Numerics A 10 GbE 10 Gigabit A All lines 10 GFC 10 Gigabit Fibre Channel (Same A/D Analog-to-Digital as FC1200) AA Agile Access 1000BaseT 1000 Megabits per Second, Base- AAC Advanced Audio Coding; Alter- band, Twisted Pair nate Area Code 100BaseT 100 Megabits per second, Base- AADC Automated Area Distribution band, Twisted pair Center 100BASE-T2 100 Megabits per Second, Base- AADS Ameritech Advanced Data Ser- band, Two-pair Category 3 UTP vices cables AAL ATM Adaptation Layer 100BASE-T4 100 Megabits per Second, Base- band, Four-pair Category 3 UTP AAL0 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 0 cables AAL1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1 100G 100 Gigabits AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2 Trans- 100VG 100 Voice Grade (IEEE 802.12 port AnyLAN Standard) AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3 and 10BASE-T 10 Megabits per second, Base- 4 band, Twisted pair AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 16-QAM 16 (points) Quadrature Amplitude AAP Alternate Access Provider Modulation AAPR Annual Average Performance Ratio 1FB Single line, Flat Business rate AAR Automatic Alternate Routing 2F Two-Fiber AAS Adaptive Antenna System 2W Two Wire AASR Abbreviated Access Service 3D 3-Dimensional Request 3G Third-Generation archi- AAV Alternate Access Vendor tecture ABR Available Bit Rate; Available 3GIP Third-Generation Protocol Rate 3GPP Third-Generation Partnership ABT Advanced BiCMOS Technology Project AC Alternating Current; Administra- 3GSM Third-Generation Global System tive Complex; Atomic Clock; for Mobile (communications) Always Connected; Area Code 3RNGR Three Ringer AC-3 Audio Coding Revision 3 3WC Three-Way Calling ACA Automatic Circuit Assurance 3WO Third Wire Open ACAC Actual Call Admission Control 40G 40 Gigabits ACAP Application Configuration Access 4C Consortium of Intel, IBM, Matsu- Protocol shita, and Toshiba ACC Automatic Carrier Control 4F Four-Fiber ACD Automatic Call Distribution 4G Fourth-Generation wireless architec- ture (ie: LTE- long term evolution) ACE Adaptive Communication Envi- ronment 4W Four-Wire ACEG Alternating Current Equipment 4WA Four-Wire Analog Ground 4WAI Four-Wire Analog Interface ACK Acknowledge 4WE&M Four-Wire Ear and Mouth ACL Active Control List; Access Con- 5C Consortium of Intel, Sony, Matsu- trol List shita, Toshiba, and Hitachi ACO Alarm Cutoff 802.11 HR High data Rate IEEE 802.11 Wire- ACQ Acquire less LAN protocol 1 ACR Allowed Cell Rate AIS-S Alarm Indication Signal-Section ACS Automatic Channel Shutdown; AIS-V VT Alarm Indication Signal Alarm Correlation and Suppres- ALI Automatic Location Identification sion ALMLED2U Alarm LED 2 RU (Online Edge ACSE Association Control Service Ele- Platform) ment ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown; Ap- ACSS Automatic Channel Shutdown plication Layer Service Suppression; Automatic Channel Shutdown State AM Amplitude Modulation; Applica- tion Manager ACT Active AMF APS Mode Mismatch Failure ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter; Add/Drop Coupler AMI Access Method Interface; Alter- nate Mark Inversion ADI Asset Distribution Interface AMP Amplifier; Amperes ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer AMS Asset Management System; ADP Actual Departure Potential; Auto- Agent Management System matic Data Processing ANI Automatic Number Identification ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ANSI American National Standards Institute ADT Actual Departure Time; Auto- matic Data Transmission AO Autonomous Output AE Automation Engine; Automation AOD Advertising on Demand Environment APC Angled Physical Contact AES Advanced Encryption Standard; APD Avalanche Photo Diode Application Environment Specific API Application Program Interface AESA ATM End System Address; ATM APS Automatic Protection Switching End Station Address APSBF Automatic Protection Switching AFDX Avionics Full Duplex Switched Byte Failure Ethernet APSCM Automatic Protection Switching AFI Authority and Format Identifier Channel Mismatch AFM APS Mode Mismatch Failure APSMM Automatic Protection Switching AGC Automatic Gain Control; Access Mode Mismatch Group Controller ARC Alarm Reporting Control AGGR Aggregate ARIN American Registry for Internet AID Access Identifier; Application Numbers Identifier ARP Address Resolution Protocol AIM Auto Image Management; Active ARPU Average Revenue Per Unit (or User) Inventory Map AS Autonomous System; Application AIN Advanced Intelligent Network Server AINI ATM Inter-Network Interface ASAP Alarm Severity Assignment Profile AINS Automatic In Service State ASCII American Standard Code for AIR Additive Increase Rate Information Interchange AIS Alarm Indication Signal ASD Access Security Device AISDP Alarm Indication Signal Decay ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission; Period Application Service Element AISIP Alarm Indication Signal Integra- ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface; tion Period Asynchronous SCSI Interface AIS-L Alarm Indication Signal-Line ASIC Application-Specific Integrated AIS-P Alarm Indication Signal-Path Circuit

2 ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One AUI Autonomous Unit Interface ASP Applications Service Provider; AU-n Administrative Unit “n” Average Selling Price AUP Acceptable Use Policy ASR Automatic Send-Receive AUX Auxiliary ASYNC Asynchronous AVC Attribute Value Change AT Advanced Technology; Access AVD Alternate Voice/Data Terminal; Attention Command AVR Automated Voice Response AT&T American Telephone and Tele- graph Company AWA Advanced Wireless Access ATA Advanced Technology Attach- AWG American Wire Gauge; Arbitrary ment Wave Guide ATAF ATM Test Access Function AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise ATAG Autonomous Tag AWS Advanced Wireless Services ATAGSEQ Autonomous Tag Sequence AZDL Adjusted Zonal Daily Load ATB Above-ground Telecommunica- tions Backbone; All Trunks Busy B ATC Alarm Traffic Controller B Bits ATDMA Asynchronous Time Division B3G Beyond Third-Generation Multiple Access B3ZS Bipolar 3 Zero Substitution A-TDMA Advanced Time Division Multiple B6ZS Bipolar 6 Zero Substitution Access B8ZS Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identifica- BABT British Approvals Board for Tele- tion System communications ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BAF Bellcore AMA (Automatic Mes- ATM SAM ATM Service Access Multiplexer sage Accounting) Format ATMVCL ATM Virtual Channel Link BAN Building Area Network ATMVPL ATM Virtual Path Link BASH BAndwidth SHaring AToM Any Transport over MPLS (Multi- BASH-R BAndwidth SHaring with Re- Protocol Label Switching) source constraints ATR Advanced BC Burst Copy Research BC Committed Burst size ATRAC Adaptive TRansform Acoustic BCD Binary-Coded Decimal Coding BCIX Berlin Commercial Internet eX- ATS Automatic Transfer Switch change ATTN Attenuator BCM Bit Compression Multiplexer ATTRA Appropriate Technology Transfer BCP Before Cell Phones for Rural Areas B-CPE Broadband Customer Premises ATU-C ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Sub- Equipment scriber Line) Transceiver Unit- Central office end BDS Bundled Digital Services ATU-R ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Sub- BDSL Broadband Digital Subscriber scriber Line) Transceiver Unit- Line Remote terminal end BEAR Billed Entity Applicant Reimburse- ATZ Attention: Reset modem ment AU/AU-x Administrative Unit BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification AuBW AutoBot Walkthrough BER Bit Error Rate AUG Administrative Unit Group BE-RS Block Errors-Regenerative Section

3 BER-SD-P Path Signal Degrade BER BONDING Bandwidth ON Demand Interop- BER-SF-P Path Signal Failure BER erability Group BERT Bit Error Rate Test BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol BFP Back Facet Power; Basic Format BORSCHT Battery feed, Overvoltage protec- Packet tion, Ringing, Signaling, Coding, Hybrid, and Testing BFS Broadcast File System BOT Baseline Of Text BFW Broadband Fixed Wireless BP Backplane BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Func- tions BPI Baseline Privacy Interface BGP Border Gateway Protocol BPI+ Baseline Privacy Interface Plus BGP4 Border Gateway Protocol, version B-PON Broadband Passive Optical Net- 4 work BGSA Banded Geographical Service BPoP Building Point of Presence Area BPP Backplane Protocol BHA Busy Hour Attempts BPS Baud Per Second BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts bps bits per second BHCC Busy Hour Call Completions BPSK Binary Phase-Shift Keying BHP Burst Header Packet BPSR Bidirectional Path Switched Ring BICI Broadband Inter-Carrier Interfaces; BPT Band Pass-Through B-ISDN Inter-Carrier Interface BPV BiPolar Violations B-ICI Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface BR Basic Rate BICSI Building Industry Consulting BRA Basic Rate Access Services International BRAN Broadband Radio Access Network BIOS Basic Input/Output System B-RAS Broadband Remote Access Server BIP Bit Interleaved Parity; Breaker Interface Panel BREW Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless BISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network BRI Basic Rate Interface B-ISDN Broadband ISDN BRITE Basic Rate Interface Transmission Extension BIT Built-In Test; Binary Digit BRM Backward RM BITS Building Integrated Timing System BS Basic Service; Broadcast Satellite; bits/sym Bits per Symbol Burst Selector BIU Bus Interface Unit BSA Basic Service Area BLER BLock Error Rate BSC Bi-Synchronous Communications; BLERT BLock Error Rate Test Board SC Connector BLP Burst Loss Probability BSM Broadband Satellite Multimedia BLSR Bidirectional Line Switched Ring BSP Board Support Package BM Maximum Burst size BSRF Basic System Reference Frequency BML Business Management Layer BSS Business Support System; Broad- BNC Bayonet Neill-Concelman British band Switching System; Basic National Connector Service Set BNT Broadband Networking Technology BT Backtrace, Beginning Tag, British Telecom; Burst Tolerance, Busy BOC Bell Operating Company Tone BOD Bandwidth on Demand Btag Beginning Tag BOL Beginning of Life BTE Broadband Terminal Equipment BOM Bill Of Materials

4 BTM Bits Termination Circuit Pack CB Call Back BTMS BITEK Telecommunications Man- CBCU Centralized Broadband Control agement System Unit BTN Billing Telephone Number CBO Call-Back Only BTO Build Transfer Operate CBQ Class-Based Queuing BTS Business Telecom Services; Best CBR Constant Bit Rate Transmission Second; Base Trans- CBWFQ Class-Based Weighted Fair ceiver Station Queueing BTU/hr British Thermal Unit per hour CC Call Control BU Back Up CCBS Completion of Call to Busy Sub- BUC Block Up-Converter scriber BUR Bandwidth Usage Redundancy CCC Clear Channel Capability BW Bandwidth CCEA Cross Connect Equipment As- BWDM Band Wavelength Division Multi- signment plexer CCH Common CHannel BWX Broadband Wireless Exchange CCIS Common Channel Interoffice BYOD Bring Your Own Device Signaling BYOP Bring Your Own Portal CCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique BYT Total Byte Count (now ITU-T) CCNA Cisco Certified Network Adminis- C trator C Collect; Connection; Connectivity CCR Customer Controlled Reconfigu- C/R Control/Response indication bit ration CAB Conformity Assessment Body CCS Call Center Service CABS Carrier Access Billing System CCS Centa- (hundred) Call Seconds CAC Carrier Access Code; Connection CCS Common Channel Signaling Admission Control CCSA Common Control Switching Ar- CACH Call Appearance Call Handling; rangement Connection Access License CCSD Cellular Circuit Switched Data CAL Customer Access Line CD Carrier Detect: Channel Delay; CALA Customer Address Location Area Connect DIrect CALC Customer Access Line Charge CDA Communications Decency Act of CALEA Communications Assistance for 1996 Law Enforcement Act CDM Code Division CAPS Call Attempts Per Second CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CAPTAIN Character And Pattern Telephone CDO Community Dial Office Access Information Network CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data CAR Committed Access Rate CDR Call Detail Record; Clock and CAS Carrier Activity Sensor Data Recovery CAS Channel Associated Signaling CDSL Consumer Digital Subscriber Line CASE Common Application Service Ele- CELL Caller Enabled Leased Line ments CEP Communication End Point CASP Communications Application CEPT Committee of European Postal & Service Provider Telephone (authorities) CAT Charges, Access, and Terms CES Circuit Emulation Service CATV CEV Controlled Environment Vault

5 CF Call Forward; Carrier Furnished; CLK Clock Coin First CLLM Consolidated Link Layer Manage- CFA Carrier Facility Assignment; Car- ment rier Failure Alarm CLNP ConnectionLess-mode Network CFNA Call Forwarding No Answer Protocol CFO Core Funded Organization CLP Cell Loss Priority CFOT Certified Fiber Optic Technician CLS Current Level of Service CFR-47 Code of Federal Regulations Title CLTP Connectionless Transport Protocol 47 (FCC) cm centimeter CFS Call For Service CM Control Module; Cable Modem; CFS Customer Facing Service Connection Manager CFU Call Forward Unconditionally CMAP Connection Management Access CGA Carrier Group Alarm Protocol CGI Cell Global Identity CM-CLI Control Module Command Line Interface CGSA Cellular Geographic Service Area CME Compressed Multiplication CGT Consultants Group for Telecom- Equipment munications CMF Channel Mismatch Failure; Client CHE Central Head-End Management Frame CHTML Compact HyperText Markup CMIP Common Management Informa- Language tion Protocol CI CHARM Interface CMIS Common Management Informa- CI Customer Installation tion Services CIC Carrier Identification Code CMISE Common Management Informa- CICT Commission on Information and tion Service Element Communications Technology CMM Calls, Minimums, Maximums; CID Cell IDentification number Cable Management Module CID Craft Interface Device CMOS Cellular Management Operation System, Complementary Metal- CIL Call Identification Line Oxide CIP Carrier Identification Parameter CMP Connection Management Proce- CIP Channel Interface Processor dure CIPoA Classical Internet Protocol over CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate ATM (Asynchronous Transfer CMS Call Management Server Mode) CMT Commercial Metering Transpon- CIR Committed Information Rate der CIRC Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon CMTS Cable Modem Termination Sys- Code tem; Cellular Mobile Telephone CIU Communications Interface Unit System CLASS Cell Level ATM (Asynchronous CMU Clock Multiplier Unit Transfer Mode) Services Simulator C-n Container C-11=1,544 Mb/s; CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling C-12=2,048 Mb/s; C-2=6,312 Services Mb/s; C-3=34,368 Mb/s and CLD Cross-Layer Design 44,736 Mb/s; C-4=139,264 Mb/s CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier CNA Called Number Authority; Cell Not Available CLI Calling Line Identification CND Calling Number Display CLID Calling Line IDentifier CNG Comfort Noise Generation CLIP Caller Line Identification Presen- tation CNIPS Core Network Integrated Plan- ning System 6 CNIR Carrier-to-Noise/Ingress Ratio CPCN Certificate of Public Convenience CNM Customer Network Management and Necessity CNMP Customer Network Management CPD Common Path Distortion Portal CPE Customer Premises Equipment; CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ration Customer Provided Equipment CO Central Office; Central Opera- CPEB Channel Partner Enablement tions Briefing COAM Customer-Owned And Main- CPG Converged Packet Gateway tained CPI Computer-PBX Interface COAX CPIC Cost Per Inbound Call COB Change Of Billing C-Plane Control Plane COBRA Copper and Optical Broadband CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Remote Access Device CoC Carrier of Carriers CPM Cross-Phase Modulation COC Central Office Connection CPN Calling Party Number CODEC Coder/Decoder CPOP Circuit Precedence Over Packet COE Central Office Equipment data COFA Change of Frame Alignment CPP Calling Party Pays COIC Central Office Interface Circuit CPRM Content Protection for Record- able Media COLD Central Office Layout Design CPS Carrier Pre-Select; Customer COLL Collision Count Premises System COMDEX Computer Dealers Exposition CPT Channel Pass-Through; Cellular COMPANDER COMpressor/exPANDER Paging Teleservice COMS Cambridge Open Mobile System CPTTAG Connection Termination Point CONDTYPE Condition Type Tag CONS Connection Oriented Network CPU Central Processing Unit Service CR Circuit Reliability; Carriage Re- COO Chief Operating Officer turn; Critical Alarm; Call Refer- ence COPS Common Open Policy Services CRA Constant Rate Allocation COPS Common Open Policy Service CRACK Challenge Response for Authenti- COR Carrier Operated Relay cated Crypto Keys CORBA Common Object Request Broker CRBT Caller Ring Back Tone; Color Ring Architecture Back Tone COS Class of Service; Common Object CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Services; CORBA Object Services CRG Circuit Restoration Group CoS Class of Service CRIS Carrier Route Information System COT Central Office Terminal CR-LDP Constraint-based Routing Label COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf Distribution Protocol CP Circuit Pack; Control Processor; CRLF Carriage Return Line Feed Connection Provisioner; Call Processing; Customer Premise; CRS Cross Connect Charging Party; Cell Phone CRS Cell Relay Service CPC Crosstalk Prevention Coding; CRT Cathode Ray Tube; Combined Calling Party Control Rlogin and Telnet CPCI Compact Peripheral Component CRV Call Reference Value Interconnect

