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Houttuynia Cordata Check List 9(3): 642–644, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N Houttuynia cordata ISTRIBUTIO First report of naturalization of Thunb. D 1783 (Piperales: 1* Saururaceae) Kelly 1 Antunes in South America 1 3 Ruy José 1 Válka Alves , Débora Medeiros 1, , Ricardo Loyola 2 de Moura , Luiza 2 Carla Trindade de RAPHIC G Gusmão , Nílber Gonçalves da Silva , Carolina Matozinhos and Mario A. Blanco EO G 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista s. no. CEP 20940-040. São Cristóvão, RJ, N Brasil. O 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista s. no. CEP 20940-040. São Cristóvão, RJ, Brasil. OTES 3 Universidad de Costa Rica, [email protected] de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Apdo. 11501-2060. San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, N Costa Rica. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: A relatively large and established population of Houttuynia cordata from Itatiaia National Park in Brazil represents the first record of naturalized Saururaceae in South America. Although the species is potentially invasive, unknown mechanisms have prevented its spread to other localities between 1940, when it was recorded in cultivation in Brazil, and the present. The nearest known naturalized population is situated 5,600 km away, in Costa Rica, Central America. also suggest an invasive behavior in other states of the The natural distribution of the Saururaceae (Piperales), Houttuyniawith six species cordata in four genera, is restricted to North USA, such as Illinois and Kansas, and in Australia. It has America and Southeast Asia (Brach and Nian-he 2005). been in cultivation in Europe at least since 1826 (Hooker Thunb. is a sciophilous, hygrophytic growth1827), whereof H. cordata it is appreciated as an attractive ground herb native to Japan, North and South Korea, China, Nepal, cover. Although reports of the invasiveness or aggressive Taiwan, Vietnam, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, in the scientific literature are scarce and Bhutan (eFloras 2008; Nian-he and Brach 1999; (e.g. Staples et al. 2000, for Hawaii), they are frequent in Brach and Nian-he 2005). Popularly known (in English) as horticultural blogs and other websites. Two commonly chameleon plant, Chinese lizard tail, Fishwort or Heartleaf thecited rapid causes vegetative for the difficultypropagation to controlthrough or the remove abundant this (Uni-Graz 2012), it is widely used in Southeast Asia for species (after its initial planting as an ornamental) are ornamental (Frank and Dana 2012), culinary (Puttawonget al. Houttuynia and Wongroung 2009) and medicinal purposes (Hsu et al. cordataproduction of rhizomes or stolons (or their fragments), 1999; Chang et al. 2001; Ng et al. 2007; Shin 2009; and the resistance of the plants to herbicides. Pawinwongchai & Chanprasert 2011; Wei and Wu 2012). also reproduces parthenogenetically (Mihara naturalIn China, populations Xu (2011) of H. cordata have considered that the high 1960, Shibata & Miyake 1908), andH. cordatanormal hassexual the demand,Plants especiallyof H. cordata for medicinal use, has endangered reproduction has not yet been demonstrated (Wei and . Wu 2012). It has been suggested that are 30–60 cm tall, with horizontal potential to displace native plants in forest and wetland rhizomes or stolons that connect the erect aerial stems.Piper ecosystems (Global Invasive Species Database 2012). The leaves, which are alternate, entire, cordate, and have a sheathing base, are reminiscent of certain species of (Piperaceae) with heart-shaped leaves (Figure 1). The leaves, which can measure up to 10 cm long × 6 cm wide, are usually green but can turn purplish when the plants are exposed to full sun. The terminal inflorescences consist of dense spikes (1.5–2.5 cm long) of very small flowers without petals, but each inflorescence has four white bracts at the base and resembles a single flower (Figure 2). The fruits are tiny (2–3 mm long), withH. 9 cordata to 18 seeds in each (Nian-he and Brach 1999; Brach and Nian-he 2005). Because of the flower-like inflorescence, can be confused with members of other angiosperm families (e.g., Ranunculaceae or even Rosaceae). This species has become naturalized and even invasive in New Zealand, Madagascar, United States (California, Figure 1. Houttuynia cordata Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Washington), and Costa Rica (Global Invasive Species Database 2012; Missouri Habit of in Itatiaia National Park, October Botanical Garden 2012). Non scientific internet sources 29th, 2012. Note the cordate (heart-shaped) leaves. Photo: R.J.V. Alves. 