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AN ANALYSE of the POTENTIAL for AQUACULTURE of SPOT PRAWNS (Pandalus Platyceros)

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AN ANALYSE of the POTENTIAL for AQUACULTURE of SPOT PRAWNS (Pandalus Platyceros) AN ANALYSE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR AQUACULTURE OF SPOT PRAWNS (Pandalus platyceros) IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA. by Charles Frank King BSc. Memonal University of Newfoundland. PROFESSIONAL PAPER SUBMIITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF AQUACULTURE in the Department of Biological Sciences Q Charles F. King 1997 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY June 1997 Al1 iights resenred. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other rneans, without permission of the author. National Library Biblioaréque nationale 1+1 ,,nad du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 WeIlingtan Street 395. nie Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distriiuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othmvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. iii ABSTRACT Shrimp faming is one of Vie largest aquaculture businesses throughout the worid. There are thousands of shrimp fams world-wide that produced alrnost 700,000 tonnes of shnmp in 1996 rnaking it the most widely traded seafood. The local spot prawn (Pandalus platycems) is presentiy being investigated as a potential subject for net pen mariculture in British Columbia. A review of the biology, markets and culture operations of P. platyceros was performed as well as an economic analysis of the proposed farming rnethod. Biologically P. platyceros has been successfully reared in confinement but factors such as poor feed conversion and relatively slow growth significanüy increase costs, making the likelihood of large scale operations tenuous. The economic feasibility of commercial spot prawn culture is marginal. Attempts Co grow these shnrnp for profit would require large smles of econorny and any failure would result in considerable financial setback. Unless these factors are overcome, it is unlikely that commercial success of spot prawn culture will be achieved. It is therefore recommended that a pilot project should be established to research the dynamics of a large sale culture operation of P. platycems. Dedication To my parents and Andrea. Thank you for al1 your support and patience. Table of Contents .. APPROVAL PAGE............................................................................................................................... II ... ABSTRACT .................................. -....................................................... -......................................... 118 DEDICATION............. ,........................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................... ....................................................... v ... LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................... -......................................... viii LIST OF FTGURES .................................................................................................................................... ix 1.1 [NTRODU~ON........................................................................................................................................... f 1.2 AN OVERVIEWOF AQUACULTURE.............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 World Aquaculture Statu .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Aquaculhue in Cam& ............................. .... ..................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 Aquaculîure in Britdh Columbia ...................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3.1 Drawbacks for cuItu~gin B.C ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 A REVIEWOF SHRIMPFARMING ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Shrimp Producfion ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1.1 Experiments in Altemate CIimatcs ........................... ....... ................................................................... 7 1.3.1.2 Altemate Grow-out Methods ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Culture of Pandalus plaryceros ............................ ... ..................................................................... 8 1.4 SCALMG UPFROM RESEARCHTO COMMERCIALSYSTEMS ......................................................................... 9 1.5 THEFISHERY .................... .... ............................................................................................................. 10 1.5.1 History ........................................................................................................................................... IO 1.5.2 Monitoring and Control ................................................................................. 13 1.6 MARKETS................... .. ......................................................................................................................... 14 1.6.1 General Shrimp Markets .................................................................................................................. I4 1.6.2 Cold Wuter Shrimp Markets ............... ... .......................**....*.........*.............................................. /j 1.6.3 Competition.................................................................................................................................... 17 1.7 POTENTIALAQUACULTURE OF P .PLATYCEROS ......................................................................................... 18 2. BIOLOGY OF PANDALUS PUTYCEROS ......................................................................................... 20 2.1 GENERALBIOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.2 LIFE CYCLE.............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.3 FECüNûrn! .............................................................................................................................................. 24 2.4 REPRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 25 2.4.1 Mating Behaviour .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.2 Sexing ............................................................................................................................................... 26 2.5 DISEASE................................................................................................................................................... 27 3. CONSIDERATIONS FOR CULTüRiNG P. PLATYCEROS ............................................................. 31 3.1 BROODSTOCK ........................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1 Transportution of Broodsrock ......................................................................................................... 32 3.2 DENS~................................................................................................................................................. 33 3.3 DISSOLVEDOXYGEN @O) ......................................................................................................................36 3.4 TEMPERATUREAND SALIMTY .................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.1 Transport of BroortrCock .............................................................................................................. 37 3.4.2 Incubation Period ............................................................................................................................ 37 REFl3RENCES ............................~................................................~...................................................... .....*.. 78 APPENDIX 1................................................................................................................................................ 85 PRAWN TRAPPING AREAS iN BRITISH COLUMBW.....................................*.... ..........,............ .85 APPENDIX II ...................................~.........~.................................~~.........~.................................................
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