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National Environmental Action Plan REPUBLIC of TAJIKISTAN National Environmental Action Plan REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN NationalNational EnvironmentalEnvironmental ActionAction PlanPlan DUSHANBE 2006 1 2 National Environmental Action Plan “APPROVED” by the Government Republic of Tajikistan № 191 dated from May 3, 2006 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN National Environmental Action Plan DUSHANBE 2006 3 UDK.: 311.502.3 (575.3) World Bank The National Environmental Action Plan for Republic of Tajikistan was developed by the Working Group and its Chair Mr. N.M. Safarov with the support and involvement of the following ministries, institutions and a number of international organizations: • The State Committee on Environmental Protection and Forestry of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The State Committee on Land Management of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The Institute of Economy of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan; • The National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center of the Republic of Tajikistan; • UN Development Program in the Republic of Tajikistan; • The World Bank. Copyright © 2006 Reference to the source is mandatory 4 National Environmental Action Plan Author: Safarov N. M. Head of Scientific-Research Laboratory for Nature Protection of the State Committee on Environ- mental Protection and Forestry of the Republic of Tajikistan UN Convention on Biodiversity and Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety National Focal Point Republic of Tajikistan With the participation of: Asrorov I.A. PhD, Deputy Director of the Institute of Economy of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Tajikistan Isufov U. Assistant Chairman of the State Committee of Land Management of the Republic of Tajikistan Mahmadaliev B.U. Head of the State Agency on Hydrometeorology of the Republic of Tajikistan Novikova T.M. Deputy Head of the National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center RT Khairulloev R. Deputy Head of the Nature Management Inspectorate of the State Committee on Environmental Protection and Forestry of the Republic of Tajikistan Author and the Working Group members express sincere gratitude to the Government RT, ministries and institutions, and international organizations for their contribution, support and materials provided in the course of the National Environmental Action Plan RT preparation. 5 National Consultants: Safarali Najmiddinov Minister of Finance of the Republic of Tajikistan Matlubkhon Davlatov State Adviser of the President RT Davlatsho Gulmahmadov Head of the State Committee on Land Management of the Republic of Tajikistan Khurshed Karimov Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Tajikistan Abdugaffor Raufi Director of the Institute of Economy of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Tajikistan International Consultants: Rita Csesti World Bank Project Coordinator Arcadie Capcelea World Bank Bekhruz Ross-Sheriff World Bank Emanuella Stephens World Bank Bobojon Yatimov World Bank Sukhrob Khoshmukhamedov UNDP Nargis Azizova UNDP Viktor Novikov UNEP 6 National Environmental Action Plan CONTENTS Preface ……………..………………………………………………………………………………… 9 IntroductionIntroduction …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 CHAPTER 1. NATURALNATURAL CONDITIONSCONDITIONS ANDAND ENVIRONMENTAENVIRONMENTAL AREA SUBDIVISION OF TAJIKISTAN ………………………………………………...............………………………………………………............................................................................................. 13 1.1. Natural conditions ………………………………………………………………........................ 13 1.2. Environmental state assessment of the Republic of Tajikistan and its area subdivision ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 16 1.3. Natural zones …………………………………………………………………………………….. 18 1.4. Environmental area subdivision ………………………………………………………………… 19 CHAPTER 2. THE NEAP PROCESS: IDENTIFYING REGIONAL PRIORITIES ...……………………………………………………………….………………………… 23 2.1. Review of key environmental issues …………………………………………………………… 23 2.2. Priority action areas ………………………………………...................................................... 23 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ISSUEISSUES AND PROPOSED ACTIONS……………………… 33 3.1. Environmental management …………………………………………………………………….. 33 3.2. Drinking water ……………………………………………………………………………………. 35 3.3. Sewerage systems ……………………………………………………………………………….. 37 3.4. Wastewaters ………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 3.5. Solid waste management ……………………………………………………………………….. 43 3.6. Air pollution ………………………………………………………………………………………... 47 3.7. Environmental hygiene ………………...………………………………………………………… 49 3.8. Land degradation and desertification …………………………………………………………... 52 3.9. Biological diversity ………………………………………………………………………………... 57 3.10. Environmental hazards and natural disasters ………………….……………………………. 63 3.11. Energy supply ……………………………………………………... ………………………….. 66 3.12. Climate change …………………………………………………………………………………. 68 3.13. Ozone layer ……………………………………………………………………………………... 71 3.14. Environmental education ………………………………………………………………………. 74 7 CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ……………………………………………………. 78 4.1. Policies, institutions and regulations …………………………………………………………. 78 4.2. Plan objectives and approaches ……………………………………………………………… 83 CHAPTER 5. IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION MECHMECHANISMS ……………………………………………... 86 5.1. Environmental management and economic benefits ……………………………………….. 86 5.2. Potential sources of financing and resources availability ………………………………….. 87 5.3. Institutional activities for the NEAP implementation ………………………………………… 88 ANNEX А: Glossary of terms used in the NEAP………………………………………………… 90 ANNEX B: Regulation for the working group on the NEAP implementation…………………... 91 ANNEX C: The NEAP working group membership ……….…………………………………….. 92 ANNEX D: Priority environmental projects………………………………………………………... 93 ANNEX E: Maps and project sites ………………………………………………………………… 122 ANNEX F: List of Acronyms and Abbreviations, Weights and Measures ……………………... 134 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………………. 136 8 National Environmental Action Plan PREFACE Harmonization of the human interactions with the environment and rational use of natural resources has become a priority issue for policy, economy and ecology. Thus, while signing international agreements, the top priority addresses to the country commitments of developing National Environmental Action Plans. Tajikistan National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP RT) is a strategic paper with a key goal of creating the foundation for optimal nature management actions and conservation of the fragile and valuable ecosystems that will promote sustainable and balanced environmental and economic development. Despite some existing economic concerns, Government of the Republic of Tajikistan is paying more and more attention to ecological problems. The country proceeds many activities with respect to improvement of the environmental state, ensuring environmentally acceptable nature management, national and regional environ- mental plans and programs are being implemented with support of international organizations serving a good ex- ample of uniting efforts of the government, the public at large, and relevant international organizations around the national environmental priorities. The NEAP document contains overall information of the country, and of methodology of identifying priorities basing on a series of national and local workshops organized in a number of country regions, most priority environ- mental issues and activities focusing on further reduction of negative human impact on the environment and im- provement of environmental state being the mayor factor ensuring physical, psychological and social welfare of the country population. The NEAP supplements and better specifies the set of activities envisioned by the State Environmental Program of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period 1998-2008, which in its turn has promoted positive changes into nature conservation and sustainable nature management activity. The NEAP proposes coordination of environmental activity implemented by state and local environmental authorities, integration of the NEAP proposed activities into all existing relevant national policies and programs, mainstreaming cooperation among institutions responsible for natural resources conservation and sustainable development. First results of the NEAP implementation are already visible in the country. This is proved by partnerships with international donor organizations and participation in international environmental conventions. Some key pri- orities of the NEAP are also harmonized with and reflected in a series of projects currently under execution in the country, among others, the Sarez Lake Outbreak Project (supported by WB credit) and the Gissar Ridge Biodiver- sity Conservation Project (financed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), etc. The NEAP promotes the existing programs, action plans and strategies relating to the nature management and environmental actions ensuring the smoothing of conflicts and the combination of principles of sustainable development of nature and society. We, therefore express our gratitude and appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, and to international organizations, in particular, the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) based in Tajikistan, which provided financial, consultative and technical support in the course of the NEAP prepa- ration. Finally, I would
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