FAMILY Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 - true loaches [=Cylindrosomes, Cobites, ?Acanthopsides, Acanthophthalminae, Misgurninae] Notes: [ICZN Opinion 1500] Cylindrosomes Duméril, 1805:138 [ref. 1151] (family) ? Cobitis [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Cobites Jarocki, 1822:27, 94 [ref. 4984] (family) Cobitis [stem Cobit- confirmed by Fitzinger 1832:332 [ref. 5019] and by Swainson 1838:227 [ref. 4302]; senior objective synonym of Acantophthalminae Gill, 1861] Cobitidae Swainson, 1838:227, 231, 360 [ref. 4302] (subfamily) Cobitis [stem changed to Cobitid- by Günther 1868:344 [ref. 1990], confirmed by Regan 1911e:31 [ref. 3642] and by Steyskal 1980:170 [ref. 14191]; Cobitidae Swainson, 1838 on Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology ICZN Opinion 1500; senior objective synonym of Acantophthalminae Gill, 1861] ?Acanthopsides Heckel & Kner, 1858:296 [ref. 2078] (family) †Acanthopsis Agassiz [= ? Cobitis; ref. 2078 possibly published autumn 1857] Acanthophthalminae Gill, 1861b:7 [ref. 32167] (subfamily) Acantophthalmus [Acanthophthalmus inferred from the stem; junior objective synonym of Cobites Jarocki, 1822, invalid, Article 61.3.2] Misgurninae Fowler, 1905b:474 [ref. 1370] (subfamily) Misgurnus [erroneously as Misgurnoinae in Nalbant 2002:328 [ref. 27361]]

GENUS Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823 - horse-faced loaches [=Acantopsis van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133, Prostheacanthus Blyth [E.], 1860:167] Notes: [ref. 5963]. Fem. Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823. Type by monotypy. Spelled Acantopsis in 1823 and Acanthopsis in French version (= van Hasselt 1824:376, 377 [ref. 5104]); Code requires use of original spelling. See Kottelat 1987:372 [ref. 5962]. •Valid as Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Chen 1981:22 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 1985:267 [ref. 11441], Roberts 1989:99 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:252 [ref. 23876], Menon 1992:102 [ref. 23970], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:69 [ref. 29956], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. (Prostheacanthus) [ref. 477]. Masc. Prostheacanthus spectabilis Blyth, 1860. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. Species Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823 - horse-faced loach [=Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133, Acanthopsis biaculeata Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1852:28, Acanthopsis choerorhynchus Günther [A.], 1868:365, Cobitis choirorhynchos Bleeker [P.], 1854:95, Cobitis macrorhynchos Bleeker [P.], 1854:95] Notes: [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (biaculeata) [Fische und deren Skelette; ref. 3846] Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. (choerorhynchus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (choirorhynchos) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16939] Confluence of Lamatang and Enim rivers, eastern Sumatra, Palembang Province, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (macrorhynchos)[Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16939] Borneo or Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991 - eyeline horse-faced loach (author) [=Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert [D. J.], 1991:910, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Copeia 1991 (no. 4); ref. 20043] Unnamed tributary of Kinabatangan River near Sungei Deramakot, about 5°18'N, 117°33'E, Kinabatangan District, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Acantopsis octoactinotos Siebert, 1991. Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860) - Tenasserim horse-faced loach (author) (no image available - author) [=Prostheacathus spectabilis Blyth [E.], 1860:167] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Burma. Current status: Valid as Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: not given Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999 - Thiemmedhi's horse-faced loach [=Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat [S.], 1999:66, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference; ref. 23935] Huey Nam Khoon, Huey Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Amphur Lan Sak, Uthai Thani Province Thailand, elevation 200 meters. Current status: Valid as Acantopsis thiemmedhi Sontirat, 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Aperioptus Richardson, 1848 - loaches [=Aperioptus Richardson [J.], 1848:27, Acanthopsoides Fowler [H. W.], 1934:103, Neacanthopsis Smith [H. M.], 1945:297] Notes: [ref. 3744]. Masc. Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848. Type by monotypy. •Unidentifiable -- (Roberts 1972:2 [ref. 12567]). •Possibly synonymy of Acantopsis van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Aperioptus Richardson, 1848 -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). Current status: Valid as Aperioptus Richardson, 1848. Cobitidae. (Acanthopsoides) [ref. 1417]. Masc. Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 -- (Nalbant 1963:365 [ref. 3140], Sawada 1982:201 [ref. 14111], Kottelat 1985:267 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:94 [ref. 6439], Siebert 1991 [ref. 20084], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832] as Acanthopsides, Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Kottelat & Tan 2008:69 [ref. 29956], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:21 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:176 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Aperioptus Richardson, 1848 -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). Current status: Synonym of Aperioptus Richardson, 1848. Cobitidae. (Neacanthopsis) [ref. 4056]. Fem. Neacanthopsis gracilentus Smith, 1945. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Neacanthopsis Smith, 1945 -- (Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605]). •Synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 -- (Siebert 1991:98 [ref. 20084], Kottelat 2012:21 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Aperioptus Richardson, 1848 -- (Page & Tangjitjaroen 2015:179 [ref. 33815]). Current status: Synonym of Aperioptus Richardson, 1848. Cobitidae.