7 CRx Line Client Receive Line CTAM Cable & Telecommunications As- CS Cable Select; Carrier Sense; Cen- sociation for Marketing tral Station; Clear to Send; Com- CTB Composite Triple Beat munication Satellite; Control CTC Common Transmit Clock Sub-span; Convergence Sublayer; CoreStream CTD Cell Transfer Delay CSA Canadian Standards Association; CTE Computer Telephony Engine Central Service Area CTG Cradle-To-Grave CSAA Central Service Area Authority CTI Computer Telephone Integration CSAP Core Service Access Point CTIA Cellular Telecommunciations and CSC Command Signal and Control Internet Association CSCF Call/Session Control Function CTN Core Transmission Network CSD Core Switching Division CTP Connection Termination Point CSDU Core Service Data Unit CTR Carrier Telegraph Receiver; Co- vert Telephone Recording CSES Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds CTS Clear To Send; Call Tracking System; Cordless Telephone CSF Common Service Framework System Csh C shell CTSO Cellular Telephone Service Order CSH Common Signal Header CTx Line Client Transmit Line CSI Convergence Sublayer Indicator CU Channel Unit CSM Core Switching Manager CUA Call Unit Autodialer CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access CUG Closed User Group CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ CUSA Central Urban Service Area Collision Avoidance CV Code Violation CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CV-FE Code Violation-Far End CSMACD Carrier Sense Multiple Access CV-L Code Violation-Line with Collision Detection CV-P Code Violation-Path C-SMF Conventional Single Mode Fiber CV-PFE Code Violation-Path Far End CSO Composite Second Order CV-S, CVS Code Violation-Section; Code CSP Customer Service Profile; Con- Violation-Seconds tinuous Speech Processing; CVSD Continuously Variable Slope, Converged Service Platform Delta modulation CS-PDU Convergence Sub-layer Protocol CVT Circuit Validation Test Data Unit CW Clockwise; Continuous Wave CSR Customer Service Representative; CWC Center Weight Control Customer Service Request CWT/CCWT Cleared While Testing or Came CS-RZ Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero Clear While Testing CSS Customer Service System CYTA CYprus Telecommunications CST Central Standard Time Authority CSU Channel Service Unit; Customer D Service Unit CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit/Data Service D&C Drop and Continue Unit D/A Digital-to-Analog CSUR ConScript Unicode Registry D/I Drop and Insert CSV Comma-Separated Value; Circuit D3 Digital channel bank, Third- Switched Voice Generation CT Channel Termination; Computer D4 Digital channel bank, Fourth- Telephony; Critical Generation 8 DAC Digital to Analog Converter; DCF Dispersion-Compensating Fiber; Digital Addressable Controller Distributed Coordination Function DACS Digital Access and Cross-Connect DCG Dispersion Compensation Grating System DCH Discrete CHannel DAD Direct Access Devise DCM Dispersion Compensation Module DADM Data Add/Drop Multiplexer DCME Digital Compressed Multiplication DAL Dedicated Access Line Equipment DARPA Defence Advanced Research DCMS Digital Circuit Multiplication System Projects Agency (U.S.) DCN Network DAS Direct Attached Storage; Distrib- DCOM Distributed Component Object uted Antenna System Model DATE Duly Authorized Telecommunica- DCP Digital Communications Protocol; tions Entity Device Control Protocol DATV Direct Airside Transit Visa DCPNZ Daily transmission Charge for DAVIC Digital Audio VIdeo Council Peak Non-Zone network load dB decibel DCPV Daily Customer Pool Volume DB Database; Dial Back; Dropped DCS Digital Cross-connect System; Burst Digital Connection System DB-9 Data Bus 9 Pin Connector DCS Digital Cellular System; Digital DBA Database Administrator Cross-connect System dBc Decibel referenced to the carrier DCS 1800 Digital Cellular System, GSM vari- ant at 1800 MHz dBm Decibel reference in milliwatts DCT Digital Cordless Telecommunica- DBMS Database Management System tions DBN Dial-Back Number DCU Dial-up Data Channel Unit DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift DD Digit Directory Keying DDCNZ Daily Demand Charge for Non- DBRN dB relative to noise Zone Network Load DBRNC dB relative to noise (C-Notch or DDCZ Daily Demand Charge for a Zone C-Message) DDD Direct Distance Dialing; Direct DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite Dialing Inward DBU Dial Back Up DDR Double Data Rate; Dual Data Rate dBW Decibels referenced to Watts DDRS Dynamic Data Rate Selection DC Direct Current; Data Connection; DDS Digital Data Storage; Digital Data Dry Circuit; Disconnected; Device Service; Digital Data System; Control Digital Data Stream DCAS Downloadable Conditional Ac- DDSD Delay Dial Start Dial cess System DE Discard Eligible; Digital Environ- DCAT DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) ment Customer Advocacy Team DEC Digital Electrical Carrier DCB Digital Channel Bank DECT Digital European Cordless Tele- DCC Data Communications Channel phone/ DCCX Direct Circuit Control Exchange DEF Defective DCD Data Carrier Detect DEG Degraded Signal DCE Data Communications Equipment; DELNI Digital Ethernet Local Network Data Circuit Terminating Equipment Interconnect DCEF Distributed Cisco Express For- DELQA Digital Exchange Lowpower Q- warding bus network

9 DELUA Digital Exchange Lowpower DLE Digital Line Equipment Unibus Adapter DLI Dialed Line Identification DEMUX Demultiplexer DLL Dynamic Link Library; Data Lind DENI Digital Entertainment Networking Layer (driver); Downline Load Initiative DLOL Digital Loss Of Link DENY Transaction Denier DLR Design Layout Record DEPCA Digital Ethernet Personal DLT Digital Linear Tape Drives Computer-bus Adapter DLT Double Leading Tone DEQNA Digital Ethernet Q-bus Network Adapter DM Degraded Minute; Dispersion Mitigation; Delta Modulation DESTA Digital Ethernet thin-wire STation Adapter DMA Direct Memory Access DEUNA Digital Ethernet Unibus Network DMACS Distributed Monitoring and Con- Adapter trol System DEWI Drilling Electronic Weight Indica- DMARC DeMARCation point tor DMB Digital Multipoint Bridge; Docu- DF Data File; Data Frame; Distribut- ment Maintenance Bulletin; ing Frame Digital Multimedia Broadcasting; Disconnect and Make Busy DFA Distribution Feeder Antenna DMC Dual Modem Cards DFB Distributed Feedback DMF Distributed Messaging Fabric DFRI Datacom Reference Frame Input DMH Degraded Modem Hours DG Disc Group DMI Digital Multiplex Interface DGD Differential Group Delay DMM Digital Multi-Meter DH Delivery Head DMOP Detailed Method of Procedure DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DMP Decode Media Protocol DHD Dial Home Device DMPB Digital Multi-Point Bridging DHWG Digital Home Working Group DMS Dispersion-Managed Solution; Distribution Management System DICOM Digital Imaging and Communica- tions in Medicine DMT Discrete Multi-Tone DID Direct Inward Dialer DMUX [Optical] Demultiplexer DIE Disconnect in Error DN Directory Number DiffServ Differentiated Services DNA Daytime Nighttime Anytime; Do Not Answer DIL Direct Inward Line DNCF Directory Number Call Forward- DIO Digital Input/Output ing DIP Dual In-line Package (switch) DNCS Digital Network Control System DIP Dialup Internet Protocol DNI Did Not Include DIR Direction DNIC Data Network Interface (2B+D DISA Direct Inward Switch Access ISDN) Div Division DNIS Dialed Number Identification DIX DEC, Intel, Xerox Service DL Data Link; Downlink DNR Do Not Revert; Dial Number Recorder DLC Digital Loop Carrier; Digital Leased Circuit; Digital Line Con- DNS Domain Name Server; Domain troller Name System DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier; DOCSIS Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Digital Line Channel Indicator Specifications

10 DOD Department Of Defense DS Digital Signal; Downstream; Data DOD Dial On Demand; Drop On De- Service; Digital Service mand DS0 Digital Service, Level 0, 64 kb/s DOR Detailed Outage Report DS1 Digital Signal Level 1 (T1 equiva- DOrA EV-DO (EVolution-Data Opti- lent); 1.544 Mb/s mized) standard revision A DS-1C Digital Stream 1C (3.152 Mb/s) DOS Disk Operating System; Data DS-2 Digital Stream 2 (6.312 Mb/s) Over Signal DS3 Digital Signal Level 3 (T3 equiva- DoS Denial of Service lent) DOT Department Of Transportation DS-4 Digital Stream 4 (274.016 Mb/s) DOV Data Over Voice DSC Digital Selective Calling DP Data Processing; Dial Pulsing; DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point Drop Point DSCRDS Discard Count DPA Distributed Power Architecture DSF Dispersion Shifted Fiber DPBX Digital Private Branch Exchange DSI Digital Speech Interpolation DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modula- DSL Digital Subscriber Line; Digital tion Subscriber Loop DPDT Double-Pole, Double-Throw DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access DPDU Data Protocol Data Unit Multiplexer DPFI Data Plane Fault Isolation DSN Defense Switched Network DPI Digital Program Insertion; Dots DS-n Digital Signal, level n Per Inch DSP Digital Signal Processor DPL Digital Power Line; Digital Private DSS Direct Satellite Services; Digital Line Subscriber Signalling DPO Dispatch Out; Dial Pulse Origi- DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signaling 2 nate DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DPR Dedicated Protection Ring DSTB Digital Set-top Box DPRAM Dual Port Random Access Memory DSU Digital Service Unit DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data DPT Dynamic Packet Transport: Dial Pulse Terminate DSX Digital Side Interface; Digital Signal Cross-connect DQ Degraded Quality Level DS-x Digital Signal where N denotes DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus multiple of 51.84 Mb/s DQoS Direct Memory Access DSX-1 Digital Signal Level 1 Cross Con- DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase nect Shift Keying DSX-2 Digital Crossconnect 2 (6.312 DQR Directory enQuiry Restricted Mb/s) DR Disaster Recovery DSX-3 Digital Signal Level 3 Cross Con- DRA Daily Round Archives nect DRAM Dynamic Random Access DT Decision Technology; Direct Memory Termination; Dial Tone; Dial-up Transmission DRM Digital Rights Management DT DWDM (Dense Wavelength Divi- DRS Dial Return System sion Multiplexing) Terminal DRTL Dial Repeating Tie Line DTAP Direct Transfer Application Process DRTT Dial Repeating Tie Trunk DTAU Digital Test Access Unit

11 DTCP Digital Transmission Content DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multi- Protection plexing DTE Data Terminal Equipment DX Duplex DTF Dial Tone First; Digital Transmis- DXC Digital Cross-connect sion Facility DXI Data Exchange Interface DTH Direct-to-Home, usually satellite E DTI Digital Trunk Interface E Echo DTL Designated Transit List; Defense E&M Ear and Mouth; Earth and Mag- Telephone Link neto (signaling leads) DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency E1 European Equivalent of T1 (2.048 DTR Data Terminal Ready Mb/s signal speed) DTS Dynamic Transport System; Digi- E2E End to End tal Terminal Systems E2PROM Electrically Erasable Program- DTU Data Terminal Unit; Date/Time mable Read Only Memory Update E3 European data signal at a rate of DTV 34.368 Mb/s DTX Discontinuous Transmission E-911 Enhanced 9-1-1 DUART Dual Universal Asynchronous EA Extended Address Receiver Transmitter EAD Entertainment Analysis and De- DUC Designated Underlying Carrier; velopment Digital Up Converter EAI Enterprise Application Integration DUL Dial-up List EAL Events, Alarms, and Logging DUN Dial-up Networking EAP Extensible Authentication Proto- DUNC Dial-up Networking Connection col DUNCE Dial-up Networking Connection EAPS Enhancement Engine Air Particle Separator; Ethernet Automatic Protection DUP Data User Part Switching DUS Don’t Use Synchronization EAS Emergency Alert System; Ex- DUV Data Under Voice tended Area Service DV Digital Video; Data and Voice EB Error Block; Eastbound; Expand- DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast Asyn- ed Basic chronous Serial Interface Eb/No Energy per Bit-to-Noise ratio DVC Dynamic Virtual Concatenation; EBCDIC Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Digital Video Compression Interchange Code DVD Digital Versatile Disc EC Enhanced Capacity; European DVD+R Recordable Digital Versatile Disc Commission; Echo Cancelling; Enhanced Cellular; Entropy Cod- DVD+RW Rewritable Digital Versatile Disc ing DVI Display Visual Interface; Digital EC-1 Video Interleaved Electrical Carrier Level 1 (STS1 Equivalent) DVM Digital Voltmeter ECA Extended Calling Area DVOW Digital Voice Orderwire ECC Edge Card Control; Embedded DVP Digital Voice Privacy Communications Channel; Ex- DVR Digital Video Recorder tended Community Calling DVS Descriptive Video Service ECG English Cell Group DW Datawire ECI Equipment Catalog Item

12 ECITTC European Committee for Informa- EFD Event Forwarding Discriminator tion Technology Testing and EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation Certification EFP Equipment Fault Protection ECLR Egress Cell Loss Ratio EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio ECn Electrical Carrier, level n; 0=64 Service kb/s, 2=6,312 Mb/s, 3=44,736 Mb/s EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile communications ECN Engineering Change Notice EH Environmentally Hardened EC-n Electrical Carrier (n=a number, e.g., EC-4) EIA Electronic Industries Alliance; Electronic Industries Association ECO Engineering Change Order EICS Eurescom Information and Com- ECPA Electronic Communications munications Services Privacy Act 1986 EID Equipment Identifier ECR Enhanced Call Routing EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Elec- ECS Emergency Communication tronics System EII European Information Infrastruc- ECSA Exchange Carriers Standards As- ture sociation EIR Excess Information Rate ECT Explicit Call Transfer EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated ECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony Power; Equivalent Isotropic Radi- Forum ated Power ECTRA European Committee for Tele- EJB Enterprise Java Beans communications Regulatory Affairs EKTS Electronic Key Telephone Set ED Equipment Degrade ELAN Emulated EDC Electronic Dispersion Compensa- ELAP Ethernet Link Access Protocol tor E-LEAD Ear Lead EDD Envelope Delay Distortion ELEC Enterprise Local Exchange Carrier EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber ELFEXT Equal Level Far End Cross-Talk EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier ELL Ethernet Leased Line EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolu- ELR Extra Long Reach tion EM Element Manager EDI Electronic Data Interchange EMBS Egress Maximum Burst Size eDOCSIS Embedded Data-over-Cable EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Service Interface Specifications EMD Extended Management Domain EDSX Electronic Digital Signal Cross- EMEA connect Europe, Middle East, and Asia EMG EDT European Deaf Telephone Extended Management Gateway EMI EECM End-to-End Call Manager Electromagnetic Interference EML EEE Electronic Equipment Enclosure; Element Management Layer; Energy Efficient Ethernet Electro-absorptive Modulated Laser EEHO Either End Hop Off EMLPP Enhanced Multi-level Precedence EEPROM Electrically Erasable Program- and Priority mable Read Only Memory EMP Expiring Maintenance Process EF Equipment Failure EMS Element Management System; EF&I Engineer, Furnish, and Install Enhanced Message Service EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion EMT Expiring Maintenance Tool Indication

13 eMTA Embedded Multimedia Terminal ERM Explicit Rate Marketing Adapter Errcde Error Code EMX ESCON MUX; Earth and Magneto ES Errored Second Signaling ESA EDFA Saturation Algorithm; End END Extended Management Domain System Address; Enhanced Sub- ENE End Network Element scriber Authentication ENFIA Exchange Network Facilities For ESCBND ESCON Bundle Interstate Access ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection ENST Ecole Nationale Supérieure des ESCR Egress Sustainable Cell Rate Télécommunications ESD Electrostatic Discharge ENUM tElephone NUmber Mapping ESDS Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive ENUT Enhanced Non-preemptable Unprotected Traffic ESF Extended Super Frame; Extended Superframe Format EO Equipment Order ESFDL Extended Super Frame Data-Link EOC Embedded Operations Channel ES-FE Errored Seconds-Far End EOC Embedded Operations Channel ESG Enhanced Service Gateway; Error EoD Everything on Demand Satellite Gauge EOF End of Frame ESI End System Identifier EOL End of Life ES-IS End System to Intermediate EOM End of Message System EoS Ethernet over SONET/SDH ES-L Errored Seconds-Line EOW Engineered Orderwire; Express ES-LFE Errored Second-Line Far End Orderwire ESMOP Electronic Service Method of EPA Environmental Protection Agency Procedure EPCR Egress Peak Cell Rate ES-MS Errored Second-Mulitplexor Sec- EPD Early Packet Discard tion EPG Equipment Protection Group ESN Extended Subnetwork EPIM Ethernet Port Interface Module ESP Easy Software Products; Electro- Selective Pattern EPL Ethernet Private Line ES-P Errored Second-Path EPLD Erasable Programmable Logic Device ES-PFE Errored Second-Path Far End E-PON Ethernet Passive Optical Network ESR Errored Second Ratio EPPR Empty Packet Production Rate ES-RS Errored Second-Regenerator Sec- tion EPR Engineering Progress Report ESS Electronic Switching System EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory ES-S Errored Second-Section EPSCS Enhanced Private Switch Con- EST Eastern Standard Time trolled System ES-V Errored Second-Virtual Tributary EQPT Equipment (VT) Path; Errored Second-VT Path Far End ER Extended Reach ESVN Executive Secure Voice Network ERA Enhanced Remote Access ESx Errored Second Count ERDI Enhanced Remote Defect Indica- tor ET End Terminal EREI-P Enhanced Path Remote Error ET Electronic Transmission; Exchange Indication Termination ERI Enhanced Roaming Indicator Etag Ending Tag ERL Echo Return Loss ETC Eligible Telecommunications Carrier

