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Of Combined Demersal Fish and Megabenthic Invertebrate Recurrent Groups on the Southern California Shelf and Upper Slope, July-October, 2003

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Of Combined Demersal Fish and Megabenthic Invertebrate Recurrent Groups on the Southern California Shelf and Upper Slope, July-October, 2003 Southern California Bight 2003 Regional Monitoring Program: IV. Demersal Fishes and Megabenthic Invertebrates March 2007 M.J. Allen1, T. Mikel 2, D. Cadien3, J.E. Kalman4, E.T. Jarvis1, K.C. Schiff1, D.W. Diehl1, S.L. Moore1, S. Walther3, G. Deets5, C. Cash5, S. Watts6, D.J. Pondella II7, V. Raco-Rands1, C. Thomas4, R. Gartman8, L. Sabin1, W. Power3, A.K. Groce8 and J.L. Armstrong4 1Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 2Aquatic Bioassay and Consulting Laboratory 3County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County 4Orange County Sanitation District 5City of Los Angeles, Environmental Monitoring Division 6 Weston Solutions, Inc. 7Occidental College, Vantuna Research Group 8City of San Diego, Metropolitan Wastewater Department THE BIGHT '03 TRAWL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Member Affiliation Chair - Dr. M. James Allen Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Co-Chair - Tim Mikel Aquatic Bioassay and Consulting Laboratories Dr. Jeff L. Armstrong Orange County Sanitation District Don Cadien County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County Curtis Cash City of Los Angeles, Environmental Monitoring Division Dr. Gregory Deets City of Los Angeles, Environmental Monitoring Division Dario W. Diehl Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Sarah Fangman Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Robin Gartman City of San Diego, Metropolitan Wastewater Department Ami K. Groce City of San Diego, Metropolitan Wastewater Department Erica T. Jarvis Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Dr. Julianne E. Kalman Orange County Sanitation District/University of California, Los Angeles/ currently California State University, Long Beach Shelly L. Moore Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Dr. Daniel J. Pondella, II Occidental College, Vantuna Research Group William Power County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County Valerie Raco-Rands Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Dr. Lisa Sabin Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Kenneth C. Schiff Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Christina Thomas Orange County Sanitation District Shelly Walther County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County Susie Watts Weston Solutions, Inc. i FOREWORD The Southern California Bight 2003 Regional Monitoring Program (Bight '03) is part of an effort to provide an integrated assessment of the Southern California Bight through cooperative regional-scale monitoring. Bight '03 is a continuation of regional surveys conducted in 1994 (SCBPP Steering Committee 1998) and 1998 (Bight '98 Steering Committee 2003), and represents the joint efforts of 58 organizations. Bight '03 is organized into three technical components: (1) Coastal Ecology; (2) Shoreline Microbiology; and (3) Water Quality. This report presents the results of the Demersal Fishes and Megabenthic Invertebrate portion of Bight '03, which is part of the Coastal Ecology component. Other Coastal Ecology components include sediment toxicology, sediment chemistry, and benthic macrofauna. Copies of this and other Bight '03 guidance manuals, data, and reports are available for download at www.sccwrp.org. The proper citation for this report is: Allen, M. J., T. Mikel, D. Cadien, J. E. Kalman, E. T. Jarvis, K. C. Schiff, D. W. Diehl, S. L. Moore, S. Walther, G. Deets, C. Cash, S. Watts, D. J. Pondella II, V. Raco-Rands, C. Thomas, R. Gartman, L. Sabin, W. Power, A. K. Groce, and J. L. Armstrong. 2007. Southern California Bight 2003 Regional Monitoring Program: IV. Demersal Fishes and Megabenthic Invertebrates. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project. Costa Mesa, CA. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Southern California Bight 2003 Regional Monitoring Program (Bight '03) Trawl Report Group worked cooperatively to write this report. Dr. M. James Allen, (Southern California Coastal Water Research Project; SCCWRP) was Chair of the Committee and responsible for organizing and conducting committee meetings, organizing the report as whole, and giving presentations of progress to the B'03 Coastal Ecology Committee. Tim Mikel (Aquatic Bioassay and Consulting Laboratories; ABC) was Co-Chair of the Committee, helped to organize section teams for conducting report analyses, and provided back-up to the Chair in conducting committee responsibilities. Valerie Raco- Rands (SCCWRP) and Shelly Walther (County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County; CSDLAC) developed the analytical database for the project. The coauthors made essential contributions (e.g., writing and/or data analysis to specific sections of the report or