Species Aperioptus delphax (Siebert, 1991) - Salween delphax loach (author) [=Acanthopsoides delphax Siebert [D. J.], 1991:105, Fig. 6] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Salween River at Mae Sahm, west of Mae Sariang, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus delphax (Siebert, 1991). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith, 1945) - Meping aperioptus loach (author) [=Neacanthopsis gracilentus Smith [H. M.], 1945:297, Fig. 61, Acanthopsoides namromensis Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:559, Fig. 8] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Meping River north of Chieng Mai [Chiang Mai], Chiengdao, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith, 1945). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (namromensis) [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Nâm Rôm River, Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Aperioptus gracilentus (Smith, 1945). Cobitidae. Distribution: Nâm Rôm and Nâm Núa river systems, Dien Bien, Vietnam (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus gracilis (Fowler, 1934) - gracile aperiotus loach (author) [=Acathopsoides gracilis Fowler [H. W.], 1934:103, Fig. 55] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai [Chiang Mai], Chao Phraya River basin, Mekong basin, northern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus gracilis (Fowler, 1934). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus hapalias (Siebert, 1991) - Phimai aperioptus loach (author) [=Acathopsoides hapalias Siebert [D. J.], 1991:106, Fig. 7] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Lam Nam Mun, 2 kilometers downstream from Phimai, 15°14'N, 102°31'E, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Mekong River basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus hapalias (Siebert, 1991). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus molobrion (Siebert, 1991) - Bo River aperioptus loach (author) [=Acathopsoides molobrion Siebert [D. J.], 1991:107, Fig. 8] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Bo River [= Sungai Boh], Mahakam River basin, Kalimantan Tiimur, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 - pictorius loach (author) [=Aperioptus pictorius Richardson [J.], 1848:27, Pl. 10 (figs. 4-5)] Notes: [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Samarang; ref. 3744] Borneo. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848. Cobitidae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Aperioptus robertsi (Siebert, 1991) - Empangau aperioptus loach (author) [=Acanthopsoides robertsi Siebert [D. J.], 1991:109, Fig. 10] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 20084] Small oxbow off Kapuas River opposite Empangau, 0°44'N, 112°23'E, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Aperioptus robertsi (Siebert, 1991). Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia and ? Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007 - loaches [=Bibarba Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2007:103] Notes: [ref. 29350]. Fem. Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007. Type by original designation (also by monotypy and tautonymy). •Valid as Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007 -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32910]). Current status: Valid as Bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007. Cobitidae.

Species Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007 - two barbed loach (author) (no image available) [=Bibarba bibarba Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2007:105, Figs. 3A-B, 4A-C, 5B, 6A-B, 7A-B] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 246 (no. 2); ref. 29350] Chengjiang River, a tributary of Hongshuihe River, in upper reaches of the Pearl River, Du'an County, 23°55-56'N, 108°06'E, Guangxi Province, southern China. Current status: Valid as Bibarba bibarba Chen & Chen, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Chengjiang River, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Bibarba parvoculus Wu et al., 2015 - Luocheng bibarba (author) [=Bibarba parvoculus Wu [T.-J.], Yang [J.] & Xiu [L.-H.], 2015:139, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Zootaxa 3905 (no. 1); ref. 33638] Cave, Jicheng village, Tianhe Town, Luocheng County, Guangxi, China, 24°47'55.65"N, 108°44'40.27"E, elevation 232 meters. Current status: Valid as Bibarba parvoculus Wu, Yang & Xiu, 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Luocheng County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Canthophrys Swainson, 1838 - moose-faced loaches [=Canthophrys Swainson [W.], 1838:364, Somileptus (subgenus of Canthophrys) Swainson [W.], 1839:(190) 311] Notes: [ref. 4302]. Fem. Canthophrys albescens Swainson, 1839 (= Cobitis cucura Hamilton, 1822). Type by subsequent designation. Appeared first without species (1838:364); species added by Swainson 1839:190 and 310 [ref. 4303]. Type designated by Swain 1882:282 [ref. 5966]. •Valid as Canthophrys Swainson, 1838 -- (Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Canthophrys Swainson, 1838. Cobitidae. (Somileptus) [ref. 4303]. Masc. Cobitis gongota Hamilton, 1822. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:3 [ref. 4859] as S. gongota Hamilton, 1822 (for which S. bispinosa Swainson is an unneeded substitute). Swainson spelled the name as Somileptus on pp. 190 and 443. First reviser is Nalbant 1963:364 who selected Somileptus. See Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861]. •Valid as Somileptes Swainson, 1839 -- (Nalbant 1963:364 [ref. 3140], Jayaram 1981:179 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:200 [ref. 14111], Rahman 1989:152 [ref. 24860] with author as Bleeker 1863). •Valid as Somileptus Swainson, 1839 -- (Menon 1992:98 [ref. 23970], Nalbant 1994:375 [ref. 22051], Ataur Rahman 2003:172 [ref. 31338]). •Synonym of Canthophrys Swainson, 1838 -- (Kottelat 1998:118 [ref. 25861], Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys Swainson, 1838. Cobitidae.

Species Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822) - moose-faced loach, Gongota loach [=Cobitis gongota Hamilton [F.], 1822:351, 394, Canthophrys albescens Swainson [W.], 1839:310, Cobitis amnicola Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:68, Canthophrys (Somileptes) bispinosa Swainson [W.], 1839:311, Cobitis cucura Hamilton [F.], 1822:352, 394, Cobitis oculata McClelland [J.], 1839:303, 433, Pl. 51 (fig. 1)] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Northern Bengal. Current status: Valid as Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater. (albescens) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (amnicola) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (bispinosa) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (cucura) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Kosi River, India. Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (oculata) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam and northern Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Canthophrys gongota (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 - spined loaches [=Cobitis Linnaeus [C.], 1758:303, Acanestrinia (subgenus of Cobitis) Bǎcescu [M. C.], 1962:435, Acanthopsis Agassiz [L.], 1832:134, Acantophthalmus van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:132, Beyshehiria (subgenus of Cobitis) Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1999:20, Bicanestrinia (subgenus of Cobitis) Bǎcescu [M. C.], 1962:436, Choia Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1997:192, Cobitinula Hankó [B.], 1924:152, Iberocobitis (subgenus of Cobitis) Bǎcescu [M. C.], 1962:438, Iksookimia Nalbant [T. T.], 1993:101, Kichulchoia Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1999:374, Niwaella Nalbant [T. T.], 1963:362] ] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Fem. Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758. Type designated by the ICZN (Opinion 1500); see also Opinion 2695. Cobites Swainson, 1839:190, 310 [ref. 4303] is a misspelling. •Valid as Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Chen 1981:23 [ref. 8242], Sawad 1982:199 [ref. 14111], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kim 1986:945 [ref. 6327], Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:426 [ref. 9105], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:253 [ref. 23876], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:301 [ref. 23723], Doadrio & Perdices 1997:51 [ref. 22679], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Erk'akan et al 1999:14 [ref. 25143], Kim et al. 1999:373 [ref. 25348], Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:104 [ref. 28183], Kitagawa et al. 2005:111 [ref. 28306], Doadrio & Perdices 2005:484 [ref. 28419], Janko et al. 2005:405 [ref. 28442], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006:S15 [ref. 28976], Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:300 [ref. 29996], Prokofiev 2007:111 [ref. 29368], Chen & Chen 2007:103 [ref. 29350], Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008:1 [ref. 29549], Erk'akan et al. 2008:112 [ref. 29860], Ngô 2008:66 [ref. 29980], Kim 2009:8 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Bohlen & Harant 2011:295 [ref. 31186], Chen & Chen 2011:149 [ref. 31435], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:925 [ref. 31700], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Nakajima 2012:103 [ref. 32326], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989], Buj et al. 2014:1 [ref. 33367]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Acanestrinia) [ref. 6454]. Fem. Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Acanthopsis) [ref. 5111]. Fem. Acanthopsis angustus Agassiz, 1835. Type by subsequent monotypy. See discussion of type species as given by Kottelat 1987:372-373 [ref. 5962]. Type by subsequent monotypy, established in Agassiz 1835:Pl. 50 [ref. 13390]. Type not Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 as given by Jordan 1919:180 [ref. 2410]. Possibly not a cobitid based on change of type to a fossil species (see Kottelat 1987:372 [ref. 5962]). •Valid as Acanthopsis Agassiz, 1832 -- (Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (some authors). •Questionally as a synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Acantophthalmus) [ref. 5963]. Masc. Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. Spelled Acantophthalmus in 1823, Acanthophthalmus in French version (= van Hasselt 1824:377 [ref. 5104]); the spelling Acantophthalmus was placed on the Official Index in Opinion 1500. Type by monotypy, 3 more included species not available (see Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). •Objective synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 by action of ICZN (Opinion 1500), but see Burridge 1992:175 [ref. 19452]. •Treated as valid as Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823 with type as A. fasciatus -- (Jayaram 1981:179 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:202 [ref. 14111], Roberts 1989:95 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:152 [ref. 24860], and Burridge 1992:175 [ref. 19452] as Acantophthalmus). •Opinion 1695 did not support the view of Burridge et al. (Case 2738) and did not change the type species, and it resulted in placement of Acanthophthalmus on the Official Index. •Treated as valid as Acantophthalmus but dating to Bleeker 1859 -- (Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Beyshehiria) [ref. 25143]. Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758, but presumed valid as subgenus Beyshehiria as described. •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Bicanestrinia) [ref. 6454]. Fem. Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758, but a valid subgenus Bicanestrinia as described -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Erk'akan et al 1999:20 [ref. 25143], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:925 [ref. 31700], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Choia) [ref. 24117]. Niwaella brevifasciata Kim & Lee, 1995. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Choia Walcott, 1920 in Porifera, replaced by Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999. Spelled Khichulchoia on p. 374. •Synonym of Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999 -- (Kim 2009:16 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Cobitinula) [ref. 2035]. Fem. Cobitinula anatoliae Hankó, 1924. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Chen 1981:23 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Iberocobitis) [ref. 6454]. Fem. Acanthopsis taenia paludica de Buen, 1930. Type by original designation. The subspecies (forma) is elevated to species for purposes of the type species. Type species given as paludicola, which is an unjustified emendation of paludica. •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758, but a valid subgenus Iberocobitis as described -- (Doadrio & Perdices 1997:59 [ref. 22679]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Iksookimia) [ref. 21345]. Fem. Cobitis koreensis Kim, 1975. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Iksookimia Nalbant, 1993 -- (Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Kim & Park 1997:249 [ref. 23149], Kim 2009:12 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Kichulchoia) [ref. 25348]. Niwaella brevifasciata Kim & Lee, 1995. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Choia Kim, Park & Nalbant, preoccupied by Choia Walcott, 1920 in Porifera. •Valid as Kichulchoia Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999 – (Kim 2009:16 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. (Niwaella) [ref. 3140]. Fem. Cobitis delicata Niwa, 1937. Type by original designation. Published as Niwaëlla. •Valid as Niwaella Nalbant, 1963 -- (Sawada & Kim 1977 [ref. 6985], Sawada 1982:200 [ref. 14111], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Kim & Lee 1995 [ref. 22178], Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Chen & Chen 2005:1643 [ref. 28174], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae.

Species Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012 - Caspian Sea spined loach (author) [=Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 2012:200, Figs. 2, 3, 4a, 5] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 31976] Caspian Sea near Port Il'icha between old bed of the Kumbashi River and state farm. Current status: Valid as Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin, Azerbaijan and brackish waters of the northeastern Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Arachthos spined loach (author) (no image available - author) [=Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1996:313, Fig. 12a-f] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Arachthos death branch near Akropotamia village, Epirus, Greece. Current status: Valid as Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant, 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis arenae (Lin, 1934) - Western Lake spined loach (author) [=Misgurnus arenae Lin [S.-Y.], 1934:227, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 12420] Western Lake, Hwei-yang District, Kwangtung, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis arenae (Lin, 1934). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis australis Chen et al., 2013 - Yougjiang spined loach (author) (no image available - author) [=Cobitis australis Chen [Y.-X.], Chen [C.-Y.] & He [D.-K.], 2013:382, Figs. 3-8] Notes: [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 32679] Yougjiang, tributary of Pearl River in Nanning City in Guangxim southern China, 22°79'N, 108°33'E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis australis Chen, Chen & He, 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tributary to Pearl River, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabat et al., 2015 - Zagros spined loach [=Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Geiger [A. F.] & Freyhof [J.], 2015:562, Figs. 3-7] Notes: [Zootaxa 3914 (no. 5); ref. 33668] Hamedan Province, Gamasiab River at Dehno, a tributary to Karkheh, 34°10'15"N, 48°21'19"E, Iran, altitude 1610 meters. Current status: Valid as Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tigris River drainage, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis baishagensis Chen et al., 2015 - Nandujiang spined loach (author) [=Cobitis baishagensis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2015:1] Notes; [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology; ref. 34014] Nandujiang River, Hainan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis baishagensis Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen, 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nandujiang River, Hainan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis battalgili Bacescu, 1962 - Turkish spined loach (author) (no image available - author) [=Cobitis battalgili Băcescu [M. C.], 1962:437 [3], Fig. 1b] Notes: [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [1961]; ref. 6454] Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis battalgili Băcescu, 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1865 - Italian spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia var. bilineata Canestrini [G.], 1865:305, Cobitis taenia var. puta Cantoni [E.], 1882:362, Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Cobitis taenia var. septa Cantoni [E.], 1882:363, Pl. 1 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia. v. 3 (fasc. 2); ref. 20858] Modenese and Treviso, Italy. Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1865. Cobitidae. Distribution: Adriatic rivers of Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland; France and to Croatia. Habitat: freshwater. (puta) [Rendiconati, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Torina and Vercellese, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (septa) [Rendiconati, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Italy. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini, 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942 - Great Beysehir spined loach [=Cobitis bilseli Battalgil [F.], 1942:292, Fig. 4] Notes: [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Beysehir Lake, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilseli Battalgil, 1942. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 - Japanese striped loach [=Cobitis biwae Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:748, Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:222, Pl. 103 (figs. 3-3a), Cobitis schlegeli Bleeker [P.], 1863:41] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (japonica) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (schlegeli) [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 400] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder, 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee, 1995) - Koup spined loach (author) [=Niwaella brevifasciata Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [W.-O.], 1995:285, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (nos 3/4); ref. 22178] Koûp stream, Yamag-ri, Pungyang-myon, Kohûng-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea, 34°34'06"N, 127°14'46"E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee, 1995). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: southern Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis calderoni Bacescu, 1962 - lamprehuela [=Cobitis calderoni Băcescu [M. C.], 1962:440, Figs. 3A-C; Pls. 1(2-3), 2 (6-8)] Notes: [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [1961]; ref. 6454] Río Arlanzón, tributary of Río Duero (Atlantic basin), at Cardena-Jimeno and "La Gravera", Spain. Current status: Valid as Cobitis calderoni Băcescu, 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984 - Choi's spiny loach [=Cobitis choii Kim [I.-S.] & Son [Y.-M.], 1984:50, Fig. 1] Notes: [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 17435] Miheo-cheon stream, tributary of the Geum River at Yeocheon-ri, Ochang-myon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbug-do Province, Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis choii Kim & Son, 1984. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China to Korean Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen, 2013 - fat-tailed loach (author) [=Cobitis crassicauda Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2013:88, Figs. 3A, 3C, 4] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage 28°12′N, 116°49′E, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen, 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lower reaches of the River Xinjiang, a tributary of Lake Poyang, belonging to the River Yangtze system, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis dalmatina Karaman, 1928 - Dalmatia loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia dalmatina Karaman [S.], 1928:163] Notes: [Glasnik Skopskog Naucnog Drustva [Bulletin de la Société scientific de Skoplje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Cetina River, Dalmatia, Croatia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis dalmatina Karaman, 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Cetina River drainage, Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis damlae Erkakan & Ozdemir, 2014 - damlae loach (author) [=Cobitis damlae Erkakan [F.] & Özdemir [F.], 2014:275, Figs. 1, 3-4, 8] Notes: [Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 42 (no. 2); ref. 33489] Dalaman Stream, Gölhisar province, 37°08'55.66"N, 29°39'42.57"E, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis damlae Erkakan & Özdemir, 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Dalaman Stream, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis delicata Niwa, 1937 - Ajime loach [=Cobitis delicata Niwa [H.], 1937:72, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 15293] Agi River, branch stream of Kiso River, central Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis delicata Niwa, 1937. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918 - Futsing loach (author) [=Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols [J. T.] 1918:16] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 31; ref. 3171] Futsing, Fukien Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols, 1918. Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988 - Elazig loach (author) [=Cobitis elazigensis Coad [B. W.] & Sarieyyüpoglu [M.], 1988:426, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 9105] Creek at Cip, drainage of Murat Nehri, tributary of Euphrates River, Elazig Province, Turkey, 38°42'N, 39°05'E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988. Cobitidae. Distribution: Western Asia: Euphrates and Tigris river systems. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1857 - Balkan loach [=Cobitis elongata Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.], 1857:305, Fig. 164] Notes: [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Sala River near Idria, Carniola, Slovinia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner, 1857. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe: Danube River drainage. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis elongatoides Bacescu & Maier, 1969 - Argesel loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia elongatoides Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.], 1969:60 [39], Cobitis taenia danubialis Nalbant [T. T.] (ex Bacescu), 1993:109, Fig. 29-33] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 7715] Argesel River, Danube River basin, Romania. Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe and northern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (danubialis) [Revue Roumaine de Biologie Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Mures River at Sarmas, Harghita, Transilvania, Romania. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis evreni Erkakan et al., 2008 - Komur spined loach (author) [=Cobitis evreni Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2008:112, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29860] Kömür Stream - Göksun-Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 38°00'52.24"N, 36°30'31.11"E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Kömür Stream, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis fahirae Erkakan et al., 1998 - Kucuk loach (author) [=Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:10, Figs. 2 A-E] Notes: [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Küçük Menderes River, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2011 - Siahrud spined loach (author) [=Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vatandoust [S.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 2011:928, Figs. 2-4, Cobitis keyvani Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Yerli [S. V.], Vatandoust [S.], Özeren [S. C.] & Moradkhani [Z.], 2012:8, Fig. 3-5] ] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 10); ref. 31700] Siahrud River, Mazandaran region, 36°26'85.05"N, 52°56'70.08"E, northern Iran, elevation 83 meters. Current status: Valid as Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Siahrud River, northern Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (keyvani) [Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 12; ref. 31808] Keselian stream, Talar River, southeast of the Caspian Sea basin, Mazandarann Province, Iran, 36°11'74.09"N, 53°00'92.01"E, elevation 473 meters. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen, 2013 - Poyang loach (author) [=Cobitis fasciola Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2013:85, Figs. 2, 3A, 3C.] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°12′N, 116°49'W, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen, 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lower reaches of the River Xinjiang and the River Le’anjiang, tributaries of Lake Poyang, in the Yangtsze system, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen, 2016 - gracile Yalu cobitis loach (author) [=Cobitis gracilis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2016:381, Figs. 3-12] Notes: [Zoological Systematics v. 41 (no. 4); ref. 34890] Yalu River, Linjiang, Jilin, China, 41°81'N, 126°92'E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen, 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ussuri and Yalu rivers, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis granoei Rendahl, 1935 - Siberian spiny loach [=Cobitis taenia granoei Rendahl [H.], 1935:332, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10; ref. 15674] Irtysh River near Omsk, western Siberia, Russia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis granoei Rendahl, 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cobitis guttatus (Nguyen, 2005) - Mu Creek spined loach [=Acantopsis guttatus Nguyen [V. H.], 2005:557, Fig. 7] Notes: [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Mu Creek, Tân Thành, Bac Quang, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Cobitis guttatus (Nguyen, 2005). Cobitidae Distribution: Lô River, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis hankugensis Kim et al., 2003 - Dojeon-ri spined loach (author) [=Cobitis hankugensis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.], Son [Y.