14 ETF Early Termination Fee FAST Field Automated Subscriber Test- ETH 10/100 Ethernet ing ETHBND Ethernet Bundle FAT Factory Acceptance Test ETLMI ESCON Trib Laser Manager Inter- FAW Frame Alignment Word face FB Framing Bit ETM Electronnic Tandem Network FC Failure Code; Failure Count; Fiber ETN Electronic Tandem Network Channel; Fibre Channel ETR External Timing Reference FC Switch Fibre Channel Switch ETS End of Transmission Signal; Euro- FC100 Fibre Channel 1 Gb/s pean Telecommunication Standard FC10000 Fibre Channel 10 Gb/s (same as ETSI European Telecommunications 10GFC) Standards Institute FC200 Fibre Channel 2 Gb/s EU European Union FC400 Fibre Channel 4 Gb/s EUCL End-user Common Line Charge FCAPS Fault, Configuration, Accounting, EULA End-user License Agreement Performance (or Provisioning), Security management EUS End-user Segment FCC Federal Communications Com- EUVS Ergolight Usability Validation mission Suite FC-FE Failure Count-Far End EVA Electronic Video Agent FCFS First-Come, First-Served EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection; Electronic Voucher Charging FCIP Fiber Channel over Internet Pro- tocol EV-DV EVolution Data/Voice FC-L Failure Count-Line EVM Error Vector Magnitude FC-LFE Failure Count-Line Far End EVN Enterprise Voice-over-IP Network FCM Fan Control Module EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line FCO Foreign Central Office EVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area Network FCP Fiber Channel Protocol EVRC Enhanced Variable Rate CODEC FC-P Failure Count-Path EWO Engineering Work Order FC-PFE Failure Count-Path Far End EXER-R Exercise-Ring FCR Field Change Revision EXER-S Exercise-Span (SONET) FCS Frame Check Sequence; Fibre Channel Standard EXP Experimental FCS32 Count of FCS-32 Error EXZ Excessive Zone FCT Fixed Cellular Terminal F FC-V Failure Count-VT F Fahrenheit; Frequency FC-VFE Failure Count-VT Far End F&I Furnish and Install FD Full Duplex FA Failed Answer FDA Food and Drug Administration FA, F/A Fuse Alarm; Fault Alarm FDD Frequency Division Duplexed FAB Field Alert Bulletin FDD Frequency Division Duplex FAC Forced Authorization Code FDDI Fibre Distributed Data Interface FACS Facility Assignment and Control FDF Fibre Distributing Frame System FDI Feeder Distribution Interface FAD Functional Access Domain FDL Facilities Data Link; Facility Data FAF Facility Failure Link FAS Frame Alignment Signal FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing; Fast Ethernet 15 FDM Frequency Division Modulation FGA Feature Group A FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Ac- FGD Feature Group D cess FH Frequency Hopping FDOA Frequency Difference of Arrival FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spec- FDP Fiber Distribution Panel trum FDRP Frame Drop FIB Forwarding Information Base FDS Filtering, Distributing, and Serv- FIC Frame Identification Code ing FICON Fiber Connection FDTD Finite-Difference Time-Domain FIFO First In, First Out FE Far-end; Fast Ethernet; Forward FIL Fiber in the Loop Error Correction FiOS Fiber Optic Service FEAC Far-end Alarm Channel FIT Failure in Time FEACT Far-end Terminal Alarm Condition FITB Fiber in the Building FEALM Far-end Alarm FITL Fiber in the Loop FEB Fast Ethernet Bridging FITR Fiber in the Riser FEBE Far-end Block Error FL Fiber Link FEBE-F Far-end Block Error count-Fast data FLAG Fibre Link Around the Globe FEBE-I Far-end Block Error count-Inter- FLC Forward Link Channel leaved data FLL Fixed Loss Loop FEC Forward Error Correction; For- FLN Fixed Line Network warding Equivalence Class FLP Fast Link Pulse FEC Forward Error Correction FM Fan Module; Fault Management; FECC-F Forward Error Correction Count- Forwarding Module; Frequency Fast data Modulation FECC-I Forward Error Correction Count- FMA Failure Modes Analysis Interleaved data FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence FECN Forward Explicit Congestion FMECA Failure Mode and Effects and Notification Criticality Analyses FECN Forward Explicit Congestion FMR Follow Me Roaming Notification FMS Fault Management System; Fixed FECS Forward Error Correction Seconds Mobile Substitution FEDS FICON Extended Storage over FNCS Foreign National Control System Distance FNN Full National Number FELB Far-end Loop Back FO Fiber Optics FEP Far-end Protection; Front End FOADM Processor Fixed Optical Add/Drop Multi- plexer; Flexible Optical Add/Drop FEPLF Far-end Protection Line Failure Multiplexer FEPM Far-end Performance Monitor FOB Free on Board; Forward on Busy FERF Far-end Receive Failure FOC Final Operating Configuration FET Field-Effect Transistor FOD Free on Demand FEXT Far-end Cross Talk FOE Fiber Optic Equipment FF Fast Forward FoIP over Internet Protocol FFA First Field Application FOMAU Fiber Optic Media Access Unit FFP Facility Fault Protection FOS Follow on Satellite, Intelsat desig- FFT Fast Fourier Transform nation FOSC Fiber Optic Splice Course

16 FOSE Federal Office Systems Exposition FSA Field Service Application FOTP Fiber Optic Test Procedures FSAI Fiber Serving Area Interface FOTS Fiber Optic Transmission System FSAN Full Services Access Network FOW Forward Order Wire (consortium) FP Fabry-Perot (type of laser); Frame FSB Field Service Bulletin Pulse (NEC); Full Period of service FSK Frequency Shift Keying FPG Facility Protection Group FSM Field Service Manager FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array FSO Free Space Optical FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Tele- FS-P Forced Switch-Protection communications Systems FS-R Forced Switch-Ring FPM Fan Power Module FSS Fixed Satellite Service FPP Fast Pattern Processor FSS Fixed Satellite Services FPS Frames per Second; Fast Packet FS-S Forced Switch-Span Switching; Framing Pattern Se- quence FS-W Forced Switch-Working FR Frame Relay; Functional Require- FT France Telecom ment FT Field Testing FR PVC Frame Relay Permanent Virtual FT1 Fractional T1 Connection FT1 Fractional T1 FRAD Frame Relay Access Device FT-2000 SONET OC-48 lightwave system FRAD Frame Relay Assembler/Disas- (AT&T) sembler FTA Fault Tree Analysis FRC Force FTAM File Transfer and Access Manage- FRD Functional Requirements Docu- ment ment; Feature Requirements FTC Fabric and Timing Card Definition FTFW FactoryTalk for Windows FREQ Frequency FTM Fabric Timing Module FRF Frame Relay Forum FTP File Transfer Protocol FRF.12 Frame Relay Forum Implementa- FTTB tion Agreement 12 Fiber to the Building; Fiber to the Business FRF.13 Frame Relay Forum Implementa- FTTC tion Agreement 13 Fibre to the Curb (Kerb), linked to VDSL in deployment FRF.5 Frame Relay Forum Implementa- FTTD tion Agreement 5 Fiber to the Desk FTTH FRF.8.1 Frame Relay Forum Implementa- Fiber to the Home tion Agreement 8.1 FTTP Fiber to the Premise; Mainte- FRF-LMI Frame Relay Forum-Local Man- nance Channel Transparent Termi- agement Interface nation Point FTTx FRG Fragment Count Fiber to the [endpoint] FUD FRM Forward Resource Management; Fair Use Doctrine Frame Count FUNI Frame-based User-Network Inter- FRMS Dropped Frames face FUP FRS Frame Relay Service Fair Use Policy FW FRSS Frame Relay Switching System Firmware; Firewall FWA FR-SSCS Frame Relay Service Specific Fixed Wireless Access Convergence Sub-layer FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum FRU Field Replacement Unit FWM Four-Wave Mixing FS File System

17 FWS Fixed Wireless Service GE Gigabit Ethernet; Greater than or FWT Fixed Wireless Terminal equal to; General Electric Corpo- ration FX Foreign Exchange GEB Gigabit Ethernet Bridge FXO Foreign Exchange Office GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit FXS Foreign Exchange Service; For- eign Exchange Subscriber GERAN GSM Edge Radio Access Network GESS General Electric Satellite Services G GET Gigabit Ethernet Tunneling G/T Gain to System Noise Tempera- GFA Gain Flattened Amplifier ture Ratio GFC Generic Flow Control GA General Availability GFF Gain Flattening Filter (used in GAT GSM, AMPS, and TDMA EDFA) GATE GPRS (General Packet Radio GFI General Format Identifier Service) Application Test Environ- GFP Generic Framing Procedure ment GFR Guaranteed Frame Rate Gb Gigabit GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying GB Gigabyte GHz Gigahertz (Billion hertz) GbE Gigabit Ethernet GI Graded Index GbE VFTP Gigabit Ethernet Virtual Facility Termination Point GigE Gigabit Ethernet GbE WAN Gigabit Ethernet Wide Area GII Global Information Infrastructure Network GLD German Long Distance GbE WIF Gigabit Ethernet Wide Area GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Network Interface Safety System GBIC Gigabit Interface Converter GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Gbit Gigabit Switching Gb/s, Gbits Gigabits per second GMRS General Mobile Radio Service GBT Ground Based Tower GMSS Global Mobile Satellite System Gbytes/s Gigabytes per second GMT Greenwich Mean Time; Grasshop- GC Gateway Controller; Global Com- pers Made for Telecommunica- munications tions (GMT fuses) GCA General Communication Area GN Gateway Network Element GCAC Generic Connection Admission GND Ground Control GNE Gateway Network Element GCC0 General Communications Chan- GOMP Get Off My Phone nel 0 (similar to SDH/SONET GOS Grade of Service DCC) GOSIP Government Open System Inter- GCIT Graphical Craft Interface Terminal connection Profile GCM General Control Module GP Gateway Platform GCRA Generic Cell Rate Algorithm GPBX Gemeinschaft Private Branch GCS Global Communication System eXchange GDK GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation GPI General Purpose Input Program) Drawing Kit GPIN General Purpose Input GDM GSM Data Module GPO General Purpose Output GDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects G-PON Gigabit Passive Optical Network GDS Global Distribution System GPRS General Packet Radio Service

18 GPS Global Positioning System; HCF High Connection Failure Global Positioning Satellite HCSFI High-speed Central Switch Fabric GR Generic Requirement; Geographic Interface Redundancy HCT Hierarchical Cellular Tree GRDM Gigabit Rate Data Multiplexer HCV High-capacity Voice GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation HD High-definition GRTES General Requirements for Trans- HDB3 High-density Bipolar 3 mission Equipment Specification HDCP High-bandwidth Digital Content GRUB Greedy Reclamation of Unused Protection Bandwidth HDLC High-speed/level Data Link Con- GS Ground Start trol GSA Guarded Single Assignment HDMI High-definition Multimedia Inter- GSM Global System for Mobile com- face munications, originally: Groupe HDML Handheld Device Markup Lan- Spéciale Mobile guage GSM Global System for Mobile (com- HD-SDI High-definition Serial Digital munications) Interface GSM Groupe Spéciale Mobile HDSF High-speed Distributed Switch GSMA Global System Mobile Association Fabric GSM-R Global System for Mobile (com- HDSL High-speed Digital Subscriber munications) – Rail Line GSN GPRS (General Packet Radio HDSL2 High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Service) Support Line, Second Generation GSO Geostationary Earth Orbit HDT Host Digital Terminal GSTN General Switched Telephone HDTV High-definition Television Network HE Headend GT Gain Transfer; Grating Tempera- HEC Header Error Control; Headend ture Controller GT&T Guyana Telephone and Telegraph HEHO Headend Hop Off Company HEM Headend Modem GTF Global Traffic Forecast (Intelsat) HEPA High-efficiency Particulate Ar- GTI Graphics, Text, and Images rester GTM Global Traffic Meeting (Intelsat) HEX HEXadecimal GTP Group Termination Point HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax GTP GPRS (General Packet Radio HFK Hands-free Kit Service) Tunneling Protocol HFM High-speed Forwarding Module GTS General TeleSystems Group HGW Home Gateway GTXC Global Car- rier HHP Households Passed GUI Graphical User Interface HI Hardware/Software Interface; Hardware/Software Integration; GW Gateway High-speed Internet GWC Gateway Controller HISSA High-speed Serial Application GWCS General Wireless Communica- Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) tions Service (46560-4685 MHz) HLB Hierarchical Line Balancing H HLR Home Location Register HA High Availability HLU HDSL Line Unit HBOS High-bandwidth Optical Services HMRN Hanson MaClain Retirement HCDS High-capacity Digital Services Network 19 HMS Hybrid Management Sub-layer Frequency Division Multiplexing) HN Home Number Packet Access HNv1 Home Networking Version 1 HSPA High-speed Packet Access HO Higher Order HSS Home Subscriber Service HOD HBO on Demand HSSI High-speed Serial Interface HO-DSP High Order-Domain Specific Part HSUPA High-speed Uplink Packet Access HO-DXC Higher Order Digital Cross Con- HT High Threshold nect HTI Handoff Transfer Initiate HOM High Order Modulation HTML Hypertext Markup Language HomePNA Home Phoneline Networking Alli- HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol ance HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol HOP High Order Path Secure HOPA Higher Order Path Adaptation HTU HDSL (High-bit-rate Digital Sub- HO-POH Higher Order-Path Overhead scriber Line) Transmission Unit HOVC Higher Order Virtual Concatena- HTU-C HDSL (High-bit-rate Digital Sub- tion scriber Line) Transmission Unit- Central office HP Hairpin; Higher Order Path; Homes Passed HTU-R HDSL (High-bit-rate Digital Sub- scriber Line) Transmission Unit- HPA High Power Amplifier Remote HPF High Pass Filter HU Hook-up HPN Home Phone Network HUP Hook-up HPNA Home Phoneline Networking Alli- HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air- ance Conditioning HPNA Home Phoneline Network HVS Hospitality Voice Services Adapter HW Hardware HPOV Hewlett Packard Open View Hz Hertz HPPI High-performance Parallel Inter- face I HP-UX Hewlett Packard’s UNIX-based OS that runs on HP’s enterprise serv- i.LINK IEEE 1394, High-performance ers Serial Bus, implementation HQGSM High-quality Global System for I/B Inbound/Outroute (also known as Mobile communications the return link), from remote terminal to hub HRD Hardware Release Document; Hardware Requirements Docu- I/O Input/Output ment IAD Integrated Access Device; Inter- HS High-speed; Heterogeneous face Access Device Services IAS Internet Access Service; Internet HSB High-speed Bus Authentication Service HSC High-speed Connect IAST Industry Access Service Tariff HSCSD High-speed Circuit-Switched Data IAT Integrated Access Terminal HSCWD High-speed Circuit-SWitched IAV Images, Audio, Video Data IBCC In-Band Communication Channel HSD High-speed Data IBS Intelsat Business Service; In- HSDPA High-speed Downlink Packet Ac- Building Solution cess IBSS Independent Basic Service Set HSOPA High-speed OFDM (Orthogonal IBT International Business Traveller IC Integrated Circuit 20 ICAL Interexchange Carrier Access IDS Intrusion Detection System; Infor- Lines mation Directory Service ICB Independent Customer Builds IDSL ISDN (Integrated Services Digital ICC Interexchange Carrier Charge Network) Digital Subscriber Line ICCF Interexchange Carrier Compatibil- IDT Inter-Digital Cross-connect Trunk; ity Forum Integrated Digital Terminal ICD International Code Designator IE Information Element ICE Information Content Exchange; IEC Incoming Error Count; InterEx- Integrated Communications change Carrier Environment IEEE Institute for Electrical and Elec- ICID IMS Charging Identity tronics Engineers ICL Inserted Connection Loss IEEE-CS Institute of Electrical and Elec- tronics Engineers-Computer ICLD Inter-channel Level Difference Society ICLR Ingress Cell Loss Ratio IEEE-SA Institute of Electrical and Elec- ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol tronics Engineers-Standards ICNV Input-Command Not Valid Association ICP IMA Control Protocol IESS INTELSAT Earth Station Standard IC-POT Interexchange Carrier-Point of IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Termination IF Intermediate Frequency ICPT Installed Circuit Pack Type IFC Initial First Cost ICR Initial Cell Rate IG Information Group; Interface I-CSCF Interrogating Call/Session Control Group Function IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol ICSF Internet Connection Sharing and IHW In-house Wiring Firewall IIAC Input-Invalid Access Identifier ID Identifier; Identification IIOP CORBA Internet Inter-ORB Proto- IDB International Development Bank col IDC Information Distribution Company IIS Internet Information Server IDCP Internet Device Control Protocol IISP Interim Interface Signaling Proto- IDCU Integrated Digital Carrier Unit col IDD International Direct Dial IKI Institut Kosmitcheskikh Issledova- nii IDDD International Direct Distance Dial- ing ILA Intermediate Light Amplification; Integrated Line Amplifier; In-line IDE Integrated Device Electronics Amplifier IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame; ILD International Long Distance Invalid Data Flag ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier IDF Independent Distribution Frame ILF Initial License Fee IDH Identification High byte ILM Integrated Laser Module; Inte- IDI Initial Domain Identifier grated Laser Modulator IDL Interactive Distance Learning; ILMI Interim Link Management Inter- Interface Definition Language face; Interim Local Management IDLC Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Interface IDM Interim Data Modem ILOG Information Log; Incoming Log IDNV Input-Data Not Valid ILQ Inbound Link Quality IDP Initial Domain Part ILR Issues List Report IDR Intermediate Data Rate; Installer ILRM Interim Local Management Inter- Design Required face 21 IM Instant Messaging INVW Invalid Word Count IMA Inverse Multiplexing over ATM INWATS INward Wide Area Telecommuni- IMBS Ingress Maximum Burst Size cations Service IMD Intermodulation Distortion IO Interoffice IME Interface Management Entity IOA Input/Output Adapter IMEI International Mobile Equipment IOC Initial Operating Configuration; Identity Interoffice Channel IMM Interactive Mobile Media IOCA Interception of Communications Act IMP Interface Message Processor IOCDS Input/Output Configuration Data IMPACT Integrated Manufacturing Preci- Set sion Assembly Cellular Technology IOF Interoffice Fiber IMPCS Indian Mobile Personal Commu- nication System IOR Interoperable Object Reference; Indian Ocean Region IMPI IP (Internet Protocol) Multimedia Private Identity IOS Internetwork Operating System IMS IP (Internet Protocol) Multimedia IOS Internet over Satellite Subsystem; Internal Messaging IOT Interoffice Trunk System IP Internet Protocol; Intelligent IMS IP (Internet Protocol) Multimedia Peripheral, IN block Subsystem IPC Inter-process Communications; IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Inter-process or Inter-processer Identity Control; Initial Paging Channel IMS-MGW IP Multimedia Subsystem-Media IPCR Ingress Peak Cell Rate Gateway Function IPCU DAMA (Demand Assigned Mul- IMSS Italtel Multi-service Solutions tiple Access) IP Channel Unit IM-SSF IP Multimedia Service Switching iPCU iPhone Configuration Utility Function IPD Intelligent Pulse Decoding IMT Inter Machine Trunk; International IPFR AT&T’s IP-Enabled Frame Relay Mobile Telecommunications service IMT-A International Mobile Telecommu- IPG Inter-Packet Gap nications-Advanced IPLC International Private Leased IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone Circuit Service IPM Interested Party Multicast; Inter- IN Intelligent Network personal Messaging System INA Information Network Architecture IPMI Internet Protocol Multicasting INAP Intelligent Network Application Initiative Part Protocol IPMS Interested Party Multicast Service INC Industry Numbering Committee IPNG Internet Protocol, Next-genera- INE Intelligent Network Element tion (now called IPv6) I-NET Institutional Network IPOA Internet Protocol over ATM INM Integrated Network Manager IPOD Internet Phone over Data Inroute see I/B IPPV Impulse Pay per View INT Internal; Internal Clock IPR Intellectual Property Rights INTAP Interoperability Technology As- IPS In-Plane Switching; Instructions sociation for information Process- Per Second ing IPsec Internet Protocol Security INTP Internodal Tunneling Protocol IPSL Integrated IP Software License IntServ Integrated Services IPT Internet Protocol Telephony 22 IPTA Internet Protocol Transport ISP Internet Service Provider; Inside Agreement Plant IPTD Internet Protocol Telephony IS-RST In Service-Restricted Design ISSI Inter-Switching System Interface IPTV IP Television ISSIP Inter-Switching System Interface IPvX Internet Protocol version X Protocol IPX Internet Package Exchange ISSP Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol IR Intermediate Reach; International Roaming ISTD International Subscriber Trunk Dialing IRC International Record Carrier ISTP Internet Signaling Transport Pro- IRD Integrated Receiver/Decoder tocol IRMA Interactive Remote Messaging ISV Independent Software Vendor Application ISW Inside Wiring IRT Integrated Receiver/Transcoder IT Information Technology IRTC Illinois Rural Telecommunication ITA Installation, Test, and Acceptance; IS In Service; Intermediate System Inferior Telecommunications Ap- IS 41 Interim Standard 41 paratus ISA Industry Standard Architecture; ITC Independent Transmit Clock Innovative Slot Allocation ITE Information Technology Equip- IS-ANR In Service-Abnormal ment IS-ANRST In Service-Abnormal and Re- ITEC Internet Telecom and Electronic stricted Commerce ISBX Internet Satellite Broadcast Ex- ITFS International Toll Free Services change ITL International Telecommunications ISC Infrastructure Service Charge Union ISCC InterSwitch Communications ITP Interactive Telecommunications Channel Program ISCR Ingress Sustainable Cell Rate ITR Internet Telephone Router iSCSI Internet Small Computer System ITS Intelligent Transportation System; Interface; SCSI Protocol over Institute for Telecommunications TCP/IP Sciences ISD Idle Signal Detection; Interna- ITSP Internet Telephone Service Pro- tional Subscriber Dialing vider ISDN Integrated Services Digital Net- ITT International Telephone and work Telegraph ISDNUP Integrated Services Digital Net- ITU International Telecommunication work User Part Union ISDP Intelligent Shared Dual Path ITU-T ITU Telecommunications stan- dards body ISI Inter-Symbol Interference ITU-TSS International Telecommunications IS-IS Intermediate System to Interme- Union-Telecommunications Stan- diate System dardization Sector ISM Industrial Scientific Medical IU Internal Use IS-NR In Service-Normal IUC Interval Usage Code; Intercon- ISO International Standards Organiza- nect Usage Charge tion; Independent System Opera- IVAD Integrated Voice and Data tor IVD Integrated Voice and Data ISOC The Internet Society IVDT Integrated Voice/Data Terminal

