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The Effects of Digital Music Distribution" (2012)
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Research Papers Graduate School Spring 4-5-2012 The ffecE ts of Digital Music Distribution Rama A. Dechsakda [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp The er search paper was a study of how digital music distribution has affected the music industry by researching different views and aspects. I believe this topic was vital to research because it give us insight on were the music industry is headed in the future. Two main research questions proposed were; “How is digital music distribution affecting the music industry?” and “In what way does the piracy industry affect the digital music industry?” The methodology used for this research was performing case studies, researching prospective and retrospective data, and analyzing sales figures and graphs. Case studies were performed on one independent artist and two major artists whom changed the digital music industry in different ways. Another pair of case studies were performed on an independent label and a major label on how changes of the digital music industry effected their business model and how piracy effected those new business models as well. I analyzed sales figures and graphs of digital music sales and physical sales to show the differences in the formats. I researched prospective data on how consumers adjusted to the digital music advancements and how piracy industry has affected them. Last I concluded all the data found during this research to show that digital music distribution is growing and could possibly be the dominant format for obtaining music, and the battle with piracy will be an ongoing process that will be hard to end anytime soon. -
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ARTICLE ADAPTING COPYRIGHT FOR THE MASHUP GENERATION PETER S. MENELL† Growing out of the rap and hip hop genres as well as advances in digital editing tools, music mashups have emerged as a defining genre for post-Napster generations. Yet the uncertain contours of copyright liability as well as prohibitive transaction costs have pushed this genre underground, stunting its development, limiting remix artists’ commercial channels, depriving sampled artists of fair compensation, and further alienating netizens and new artists from the copyright system. In the real world of transaction costs, subjective legal standards, and market power, no solution to the mashup problem will achieve perfection across all dimensions. The appropriate inquiry is whether an allocation mechanism achieves the best overall resolution of the trade-offs among authors’ rights, cumulative creativity, freedom of expression, and overall functioning of the copyright system. By adapting the long-standing cover license for the mashup genre, Congress can support a charismatic new genre while affording fairer compensation to owners of sampled works, engaging the next generations, and channeling disaffected music fans into authorized markets. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 443 I. MUSIC MASHUPS ..................................................................... 446 A. A Personal Journey ..................................................................... 447 B. The Mashup Genre .................................................................... -
Империя Jay Z: Как Парень С Улицы Попал В Список Forbes Zack O'malley Greenburg Empire State of Mind: How Jay Z Went from Street Corner to Corner Office
Зак Гринберг Империя Jay Z: Как парень с улицы попал в список Forbes Zack O'Malley Greenburg Empire State of Mind: How Jay Z Went from Street Corner to Corner Office Copyright © 2011, 2012, 2015 by Zack O’Malley Greenburg All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This edition published by arrangement with Portfolio, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC © Гусева А., перевод, 2017 © Оформление. ООО «Издательство «Эксмо», 2017 * * * Введение Четвертого октября 1969 года в 00 часов 10 минут по верхнему уровню Мертл- авеню в последний раз прогрохотал поезд наземки, навсегда скрывшись в ночи[1]. Два месяца спустя Шон Кори Картер, более известный как Jay Z, появился на свет и обрел свой первый дом в расположенном поблизости Марси Хаузес. Сейчас этот раскинувшийся на значительной территории комплекс однообразных шестиэтажных кирпичных зданий отделен пятью жилыми блоками от призрачных руин линии Мертл- авеню, вытянутой полой конструкции, которую никто так и не потрудился снести. В годы формирования личности Jay Z остальная территория Бедфорд-Стайвесант подобным же образом игнорировалась властями. В 1980-е, с расцветом наркоторговли, уроки спроса и предложения можно было получить за каждым углом. Прошлое Марси до сих пор дает о себе знать: железные ворота с внушительными замками, охраняющие парковочные места; номера квартир, белой краской выписанные по трафарету под каждым окном, выходящим на улицу, призванные помочь полиции в поисках скрывающихся преступников; и, конечно, скелет железной дороги над Мертл-авеню, буквально в нескольких шагах от современной станции, на которой теперь останавливаются поезда маршрутов J и Z. На этих страницах вы найдете подробную историю пути Jay Z от безрадостных улиц Бруклина к высотам мира бизнеса. -