642 Alves et al. | Houttuynia cordata naturalized in South America Houttuynia cordata has not been listed in Brazilian compendia of ornamental plants (Lorenzi and de Souza 1995), medicinal plants (Lorenzi and Matos 2008), or weeds (Lorenzi 2008). However, the species has the potential to become invasive due to its high vitality (Global Invasive Species Database 2012) and its status as a useful plant may contribute to anthropic range expansion. The wherefact that H. this cordata species forms has notlarge propagated stands by insofar shaded beyond roadsides the boundaries of Itatiaia (an intensely visited National Park:) and where many vehicles and tourists pass on a daily basis may be due to the absence of effective dispersal agents and to control (the entire population was mowed by the National Park staff a week after our first visit: Figure 4). Figure 2. Houttuynia cordata in Itatiaia Detail of the inflorescence of National Park, October 29th, 2012. Note the four white, petal-like bracts at the base of the spike and three yellow stamens per individual flower. Photo: R.J.V. Alves. H. cordata The naturalized population of documented here occurs in the Itatiaia National Park in Brazil, near the intersection of the borders of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais states (voucher: BRASIL. Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, beiras de estrada D.entre Medeiros a Lagoa 405 Azul e a Casa dos Pesquisadores; 930–1115 m s.m., 22°26’42”–22°25’37” S, 044°36’39”–44°37’13”H. cordata W, (R 213593); Figures 1, 2, 3, 4). The only other South American herbarium collection of Figure 4. A dense stand of H. cordata freshly mowed by staff from Itatiaia that we are aware of is that of a cultivated plant from the Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden (collected on October 1940 National Park, November 8th, 2012. by A. Liberato Barroso, R no. 58460). The nearest reported Acknowledgments: naturalized population is from Costa Rica, Central We thank Léo Nascimento, Conselho Nacional de America, at ca. 1300 m s.m. in Braulio Carrillo National Pesquisa (CNPq) for grants to RJVA, DM, KA, RM; and Coordenação de Park (Missouri Botanical Garden 2012; Figure 3), 5,600 Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) to NGS and CM. H. cordata Our collection was authorized by Federal permit SISBIO-36704-1 in the km NNW from Itatiaia. name of Débora Medeiros. This record of is the first case of a naturalized Literature Cited In population of the family Saururaceae for South America. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World, Part 11 No previous records representing naturalized populations Brach, A.R. and X. Nian-he. 2005. Saururaceae. Pages 1–12 A.J.G. Wilson of this species in South America are available in several and A.E. Orchard (ed.). Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study Electronic database major databases consulted (Missouri Botanical Garden accessible at speciesplantarum.net/sites/default/files/floras/s/ 2012; Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil 2012; Sinbiota saururaceae.pdf. CapturedBidens on 06 pilosaNovember 2012.minor 2.0 2012; JBRJ 2012) nor in the major herbaria of Rio de Chang,and J.S., Houttuynia L.C. Chiang, cordata C.C. Chen, L.T.American Liu, K.C. Journal Wang ofand Chinese C.C. Liu, Medicine 2001. Antileukemic activity of L. var. (Blume) Sherff Janeiro state (R, RB). Thunb. 29: 300-312, eFloras. 2008. Electronic database accessible at http://www.efloras. org. Missouri Botanical Garden, & Harvard University Herbaria. Massachussetts.CapturedLandscape Horticulture on 06 November 2012. Frank, K.A. and M.N. Dana. 2012. Spreading Ornamental Plants: Virtues & Vices. 1: 1–4. Global Invasive Species Database. 2012. Electronic database accessible at http://www.issg.org/database/species.Houttuynia cordata Curtis’s Captured Botanical on 06 Magazine November 2012. Hooker, W.J. 1827. Matéria 1 (newMedica series): Oriental: plate um 2731. guia conciso Hsu, H.-Y., Y. Chen, C. Hsu, S. Shen; C. Chen and H. Chang. 1999. Jabot - Banco de Dados da Flora Brasileira. São Paulo: Roca. 168 p. JBRJ 2012. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Electronic databaseHouttuynia accessible cordataat http://www.jbrj.gov.br/jabot. Captured on 04 November 2012. Ng, AmericanL.T., C.W. JournalLiao and of ChineseC.C. Lin. Medicine 2007. Protective effect of extract on bleomicyn- induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Figure 3. Houttuynia cordata 35(3): 465-475. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. 2012. Electronic database accessible Location map indicating our collection of at http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012Plantas daninhas do Basil: Captured Terrestres, on 04 Novemberaquáticas, (red star) in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the nearest parasitas2012. e tóxicas th known location documented in herbaria, 5,600 km away, in Costa Rica, Lorenzi, H. 2008. Central America (pink star). 4 Ed. Nova Odessa: Ed. Plantarum. 672 p. 643 Alves et al. | Houttuynia cordata naturalized in South America Plantas medicinais no Brasil: nativas e exóticas nd Lorenzi, H. and F.J.A. Matos. 2008. Plantas ornamentais no Brasil: Sinbiota 2.0. 2012. Electronic database accessible at http://sinbiota.
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