23 IVI Intel Video Interactive K IVN Interactive Video Network k kilo (thousand) IVPN International VPN K1 SONET or SDH overhead byte of IVS Interactive Video Services MSP/MS-SPRing (see K2) IVW InfoView Wireless K2 Used with K1-SONET or SDH overhead byte for MSP/MS- IWE Institute for Wireless Education SPRing IWF Interworking Function Kb Kilobit IWMS Inside Wire Maintenance Service; KB Kilobyte Integrated Wireless Management System Kb/s Kilobits per second IWT Innovative Wireless Technologies; KB/s Kilobytes per second International Wireless Technolo- Kbit/s Kilobits per second gies, L.L.C.; International Wireless Kbps Kilobits per second Technology; Interoperable Wire- less Technologies KBps Kilobytes per second IWU Inter-Working Unit kBPS Kilobits Per Second IWW Internet World Wireless confer- KEY Keyset (multiline phone) ence kft Kilofeet (U.S. cable length mea- IXC Inter-exchange Carrier surement) kHz Kilohertz (thousand hertz) J Km Kilometer J0 J Zero Ksh Korn Shell J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition KSPS Kilosymbols Per Second JBR Jabber Count ksym/s Kilosymbols per Second JDBC Java Database Connectivity ksym/sec Kilosymbols per Second JDC Japanese Digital Cellular kVA 1000 Volt Amperes JDK Java Development Kit kW Kilowatt JDMK Java Dynamic Management Kit JDS-HR Japan Digital Services-Half Rate L JEM JAVA™ Element Manager L Current JICC Justice International Calling Card L2F Layer 2 Forwarding protocol JIS Jurisdictional Interstate Service L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol JLS Just Lousy Service L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol JMS JAVA™ Messaging System L2TPv3 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol ver- sion 3 JNDI Java Naming and Directory Inter- face L3 Layer 3 JPEG Joint Photographic Experts LA Line Adapter; Latin America Group LAAS Local Area Augmentation System JRE Java Runtime Environment LAC Local Access Concentrator; Line JT Jersey Telecom Assignment Center JTAG Joint Test Action Group LADM Linear Add/Drop Multiplexer JTU Japan Telephone Upgrade LADS Local Area Data Service JVM Java Virtual Machine LADT Local Area Data Transport JYP Jamaican Yellow Pages LAG Link Aggregation Group LAN Local Area Network; Local Access Number LANCE LAN Controller for Ethernet

24 LANE Local Area Network Emulation LD Long Distance LAP Link Access Procedure; Link Ac- LDAP Lightweight Directory Access cess Protocol Protocol LAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced LDAP Lightweight Directory Access LAP-B Link Access Procedure-Balanced Protocol LAPD Link Access Procedure-D Channel LDB Last Data Bit (X 25) LDC LATA (Local Access Transport LAP-D Link Access Protocol-D channel Area) Distribution Channel LAPF Link Access Procedure for Frame- LDC Long Distance Charges Mode Bearer Services LDCC Line Data Communications Chan- LAPM Link Access Protocol for MODEM nel LAPS Link Access Procedure LDCELP Low Delay CELP LAS Local Authentication Service LDDS Limited Distance Data Service LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated LDI Long Distance Interconnect Emission of Radiation LDL Long Distance Link LATA Local Access and Transport Area LDM Limited Distance Modem LATM Local ATM (Asynchronous Trans- LDN Local Directory Number fer Mode) LDP Label Distribution Protocol LAW Local Area Wireless LDS Local Digital Switch; Long Dis- LBC Laser Bias Current tance Service LBCL Laser Bias Current Level LEAF Large Effective Area Fiber LBCN Normalized Laser Bias Current LEC Local Exchange Carrier LBO Line Build Out LECS LAN Emulation Configuration LBR Low Bit Rate Server LBS Location Based Services LED Light Emitting Diode LBX Low Bandwidth X LEN Line Equipment Number LC Lucent Connector; Line Card; Line LEO Low Earth Orbit Chaser; Line Compressed LER Label Edge Router LCA Line Circuit Address LERG Local Exchange Routing Guide LCAP Local Craft Access Panel LES LAN Emulation Server LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LET Line Equipment Transfer LCC Lifecycle cost; Link Control Chan- LETS Line Efficiency Tracking System nel LF Line Fail LCD Liquid Crystal Display LFACS Loop Facility Assignment and LCGN Logical Channel Group Number Control System LCL Lower Confidence Limit LFE Line Far End LCN Local ; Logical LG Line Good Channel Number; Local Commu- LGE Loop- or Ground-start Exchange nications Network LGN Logical Group Node LCON Local Contact LGS Loop- or Ground-start Subscriber LCR Least Cost Routing; Long Cable Run LGX Light-guide Crossconnects LCT Large Capacity Terminal LH Logical Host LCU Line Control Unit LIC Line Interface Card LCWN LiveCache LIDB Line Information Database LD Laser Diode LIF Line Interface; Laser Induced Fluorescence

25 LIM Line Interface Module LOSS Loss of Signal Seconds LIP Local Information Packet LOSW Loss of Synchronous Word LIU Line Interface Unit; Light Interface LOVC Low-Order VC Unit LOW Local Orderwire LLB Line LoopBack LP Line Processor; Lockout of Protec- LLC Logical Link Control; Local Link tion; Low Order Path Control LPC Linear Predictive Coding LLSDCC Lower-Layer Section DCC LPDP Local Policy Decision Point LLU Local Loop Unbundling Lport Logical port LM Line Module LP-S Lockout of Protection-Span LMC Loop Maintenance Center LP-S/SF-P Lockout of Protection-Span/Signal LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Fail-Protection Service LPU Line Protection Unit LME Line Monitoring Equipment LQC Line Quality Control LMI Local Management Interface LQD Line Quality Disturbance LMOS Loop Maintenance Operations LQE Line Quality Engineering System LQF Line Quality Function LMP Link Management Protocol LQI Line Quality Indicator LMS Local Measured Service LQM Line Quality Management LMU Line Monitor Unit LQN Line Quality Network LNA Low Noise Amplifier LQR Line Quality Report LNB Low Noise Block LR Long Reach (fiber); Line Regen- LNP Local Number Portability eration Equipment LO Low Order LRB Loop Reverse Battery LOA Letter of Agency LRDC Long Reach Daughter Card LOADM Lightweight Optical Add/Drop LRM Long Reach Multi-mode Multiplexer LRN Local Routing Number LOC Loss of Clock LRQ Location Request Locn Location LS Loop Start LO-DXC Low Order Digital Cross Connect LSA Low-speed ADM LOF Loss of Frame LSAP Link Service Access Point LOF-P Path Loss of Frame LSB Least Significant Bit LOH Line Overhead LSF Loss of Signal or Frame indication LOM Loss of Multiframe; List of Materi- signal als LSI Loop Start Interface LON Local Operating Network LSL Lower Specification Limit LOP Loss of Pointer LSM Loss of Sync Message LOPDP Loss of Pointer Decay Period LSMS Local Service Management System LOPI Loss of Pointer Inhibit LSN Logical Subnetwork LOPIP Loss of Pointer Integration Period LSO Local Serving Office LOP-L Loss of Pointer-Line LSOA Local Service Order Administration LOP-P Loss of Pointer-Path LSP Label Switched Path; Local Ser- LOP-V VT Loss of Pointer vice Provider LOP-V Loss of Pointer-Virtual LSR Label Switch Router LOS Loss of Signal; Level of Service; LSR Label Switch Router; Line Sharing Loss of Session Service; Lucent Soft Switch 26 LSSGR LATA Switching System Generic MAN Metropolitan Area Network Requirements MAP Main Audio Program; Mobile Ap- LT Low Threshold; Laser Tempera- plication Part Protocol ture; Line Termination MAPDU Management Application Proto- LTA Leased Transport Area col Data Unit LTE Line Terminating Equipment; MAPP Mobile Access Personal Presence Long Terminal Evolution; Line MAU Media Access Unit Terminal Equipment; Long-term Mb Megabit Evalution MB Megabyte; Measured Business LTG Let’s Talk GSM Mb/s Megabits per second LTN Local Transport Network (fiber ring) MB/s Megabytes per second LTP Link Termination Point; Logical Termination Point MBA Message Body Authenticator LTS Loop Testing System; Long-term MBAC Measurement-based Admission Storage Control Mbaud LTT Local Transport Termination Megabaud Mbits/s Megabits per second LTU Line Termination Unit MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast LU Line Unit Service LUD Local Usage Details; Look-up Mbps Megabits per second; Million Bits Directory Per Second LUL Land Use Line MBps Megabytes per second LULT Line Unit/Line Termination MBS Maximum Burst Size; Meter Back- LUNT Line Unit Network Termination flow Services LVC Label Virtual Circuit MBT Michigan Bell Telephone LVD Low-voltage Distribution MBWA Mobile Broadband Wireless Ac- LVDS Low-voltage Differential Signalling cess LVM Line Verification Module MC Make Call LWP Low Water Peak MC/MIC Mode Common/Mode Indicate Common LWT Listen While Talk MCA Missed Calls Alert LXT Local Exchange Terminal MCC Master Control Center/Comput- LZ Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm er; Mobile Country Code; Mobile LZS Lempel-Ziv Stac Competence Centre MCFI Multiple number Call Forwarding M Inhibit M&C Monitor and Control MCP Management Control Processor; Mobile Centered Paging M/W Microwave MCPC Multiple Channels per Carrier M12 MUX (Multiplexer) DS-1 into DS2 MCR Minimum Cell Rate; Minimum M13 MUX (Multiplexer) DS-1 into DS3 Cost Routing M23 MUX (Multiplexer) DS-2 into DS3 MCS Master Control Station; Managed M2M Multipoint-to-Multipoint Communication Services ; Multi- MAC Media Access Control; Medium point Communication Service Access Control MC-SS Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum MAE Major Access Exchange; Metro- MCT Maintenance Channel Transpar- politan Area Exchange ency MAG Mobile Access Gateway; Multi- MCTA Multi-Carrier Traffic Allocation channel Access Gateway MCTF Motion Compensated Temporal MAI Multiple Access Interference Filtering

27 MCU Metered Call Unit; Multipoint MHz Megahertz (million hertz) Control Unit MIB Management Information Base MDA Model Driven Architecture MID Message Identifier MDC Monthly Demand Charge MIDP Mobile Information Device Proto- MDCNZ Monthly Demand Charge for col Non-Zone network Load MIN Mobile Identification Number; MDCP Media Device Control Protocol Mobile Intelligent Network MDCZ Monthly Demand Charge for a MIP Mobile Internet Protocol Zone MIPS Millions of Instructions per Second MDF Main Distribution Frame MIR Maximum Information Rate MDI Medium Dependent Interface MIS Mobile Information Service MDM Mobile Device Management MIT Management Information Tree MDS Mobile Data Service; Multipoint MiTTs Minutes of Telecommunications Distribution Service Traffic MDTS Mobile Data Terminal Software MJ Major MDU Monthly Domestic Usage; Mul- MJC Modular Jack Cable tiple Dwelling Unit MJT Modular Jack Terminal mDVR Multi-TV Digital Video Recorder MJU Modular Jack Unit ME Middle East; Mobile Equipment ML Mediation Layer MEA Mismatch of Equipment and At- tributes MLC Multiple Level Cell MEAS Measured Extended Area Service MLE Metropolitan Line Extension MEGACO Media Gateway Control Protocol M-LEAD Mouth Lead MEH Mobile Executed Handoff MLHG Multi-Line Hunt Group MEL Most Efficient Level MLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode MEO Medium Earth Orbit MLMD Multiplexer/Demultiplexer MER Modulation Error Ratio MLP Mobile Location Protocol MERS Most Economical Route Selection MLPPP Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol MF Multiple Frequency mm millimeter MFA Multi-Frame Alignment MM Multimode; Multimedia MFAS Multi-Frame Alignment Signal M-M Multiplex-Multicast MFJ Modified Final Judgement MMC Minimum Monthly Charge MFN Multiple Frequency Network MMCS Meridian Multimedia Center Switch MFR Multilink Frame Relay; Master Group; Minimum Guarantee MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribu- tion Service; Multimedia Data MFRM Multi-carrier Flexible Radio Mod- Services ule MMDX Multimedia Data Services MFT Metallic Facility Terminal MME Multiwave Management Element MG Media Gateway MME Mobility Management Entity MGC Media Gateway Controller MMF Multi-Mode Fiber MGCF Media Gateway Control Function MMJ Modified Modular Jack MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol MML Man Machine Language MGN Management Gateway Node MMM Mobile Media Mode MGW Mobile GateWay MMMS Mobile Multimedia Messaging MHD Maximum Hour Demand Service MMO Main Material Order

28 MMP Multiwave Management Element MPOE Microstructured Polymer Optical MMR Mobile Mapping and Routing Fiber; Minimum Point Of Entry MMS Motorola Messaging Server; MPOP Minimum Point Of Presence Multimedia Messaging Service MPPE Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption MMT Multimedia Multiparty Teleconfer- MPT Multiplex Pass-Through; Ministry encing of Posts and Telecommunications; MN Minor Multiple Priority System; Mobile Phone Tools MNA Multi-Network Area MPTS Multiple Program Transport Stream MNC Multi-National Company MR Modification Request; Material MND Multi-Number Dialer Request; Medium Reach MNOC Mobile Network Operation Center MRC Monthly Recurring Charges MNP Mobile Number Portability; Mi- MRF Multimedia Resource Function crocom Networking Protocol MRFC Multimedia Resource Function MNS Mobile Network Service Controller MO Managed Object; Mobile Origi- MRFP Multimedia Resource Function nated Processor MOC Managed Object Class MRRB Maintenance Requirements MOD Module; Movies on Demand Review Board; Material Release MODEM Modulator/Demodulator Review Board Modem Modulator/Demodulator ms Milliseconds MOE Modem Operating Environment MS Mobile Station; Modified Service; Multiplex Section MOF Managed Object Framework MSA Mail Sending Agent; Metropoli- MOH Music On Hold tan Statistical Area; Mediation MOM Mainboard Operation Monitor Services Administrator MOO Mobile Online and Offline MSAG Master Street Address Guide MOP Method of Procedure MS-AIS Multiplex Section-Alarm Indica- MOR Multi-wavelength Optical Re- tion Signal peater MSAN Multi-Subscriber Access Node MOS Mean Opinion Score MSAP Multimedia Services Access Point MOU Minutes Of Use MSB Most Significant Bit MP Management Portal; Mobile MSC Metro Shelf Controller; Microsoft Processor Cluster Server; Mobile Switching MP3 MPEG-2 Layer 3 Center MPCKTS Multicast Packet Count MSDL Mathematical Service Description Language MPE Multiservice Provider Edge MSF Multiservice Switching Forum MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group MSID Mobile Subscriber IDentification MPI Multi-Path Interface; Multi-Path Number Interference MSIS Mobile Station Integrated Services M-Plane Management Plane MSISD Mobile Station Integrated Ser- MPLmS Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching vices Directory MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching MSISDN Mobile Station Integrated Ser- MPLS-CP MPLS Control Plane vices Data Network MPN Mode Partition Noise MSL Master Subsidy Lock MPOA Multi-Protocol over Asynchronous MSM Mobile Station Modem Transfer Mode MSN Multi-Subnetwork; Multiple Sub- scriber Number

29 MSNM Metro Switching Network Man- MTSS Minimum Telephone Service ager Standards MSNM ML Metro Switching Network Man- MTTP Transparent Connection Termina- ager Mediation Layer tion Point MSO Multiple System Operator MTTR Mean Time to Repair MSOH Multiplexer Section Overhead MTTU Mean Time to Understand MSP Multiplex Section Protection; MTU Maximum Transmission Unit Multiservice Switching Path; MU Media Unit; Message Unit Multi-Signalling Point MUB Multi-Use Bearer service MS-P Manual Switch-Protection MUT Mobile Under Test MSPP Multiservice Provisioning Platform MUTOA Multi-User Telecommunications MSPVC Management Soft Permanent Outlet Assembly Virtual Circuit MUX Multiplexer MS-R Manual Switch-Ring MUXCVR Muxceiver MS-RDI Multiplex Section-Remote Defect Indication mV Millivolt MS-REI Multiplex Section Remote Error MVL Multiple Virtual Lines Indication MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator MSS Mobile Satellite Service; Modular MVOA Miniature Variable Optical Attenu- Sample System ator MS-S Manual Switch-Span MVPD Multichannel Video Programming MS-Spring/ Multiplex Section Shared Distributor MSPR Protection Ring MWN My Wirefree Network MST Mountain Standard Time; Multi- MWT MidWest Telnet plex Section Termination MX Multiplex MSTE Multiplex Section Terminating MZ Mach-Zehnder Equipment MSU Modem Sharing Unit N MSV Mobile Satellite Ventures N(R) Receive Sequence Number MS-W Manual Switch-Working N(S) Send Sequence Number MT Message Transmission; Metered N1 Nexus One Tariff; Mobile Telephone; Mobile Terminal; Mobile Terminated NA No Alarm; Not Alarmed; Not Ap- plicable; Not Available; Numerical MTA Multimedia Terminal Adapter Aperture; Not Answered MTAU Metalic Test Access Unit NAC Natural Area Code MTBF Mean Time Between Failure NAD Network Access Domain MTC Mobile Terminating Call NADH North American Digital Hierarchy MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error NAK Negative AcKnowledgement MTN Maritime Telecommunications N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Network; Mobile Telephone Phone Service Network NANP North American Numbering Plan MTP Media Termination Point; Mes- sage Transfer Part; Mobile Trans- NANPA North American Numbering Plan actional Platform Administration MTS Manitoba Telephone System; NAP Network Access Point Message Telephone Service NAPT Network Address and Protocol MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching Of- Translation fice NAS Network Access Server; Network Attached Storage

