee, Les Deux Rives ZIP Committee, Société d’aménagement de la baie Lavallière, Association des propriétaires et locataires de l’île Saint-Eugène COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Jean Robitaille, Bureau d’écologie appliqué Michel Arseneau, Christiane Hudon, Clauded Lessard, Chip Weseloh, Environment Canada Lyne Blanchet, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs du Québec Veronique Lesage, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Published by Authority of the Minister of the Environment © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2008 Published by Authority of the Ministre du Développement durable de l’Environnement et des Parcs du Québec © Gouvernement du Québec, 2008 Catalogue No.: En154-53/2008E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-10539-0 Legal deposit – National Library of Canada, 2008 Aussi disponible en français sous le titre: Portrait global de l’état du Saint-Laurent 2008 Cite as: State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Committee. Overview of the State of the St. Lawrence River 2008. St. Lawrence Plan. Environment Canada, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs du Québec, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Stratégies Saint-Laurent. 28 pp. OVERVIEWOF THESTATEOF THEST.LAWRENCE RIVER– 2008 WATER, SEDIMENTS, SHORELINES, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND USES FOREWORD stablishing an overview of the state of the St. Lawrence River is both complex and Estimulating—a challenge that the State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Program Coordination Committee enthusiastically took up as part of the Canada–Quebec Agreement under the St. Lawrence Plan for a Sustainable Development 2005–2010. To accomplish this task, we have used the findings of a number of scientists from organiza- tions involved in implementing the State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Program. This overview cannot claim to take all studies on the state of the St. Lawrence into considera- tion; rather, it provides an account of the findings that are a direct result of the program. In 2008, the river’s bill of health could be described as moderate to good for several indi- cators. Sediment contamination in Lake Saint Pierre has dropped. The reintroduction of the Striped Bass is going well and the Beluga Whale population remains stable, although it shows no major signs of recovery. The health of shellfish waters shows an improving trend. Overall, however, the St. Lawrence remains relatively vulnerable. Few changes have been observed in bird populations or in wetlands and swimming areas. Shoreline erosion, water turbidity and contamination by toxic substances in certain tributaries crossing farmland are of special concern, as is biotic integrity as based on freshwater fish communities. Concentrations of new substances such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are also cause for concern, since they are on the rise in all compartments of the ecosystem. We hope that the results of our work will help in making decisions that concern the St. Lawrence. The Program is one of the basic components of the movement toward the integrated management of the river. The cooperation and commitment of our government partners and non-governmental organizations remain key factors in ensuring the continu- ity of our work in monitoring the state of the St. Lawrence and in preparing reports on this subject. We are very pleased to present this 2008 Overview of the State of the St. Lawrence River and wish to thank sincerely all the members of our committee as well as those who contributed, in various capacities, to its production. Hélène Bouchard Linda Tapin Canada Co-chair Quebec Co-chair State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Program Coordination Committee Program Coordination Committee Environment Canada Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs 1 OVERVIEWOF THESTATEOF THEST.LAWRENCE RIVER– 2008 WATER, SEDIMENTS, SHORELINES, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND USES INTRODUCTION he St. Lawrence River originates in the Great on the floodplain, dredging of the shipping channel, TLakes, in the heart of one of the largest indus- and flow regulation. To these stresses can be added trial centres in North America. It has experienced new environmental challenges such as climate numerous impacts throughout the 20th century: change, invasive species and toxic substances alteration of its flow regime, degradation of water whose effects are poorly understood. quality, riverbank denaturalization and erosion, Is the overall health of the St. Lawrence improving? decline of certain plant and animal communities, To answer this question, a long-term monitoring etc. Despite the efforts made over the last 30 years program on the state of the St. Lawrence was to reduce these impacts, this major watercourse launched in 2003 as part of a Canada–Quebec remains vulnerable to intensive farming, encroachment agreement. Different partners monitor a series of CANADA UNITEDSTATES James Bay QUEBEC ONTARIO Blanc-Sablon Thunder Upper Bay estuary Lower estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence Sept-Îles La Fluvial ke S up estuary Pointe-des- er io Monts r r ive N.L. Fluvial e R Gaspé Tadoussac nc re Matane section Sa w Gulf of gue La Sault Ste. Marie nay t. R. S St. Lawrence Baie Saint-Paul Rivière-du-Loup O tt Québec L aw n a a City Montmagny N.B. a k Pointe- e North R ig iv du-Lac H e h Bay r c P.E.I. i u r M o Montréal e n k a Cornwall L CANADA Kingston UNITEDSTATES N.S. ATLANTIC Toronto Water characteristics OCEAN L ake Ontario Fresh Brackish e Erie Lak 1000 300 km200 Salt The St. Lawrence hydrographic system, including the Great Lakes, is one of the largest in the world. Its surface area of 1.6 million km 2 is the third largest in North America, after the Mississippi and Mackenzie rivers. It drains more than 25% of the Earth’s freshwater reserves and influences the environmental processes of the entire North American continent. Over 30 million Americans and 15 million Canadians live in this immense basin. 2 OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER – 2008 WATER, SEDIMENTS, SHORELINES, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND USES environmental indicators on a regular basis. The results. The first part of the document describes the area covered extends from the Quebec–Ontario program, the second deals with the state of the border to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. St. Lawrence and how it has changed, and part three This document follows the first assessment discusses more global issues. In part four, future published in 2003, presenting a new overview of the prospects and the monitoring of this ecosystem are state of the St. Lawrence based on the most recent identified. MAJOR ECONOMIC VALUE The geographic location and physical characteristics of the St. Lawrence make it a major economic asset for Quebec, Canada, and the industrial heartland of the United States. The economic value of its various uses—marine transportation, industrial activi- ties, harvesting activities, and recreational activities—is estimated at $165 billion over 20 years.1 Photo: René Therreault, Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs 1. Boulanger, F. et al. 1998. Étude économique du programme SLV 2000: un exemple concret de développement durable. Environment Canada and St. Lawrence Vision 2000. 3 OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER – 2008 WATER, SEDIMENTS, SHORELINES, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND USES 1. THE STATE OF THE ST. LAWRENCE MONITORING PROGRAM Background he State of the St. Lawrence Monitoring Program, Photo: Jean-François Therreault Testablished as part of the Canada–Quebec agreement, brings together six government part- Initial monitoring results for the St. Lawrence ners—Environment Canada (EC), the Ministère du were released in February
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