to the report as a whole: Dr. Allen (SCCWRP), overall editing and writing of report as needed, with special emphasis on assemblage section (recurrent group analysis, functional organization of fish communities, biointegrity indices), introduction, discussion, and conclusions. Tim Mikel (ABC), fish populations section; Don Cadien (County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County; CSDLAC), invertebrate populations and quality assurance/quality control sections; Dr. Julianne E. Kalman (Orange County Sanitation Districts/University of California, Los Angeles; OCSD/UCLA/CSULB), ectoparasites of fishes section; Erica Jarvis (SCCWRP), bioaccumulation section (pelagic forage fish contamination); Kenneth C. Schiff (SCCWRP), bioaccumulation section (pelagic forage fish contamination); Dario Diehl (SCCWRP), materials/methods and quality assurance/quality control sections; Shelly Moore (SCCWRP), debris section; Shelly Walther (CSDLAC), invertebrate and debris sections; Dr. Greg Deets (CLAEMD) assemblage section (cladistics analyses); Curtis Cash (City of Los Angeles, Environmental Monitoring Division; CLAEMD) assemblage section (cladistics analyses); Susie Watts (Weston Solutions, Inc.), assemblage section (cluster analyses); Dr. Daniel J. Pondella (Occidental College, Vantuna Research Group), assemblage (multidimensional scaling) and fish populations (fisheries species) sections; Valerie Raco-Rands (SCCWRP), designed report cover, conducted data analysis for assemblage section (recurrent group analysis, functional organization of fish communities, biointegrity indices) and for other sections as needed; Christina Thomas (OCSD), data analysis for fish populations section; Robin Gartman (CSDMWWD), fish populations (size distribution); Dr. Lisa Sabin (SCCWRP), bioaccumulation section (contamination in pelagic forage fish and flatfishes); William Power (CSDLAC), material and methods section, quality assurance/quality control section; Ami K. Groce (City of San Diego, Metropolitan Wastewater Department; CSDMWWD), and Dr. Jeff L. Armstrong (Orange County Sanitation Districts), technical review of report. The committee as a whole participated in the planning of the report, development of recommendations, as well as review of draft and final reports. The authors thank Kerry Ritter (SCCWRP) for statistical advice. The authors also thank the Bight '03 Coastal Ecology Committee for reviewing the draft reports. We are indebted to the Bight '03 Field Methods, Trawl Quality Assurance, and Analytical Chemistry Working Groups for ensuring high-quality data for this study. We thank workers at the following organizations for their assistance in field collection and data processing: ABC; Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; CLAEMD; CSDLAC; CSDMWWD; MBC Applied Environmental Sciences; Occidental College, Vantuna Research Group; OCSD; MEC Analytical Systems (now Weston Solutions, Inc.); and SCCWRP. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Demersal fishes and megabenthic invertebrates are found on the soft-bottom habitat, the predominant habitat of the mainland shelf, and hence are widely distributed on the southern California shelf and slope. Populations of these sedentary fishes and invertebrates have been monitored extensively during the past three decades to assess impacts of treated wastewater discharge to the shelf. During this period, inputs of many anthropogenic contaminants (e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons, trace metals) to the SCB decreased significantly, and discharge levels of these contaminants are presently low. Nevertheless, historical deposits of contaminants in the sediments may still affect populations of demersal fishes and invertebrates or organisms that feed on them. While demersal fish and megabenthic invertebrate populations in wastewater discharge areas have been well studied during the past 3-5 decades, less was known about their condition throughout southern California. Early reference or regional studies were limited in scope or based on compilations of data from studies conducted independently in local areas. The first synoptic regional survey of the demersal fauna of the mainland shelf of southern California was conducted in 1994. This study provided baseline information on the relative abundance of fish and invertebrate populations, distribution of their assemblages; the extent of contamination in fish tissue (flatfish livers); and distribution of anthropogenic debris. It showed that DDTs and PCBs were the primary contaminants found in fish tissue, but that levels had decreased in reference areas since the 1970s. Similarly, fish anomalies associated with outfall conditions had decreased in prevalence during this period. Fish and invertebrate assemblages varied more by depth than by region, with generally distinct assemblages in three depth-related life zones (inner shelf, middle shelf, and outer shelf). Fish assemblages appeared relatively healthy compared to the 1970s and invertebrate assemblages on the mainland shelf were described
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