30 NASA National Aeronautical and Space NDSF Non-Dispersion Shifted Fiber Agency (U.S.) NDT No Dial Tone NAT Network Address Translation NDVR Network Digital Video Recording NBAP NodeB Application Part NE Network Element NBI Northbound Interface NE Network Element NBK No Backup NE/FE Near End/Far End NC Nodal Controller; Normally Closed NEA Network Element Interface — refer (contacts); Next Check; Network to NIU Channel ; No Connection NEBS Network Equipment Building NCB National Computer Board Standards; Network Equipment NCC Network Control Center/Com- Building Systems puter NEC National Electric Code; Nippon NCCC Network Control Coordination Electronic Corporation Channel NEF Network Element Function NCCI Network Call Correlation Identifi- NEFA Near-End facility FAilure cation NEG Negative Terminal NCD National Coverage Determination NEID Network Element Identification NCI Network Channel Interface NEIR Network Element Information NCOE Network Central Office Equip- Request ment NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers NCP Nodal Control Point; Nodal Con- Association trol Processor NEP Network Equipment Provider NCP&D Network Capacity Planning and Delivery NEP No Exchange Provided NCR Non-Conformance Report NEWT Newly Emerging Wireless Tech- nologies NCS Network Computing System; Network Control System; Net- NEXT Near-End Cross Talk work Call Signaling; Not Con- NFAS Non-Facility Associated Signaling nected Seconds NFS Networked File System NCT Network Control Terminal; Net- NGDLC Next-Generation Digital Loop work Connection Technology Carrier NCTA National Cable & Telecommuni- NG-L1 Next-Generation Layer 1 cations Association NGN Next-Generation Network NCTE Network Channel Terminating NGN Equipment Next-Generation Network NGNA NCU Network Connection Utilities Next-Generation Network Archi- tecture ND Non-Duplex NGOSS Next-Generation Operations Sup- NDC National Destination Code port Systems NDE National Dedicated Ethernet NGSO Non-Geostationary Earth Orbit, NDF New Data Flag used as a general descriptive for NDIS Network Design and Inventory LEO and MEO systems System NGT New Global Telecom NDL No DownLink NGW National Gateway NDM Network Data Mover NI Network Interface NDMH Non-Degraded Modem Hours NI-1 National ISDN-1 NDOTT National Data Operations Train- NI-2 National ISDN-2 ing Team NIC Network Interface Card NDP Network Discovery Protocol; NID Network Interface Device Neighbor Discovery Protocol 31 NIDU Network Interface Data Unit NOC Network Operations Center NII National Information Infrastruc- NOCC Network Operations Control ture (for the USA, see also GII and Center EII) NOF NetObjects Fusion NIR Network Information Repository NOL Nokia On-Line NIS Network Infrastructure Solutions NOL Number One Line NISC National Information Services NOLC NO Longer Connected Council NOS Network Operating System NITZ Network Identity and Time Zone NOTE Network Office Terminating NIU Network Interface Unit Equipment NLA Network Layer Address; Network NPA Numbering Plan Area Layer Agent NPA Numeral Prefix Allocation NLC Node Line Card NPAC Number Portability Administra- NLD Neighbor Link Discovery tion Center NLP Normal Link Pulse NPAC Number Portability Administra- NLPI Network Layer Protocol Identifier tion Center NLPID Network Level Protocol IDentifier NPAC SMS Number Portability Administra- NLU Number Look-Up tion Center Service Management System nm nanometer NPC Network Parameter Control NM Network Management; Network Manager; Network Management; NPD Network Protective Device Node Manager NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit NMA Network Monitoring and Analysis NPI National Provider Identifier; NMA Network Management and Ad- Numbering Plan Identifier ministration; Network Monitoring NPR Noise Power Ratio and Analysis NPTF Number Portability Task Force NMC Network Management Center NR No Reply NME Network Management Ethernet NRC Network Reliability Center; Non- NMF Node-level Management Function Recurring Charge NMF Network Management Forum NRT Non-Real Time; Nokia Ring Tone NMI National Metering Identifier NRTC National Rural Telecommunica- NML Network Management Layer tions Cooperative NML Network Management Layer NRTL Nationally Recognized Test Labo- ratory NMP Network Management Protocol NRTVBR Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate NMS Network Management System NRZ Non-Return to Zero NMS Network Management System ns nanosecond NMT Nordisk MobilTelefoni NSA Non-Service Affecting NN N key on keyboard for a no response NSAP Network Service Access Point NNG National Number Group NSC Network Service Center NNI Network-to-Network Interface; NSF National Science Foundation Network Node Interface (U.S.) NNIF Network-to-Network Interface NSI Network Side Interface NNM Network Node Manager NSI Network Service Interface NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol NSN Nationally Significant Number NO Network Object; Normally Open NSP Node Switch Provider; Node (contacts) Switch Processor

32 NSP Network Service Provider O/B Outbound/Outroute, from hub to NSR Normal Service Ruined remote terminal NSS National Service Scheme OA Optical Amplifier NT Window New Technology OA&M Operations Administration and Management NT Northern Telecom OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer NTA National Telecom Alliance OAM Operations, Administration and NTC National Telecommunications Maintenance Company OAM&P Operations, Administration, Main- NTD No Transmit Diversity tenance, and Provisioning NTE Network Terminating Equipment OAMCell Operations, Administration and NTF No Trouble Found Maintenance Cell NTFCNCDE Notification Codes (TL1) OAMP Operations, Administration, Main- NTFS New Technology File System tenance, and Provisioning NTL No Telephone Line O-BLSR Optical-Bidirectional Line Switched Ring NTP Network Time Protocol OBT Ohio Bell Telephone NTQ New Telecom Quarterly OC Optical Carrier; Operator Cutoff; NTS Near-Term Storage; Network Optical Channel Time Synchronization; Network- ing and Telecommunications OC-1 Optical Carrier level 1, SONET bit Services; Number Translation rate = 51.84 Mb/s Service OC1 Optical Carrier level 1 (51.84 NTSC National Television Standards Mbps) Committee OC-12 Optical Carrier level 12, SONET NUT Non-preemptive Unprotected bit rate = 622.08 Mb/s Traffic OC-192 Optical Carrier level 192, SONET NVM Non-Volatile Memory bit rate = 9.953 Gb/s NVQ Normal Voice Quality OC-3 Optical Carrier level 3, SONET bit rate = 155.52 Mb/s NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory OC-48 Optical Carrier level 48, SONET bit rate = 2.488 Gb/s NWH National Wireless Holdings OCA Outstate Calling Area NWI Novatel Wireless, Inc. OCAP OpenCable Application Platform NWN No Wires Needed OCC Channel; NWT NetWork Time Other Common Carrier NxTT National xDSL Test Tool OCD Out of Cell Delineation NXX North American direct distance OCH Optical Channel dialing numbering plan, ‘n’ Is Any Number From 2 To 9, and ‘x’ Is OCI Open Connection Indication Any Number From 0 To 9 OCN Operating Company Number NYIIX New York International Internet OC-n Optical Carrier-number; Optical Exchange Carrier where N denotes a mul- NYU New York Ultranet tiple of 51.84 Mb/s NZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted OC-n Optical Carrier level n Fiber OCS Online Charging System OCT Octet Count O OCTU Optical Channel Transport Unit O Operator OCU Office Channel Unit O&M Operations and Management OCWN Orange County Wireless Network

33 OCXO Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator OLM Optical Link Module OD Operator Dialed OLMP Optical Link Management Protocol ODA Outlet Digital Adapter OLNS Originating Line Number Screening ODBMS Object DataBase Management OLP On-Line Provisioning System OLS Optical Line System ODF Optical Distribution Frame OLT Optical Line Termination; Optical ODL Optical Data Link Line Terminal ODPR Optically Dedicated Protection OLTP OSRP Link Termination Point Ring OLTS Optical Loss Test Set ODU Outdoor Unit OM Optical Module ODUk Optical channel Data Unit where OM Operational Measurement k is 1 or 2 OMA Open Mobile Alliance OE Originating Equipment OMC Operation and Maintenance OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer Center OEO Optical-to-Electronic-to-Optical OMC Operations and Maintenance OEPL Optical Ethernet Private Line Center; Optical Multi-Channel OEPLAN Optical Ethernet Private Local OMG Object Management Group Area Network OMS Olympic Messaging System OEVPL Optical Ethernet Virtual Private OMT Orthogonal Mode Transducer Line ON Optical Network OEVPLAN Optical Ethernet Virtual Private Local Area Network ONAL Off-Network Access Line OFA Amplifier ONE Optical Network Element OFC Open Fiber Control; Optical Fiber ONP Open Network Provision Communication ONT Optical Network Terminal OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division ONU Optical Network Unit Multiplexing OO Optical-to-Optical OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division OOA Out Of Area Multiplexing OOB Out Of Band OFE Owner-Furnished Equipment OOD Object-Oriented Design OFN Optical Fiber Non-conductive OOF Out Of Frame OFS Out of Frame Second OOK On-Off Keying OFTEL Office of Telecommunications (UK OOM1 Regulator) Out Of Multi Frame Stage 1 OOM2 OGX Out-Going eXchange Out Of Multi Frame Stage 2 OON OH Off Hook Out Of Network OOO OHP On-Hold Player Optical-Optical-Optical OOR OID Object Identifier Out of Range OOS OIM Operations Interface Module OTM (Optical Transport Module) Overhead Signal; Out Of Service; OITD Over-Issued Telephone Directories Out Of Synchronization OIU Operator Interface Unit; Optical OOS-AU Out Of Synchronization-Autono- Interface Unit; Office Interface mous Unit Unit OOS-AUMA Out Of Synchronization-Autono- OLA Optical Line Amplifier; Optical mous Unit-Manual Override Link Analysis OOS-MA Out of Service-Management OLB Optical Link Budget OOS-MAANR Out of Service-Management and OLEC Other Local Exchange Carrier Abnormal

34 OOSP Out Of Service Permanently OSSAN Operations Support System Ac- OpEx Operating Expenses cess Nodes OPM Optical Performance Monitoring; OSS-AU Out of Service-Autonomous Optical Power Meter OSS-AUMA Out of Service-Autonomous and OPP Object Push Profile Management OPR Optical Power Received OSS-AURST Out of Service-Autonomous and Restricted OPS Optical OSWF On-Site Work Force OPS/INE Operations Provisioning System/ Intelligent Network Element OTA Over The Air OPT Optical Power Transmit OTAPA Over-The-Air Parameter Adminis- tration OPTORL Optical Return Loss OTASP Over-The-Air Service Provisioning OpUk Optical channel payload Unit where k is 1 or 2 OTC Operations Technical Center; Optical Transport Card; One-Time OPX Off Premise Extension Charge; Operating Telephone OQPSK Offset Quaternary Phase-shift Company Keying OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OR Office Regenerator OTGR Operations Technology Generic ORB Object Request Broker; Office Requirements Repeater Bay OTI Open Telecom Infrastructure ORIG Original; Originating OTM Optical Transport Module ORL Optical Return Loss OTN Optical Transport Network ORP Optical Routing Protocol OTP On The Premises; Open Telecom- OS Operating System; Operations munications Platform System OTS Optical Transport System OSA Optical Spectrum Analyzer OTS RPTR OTS Repeater OSC Optical Supervisory Channel; OTSS Operational Telecommunications Optical Service Channel Switching System OSDS Operations Systems Data Server OTU Optical Transport Unit OSGI Open Services Gateway Initiative OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier OSHA Occupational Safety and Health OUNI Optical User Network Interface Act O-UPSR Optical-Unidirectional Path OSI Open Systems Interconnection Switched Ring OSM OSC Splitter Module; Optical OUSM Optical Utility Services Manager Services Module OUSP Optical Utility Services Platform OSMINE Operations Systems Modifications for the Integration of Network Outbound see O/B Elements Outroute see O/B OSNR Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio; OUTWATS OUTward Wide Area Telecommu- Open Signal-to-Noise Ratio nications Service OSP Optical Signaling Protocol; Out- OVC Ohio Valley Cable side Plant; Online Service Provider OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading OSPF Open Shortest Path First Factor OSPR Optically Shared Protection Ring OW Order Wire OSRP Optical Signaling and Routing OXC Optical Cross Connect Protocols OXE OmniPCX Enterprise OSS Operations Support System; OYT Own Your Telephone Omnitrax Switching Services; Operator Services System

35 P PCG Pacific Century Group P/F Poll/Final Bit PCI Peripheral Component Intercon- nect; Protocol Control Information P2P Peer to Peer; Point To Point PCIP Provider Claims Intervention P6 Pentium 6 Program PA Port Adapter; Pre-Amplifier; PCM Pulse Code Modulation Power Amplifier PCM Personal Call Manager; Pulse PA Pointer Adjustment Code Modulation PABX Private Automatic Branch Ex- PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card change Interface Adaptor PAC Predict Application Control PCMM Packet Cable Multimedia PACE Priority Access Control Enabled PCN Program Change Notice; Product PAD Power Attenuation Device; Packet Change Notice; Personal Com- Assembler/Disassembler munications Network; Parent PAL Programmable Array Logic Communication Network PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation PCO Paradox Computers Online; Pub- lic Call Office; Pre-Conditioned PAM5 5-level (quinary) Pulse Amplitude Order Modulation P-Code Product Code PAMA Permanent Assignment Multiple Access PCP Primary Cross-connection Point, street cabinet/flexibility point; PAMD Plug-in Architecture for Mobile Packet Chain Protocol Devices; Positive Answering Machine Detection PCR Peak Cell Rate PAN Personal Area Networking PCS Personal Communication Service; Plastic-Clad Silica PANA Protocols for carrying Access Network Authentication P-CSCF Proxy Call/Session Control Func- tion PARP Proxy ARP PCT Personal Communication Tele- PAS PanAmSat phone; Private Communication PASTA Poisson Arrivals See Time Aver- Technology ages PCTF Per-Call Test Failure PAT Program Association Table; Por- PCX Private Communication eXchange table Appliance Testing PD Protocol Discriminator PAW Personal Area Wireless PDA Personal Digital Assistant PAX Path Adaptation and X-Connect PDAP Power Distribution and Alarm PB Petabyte Panel PBOR Primary-Backup Object Replica- PDC Passive Dispersion Compensator; tion Personal Digital Cellular; Personal PBPS PetaBits Per Second Digital Communications PBX Private Branch Exchange PDD Post Dial Delay PC Personal Computer; Physical PDF Portable Document Format Contact; Processor Card; Personal PDH Pleisiochronous Digital Hierarchy Communications PDI Payload Defect Indication PCA Protection Channel Access; Pro- tective Connecting Arrangement PDI V Payload Defect Indicator-Virtual PCB Printed Circuit Board PDI-P Payload Defect Indicator-Path PCC Processor Communication Chan- PDL Polarization Dependent Loss nel; Protected Cell Company PDN Public Data Network PCCA Pacific Century Corporate Access PDP Policy Decision Point PCF Point Coordination Function 36 PDQ Predictive Differential Quantizing PJ Pointer Justification PDU Power Distribution Unit; Protocol PJC Pointer Justification Count Data Unit PKI Public Key Infrastructure PEA Pocket Ethernet Adapter PKT Packet PEG Public, Education, Government PL Packet Loss; Private Line PEM Processor Enhancement Module; PLA Programmable Logic Array Processor Element Module PLAR Private Line Automatic Ringdown PEML Prompt Engine Markup Language PLB Payload LoopBack PEP Policy Enforcement Point PLC Packet Loss Concealment; Power PER Provider Edge Router Line Carrier PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech PLCN Pilot Line Change Notification Quality PLCP Physical Layer Convergence PFDL Policy Framework Definition Protocol Language PLD Programmable Logic Device PFE Path Far End PLDT Philippines Long Distance Tele- PFM Packet Forwarding Module phone Company PFO Premium Feature Open PLL Phase Locked Loop PG Peer Group; Protection Group PLM Payload Label Mismatch; Power PGID Peer Group Identifier Line Modem PGL Peer Group Leader PLMN Public Land-Mobile Network PGS Pair Gain System PLM-P Payload Label Mismatch-Path PHF Peak Hour Factor PLM-V Payload Label Mismatch-VT PHS Packet Handling System; Per- PLN PNNI Logical Node sonal Handyphone System PLO Path Layer Overhead PHY Physical Layer Device; Physical PLS Private Line Service PIB Policy Information Base PLT Power Line Telecommunications PIC Personal Instant Communications; PM Performance Management; Per- Physical Interface Card; Polyethyl- formance Monitoring; Program ene Insulated Cable; Program- Manager; Project Manager mable Interrupt Controller PMA Power Management Algorithm PICC Primary Interexchange Carrier Charge PMBB Performance Monitoring Building Block pid Password Identifier PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion; PID Personally Identifiable Data; Pakistan MNP (Mobile Number Protocol Identifier; Packet Identi- Portability) Database fier; Personal Identification PMDC PMD Compensator PIF Packet Interface FPGA PMM Power Management Module; PIK Premises Installation Kit Packet Mobility Management PIN Photo Intrinsic; Positive-Intrinsic PMO Program Management Office Negative; Personal Identification Number PMR Personal Mobile Radio PING Packet Internet Groper PMRS Private Mobile Radio Service PIP Plug-In Provisioning; Pre-Impuls- PN Pseudo Noise; physical node ing Pulse PNA Phone Network Alliance PITS Proprietary Integrated Telephone PNC Physical Node Controller System PNNI Private Network-to-Network PIXIT Protocol Implementation eXtra Interface; Private Network Node Information for Testing Interface