The Grey Album and Musical Composition in Configurable Culture
What Did Danger Mouse Do? The Grey Album and Musical Composition in Configurable Culture This article uses The Grey Album, Danger Mouse’s 2004 mashup of Jay-Z’s Black Album with the Beatles’“White Album,” to explore the ontological status of mashups, with a focus on determining what sort of creative work a mashup is. After situating the album in relation to other types of musical borrowing, I provide brief analyses of three of its tracks and build upon recent research in configurable-music practices to argue that the album is best conceptualized as a type of musical performance. Keywords: The Grey Album, The Black Album, the “White Album,” Danger Mouse, Jay-Z, the Beatles, mashup, configurable music. Downloaded from captions. What’s most embarrassing about this is how http://mts.oxfordjournals.org/ immensely improved both cartoons turned out to be.”2 n 1989 Gary Larson published The PreHistory of The Far Larson’s tantalizing use of quotation marks around “acci- Side, a retrospective of his groundbreaking cartoon. In a dentally” implies that the editor responsible for switching the I section of the book titled Mistakes—Mine and Theirs, captions may have done so deliberately. If we assume this to be Larson discussed a couple of curious instances when the Dayton the case and agree that both cartoons are improved, a number of Daily News switched the captions for The Far Side with the one questions emerge. What did the editor do? He/she did not for Dennis the Menace, its neighbor on the comics page. The come up with a concept, did not draw a cartoon, and did not first of these two instances had, by far, the funnier result: on the compose a caption. -
Book 5 – Into My Mortal – the Poetry of Allison
Into My Mortal Allison Grayhurst Edge Unlimited Publishing 2 Into My Mortal Copyright © 2004 by Allison Grayhurst First addition All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage, retrieval and transmission systems now known or to be invented without permission in writing from the author, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. Cover Art (sculpture): “Girl” © 2012 by Allison Grayhurst Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Grayhurst, Allison, 1966- Into My Mortal “Edge Unlimited Publishing” Poems. ISBN-13: 978-1478228585 ISBN-10: 147822858X Into My Mortal by Allison Grayhurst Title ID: 3934892 3 Table of Contents New Era 7 Vacant Underground 8 SomeOne New 9 I Do Not Try To Understand 10 Under My Skin 11 Corner of a Dream 12 In The Name 13 New Tree in the Garden 14 Hard Pressed 15 Interlude 16 Only One 17 Six Months Pregnant 18 For Life 19 Kind Escape 20 Pulled from the Lifeless Waters 21 Hard As Cain 22 One Little Heart 23 Looking At Pictures 24 Storm 25 Listening to the Talk 26 Pure and Plastic 27 Born 28 How Lucky I Am 29 In Doubt 30 Hard Time Singing 31 Hood 32 Out From Under 33 No Direction 34 I Know That 35 Until The Ladder Shows 36 New House 37 Tribe 38 Flies 39 4 Still 40 Every Height I Fall 41 Legacy 42 Serpent in my Shoe 43 On this Dock 44 Thinking Outside 45 I Long To Know 46 Mustard Seed 47 This Vision In Hiding 48 Overpass 49 I see the things 50 I Sleep In The Rain -
Danger Mouse's Grey Album, Mash-Ups, and the Age of Composition
Danger Mouse's Grey Album, Mash-Ups, and the Age of Composition Philip A. Gunderson © 2004 Post-Modern Culture 15.1 Review of: Danger Mouse (Brian Burton), The Grey Album, Bootleg Recording 1. Depending on one's perspective, Danger Mouse's (Brian Burton's) Grey Album represents a highpoint or a nadir in the state of the recording arts in 2004. From the perspective of music fans and critics, Burton's creation--a daring "mash-up" of Jay-Z's The Black Album and the Beatles' eponymous 1969 work (popularly known as The White Album)--shows that, despite the continued corporatization of music, the DIY ethos of 1970s punk remains alive and well, manifesting in sampling and low-budget, "bedroom studio" production values. From the perspective of the recording industry, Danger Mouse's album represents the illegal plundering of some of the most valuable property in the history of pop music (the Beatles' sound recordings), the sacrilegious re-mixing of said recordings with a capella tracks of an African American rapper, and the electronic distribution of the entire album to hundreds of thousands of listeners who appear vexingly oblivious to current copyright law. That there would be a schism between the interests of consumers and the recording industry is hardly surprising; tension and antagonism characterize virtually all forms of exchange in capitalist economies. What is perhaps of note is that these tensions have escalated to the point of the abandonment of the exchange relationship itself. Music fans, fed up with the high prices (and outright price-fixing) of commercially available music, have opted to share music files via peer-to-peer file sharing networks, and record labels are attempting in response to coerce music fans back into the exchange relationship. -
Illinois Wesleyan University IWU Student Senate Names New President