37 PNP Private Numbering Plan PRC Primary Reference Clock PO Purchase Order PRD Pseudo-Random Downstream POC Point Of Contact; PTT (Push-To- PRI Primary Rate Interface Talk) Over Cellular PRL Preferred Roaming List POE Power Over Ethernet PRM Performance Report Message POF Plastic Optical Fiber PRN Pseudo-Range Node POH Path Overhead PRNG Pseudo Random Number Genera- POIP Presence Over Internet Protocol tors POM Project Office Manager PROM Programmable Read Only PON Passive Optical Network Memory POP/PoP Point of Presence, usually refer- PROT Protocol; Protection ring to an Internet service pro- PRS Primary Reference Source vider/access point PRU Pseudo-Random Upstream POR Power on Reset PS Power Supply; Policy Server POS Packet over SONET; Positive ps/nm-km Pico-second Terminal; Point Of Service PSA Packet Cable Service Agreement POST Power on Self Test PSAP Public Safety Answering Point POT Plain Old Telephone; Point Of Termination; PSBF Protection Switching Byte Failure POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PSC Protection Switching Count; Proj- ect Steering Committee; Packet POU Point Of Use Switched Call PPC Power PC PSD Protection Switching Duration PPD Partial Packet Discard PSDS Public Switched Digital Service PPJC Positive Pointer Justification PSE Post Switched Ethernet Count PSEL Presentation Suite PPL Point-to-Point Link PSELFEXT Power Sum Equal Far End Cross PPM Parts Per Minute; Parts Per Mil- Talk lion; Pulses Per Million PSI Program Specific Information PPOED Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet DAEMON; Point-to-Point PSK Phase Shift Keying Protocol Over Ethernet Discovery PSL Path Signal Label Pport Physical port PSM Persistent Stored Module PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PSN Packet Switch Node; Packet PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Switched Network; Personal Ethernet Subscription Number; Public Switched Network PPS Path Protection Switched; Pulses per Second P-SNC Permanent SNC PPSD Personal Portable Security Device PSNEXT Power Sum Near End Cross Talk PPSN Public Packet Switched Network PSP Payphone Service Provider PPT Power Passing Tap PSQM Perceptual Speech Quality Mea- surement PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PSR Protection Side Regeneration; PR Please Retry Path Switched Ring PRA Primary Rate Access PSS Phone Search Space PRB Project Review Board PST Primary State; Pacific Standard PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Time PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence PSTN Public Switched Telephone Net- PRBT Personal Ring Back Tone work

38 PSU Power Supply Unit; Packet Switch QDR Quad Data Rate Unit QL Quality Level PSX Power System Exchange QMC QUICC Multichannel Controller PT Pass-Through; Payload Type QNC Quick Net Connect PTA Pakistan Telecommunication QNS Questar Network Services Authority; Pre-Transmission Audit QOB Quality Of Burst PTAM Professional Telephone Answer- QOD Quality Of Data ing Machine QOI Quality Of Information PTCM Pragmatic Trellis Coded Modula- tion QOS Quality Of Service PTE Path Terminating Equipment QOSM Quality Of Service Management PTI Payload Type Indicator QOSOI Quality Of Service Over IP (Inter- net Protocol) PTML Pakistan Telecommunications Mobile, LTD. QOTS Quality Of Telephone Services PTN Portable Telephone Network QOV Quality Of Voice PTO Private Telecommunications QPA Quality Performance Analysis Operator QPM Quarterly Progress Meeting; QoS PTP Personal Telco Project; Physical Policy Manager Termination Point; Point-To-Point; QPR Quarterly Progress Report Path Termination Point QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, a PTS Per Trunk Signaling modulation scheme PTSE PNNI Topology State Element QPW QUIKPAGER Wireless PTSP PNNI Topology State Packet QQS QOS (Quality Of Service) Query Service PTT Posts, Telegraph and Telephone company (usually a government QRW Quasi-Random Word monopoly operator); Postal, Tele- QS Quasi-Synchronous phone, and Telegraph Authority; QSK Quadrature Shift Keying Push To Talk QUICC Quad Integrated Communica- PUK Phone Unlock Key tions Controller PV Protocol Violation PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit; Poly R Vinyl Chloride; Private Virtual R Ring Circuit R&D Research and Development; PVG Packet Voice Gateway; Personal Research and Design Voice Greeting R.H. Relative Humidity PVR Personal Video Recorder R/W Read/Write PWB Printed Wire Board RAD Recorded Announcement Device PWCS Personal Wireless Communica- tions Device RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service PWM Pulse Width Modulation RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber PWP Plastic Wall Phone Line PWR Power RAI Remote Alarm Indication RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Q Disk; Redundant Array of Inde- Q3 Telecommunications Manage- pendent Disk ment Network (TMN) Interface RAIG Resource Availability Information QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modula- Group tion RAITN Regional Arab Information Tech- QC Quality Conversation nology Network 39 RALB Resource All Busy RDF Rate Decrease Factor; Remote RAM Random Access Memory Distribution Frame RAN Regional Area Network RDI Remote Defect Indication RANAP Radio Access Network Applica- RDI-L Remote Defect Indication-Line tion Part RDI-P Remote Defect Indication-Path RANN Recorder ANNouncer RDI-V Remote Defect Indicator-Virtual RAPID Remote Access Protocol Interface RDS Rate Determining Step Device RDT Recall Dial Tone; Remote Digital RAS Remote Access Services Terminal RASCOM Regional African Satellite Com- RDY Ready munications Organisation RDY/BSY Ready/Busy RAT Radio Access Technologies RED Random Early Detection; Random RAU Radio Access Unit Early Discard RB Randomized Block; Resource REF Reference Bearer REI Remote Error Indication RBF Reconfigurable Blocking Filter REI-L Remote Error Indication-Line RBHC Regional Bell Holding Company REI-P Remote Error Indication-Path RBM Regional Business Manager Remote or remote terminal, used to RBOC Regional Bell Operating Com- describe a VSAT installation pany REN Ringer Equivalence Number RBS Really Bad Service; Robbed Bit Rev. Revision Signaling RF Radio Frequency RBT Ring Back Tone RFC Request for Comment RBW Resolution Bandwidth RFFP Request For Final Proposals RC Rating and Certification RFI Radio Frequency Interference; RCC Routing Control Channel; Radio Remote Failure Indication; Re- Common Carrier quest for Information RCDD Registered Communications RFIDAI Radio Frequency IDentification Distribution Design Association of India RCE Region Code Enhancement RFI-L Remote Failure Indication (de- RCF Remote Call Forwarding tected at the line-layer) RCH Receive CHannel RFI-P Remote Failure Indication (de- RCMAC Recent Change Memory Adminis- tected at the path-layer) tration Center RFO Reason For Outage RCMAG Recent Change Memory Adminis- RFP Request for Proposal tration Group RFR Radio Frequency Radiation RCMS Recharge Card Management RFS Request For Service; Resource System Facing Service RCQS Roaming Call Quality Sensor RFT Radio Frequency Transmitter used RCS Radio Cluster Server; Real Com- to describe large antennas with munication Solution associated receive/transmit RCU Remote Control Unit equipment RCV Receiver RG Residential Gateway RCVR Receiver RGC Resource-Guaranteed Connection RCVS Recharge Card Voucher System RGM Radio Group Mobile RD Receive Data; Receive Delay RHC Regional Holding Company RDD Random Digit Dialing RHE Regional Head-End

40 RI Receiver Induced; Ring In; Ring ROF Reformat On the Fly Indicator ROH Receiver Off Hook RIB Routing Information Base ROI Return on Investment; Return On RIC Radiocommunications Informa- Information; Return On Internet tion Circular ROM Read Only Memory RICK Repeater Interface Communica- ROPP Receiver Only Packet Pair tions Kit ROS Remote Operations Service RII Routing Information Indicator bit ROSE Remote Operations Service Ele- RIM Remote Integrated Mulitplexor ment RIN Relative Intensity Noise ROW Return OrderWire; Rest Of World RINO Roaming International Network RPE-LPC Regular Pulse Excited-Linear Operator Predictive Coder RIP Routing Information Protocol RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term RITS Residential Information Technol- Prediction ogy Services RPM Revolutions Per Minute RJ Registered Jack RPR Resilient Packet Ring RJ-11 Registered Jack–11; Registered RPS Really Poor Service Jack type 11 (4-wire connector) RPT Reply Paid Telegram RJ-14 Registered Jack type 14 (2-wire connector) RPV Resource Property Value RJ-25 Registered Jack type 25 (6-wire RR Ready to Receive; Reverse Re- connector) quest; Receiver Ready RKS Record Keeping Server RRB Reliability Review Board RLA Received Level Average RRO Record Route Object; Regulated Rate Option RLC Radio Link Control; Reverse Link Channel RR-R Reverse Request-Ring RLCI Receive Line Clock Input RR-S Reverse Request-Span RLDI Receive Line Data Input RS Regenerator Section; Reed-Solo- mon RLF Remote Line Failure RS232 Recommended Standard –232 RLU Remote Line Unit RS-E Ring Switch-East RM Resource Management RSL Remote Serial Link; Request and RMA Return Material Authorization; Status Links; Restricted Service Replace Material Authorization Licence; Restricted Service RMAN Recovery Manager License RMI Remote Method Invocation RSN Readable Serial Number; Re- RMS Root Mean Square gional Service Network RNC Controller RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead RNR Not Ready to Receive; Remote RSP Route Switch Processor Failure Indication; Receive Not RSS Radio Service Software; Ready Remote Switching Sites; Remote RNW Radio NetWork Switching System RNX Restricted Numeric Exchange RST Regenerator Section Terminating RO Recieve Only (TTY) RSU Remote Switching Unit; Required Service Utilization ROADM Re-configurable Optical Add/ Drop Multiplexer RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol ROC Regional Operations Center RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol with Traffic Engineering ROE Right of Entry RS-W Ring Switch-West 41 RT Real Time; Refuse Transmission; RZ-DPSK Return to Zero Differential Phase Remote Terminal; Remote Tele- Shift Keying phone Bell RTC Real-Time Clock; Right To Carry S RTI Real-Time Ingest s Second; Subscriber RTN Return (voltage return) s.f. Square Foot RTNZ Rate for Transmission service for a S/IMP Signal to Impulse Ratio Non-Zone load S/N Signal to Noise Ratio RTOS Real-Time Operating System SA Service-Affecting RTP Routing Table Protocol; Real-Time SAA Service Adaptive Access Transport Protocol; Routine Task Procedure SAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer RTPB Residential consumer Third-Party SABLIME Product Administration System Billing (AT&T) RTPS Real Time Streaming Protocol SACC Service Awareness Charging Control RTRV Retrieve SAF System Access Fee RTS Ready to Send; Request to Send; Real Time Operation System SAG Subscription Assignment Group RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol SAI Serving Area Interface RTT Round-Trip Time; Roof Top Tower SAM Service Access Multiplexer RTU Right To Use; Remote Test Unit SAMA Spread Aloha Multiple Access RTVBR Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Traffic SAMI Structured Adjustment & Mainte- nance Interface RTX Real Telephone eXchange SAMP Server Availability Maintenance RTZ Rate for Transmission service for a Processor Zone load SAMS Service Agreement Management RU Rack Unit System RUIM Removable User Identification SAN Storage Area Network Module SAP Secondary Audio Program RW Rewind SAPI Service Access Point Identifier RWA Routing and Wavelength Assign- ment SAR Segmentation and Reassembly RWF Roaming Wireless Framework SARP Switching Address Resolution Protocol RWI Real Wireless Intelligence; Regu- lar Word Interval SAR-PDU Segmentation And Reassembly Protocol Data Unit RWIN Receive WINdow; Regional Wire- less Network SAS Severely Errored Frame and AIS Seconds; Special Access Sur- RWT Receiver Wait Time charge RX Receive SASE Standalone Synchronization Rx Receiver SATA Serial AT Attachment Rx Line Receive Line SATCOM Satellite Communications RXD Receive Data SATT Synchronization, Alarms, and RXJ Receive-Protocol Reject Telemetry Termination RXP Roaming eXchange Protocol SAW Surface Acoustic Wave RYC Returned Your Call S-band 4/2 GHz (UL/DL) frequency band RYP Romanian Yellow Pages; Russian SBC Session Border Controller; South- Yellow Pages western Bell Corporation RZ Receive ZModem; Return to Zero SBLK Errored Superblocks

42 SBS Stimulated Brillouin Scattering SCU Service Creation Unit; System SBV Switched Broadcast Video Control Unit SBW Signal Bandwidth SD Signal Degrade; Signal Detect; Standard Definition; Speed Dial; SBX Small Business Exchange Speed Download SC Service Channel; Square Connec- SDA System Design Authority tor; Shelf Controller SDCC Section Data Communications SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Channel Acquisition SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control SCAT Single Channel Autonomous CHannel Trunking SDF Service Data Function, IN block SCC Serial Communications Control- ler; Serial Communications Chan- SDFI Secure Digital Forensic Imaging nels; Service Connection Charges; SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Specialized Common Carrier; SDHLR Super-Distributed Home Location Switching Control Center Register SCCI Small Computer System Interface SDI Secure Digital Interface; Serial SCCP Signalling Connection Control Digital Interface Part, part of SS7 SDK Service Development Kit SCCS Switching Control Center System SDL Synchronous Data Link; Synchro- SCD Strong Commit Dependency nous Delay Line S-CDMA Synchronous Code Division Mul- SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control; tiple Access Systems Development Life Cycle SCE Service Creation Environment, IN SDM Service Delivery Management block SDMA Space Domain Multiple Access SCEP Service Creation Environment SDMH Severely Degraded Modem Hours Point, IN block SDN Software Defined Network SCF Service Control Function, IN block SDP Session Description Protocol; SCM Service Channel Modem; Service Service Data Point; Service Defini- Class Mark; Sub-Carrier Multiplex- tion and Provisioning ing SD-P Signal Degrade-Path SCN Service Channel Network; Shared Content Network; Switched SD-R Signal Degrade-Ring Circuit Network SDRAM Synchronized Dynamic Random SCO Synchronous Connection Oriented Access Memory SCP Service Control Point, IN block; SD-S Signal Degrade-Span Service Commitment Period SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier SDTV Standard Definition Television SCR Sustainable Cell Rate; Silicon SDU Service Data Unit Controlled Rectifier SE Systems Engineer SCRB SBC (Single Board Computer) SEAL Simple and Efficient Adaptation Control and Reset Box Layer SCRG Servicing Carrier Reference Guide SEC Secondary S-CSCF Serving Call/Session Control SEF Severely Errored Framing Function SEFL Single Ended Fault Locating SCSI Small Computer System Interface SEFS Severely Errored Frame Seconds SCTE Society of Cable Telecommunica- SEFS-S tions Engineers Severely Errored Framing Seconds-Section SCTP Stream Control Transmission SEM Protocol Service Entitlement Manager

43 SEMS Severely Errored Multi-frame SIC System Integrity Control; Stan- Seconds dard Industrial Classification SerDes Serializer/DeSerializer SID System Identification number; SES Severely Errored Seconds Source Identifier SES-L Severely Errored Seconds-Line SIF SONET Interoperability Forum; Switch Interface FPGA; Session SES-LFE Severely Errored Seconds-Line Initiation Protocol Far End SIGTRAN SIGnaling TRANsport SES-P Severely Errored Seconds-Path SIM Service Interface Module SES-PFE Severely Errored Seconds-Path Far End SIM Subscriber Identity Module SINAD SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio SIgnal-to-(Noise And Distortion) ratio SES-RS Severely Errored Seconds- SINAP Regenerator Section Signalling and Intelligent Network Applications Platform SES-S Severely Errored Seconds-Section SIO Subscribers In Operation SES-V Severely Errored Seconds-VT SIP Service Interface Point; Session SES-VFE Severely Errored Seconds-VT Far Initiation Protocol End SIT Special Information Tone SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing SITA Société Internationale de Télé- Source communications Aéronautique SF Signal Failure; Single Frequency; SL Single Line Super Frame SLA Service Level Agreement SFD Start of Frame Delimiter SLC Service Level Contract; Subscriber SFF Small Form Factor (connector) Line Charges; Subscriber Line SFN Single Frequency Network Concentrator; Subscriber Loop SFO Sync Frequency Offset Carrier SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable SLF Subscriber Location Function SF-R Signal Failure-Ring SLIC Subscriber Line Interface Circuit SF-S Signal Failure-Span SLICE Selective Line Insertion Commu- nication Equipment SG Signaling Gateway; Super Group SLIM Service Level Improvement SGC Signaling Gateway Controller Method SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SGF Signaling Gatemway Function SLLR Single Line Loud Ringer SGSN Serving GPRS (General Packet SLM Signal Leakage Meter; Signal Radio Service) Support Node Line Measurement; Subscriber SGW Server GateWay Loop Multiplex; Service Layer sh Bourne Shell Manager SHD Smart Handheld Device SLP Service Location Protocol SHIT Single-Hop Infrastructure Trans- SLR Service Level Report mission SLT Signaling Link Termination SHM Short-Haul Modem SM Single Mode; Switching Module; SHR Self-Healing Ring Shelf Manager SHx Shelf Number SM OFC Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cable SI Serial Interface; Service Indepen- SMAP Service Management Access dent Point, IN block SIB Service Independent Building SMASE Systems Management Applica- Block, IN block tion Service Element SMB Small and Medium Business 44 SMC Serial Management Controllers; SNIX Single Noise Interference Xtermi- Standard Management Commit- nator tee; Switch Management Center SNM Switching Network Manager SMCS Short Message Service Center SNMP Simple Network Management SMDF Subscriber Maintenance Distribut- Protocol ing Frame SNP Sequence Number Protection SMDR Station Message Detail Recording SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SMDS Satellite Multimedia Delivery SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol System; Switched Multi-megabit Data Service SO Serving Office SME Small and Medium Enterprise; SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier; Short Message Entity Service Order Administration SMF Single Mode Fiber SOF Start Of Frame SMG Super Master Group SOH Section Overhead; State of Health SMIR Single Mode Intermediate Reach SOHO Small Office/Home Office SML Service Management Layer SONET Synchronous Optical Network, SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center equivalent to SDH SMLR Single Mode Long Reach SOP Standard Operating Procedure SMM Service Mediation Module SP Shelf Processor; Shelf Pump SMON Switch Monitor SPA Service Planning Area; Special SMOP Service Method of Procedure Prorate Agreement SMP Service Management Point, IN SPC Service Provider Code; Stored block Program Control; SONET Perma- SMS Server Malloc (Memory ALLOCa- nent Circuit tion) System; Service Manage- SPCN Satellite Personal Communica- ment System; Short Message tions Network Service SPCS Stored Program Control System SMSC Short Message Service Centre, SPD Serial Presence Detect part of GSM messaging system SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope SMT Surface Mount Technology; Self- Monitoring Task; Secure Mobile SPF Shortest Path First; Summertime Transfer; Sequential Manual Phone Functionality Transmission SPH Samsung PHone S-MTA Standalone Multimedia Terminal SPI Serial Peripheral Interface; Service Adaptor Provider Interface SMU Service Management Unit SPID Service Profile Identifier SN Service Node, IN block SPIN Service Provider Identification SNA Systems Network Architecture Number SNAP Sub-Network Access Protocol SPM Self-Phase Modulation SNC Subnetwork Connection; Subnet- SPN Service Panel Number work Controller SPNI Service Provider Network Identi- SNCP Subnetwork Connection Protec- fier tion SPR/SPRing Shared Protection Ring SNCP/I Subnetwork Connection Protec- SPTP Service Path Termination Point tion/Inherent monitoring SPU Service Publication Unit SNCP/N Subnetwork Connection Protec- SPV Sound, Picture, Voice tion/Non-intrusive monitoring SPVC Soft Permanent Virtual Connec- SNG Satellite News Gathering tion; Soft Permanent Virtual SNI Subscriber-Network Interface Circuit 45 SQ Service Quality SSCS Service-Specific Convergence SQE Signal Quality Error Sublayer SQL Structured Query Language SSEL Session Selector SQM Satellite Quality Monitor; Signal SSF Server Signal Failure; Service Quality Manager Switching Function, IN block SQR Signal to Quantizing noise Ratio SSG Signaling Server Global SR Short Reach (fiber); Service Re- SSL Secure Sockets Layer lease; Service Request; Sub- SSM Source-Specific Multicast; Spread scriber Ready Spectrum Multiple Access; Syn- SRA Seamless Rate Adaptation chronization Status Message SRAM Static Random Access Memory SSMF Standard Single Mode Fiber SRC/DST Source/Destination SSN Switched Service Network SRD Software Release Document’; SSP Secure Service Provider; Service Short Range Device Switching Point; Special Service Package SRF Specialised Resource Function, IN block SSPA Solid State Power Amplifier SRL Singing Return Loss SSRC Synchronization SouRCe SRM Short-Range Modem SST Secondary Service State SRN Software Release Notice SSTUR Site-Specific Turn-Up Report SRP Spatial Reuse Protocol; Special- SSU Synchronization Supply Unit ized Resource Point ST Straight Terminus; Straight Tip; SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering; Signaling Transport Converter Supported Residential Service ST1 Stratum 1; Switched T1 SRT Source Route Transparent ST2 Stratum 2 SRTS Synchronous Residual Time Stamp ST3 Stratum 3 SRU Single Receiver Unit ST3E Stratum 3 Enhanced SRVEFF Service Affecting (TL1) ST4 Stratum 4 (Asynchronous) SS Supervisory Center STAN Supply of Telstra Account Number SS/TDMA Satellite Switched Time Division STB Set-Top Box Multiple Access, Intelsat service STC Stacking and Timing Card; Signal- SS1 CCITT Signaling Sys. 1 ing Transport Converter (500/20 Hz tones) STD Secondary Telecom District; Sub- SS2 CCITT Signaling Sys. 2 scriber Trunk Dialing (600/750 Hz tones) STDM Statistical Time Division Multi- SS3 CCITT Signaling Sys. 3 plexer (2280 Hz tone) STE Section Terminating Equipment; SS4 CCITT Signaling Sys. 4 Section Terminating Element (2040/2400 Hz tones) STI Speech Transmission Index SS5 CCITT Signaling Sys. 5 STII (2) Type of optical connector (2400/2600 Hz tones) STK Satellite Tool Kit SS6 CCITT Signaling Sys. 6 (equivalent to CCIS) STM Synchronous Transfer Mode, or Module SS7 CCITT Signaling System 7 STM-0 Synchronous Transfer Mode level SSAP Source Service Access Point 0, SDH bit rate = 51.84 Mb/s SSB Single Sideband; Single SideBand STM-1 Synchronous Transfer Mode level SSC Service Shortcut Changer 1, SDH bit rate = 155.52 Mb/s SSCOP Service Specific Connection STM-16 Synchronous Transfer Mode level Oriented Protocol 16, SDH bit rate = 2488.32 Mb/s 46 STM-4 Synchronous Transfer Mode level SWAN Structured Wireless Aware Net- 4, SDH bit rate = 622.08 Mb/s work STM-64 Synchronous Transfer Mode level SWANSAT Super- SATel- 64, SDH bit rate = 9953.28 Mb/s lite STMB Space-Time Multiple Beam SWAP Shared Wireless Access Protocol STM-n Synchronous Transport Module SWAT Sit, Wait, And Talk “n” SWCA Split Working Channel Access STM-nC Synchronous Transport Module of SWF SWitched Fractional level n concatenated SWF-DS1 Switched Fractional DS1 line, STMX SONET/SDH Thin Multiplexer 1.544 Mbits/Second STN Small Town Network SWID Software Identifier STP Spanning Tree Protocol; Shielded SWN Statewide Wireless Network Twisted Pair; Signal Transfer Point; Software Test Plan SWNI Smart Wireless Network Interface STS Synchronous Transport Signal; SWOD Software ODACS Small Telephone System; Syn- SX Short Reach as in 1000Base-SX; chronous Transfer Signal Simplex (one-way) STS-1 Synchronous Transport Signal SXD SpiralXdesign Level 1 SYN Synchronization Character ; Syn- STS-3 Synchronous Transport Signal chronous Level 3 SYNC Synchronization; Synchronous STS-3c Synchronous Transport Signal SYNCIO Synchronized Input/Output Level 3, concatenated SYNTRAN SYNchronous TRANsmission STS-n Synchronous Transport Signal “n” SYSLOG System Log STS-Nc Contiguous Concatenation of N STS-1 SPEs T STS-N-Xv Virtual Concatenation of X STS-N SPEs T Telecom; Tip STU Secure Telephone Unit; Synchro- T1 Service or line operation at the nized, Traceability Unknown; DS-1 rate Stratum Traceability Unknown T1 1,544 Mb/s line (U.S.-Oriented) STUN Simple Traversal of UDP (User T3 Digital Carrier System for DS3 Datagram Protocol) through NAT Signals (Network Address Translation) T3 44.736 Mb/s line STU-P Stratum Traceability Unknown- TA Terminal Adapter Provisioned TAAC Telecommunications Access Advi- SU Service Unlimited sory Committee SUF Service Update Facility TAC Transport Aggregated Circuit; SVC Switched Virtual Circuit; Scalable Technical Assistance Center; Video Coding; Single Voice Coil Terminal Access Circuit SVCC Switched Virtual Channel Connec- TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access tion Control Systems SVD Simultaneous Voice and Data TACS Total Access Communications SVOD Subscription Video on Demand System; Telephone Access Cus- tomer Satisfaction SVP Secure Video Processor TAD Telephone Answering Device SVPC Switched Virtual Path Connection TADR Target Address SVW Sioux Valley Wireless TADRMAP Target Address Map SW Software TAE Terminal Adapter Equipment

47 TAM Total Addressable Market; Tele- TCM Trellis Coded Modulation; Trans- phone Answering Machine port Channel Members; Tandem TAMS Telecom Analysis and Manage- Connection Maintenance; Trellis- ment System Coded Modulation TAP Test Access Port; Technician Ac- TCMO Transport Complex Managed cess Port; Test Access Path; Object Telecommunity Appalachian TCMS Trunked Code Management Project; Telocator Alphanumeric System Paging TCP Transmission Control Protocol; TAPI Telephony Application Program- Trouble Cleaning Procedure; ming Interface Telephone Connecting Program TAPS Telephone Application Processing TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/ System Internet Protocol TARP Target Identifier Address Resolu- TCS Telephony Control Specification tion Protocol TCT Tin Can Technology TAS Telecommunications Authority of TCTP Transparent Connection Termina- Singapore tion Point TASI Time Assigned Speech Interpola- TD Traffic Director; Transmit Data tion TDB Technology Development Board TAU Test Access Unit TDD Telecommunications Device for TAX Trunk Automatic Exchange the Deaf TB Terabyte TDEV Time Deviation TBD To Be Determined TDM Time Division Multiplexing TBF Telephone Band Filtering TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TBOS Telemetry Byte Oriented Serial TDOA Time Difference Of Arrival Protocol TDP Tag Distribution Protocol TbPS Terabits Per Second TDR Time Domain Reflectometer TBQ Telecommunications Billing Ques- tion TDSA TELCO (TELephone COmpany) Distribution Support Architecture TBR Tagged Bit Rate; Telephone Bill- ing Service TDU T1 Distribution Unit TBUS Timing Bus TE Terminal Equipment TC Transmission Convergence; Trans- TEC Thermo-Electric Cooler port Complex; Transport Channel; TED Traffic Engineering Database Technical Consultant; Telephone TEHO Tail End Hop Off Call; Terminating Channel TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier; TCA Threshold Crossing Alert; Timing Terminal Equipment Identifier Control and Access; Telecom Telco Computing Architecture; Thresh- Telephone Company old Crossing Alert TELECOM Telecommunications TCAM TeleCommunications Access TELNET TELecommunications NETwork Method TELR Talker Echo Loudness Rating TCAP Transaction Capabilities Applica- TEM Telecom Expense Management tion Part TEO Telephone Equipment Order TCB Telecommunication Certification TEO Telephone Equipment Order Body TERM Termination TCBE Total Corrected Bit Error TESP Telecommunications Enterprise TCBH Time Consistency Busy Hours Strategic Program TCCL Terminating Carrier Command TETRA Trans-European Trunked RAdio Line

48 TFA Toll Free Authorization TL Telephone Lead TFO Tandem Free Operation TL1 Transaction Language One TFT Thin Film Transistor TL-1 Transaction Language 1 TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TL-1 CLI Transaction Language One, Com- TG Timing Generator mand Line Interface TGCP Trunking Gateway Control Proto- TLC Transport Logical Connection; col Text Link Cellular; Transparent Line Control TGS Time Generation System TLI Transaction Language Command THEC Corrected Type Header Error Cor- Line Interface rection Code TLM Trouble Locating Manual THK TeleHallintoKeskus (Finnish: Tele- communications Administration TLP Transmission Level Point Centre) TLPU Telecommunications Line Protec- THL Trans-Hybrid Loss tor Unit THz TeraHertz (1012 hertz) TLR Traffic Line Remover THZ TeraHertz TLS Transparent LAN Services; Tele- phone Line Simulator; Telephone TI Terrestrial Interference Locking System TIA Telecommunications Industry As- TLSR Transoceanic Line Switched Ring sociation TLT Test Loop Translator TIC Talking In Confidence TLV Type-Length-Value T-IC T-interConnect TLWS Trunk and Line Work Station TID Target Identification; Terminal Identification TLX TIE Time Interval Error; Telephone TM Timing Module; Transaction Man- Interconnect Equipment ager TIF Telecommunications Infrastructure TMAP Technical Management Assis- Fund tance Programme TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch; Trans- TMC Terminal Monitor and Control; mit Intermediate Multiplexer; Time-slot Management Channel Telecom Idea Management TMD Trunk Main Distributing TIMS Telephone Information Manage- TME Telocator Message Entry ment System; Transmission TMF TeleManagement Forum Impairment Measuring Set TML Telephony Markup Language TIM-S Trace Identifier Mismatch-Section TMN Telecommunications Manage- TINA Telecommunications Information ment Network; Telecommunica- Networking Architecture tions Management Network TIP Telecommunications Infrastructure TMO Trans Metro Optical (platform); Planning Telecommunications Manage- TIRKS Trunk Integrated Record Keeping ment Officer System tmout Time Out TIRKS Trunk Integrated Records Keep- tmper Time Period ing System TMR Trunked Mobile Radio TISSA Time Space Switch Application- Specific Integrated Circuit TMRS Traffic Measurement and Record- ing System TJB Telephone Junction Box TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber TJR Trunk and Junction Routing Identity TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TMUX Terminal Multiplexer TKT ticket TN Telephone Number

49 TNI Telephone Network Interface TRS Telecommunications Relay Ser- TNL Ethernet Tunneling vice; Trunked Radio System TNM Transport Network Management tRTO TCP Retransmit Timeout TNS Telephone Notification System; TrTOH Transparent Transport Overhead Time to Next Send TRX Tandem Repeater Exchange TNYWR The Number You Will Receive TS Time Slot; Time Stamp; Time TOD Television On Demand Synchronization; Telecom Server; Tip and Sleeve ToD Time of Day TSA Time Slot Assignment TOH Transport Overhead TSAR Terminating Switched Access Rate TOK Test OK TSB Telecommunications System Bul- TOM Telecom Operations Map letin TOMS Telecom Operations Manage- TSC Test System Controller ment Systems TSD Transport System Division; Trans- TON IEEE/ACM Transactions On Net- mission System Development working TSDU Transport Service Data Unit TOP Task Oriented Practice; Task Oriented Procedure; Technical TSE Topology State Element Office Protocol; Terahertz to Opti- TSEL Transport Selector cal Pulse Source TSF Transport Signal Failure TOS Temporarily Out of Service; Terms TSG Timing Signal Generator; Tele- Of Service; Testing Operation phone Security Group System TSGR Transport System Generic Re- TOU Time Of Use quirements TP Termination Point; Telephone TSI Time Slot Interchange; Time Pole; Typical Provider Switch Interchange TPB Talking Phone Book TSPS Traffic Service Position System TPC The Phone Company; Transmit TSR Technical Service Representative; Power Control Telephone Special Range; Terabit TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit Switch Router TPFI Timing Plane Fault Isolation TSS Terminating Switched Access TPI Tip-Party Identification TSX Time-Space Switch ASIC TPQ Transmission Power Quality TSY Telephony Server TPS Telephone Preference Service; TT Text Telephone; Tiny Telephone; Transmission Parameter Signal- Touch Tone ling; Trusted Provisioning Server TTD Temporary Transmit Delay TPSP Third Party Service Provider TTE Transparent Terminal Equipment; TQM Total Quality Management Tallahassee Telephone Exchange TR Technical Reference TTG Test Tone Generator TRAC Totally Reconfigurable Analog TTGS Test Tone Generator Software Circuit TTK Telephone Travel Kit TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of TTL Transistor Transistor Logic; Time India to Live TRD Timed Release Disconnect TTP Trail Termination Point TRF Transmit Reject Filter TTR Touch Tone Required TRIB Tributary TTS Telephone Traffic Simulator TRM Technical Review Meeting TTTN Tandem Tie Trunk Network TRNA Temporarily Restricted Net Asset TTTP Transparent Trail Termination Point 50 TTX TeleTeXt UAS-P Unavailable Seconds-Path TTY Teletype UAS-PFE Unavailable Seconds-Path Far TU Tributary Unit; Transmission Unit; End Total Usage UAS-RS Unavailable Seconds-Regenerator TUG Tributary Unit Group Section TUG-n Tributary Unit Group, level n UAS-S Unavailable Seconds-Section TUMS Telephone and Utilities Mainte- UAS-V Unavailable Seconds-VT nance System UAS-VFE Unavailable Seconds-VT Far End TU-n Tributary Unit, level n UAT Unavailable Time TUP Telephone User Part UAT Universal Access Transceiver TUR Trunk Utilization Report UAX 14 Unit Automatic eXchange type 14 TV Television UB Uncorrected Block TVL Telecoms Virtual Library UBI Usage Billing Information TVM T1 Voice Module UBR Undefined Bit Rate; Unspecified TVR Telephone Voice Response Bit Rate TVRO Television Receive Only earth sta- UBRVBR Unspecified Bit Rate Variable Bit tion Rate TW TrueWave; TWinbrook (telephone UBT Universal Backend Tester exchange) UC User Channel TWA The Wireless Association (former UCBE Uncorrectable Block Error Cellular Telecommunciations and UCC Universal Connectivity Charge Internet Association) UCD Upstream Channel Descriptor; TWC TrueWave Classic Uniform Call Distributor TWL Leased Teletypewriter service UCM Use Case Map TWX TeletypeWriter eXchange service UCP Universal Communications Plat- TX Transmit form Tx Line Transmit Line UD Unconditional Disconnect TXC Transmission Complete UDC Universal Digital Channel TXD Transmit Data UDLC Universal Digital Loop Carrier TXE Transmitter Empty UDLR Unidirectional Link Routing TXS Telephone eXchange Strowger UDP User Datagram Protocol; Up Down Pair U UDR Unconditional Disconnect Re- UA Universal Access; Unlimited Ac- sponse cess UDS Universal Directory Service UAC Uniform Annual Charge UDT Unreliable Data Transfer UAE United Arab Emirates UEM Universal Equipment Modules UAN Universal Area Network UEQ Unequipped UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ UGC Universal Gateway Carrier; Under- Transmitter Ground Communications UAS Unavailable Seconds UGS Unsolicited Grant Service UASL Unavailable Second Count-Line; UHD Ultra High Density Unified Access Service License UHF Ultra High Frequency UAS-L Unavailable Seconds-Line UI User Interface; Unnumbered UAS-LFE Unavailable Seconds-Line Far End Information (frame) UASP Unavailable Second Count-Path UIC User Interface Client

51 UID User Identifier UPMT Universal Per-application Mobility UIQ User Interface Quartz management using Tunnels UITS Unacknowledged Information UPN Universal Personal Number Transfer Service UPnP Universal Plug and Play UL Underwriters Laboratories; Up UPPC Up Path Power Control Link UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply ULC Universal Line Card UPSR Unidirectional Path Switched Ring ULH Ultra Long Haul UPT Universal Personal Telecommuni- ULL Unbundled Local Loop cations ULLS Unconditioned Local Loop Ser- URC Utility Reference Customer vice URI Universal Resource Identifier ULQ User Level Quality URL Universal Resource Locator ULSDCC Upper Layer Section Data Com- URM Uniform Redial Model munications Channel URR UHF (Ultra-High Frequency) Radio UMA Unlicensed Mobile Access Receiver UMATS University of Maryland Academic US Upstream Telecommunication System USA Underground Service Alert UMC Ukrainian Mobile Communica- USB Universal Serial Bus tions USD Universal Service Directive UMS Unified Messaging Service USEPA United States Environmental UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunica- Protection Agency tions System USF Universal Service Fund UNE-P Unbundled Network Element Platform USI User System Interface USLD UNEQ Unequipped Path; Unequipped United States Long Distance USOC UNEQ-P Unequipped Path Universal Service Order Code USPI Universal Serial Phone Interface UNEQ-V Unequipped VT USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/ UNEs Unbundled Network Elements Transmitter UNI User Network Interface UTC Universal Time Coordinated; UNI/UNIF User Network Interface Universal Transport Carrier UNICODE UNIversal trunk-Out-of-service UTFX Unit Testing Framework-XSLT Code (Extensible Stylesheet Language UNII Unlicensed National Information Transformation) Infrastructure UTI Union Internationale des Tele- UNL UNListed communications UNLD Unlimited Long Distance UTOPIA Universal Test and Operations Physical Interface for ATM UNO Universal Network Operations UTP Unprotected Termination Point; UNP UN-Published Unshielded Twisted Pair; Universal UNS Universal Numbering System Transmission Protocol UOG Universal OSS Gateway UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access UOS Units Of Service UTRAN UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecom- UPC Ultra Physical Contact; Universal munication System) Terrestrial Packet Carrier; Usage Parameter Radio Access Network Control; Universal Personal Com- UV Ultraviolet munication UVC Universal Voice Carrier; Universal UPCU Uplink Power Control Unit Video Carrier; Universal Voice Grade