January 16, 2009 Athergus VOLUME 115 | ISSUE 12 Illinois Wesleyan University IWU Student Senate names new president NICOLE TRAVIS Afolabi, Jedrzejczak or junior STAFF REPORTER presidential candidate Emily Vock earned a majority of votes as After four elections and a three- required by the election code. week lag in notifying the student Because Afolabi and Vock had body, Student Senate named jun- received the most votes, ior Babawande Afolabi the 2009- Jedrzejczak was removed from the 2010 president. race and a run-off election ended “I was humbled,” Afolabi said in Afolabi’s favor. Sophomore of his win. “Looking back three or Matt Hastings, who ran uncontest- four years ago, I was back in ed, won the title of vice president. Nigeria, and then to be named the “After we had the second run- Student Senate president of a fine ning of the election and it went institution like this? It’s unbeliev- into the run-off, I felt a little bit able.” happy because that showed that But for Afolabi, the victory fol- there was nothing like a name MIKE WHITFIELD/THE ARGUS lowed several complications. advantage [from the large publici- Above: Babwande Afolabi, the recent Student Senate President-elect, speaks at the Student Senate During the initial election peri- ty materials],” Afolabi said. “If debates last November. Afolabi won the position after four elections were held. od, Student Senate received an there were a name advantage, I anonymous complaint against probably should have won out- Afolabi and junior presidential right.” candidate Casey Jedrzejczak for The counts for all election votes Normal Police apprehend Shepard publicity materials exceeding the were withheld due to Student size limit defined in the Senate Senate policy. -
Htemships Offer Popular Afternative Creased to 15 Counts in 2008 from Focused on Removing the Veazie 11 in 2007
ALUMNI NEWS \ D1WALI FESTIVAL Campus Kulik '76 crime stats counts published river fish By MICHAEL BROPHY By EMMA CREEDEN ASSISTANT NEWS EDITOR CONTRIBUTING WRITER Earlier mis month, College Se- The Penobscot River Restora- curity submitted the College's tion Project is an assertive, ag- 2008 Campus Crime Statistics to gressive, public-private attempt to the U.S. Department of Educa- restore native fish populations in tion and posted the information the Penobscot River. on the Department of Security Over 150 years of land clear- web page. ing, sewage waste and industrial In accordance with federal law, pollution by pulp, paper, textile the report must list the counts for and lumber mills turned the river an array of potential campus into what Brandon Kulik '76 crimes, ranging from burglary all refers to as a "biological desert." the way to murder and arson for The Penobscot River contin- the calendar year of 2008. The ued to succumb to extreme statistics from 2008 are listed amounts of sludge and contami- next to the same statistics for the ¦ nation until the passage of the — CHRIS KASPRA1VTHE CWBY ECHO calendar years 2006 and 2007. Clean Water Act in 1972 and a se- Students danced for a crowd in Foss on Friday to celebrate the holiday of lights. The event featured traditional Indian song and dance. The statistic that stands out ries of hydro quality reforms in most in the report is the signifi- the 1980s. cant increase in larceny, which Today, the Penobscot River increased to 86 counts in 2008 Restoration Project is issuing a from 53 in 2007. -
Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except for Me and My Lawsuit
Schneiderman, D. (2006). Everybody’s Got Something to Hide Except for Me and My Lawsuit: William S. Burroughs, DJ Danger Mouse, and the Politics of “Grey Tuesday”. Plagiary: Cross‐Disciplinary Studies in Plagiarism, Fabrica‐ tion, and Falsification, 191‐206. Everybody’s Got Something to Hide Except for Me and My Lawsuit: William S. Burroughs, DJ Danger Mouse, and the Politics of “Grey Tuesday” Davis Schneiderman E‐mail: [email protected] Abstract persona is replaced by a collaborative ethic that On February 24, 2004, approximately 170 Web makes the audience complicit in the success of the sites hosted a controversial download of DJ Danger “illegal” endeavor. Mouse’s The Grey Album, a “mash” record com- posed of The Beatles’s The White Album and Jay-Z’s The Black Album. Many of the participating Web sites received “cease and desist” letters from EMI Mash-Ups: A Project for Disastrous Success (The Beatles’s record company), yet the so-called “Grey Tuesday” protest resulted in over 100,000 If the 2005 Grammy Awards broadcast was the downloads of the record. While mash tunes are a moment that cacophonous pop‐music “mash‐ relatively recent phenomenon, the issues of owner- ups” were first introduced to grandma in Peoria, ship and aesthetic production raised by “Grey Tues- day” are as old as the notion of the literary “author” the strategy’s commercial(ized) pinnacle may as an autonomous entity, and are complicated by have been the November 2004 CD/DVD release deliberate literary plagiarisms and copyright in- by rapper Jay‐Z and rockers Linkin Park, titled, fringements. -
The Pleasure of the Intertext: Towards a Cognitive Poetics of Adaptation