52 V VDV Voice, Data, Video V Voltage VEC Voice Equivalent Circuit V/A Video/Audio VERT Vertical (distribution frame) VAC Voltage Alternating Current VF Virtual Fiber; Virtual Facility; Voice Frequency VAD Voice Activity Detection VF0 Voice Fundamental Frequency VADSL or Very high speed (Asymmetric) VDSL Digital Subscriber Line VFCU Voice/FAX Channel Unit VANS Value Added Network Services VFL Visual Fault Locator VAP Virtual Access Partitioning VFM Voice Frequency Measurement; Voice/ Fax Module VAS Value Added Services VFTP Virtual Facility Termination Point VAZO Violating All-Zero Octet VG Virtual Group; Voice Grade V-band 50/40 GHz VGA Variable Gain Amplifier VBI Vertical Blanking Interval VGC Voice Grade Channel VBR Variable Bit Rate VGCP Voice Grade Channel Processor VC Virtual Circuit; Virtual Channel; Virtual Container; Virtual Concat- VGF Voice Grade Facility enation VHF Very High Frequency VC Virtual Channel VHM Voice Health Monitor VCA Voice Connecting Arrangement VIDF Vertical Intermediate Distributing VCAT Virtual Concatenation Frame VCC Virtual Call Center; Voice Call VIL Voice Interconnect Link Continuity; Virtual Channel Con- VINC View, Navigate, and Convert nection; VSAT (Very-Small-Aper- VINF Vista Information Solution ture Terminal) Control Center VIRUS Vital Information Resources Under VCE Voice Clarity Enhancement Siege VCG Virtual Concatenation Group VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VLL Virtual Leased Line VCL Virtual Channel Link VLP Very Low Power VCM Virtual Concatenation-group VLR Very Long Reach; Visitor Location Member Registry VC-N Virtual Container Level N (N=11, VM Voice Mail; Virtual Memory 12, 2, 3, 4) VM Voice Mail; Voice Messaging VC-N-Xc Contiguous Concatenation of X Virtual Containers at Level N VMB Voice Mail Box; Voice Message Broadcasting VC-N-Xv Virtual Concatenation of X Virtual containers at Level N VME Versa Module Eurocard VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator VMES Vehicle-Mounted Earth Station VCR Video Cassette Recorder VMM Voice / Modem Module VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting VMO Virtual Mobile Operator Laser VMR Video Mail Retrieval VCT Variable Cam Timing VMUI Voice Mail User Interface VCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscil- VMWI Voice Message Waiting Indicator lator VMY Voice Mobility VDC Volts Direct Current VN Virtual Network VDSL Very-high-bit-rate Digital Sub- VNL Via Net Loss scriber Line VNS Virtual Network System VDT Video Dial Tone

53 VNT Very Nice Telephone VR Virtual Router VNTR Variable Number Tandem Repeats VRR Videoconferencing Reservation VO Voice Only Request VOA Variable Optical Attenuator VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Proto- col VOB Voice Over Broadband VRS Video Relay Service VOD Video On Demand Vrsm Voltage, Ringing Signal Modified VOF Voice Over Fiber (inverted) VOFR Voice Over Frame Relay VRSP Video Relay Service Provider VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol Vrsp Voltage, Ringing Signal Positive VoIPTXT Voice over Internet Protocol Text VSA Virtual-Scheduling Algorithm; VOL VOLume Vector Signal Analyzer VOM Volt-Ohm Meter VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal VON Voice Over Network VSC Vertical Service Code VOP Voice Over Packet VSI Vendor-Specific Information VOQ Virtual Output Queuing VSM Vestigial Sideband Modulation VOW Voice Order Wire VSM Voice Service Module VoX Voice eXchange VSP VoIP Service Partner VP Virtual Path VSR Very Short Reach; Viking Single- VPC Virtual Path Connection line loud Ringer VPCI Virtual Path Connection Identifier VSSP Virtual Service Switching Point VPDN Virtual Private Dial-up Network VT Virtual Tributary VPE/P&E Verify power and equipment VT-100 Terminal Emulation System VPG Virtual Path Group VTAM Virtual Telecommunications Ac- cess Method VPI Virtual Path Identifier VTG Virtual Tributary Group VPI/VCI Combined, VPI and VCI identify a connection on an ATM Network VTI Vietnam Telecom International VPL Virtual Path Link VTN Video Telecommunications Network VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service VTQ Voice Transmission Quality VPM Voice Private Message VTS Virtual Talk Session VPN Virtual Private Network V-UNI Virtual User Network Interface V-pole Vertical-pole VVD Voice and Video Data VPS Voice Processing System VVP Versatile Voice Processing VPSP Virtual Path Switch Protection VVX Voice and Video eXchange VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service VWO Virtual Wire Operations VPX Virtual Path Cross-connect VXML Voice Extensible Markup Lan- guage VQA Voice Quality Analyzer VYP Virtual Yellow Pages VQC Vector Quantizing Code VZBB Verizon BroadBand VQE Voice Quality Enhancements VZP Virtual Zapping Phone VQI Voice Quality Improvement VQL Vector Quantizing Level W VQR Voice Quality Rating W Watt; Working VQS Vienna Queueing System WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System VQT Voice Quality Testing WACM Wide Area Communications VQV Voice Quality Value Management

54 WACN Wide Area Communications WBIA Wireless Broadband Internet Ac- Network cess WACN ID Wide Area Communications WBMP Wireless Bitmap Network IDentifier WBOK Wireless Broadband of OKlahoma WACP Wide Area Calling Plan WBOX Wireless in a Box WACR Wide Area Call Reception WBS Work Breakdown Structure WAD Wavelength Add and Drop WBSN Wireless Broadband-Sharing WADS Wireless Access Development Network System WBT Wireless Business Technology WAE Wireless Application Environment WBTS Wireless Business Telephone WAFB Wireless Absolute Fairness Bound System WAGN West Antarctic GPS (Global Posi- WC Watts per channel tioning System) Network WCA Working Channel Access; Wire- WAIS Wide Area Information Server less Cable Association WAL WATS (Wide Area Telecommuni- WCB Wireline Competition Bureau cations Service) Access Line (FCC) WAN Wide Area Network WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple WAP Web Access Phone; Wireless Ap- Access plication Protocol; Wireless Ac- W-CDMA Wideband Code-Division cess Provider Multiple-Access WAPF Wireless Application Protocol WCFQ Wireless Credit-based Fair Forum Queueing WAPI Wireless LAN Authentication and WCM Wireless Connection Manager Privacy Infrastructure WCMP Wireless Control Message Protocol WAR Wireless Access Revolution WCOE Wireless Center Of Excellence WARP Wireless ATM (Asynchronous WCRL Wireless Communications Re- Transmission Mode) Research search Laboratory Project WCRM Wireless Customer Relationship WATS Wide Area Telecommunications Management Service WCS Wireless Communication Services; WAVE Wireless Access in Vehicular Envi- Wireless Coupon System ronments; Wireless Audio Visual Email WCSS WDM Capable Switching System WAW Wide Area Wireless WCTB Wireless Campus TestBed WAYP White And Yellow Pages WCTG Wireless Communications Tech- nologies Group WAYPE White And Yellow Pages Europe WCTP Wireless Communication Transfer WB Working Band; Westbound Protocol WBA Wireless Broadband Access; WCZO Wireless Communication Zoning Wireless Business Applications Ordinance WBBI Wireless BroadBand Internet WDA Wireless Developer Agency; WBCS Wireless Business Communica- Wireless Digital Assistant tions Systems W-DCS Wideband Digital Cross-Connect WBCT Wireless Broadband Communica- System tions Technology WDCX Wideband Digital Cross-connect WBE Wireless Business Engine WDDF Wireless Data Delivery Function WBGK Wireless Building-to-building WDDM Wavelength Division De-Multi- BridGe Kit plexing WBI Wireless Broadband Internet WDF Wireless Data Forum

55 WDL Wireless Device License WIAS Wholesale Internet Access WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing Services WDMW Web Directory for Mobile and WIAX WIreless Internet Access Wireless WIBR WIreless gate BRidge WDN Wireless Developer Network WICI Wireless Innovations in Communi- WDP Wireless Data Pool; Wireless cations Initiative Datagram Protocol WICS Wireless Integrated Communica- WDRM Wireless Design Reference tion System Manual WID Wireless Information Device WDS Wireless Distribution System WIDS Wireless Intrusion Detection Sen- WDSL Wireless Digital Subscriber Line sor WDSN Wireless Distributed Sensor Net- WIEA Wireless Internet Enterprise Ap- work plications WDT Watchdog timer WIF Wide Area Network Interface WE Western Europe WIFI WIreless FIdelity (IEEE 802.11) WECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility WIG Wireless Internet Gateway Alliance WIGLE WIreless Geographic Logging WECM WebSphere Everyplace Connec- Engine tion Manager WIKS Wireless Interactive Keypad Sys- WEDE Wireless Enterprise Delivery Envi- tem ronment WIM WAP (Wireless Application Proto- WEP Wired Equivalency Privacy col) Identity Module WEPD Weighted Early Packet Discard WIMC Wireless Intelligent Mobile Com- municator WEWI Wireline Electronic Weight Indica- tor WiMedia An alliance for Wireless Multime- dia WEXK Wireless EXit Kit WIN Wireless Intelligent Network WFA Workforce Automation WIOP Wireless Inter-ORB (Object Re- WFFQ Wireless Fluid Fair Queueing quest Broker) Protocol WFG Wireless Firewall Gateway WIPA Walkup Internet Port Authentica- WFII Wireless Facilities Information tion Infrastructure WIPI Wireless Internet Platform for WFM Workforce Management; Wireless Interoperability Frequency Modulation WIPN Wireless Internet Protocol Net- WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing work WFT Wireline Formation Test WIPS Wireless Intelligent Personal WFUP Wireless Fair Usage Policy Server WFZ Wire Free Zone WIPSC Wireless Intelligent Personal Server Consortium WGEN Wireless GENeration WIRC Wireless Information Resource WGIS Wireless Geographical Informa- Center tion System WISE Wireless Infrastructure Simulation WGX WebPhone Gateway eXchange; Environment Wireless Gateway Switch WISI Wireless Integrated Strike Inter- WHAT Wireless Hybrid Asynchronous face Time-bounded WISL Wireless Security Laboratory WHIW Wireless Home Installation Wizard WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider WHM Wireless Host Module WIT Wireless Image Transfer WIAD Wireless Integrated Access Device WITS Web Interface for TeleScience 56 WIUB WIreless Universal Base-mounted WMA Wireless Messaging API (Applica- WIVA Wireless Integrated Voice Access tion Programming Interface) WIVO WIreless VelOcity WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Net- work WIWT Wireless Internet of West Tennes- see WMBD Wireless Media Broadcast Device WIX Wireless Information eXchange WMCL Wireless Mobile Computer Labo- ratory WIXC Wireless Internet eXpress Con- nection WMIP Wireless-Mobility Integration Protocol WIXD Wireless Internet eXpress Data Connection WML Wireless Markup Language WIZ Wireless Internet Zone WMTP Wireless Messaging Transfer Protocol WL Wire Line WMTS Wireless Medical Telemetry Ser- WLA WireLess Access vice WLAB Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- WMYP Watch Market Yellow Pages work) Access Bridge WN Wireless Network WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WNA Wireless Network Adapter; Wire- WLAP Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- less Network Analyzer work) Access Point WNAN Wireless Neighborhood Area WLAR Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- Network work) Access Repeater WNAP Wireless Network Access Point WLDD Wireless Location-Dependent Data WNAR Wireless Network Access Require- ments WLDS Wilkes Long Distance Service WNAS Wireless Network Access Services WLEC WireLess Ethernet Converter WNC Wireless Network Communica- WLHB WireLine HandBook tions WLHP WireLess HeadPhone WND Wireless Network Design WLIA Wireless Location Industry As- WNE Wireless Network Experiment sociation WNI Wireless Network Interface WLL/WiLL Wireless Local Loop, WiLL is also Motorola’s WLL product line WNIU Wireless Network Interface Unit name WNL Wireless Networks Laboratory WLLD Wireless Local Loop Delivery WNM Wireless Network Management WLN WireLess Networking WNMS Wireless Network Management WLNP Wireless Local Number Portability System WLRL Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- WNP Wireless Number Portability work) Research Laboratory WNPD Wireless Network Persistent Data WLS Wait Listing Service WNPO Wireless Number Portability WLSE Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- Operations subcommittee work) Solution Engine WNQ Wireless Network Quality WLSM Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- WNQR Wireless Network Quality Review work) Springboard Module WNQS Wireless Network Quality Specifi- WLSS Wireless Lucent Soft Switch cation WLTF Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- WNRC Wireless Networks Research Center work) Task Force WNRL Wireless Network Research Labo- WLTG Wireless LAN (Local Area Net- ratory work) Technology Group WNSK Wireless Networking Starter Kit WM9 Windows Media Player Version 9 WNVA Wireless Network Vicinity Assess- ment 57 WON Wireless Optical Network WTA Western Telecommunications WOQS Wireless Operator Quarterly Service Alliance; Wireless Telephony Applications WORP Wireless Outdoor Router Protocol WTAI Wireless Telephony Applications WOS Wireless Optimization Service Interface WOSN Wireless Optimization Service WTC Wireless Topic Center Node WTCD World Telephone Card Databank WOW WithOut Wires WTCP Wireless Transport Control Proto- WP7 Windows Phone 7 col WPA Wireless (WiFi) Protected Access WTDC 2002 World Telecom Development WPA WiFi Protected Access Conference 2002 WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network WTDC 2003 World Telecom Development Conference 2003 WPBX Wireless Private Branch Exchange WTDC 98 World Telecom Development WPC Wireless Personal Communica- Conference 1998 tions WTEL Wireless TELephony WPCS Wireless Personal Communica- tions Services WTF Wireless Telecommunications Facility WPM Words Per Minute WTIA Wireless Technology Industry As- WPMS Wireless Pay phone Management sociation System WTID World TELECOM Internet Day WPOP Wireless Point Of Presence WTIS Wireless Telecommunications WPoS Wideband Packet over SONET Information & Services (Synchronous Optical NETwork) WTK Wireless ToolKit WPS Working/Protect Splitter; Wireless WTL Priority Service Wireless Transport Layer WTN Working Telephone Number WQoS Wireless Quality of Service WTNG World Telephone Numbering WRAN Wireless Rural Area Network Guide WRB Wireless Receiver Box WTNO Wireless Technologies and Net- WRBB Wireless Rural BroadBand work Overview WRBS Wireless Router Base Station WTNP Wireless Telephone Number WRED Weighted Random Early Discard; Portability Weighted Random Early Detec- WTNPA Wireless Telephone Number tion Portability Act WRI Wireless Reader Interface WTO World Trade Organisation WRRK Wireless Router and Repeater Kit WTP Wireless Transaction Protocol WRT/R Wireless Transmitter/Receiver WTPF World Telecommunication Policy WRU Wireless Receiver Unit Forum WSA Wireless Security Auditor WTPF 3 World Telecommunication Policy Forum 3 WSI Wireless Services Integration WTR Wait to Restore; Wireless Token WSL Wireless Security Laboratory, Ring Northeastern University; Wireless WTRN Systems Laboratory Wireless Token Ring Network WTRP Wireless Token Ring Protocol WSN Wireless Sensor Network WTS Wireless Telecommunication WSNN Wireless Sensor Network News Services WSP Wireless Service Provider; Wire- WTSF Wireless Telecommunication less Signal Processor Services Facilities WSS Wavelength Selective Switch WTSO Washington Telecommunications WT Wireless Telephony Services and Operations 58 WUA Wireless USB (Universal Serial XC Cross Connect Bus) Adapter XCVR Transceiver WUF Wireless University Forum XDSL See DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) WUSI Wireless Universal Strike Interface xDSL Digital Subscriber Line technolo- WVAS Wireless Value Added Services gies (ADSL/VDSLHDSL etc.) WVI Wireless Vehicle Interface xDSL x (any type of) Digital Subscriber WVoIP Wireless Voice over Internet Line Protocol XFP 10 Gb/s small form-factor plug- WVPN Wireless Virtual Private Network gable transceiver WWA Wireless Web Application XI X Identification (frame) WWAN Wireless Wide-Area Network XML Extensible Markup Language WWCE World Wide Cellular Extension XMTR Transmitter WWJ Wireless Watch Japan X-OFF Transmitter OFF WWN World Wide Name X-ON Transmitter ON WWO Wireless Work Order XOT X.25 Over TCP WWOM Wireless Work Order Manage- XPM Cross-Phase Modulation ment XWI XML (Extensible Markup Lan- WWRF Wireless World Research Forum guage) for Wireless Images WWSI Wireless Web Systems Integration Y WWVC WorldWide VideoConferencing YAC Yet Another Caller ID Program WWW World Wide Web YBY Why Be Yellow WWYP Westford Web Yellow Pages YIP Your Internet Phone WWZ Wireless Work Zone YP Yellow Pages WWZA Wireless Work Zone Alliance YYP Yahoo Yellow Pages WXE Wireless eXchange Engine Z X ZAC Zero Administration Client X.25 Packet Switched Communications Interface ZBTSI Zero Byte Time Slot Interchange XA-FR Exchange Access Frame Relay ZCZ Zero Correlation Zone XA-SMDS Exchange Access Switched Multi- ZDL Zonal Daily Load megabit Data Service ZPD Zero-Plus Dialing X-band 6-10 GHz (UL/DL) frequency ZUD Zero Unscheduled Downtime band, military use ZWP Zero Water Peak

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