!1 THE PLEASURE OF THE INTERTEXT: TOWARDS A COGNITIVE POETICS OF ADAPTATION A dissertation presented by Meg Tarquinio to The Department of English In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of English Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts April, 2017 !2 THE PLEASURE OF THE INTERTEXT: TOWARDS A COGNITIVE POETICS OF ADAPTATION by Meg Tarquinio ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Literature in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University April, 2017 !3 ABSTRACT The field of adaptation studies has been diagnosed as lacking consensus around its main tenets, especially those that would build a strong ontological foundation. This study participates in the burgeoning critical approach that places cognitive science in conversation with literary theory, looking towards the start of a cognitive turn in adaptation studies. Specifically, I offer the axiom that adaptations are analogies. In other words, I advance the original argument that adaptations are the textual expression of the cognitive function of analogy. Here, I’m using a cognitive theory of analogy as the partial mapping of knowledge (objects and relations) from a source domain to a target domain. From this vantage point, I reassess the theoretical tensions and analytical practices of adaptation studies. For instance, the idea of essence is an anathema within academic studies of adaptation, yet it continues to hold sway within popular discourse. My approach allows for a productive return to essence, not as some mystical quality inherent in an original text and then indescribably transmitted to its adaptation, but as the expression of a key sub-process of analogical reasoning – what Douglas Hofstadter refers to, conveniently, as “essence” or “gist extraction.” This line of argument demonstrates the degree to which André Bazin’s 1948 theorization of adaptation is in line with this cognitive version of essence. -
Theft, Transformation, and the Need of the Immaterial: a Proposal for a Fair Use Digital Sampling Regime
ASHTAR_FORMAT_YS.DOCX 9/20/2009 1:17 PM THEFT, TRANSFORMATION, AND THE NEED OF THE IMMATERIAL: A PROPOSAL FOR A FAIR USE DIGITAL SAMPLING REGIME By Reuven Ashtar* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 263 II. MUSICAL COPYRIGHT IS INCOHERENT .......................... 265 A. SAMPLING AS THEFT ................................................. 265 1. Grand Upwrong ........................................................ 265 2. Trolling for Samples ................................................. 268 3. Malice and Deceit ..................................................... 269 B. THE DISJOINTED LICENSING SCHEME ................ 269 1. Master Use & Synchronization Licenses ................ 270 2. The Scope of Musical Copyrights ............................ 270 3. Moral Rights ............................................................. 271 4. Licensing Rates ........................................................ 273 5. Penalties ................................................................... 276 C. COURTS MUDDLE THE REGIME .............................. 276 1. Bridgeport Music ...................................................... 276 2. Newton ...................................................................... 279 III. CREATIVE SAMPLING & COPYRIGHT .................................... 280 A. THE ORIGINS OF COPYRIGHT .................................. 281 1. English Origins ........................................................ 281 2. American Origins .................................................... -
Adapting Copyright for the Mashup Generation
ARTICLE ADAPTING COPYRIGHT FOR THE MASHUP GENERATION PETER S. MENELL† Growing out of the rap and hip hop genres as well as advances in digital editing tools, music mashups have emerged as a defining genre for post-Napster generations. Yet the uncertain contours of copyright liability as well as prohibitive transaction costs have pushed this genre underground, stunting its development, limiting remix artists’ commercial channels, depriving sampled artists of fair compensation, and further alienating netizens and new artists from the copyright system. In the real world of transaction costs, subjective legal standards, and market power, no solution to the mashup problem will achieve perfection across all dimensions. The appropriate inquiry is whether an allocation mechanism achieves the best overall resolution of the trade-offs among authors’ rights, cumulative creativity, freedom of expression, and overall functioning of the copyright system. By adapting the long-standing cover license for the mashup genre, Congress can support a charismatic new genre while affording fairer compensation to owners of sampled works, engaging the next generations, and channeling disaffected music fans into authorized markets. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 443 I. MUSIC MASHUPS ..................................................................... 446 A. A Personal Journey ..................................................................... 447 † Koret Professor of Law and Director, Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, University of California at Berkeley, School of Law. I thank my sons Dylan and Noah, Peter DiCola, Kembrew McLeod, Gregg Gillis, DJ Guzie, and DJ Solarz for inspiration and background about mashup culture. I also thank Mark Avsec, Jane Ginsburg, Eric Goldman, Molly Van Houweling, David Nimmer, Dotan Oliar, Sean Pager, and participants at the Berkeley Law IP Scholarship Seminar, Berkeley Law Faculty Seminar, and Fifth Annual Internet Law Work-in-Progress Conference for comments.