-M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2003:2, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 26956] Dojeon-ri, Sengbirryang-myeon, San-chong-gun, Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant, 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Greek spined loach (author) [=Cobitis hellenica Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1996:311, Figs. 10 (a-f), 12 (g-i)] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Louros catchment at Barbanakos spring near village of Stephani, Epirus, Greece. Current status: Valid as Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant, 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Western Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis hereromacula Chen et al., 2015 - Louhe spined loach (author) [=Cobitis hereromacula Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2015:1] Notes: [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology; ref. 34014] Louhe River, Guangdong Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis hereromacula Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen, 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Louhe River, Guangdong Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Sanda, in Buj et al., 2014 - Listica loach (author) [=Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj [I.] & Ŝanda [R.], in Buj, Ŝanda, Marčič, C'aleta & Mrakočič, 2014:20, 9] Notes: [PLoS ONE v. 9 (no. 6) (art. e99833); ref. 33367] Listica River in the Mostarsko blato karstic field, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 43°22'41.30"N, 17°19'98.30'E, elevation 227 meters. Current status: Valid as Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Ŝanda, 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Listica River, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant, 1993) - Yung San River spined loach (author) [=Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant [T. T.], 1993:106, Figs. 1, 6, 11, 12] Notes: [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Yung San River, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant, 1993). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007 - Croatian loach (author) [=Cobitis illyrica Freyhof [J.] & Stelbrink [B.], 2007:270, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29344] Small lake south of Lake Prolozak, 48°28'13"N, 17°07'20"E, Imotsko polje, Croatia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovcic, in Mustafic et al., 2008 - Jadova loach (author) [=Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic [P.] & Mrakovcic [M.], in Mustafic et al., 2008:5, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 57 (nos 1-2); ref. 29642] Small rufuge pond remaining after drying out of Jadova River, 44°30'14.6"N, 15°32'42.5"E, Croatia, elevation 582 meters. Current status: Valid as Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovcic, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Jadova River, Croatia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima, 2012 - Mitsuru spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima [J.], 2012:116, Fig. 3B, 5C, 6D, 7A & B] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Mitsuru River, Chikugo River system, Ukiha, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis kellei Erk'akan et al., 1998 - Goksu spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis kellei Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:10, Figs. 1 A-E] Notes: [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Göksu stream, Tigris catchment, Cinar, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis koreensis Kim, 1975 - Korean loach [=Cobitis koreensis Kim [I.-S.], 1975:51, Fig. 1] Notes: [Korean Journal of Limnology v. 8 (no. 3-4); ref. 7258] Jojong River, tributary of the Han River, at Sang-myon, Gapyong-gun, Gyong gi-do, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis koreensis Kim, 1975. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878) - Laotian spiny loach (author) [=Misgurnus laoensis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:241 [9], Cobitis phongnhaensis Ngô [S. V.], 2008:3 [?68], Fig. 3] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3879] Laos [possible Vietrnam]. Current status: Valid as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (phongnhaensis) [Science and Technical Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development No. 122, 8 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N, 106°15'E. Current status: Synomym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage, 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng, 1984 - Yongjiang River spined loach (author) [=Cobitis laterimaculata Yan [J.-P.] & Zheng [M.-L.], 1984:82 [84], Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 30 (no. 1); ref. 8194] Yongjiang River at Xikou, Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng, 1984). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985 - Lebedev's loach (author) [=Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 1985:464, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 17282] Amur River near Elabuge, Russia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis lebedevi Valil'eva & Valis'ev, 1985. Cobitidae. Distribution: Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992 - Orontes spined loach [=Cobitis levantina Krupp [F.] & Moubayed [J.], 1992:14, Figs. 1-8] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 72 (nos 1/3) [1991]; ref. 20052] Outflow of Buhairat Hims near Qattina, 34°40'N, 36°37'E, Syria. Current status: Valid as Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed, 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Orentes River system: Syria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1847) - Persepolis spined loach (author) [=Acanthopsis linea Heckel [J. J.], 1847:267] Notes: [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Creeks at Persepolis, Iran. Current status: Valid as Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1847). Cobitidae. Distribution: Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen, 2005) - longspined cobitis loach (author) [=Niwaella longibarba Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.], 2005:1647, Figs. 1D, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5] Notes: [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Cao'ejiang River, Huangzezhen, 29°36.3'N, 120°54.5'E, Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen, 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis longicorpus Kim et al., 1976 - Seomjin River spined loach (author) [=Cobitis longicorpus Kim [I.-S.], Choi [K.-C.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1976:172, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 7345] Tributary of the Seomjin River at Bogheung Myon, Sunchang Gun, Jeonrabug Do, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant, 1976. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935 - sand spine loach [=Cobitis taenia lutheri Rendahl [H.], 1935:330, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10; ref. 15674] Lake Khanka [Chanka] basin, Ussuri cachement, Amur System, North Asia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: China, Russia, western Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 - Yangtze spined loach (author) [=Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 4)] Notes: [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae. Distribution: Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima, 2012 - Biwa spined loach (author) [=Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima [J.], 2012:118, Fig. 3E, 5E, 6E, and 7 C and D] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Adogawa, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929 - Moroccan spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia var. maroccana Pellegrin [J.], 1929:524, Fig.] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54; ref. 15942] Morocco. Current status: Valid as Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin, 1929. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and northern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis matsubarai Okada & Ikeda, 1939 - Matsubara's spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia matsubarae Okada [Y.] & Ikeda [H.], 1939:91 et seq.] Notes: [Sci. Rept. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. B. v. 4 (no. 69); ref. 22727] Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis matsubarai Okada & Ikeda, 1939. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis megaspila Nalbant, 1993 - Danube spined cobitis loach (author) [=Cobitis megaspila Nalbant [T. T.], 1993:108, Figs. 24-28] Notes: [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Danube River delta at Caraorman, Romania. Current status: Valid as Cobitis megaspila Nalbant, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lower Danube basin, Ronania. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925 - Chin-ssu spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia melanoleuca Nichols [J. T.], 1925:3, Cobitis melanoleuca gladkovi Vasil'ev [V. P.] & Vasil'eva [E. D.], 2008:9, Fig. 9, Cobitis taenia granoei Rendahl [H.], 1935:332, Figs. 5-6, Cobitis granoei olivai Nalbant [T. T.], Holcík [J.] & Pivnicka [K.], 1970:121, Figs. 1-6, Cobitis taenia sibirica Gladkov [N. A.], 1935:73] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 170; ref. 15551] Chin-ssu, Shansi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: China, Korea Peninsula, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater. (gladkovi) [Journal of Ichthyology v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 29549] Severskii Donets River basin of the Don River, near the village of Starodubovka, Staraya Stanitsa, Siberia, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Basins of the Volga, Don, Kuban and Eya rivers and brackish bays of the northern Caspian Sea (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish (granoei) [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10; ref. 15674] Irtysh River near Omsk, western Siberia, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Russia and China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (olivai) [Věstnik Československé společnosti zoologické v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 7767] Ögijn Lake, Narijn River, upper right tributary of Orkhon River basin of Selenga River, Archangaj, Mongolia. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Widespread in Asia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (sibirica) [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lake Turgoïak [Turgoyak], southern Urals, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lake Turgoyak, Russia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis meridionalis Karaman, 1924 - Prespa spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia var. meridionalis Karaman [S.], 1924:75] Notes: [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Lake Prespa and its small tributaries, Republic of Macedonia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis meridionalis Karaman, 1924. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lakes Prespa, Greece, Macedonia and Albania. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011 - Nanliu spined loach (author) [=Cobitis microcephala Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2011:147, Figs. 3A-E, 4B] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen, 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanliu and Beiliu River drainages, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012 - Minamori's spined loach (author) [=Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.], 2012:119, Figs. 3E, 5F, 6F, 7A and B, Cobitis minamorii oumiensis Nakajima [J.], 2012:121, Figs. 3G, 5G, 6G. 8C and D, Cobitis minamorii saninensis Nakajima [J.], 2012:124, Figs. 3I, 5I, 6I, 8G and H, Cobitis minamorii tokaiensis Nakajima [J.], 2012:123, Figs. 3H, 5H, 6H, 8E and Ff, Cobitis minamorii yodoensis Nakajima [J.], 2012:126, 3J, 5J, 6J] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kagato River, Yoshii River system, Setouchi, Okayama Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (oumiensis) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Takashima, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater. (saninensis) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Hii River system, Izumo, Shimane Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater. (tokaiensis) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Kumozu River system, Tsu, Mie Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater. (yodoensis) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Yodo River, Asahi-ku, Osaka Pref., Honshu, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater

Species Cobitis minhi Ngo, 2008 - Binh loach (author) [=Cobitis minhi Ngô [S. V.], 2008:3, Fig. 3] Notes: [Science and Technical Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development No. 122, 8 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Current status: Valid as Cobitis minhi Ngô, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Quang Binh province. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya & Mori, 1929 - Japanese spinous loach [=Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya [Y.] & Mori [T.], 1929:1, Pl. 2 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 9; ref. 12418] Rakuto River, Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori, 1929). Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011 - Bobai loach (author) [=Cobitis multimaculata Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2011:145, Figs. 2A-E, 4A] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen, 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanliu River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva et al., 2016 - Nalbant's spined loach (author) [=Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva [E. D.], Kim [D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Ko [M.-H.] & Won [Y.-J.], 2016:586, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 4208 (no. 6); ref. 34979] Cheongmi River, Chonggok-ri, Yulmyeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do (Han River drainage), South Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva, Kim, Vasil'ev, Ko & Won, 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928 - Neretva River loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia narentana Karaman [S.], 1928:163] Notes: [Glasnik Skopskog Naucnog Drustva [Bulletin de la Société scientific de Skoplje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Neretva River, Dalmatia (Croatia and Bosnia). Current status: Valid as Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis ohridana Karaman, 1928 - Ohrid spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia ohridana Karaman [S.], 1928:162] Notes: [Glasnik Skopskog Naucnog Drustva [Bulletin de la Société scientific de Skoplje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Lake Ohrid, southern Yugoslavia/eastern Albania. Current status: Valid as Cobitis ohridana Karaman, 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis pacifica Kim et al., 1999 - Pacific cobitis loach (author) [=Cobitis pacifica Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1999:380, Fig. 12 A-E] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Yonkokhon stream about 2 kilometers upstream to confluence with eastern Japan Sea, Shingwhang-ri, Yonkok-myon, Kangreung-shi, Kangwon-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930) - Talayuela spined loach (author) [=Acanthopsis taenia forma paludica de Buen [F.], 1930:34, Fig. 48, Cobitis taenia paludicola Berg [L. S.], 1932:155, Cobitis taenia haasi Klausewitz [W.], 1955:42, Fig. 2] Notes: [Notas y résumenes, Instituto Español de Oceanografia; Ministerio de Marin. Madrid (Ser. 2) No. 46; ref. 17375] Fuente del Roble, Talayuela, Cáceres, Spain. Current status: Valid as Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930). Cobitidae. Distribution: Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater. (paludicola) [Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 21141] Current status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930). Cobitidae. (haasi) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 36 (nos 1/2); ref. 12204] Albufera, near Valencia, Spain. Current Status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 - Phrygic loach (author) [=Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi [F.], 1944:300, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 13159] Vilâyet Afyonkarahisar, Aci göl, western central Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006 - Pontic loach (author) [=Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 2006:S17, Fig.] Notes: [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46 (suppl. 1); ref. 28976] Veleka River, Bulgaria. Current status: Valid as Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Bulgaria and Turkey (Anatolia). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee, 1987 - Puan-gun spined loach (author) [=Cobitis koreensis pumilus Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [Y.-J.], 1987:58, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 17685] Paikchon stream at Sangso-myon, Puan-gun, Chollabuk-do, South Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee, 1987. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan et al., 1998 - Manyas Lake spined loach (author) [=Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:12, Figs. 4 A-E] Notes: [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Karaderetream, at the outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 - Drama spined loach (author) [=Cobitis punctilineata Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1996:314, Fig. 11, 12 (j-l)] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] Strymon-Aggitis catchment, channels near the Kalambaki village, Drama, Macedonia, Greece. Current status: Valid as Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant, 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis rara Chen, 1981 - rara spined loach (author) [=Cobitis rarus Chen [J.-X.], 1981:24 [English p. 32], Fig. 1] Notes: [Transactions of the Chinese Ichthyological Society No. 1; ref. 8242] Lüeyang and Fengxian, Shanxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis rara Chen, 1981. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shanxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998 - Biala spined loach (author) [=Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) rhodopensis Vassilev [M.], 1998:280, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Spixiana (München) v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 24118] Biala River, downstream from Meden buk village, Bulgaria. Current status: Valid as Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Bulgaria, Agean Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa, 2015 - Oyodo River spined loach (author) [=Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima [J.] & Suzawa [Y.], 2015] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 33854] Oyodo River system, southern Kyushu, Japan. Holotype. Current status: Valid as Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa, 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Oyodo River system, southern Kyushu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis saniae Eagderi et al., 2017 - Bara Goor River spined loach (author) [=Cobitis saniae Eagderi [S.], Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Jalili [P.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Esmaeili [H. R.], 2017:51, Figs. 2-9, 11b, 12c, 13] Notes: [FishTaxa v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 35199] Bara Goor River a tributary of Sefid River, near Emamzadeh Hashem, Caspian Sea basin, Guilan province, Iran, 37°00'11"N, 49°37'49"E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Between Sefid and Aras Rivers, southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935 - Kintrich spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia satunini Gladkov [N. A.], 1935:73] Notes: [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lower stream of the Kintrich River, Kobuleti, eastern Black Sea basin, Georgia, Eurasia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Georgia, Eurasia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006 - Siberian spiny loach [=Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa [Y.], 2006:316, Figs. 1-2, 4A-C, 5A, 6A.] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 53 (no. 4); ref. 29236] Hinoji River, 33°19'N, 133°03'E, Shimanto River basin, Morigauchi, Shimanto Town, Takaoka County, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa, 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shikoku Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925 - Porsuk spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis simplicispina Hankó [B.], 1925:153, Fig. 4; Pl. 3 (fig. 7)] Notes: [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eminekin village, Porsuk River basin, Sakarya River system, Eskisehir, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis simplicispina Hankó, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874 - Szechwan spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis sinensis Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:16] Notes: [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Creeks in western Szechwan, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874. Cobitidae. Distribution: Habitat:

Species Cobitis splendens Erk'akan et al., 1998 - Black Sea spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis splendens Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:11, Figs. 3 A-E] Notes: [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Small stream tributary to the Black Sea, about 200 meters from sea border, 16 kilometers east of Akçakoca, and about 30 kilometers southwest of Eregli (Black Sea), Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Black Sea coastal watersheds, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis squataeniatus Ngo, 2008 - Ngo's spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis squataeniatus Ngô [S. V.], 2008:2 [?67], Fig. 2] Notes: [Science and Technical Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development No. 122, 8 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Current status: Valid as Cobitis squataeniatus Ngô, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen, 2013 - Xinjiang loach (author) [=Cobitis stenocauda Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.], 2013:90, Figs. 3a, 3b, 5] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Guixi County, the River Xinjiang, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°24′N, 117°19′E, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen, 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Upper and lower portions of the River Xinjiang, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1992 - Karla spiny loach (author) [=Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis [P. S.], 1992:49, 60] Notes: [The red data book of threatened vertebrates of Greece; ref. 23021] Lake Karla catchment and Kefalovrissos spring in village of Velestino, Thessaly, Greece. Current status: Valid as Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis, 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936 - Japanese striped loach [=Cobitis taenia striata Ikeda [H.], 1936:991, Cobitis striata fuchigamii Nakajima [J.], 2012:113, Figs. 3B, 4c, D, 5B, 6B, Cobitis striata hakataensis Nakajima [J.], 2012:115, Figs. 3C, 4E, F, 5C, 6V] Notes: [English p. 984], Figs. 10 (2), 11 (4) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 48 (no. 12); ref. 13705] Chikugo River, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (fuchigamii) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kakenouma River, Onga River system, Iizuka, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. (hakataensis) [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Tatara River, Kasuya, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda, 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 - Strumica loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia strumicae Karaman [S. L.], 1955:190, fig. 4, Cobitis peschevi Sivkov [Y. S.] & Dobrovolov [I. S.], 1984:1673, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Monospitovo swamp and Strumica River, Yugoslavia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Aegean and Black Sea basins: Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (peschevi) [Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences v. 37 (no. 12); ref. 8213] Eleshnitsa River, Bulgaria, elevation 60 meters. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Black Sea watershed, Bulgaria. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 - spined loach [=Cobitis taenia Linnaeus [C.], 1758:303, Cobitis spilura Holandre [J.], 1837:253, Cobitis taenioides Bacescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.], 1969:52 [39]] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Current status: Valid as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and northwestern Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (spilura) [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] Belgium and France (several localities). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (taenioides) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 7715] Western Europe and Danube basin. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970 - Japanese spined loach [=Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno [N.], 1970:133, Figs. 1 (a-c), 2, 3 (a-c), 4 (a-c), 8A] Notes: [Memoirs of the Ehime University. Section 2, Natural science. Series B, Biology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 22714] Kabatani-gawa River (tributary of Takatsu-gawa River) at Kurobuchi in Kakinoki-mura village, Kanoashi-gun District, Shimane-ken Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno, 1970. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis takenoi Nakajima, 2016 - Tango spined loach (author) [=Cobitis takenoi Nakajima [J.], 2016:122, Figs. 3-5] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 568; ref. 34247] Small river in Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Current status: Valid as Cobitis takenoi Nakajima, 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis tanaitica Bacescu & Mayer, 1969 - Don spined loach [=Cobitis taenia tanaitica Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.], 1969:52, Figs. 1, 2B, 3A, 4C, 5A-C, Cobitis rossomeridionalis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 1998:607, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 7715] Don River below Rostov, Ukraine. Current status: Valid as Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer, 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Black Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater. (rossomeridionalis) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 38 (no. 5); ref. 24120] River Don near Rogozhkino, Rostovskaya Obl., Russia. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer, 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Basins of the Kuban, Don, Kalka, Obitochnaya, Dnieper, South Bug and Dniester rivers, Russia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva et al., in Janko et al., 2005 - Chernaya spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Janko, Ráb [P.] & Rábová [M.], in Janko et al., 2005:417, Fig. 4a] Notes: [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 54 (no. 4); ref. 28442] Chernaya [Salgir] River, Crimean Peninsula, Urkraine. Current status: Valid as Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Chernaya River, Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine; possibly more widely distributed in the Black Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis tetralineata Kim et al., 1999 - four-lined spined loach (author) [=Cobitis tetralineata Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1999:379, Figs. 10 (A-E)] Notes: [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Somjin River, Guraegu, Gurae-gun, Deonranam-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: southern Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis, 1974 - Trichonis spined loach (author) [=Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) trichonica Stephanidis [A.], 1974:227, Figs. 1-3.] Notes: [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 7541] Lake Trichonis, Greece. Current status: Valid as Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis, 1974. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis turcica Hanko, 1925 - Central Anatolian spined loach [=Cobitis taenia turcica Hankó [B.], 1925:154, Fig. 3; Pl. 3 (fig. 8), Cobitinula anatoliae Hankó [B.], 1925:152, Fig. 5; Pl. 3 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eregli, Turkey. Current status: Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey and Iran. Habitat: freshwater. (anatoliae) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Lake Ak-Göl, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis turcica Hankó, 1925. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928 - Vardar spined loach (author) [=Cobitis taenia vardarensis Karaman [S.], 1928:162, Cobitis vardarensis kurui Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1998:13, Fig.] Notes: [Glasnik Skopskog Naucnog Drustva [Bulletin de la Société scientific de Skoplje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Vardar River, Yugoslavia/Macedonia. Current status: Valid as Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Aegean Sea basin: Greece and Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (kurui) [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Menderes River, at Saplik bridge, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis vardarensis Karaman, 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Turkey (if valid). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 - Arrago spined loach (author) [=Cobitis vettonica Doadrio [I.] & Perdices [A.], 1997:53, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 119 (no. 1); ref. 22679] Arrago River, Cadalso de Gata, Cáceres, Tagus Basin, Spain, elevation 650 meters. Current status: Valid as Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices, 1997. Cobitidae. Distribution: Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen, 2005) - Xinjiang River spined loach (author) [=Niwaella xinjiangensis Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.], 2005:1649, Figs. 1E, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6] Notes: [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Xinjiang River, main upper stream of Boyanghu Lake, Guangfeng County, 28°26.1'N, 119°10.2'E, Jiangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen, 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis ylengensis Ngo, 2003 - Bai Dinh spined loach (author) [=Cobitis ylengensis Ngô [S. V.], 2003:18 (p.3 in separate), Fig. 2] Notes: [Tap Chi Thuy San No. 9 (9/2003); ref. 29823] Bai Dinh, Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Cobitis ylengensis Ngô, 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park, 1997) - Yongdokoship River spined loach (author) [=Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim [I.-S.] & Park [J.-Y.], 1997:250, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 23149] Yongdokoship River, Yongjeon-ri, Dalsman-myon, Yongdok-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do, Korea, 36°23'47"N, 129°15'20"E. Current status: Valid as Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park, 1997). Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli, 1965 - Volturno spined loach (author) [=Cobitis (Cobitis) taenia zanandreai Cavicchioli [G.], 1965:1152, Figs. 1, 3] Notes: [Bollettino di Zoologia v. 32 (no. 2, pt 2); ref. 7947] Volturno River at Bridge Annibale, Capua, Caserta Province, southern Italy. Current status: Valid as Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli, 1965. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He, 2005 - Ling River spined loach (author) [=Cobitis zhejiangensis Son [Y.-M.] & He [S.-P.], 2005:237, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 29190] Ling River, Xianju district, Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, China. Current status: Valid as Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He, 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ling River, Xianju district, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Koreocobitis Kim et al., 1997 - loaches [=Koreocobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1997:191] Notes: [ref. 24117]. Cobitis rotundicaudata Wakiya & Mori, 1929. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Koreocobitis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997 -- (Kim et al. 2000:89 [ref. 25039], Kim 2009:19 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Koreocobitis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 1997. Cobitidae.

Species Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 2000 - Naktong loach (author) [=Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 2000:90, Figs. 1, 2A] Notes: [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25039] Naktong River, Jugkun-ri, Inwol-myon, Nam-won-gun, Chollabuk-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Koreocobitis naktongensis Kim, Park & Nalbant, 2000. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nakdong River, Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori, 1929) - white nose loach [=Cobitis rotundicaudata Wakiya [Y.] & Mori [T.], 1929:2, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 9; ref. 12418] Youm hyon stream, tributary of South Han river, Shingok-ri, Yonsangchon-myon, Dangyang-gun, Chung-chonbuk-do, Korea. Current status: Valid as Koreocobitis rotundicaudata (Wakiya & Mori, 1929). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994 - loaches [=Kottelatlimia Nalbant [T. T.], 1994:377] Notes: [ref. 22051]. Fem. Lepidocephalichthys katik Kottelat & Lim, 1992. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994 -- (Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832], Kottelat & Tan 2008:63 [ref. 29956], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia Nalbant, 1994. Cobitidae.

Species Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008 - Kahayhan loach (author) [=Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat [M.] & Tan [H. H.], 2008:64, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a-b] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1967; ref. 29956] Backwater stream at kilometer 80 on road from Palangka Raya to Tumbang Telakian, 1°37.324'S, 113°37.569'E, Kahayan River drainage, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos Kottelat & Tan, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim, 1992) - katik loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys katik Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1992:212, Figs. 6-7] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 21291] Malaysia (no other data). Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim, 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts, 1989) - Barat loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys pristes Roberts [T. R.], 1989:105, Fig. 80] Notes: [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Swampy stream about 30 kilometers west of Sintang on road from Sanggau to Sintang, Kapuas River basin, Barat, Kalimantan, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts, 1989). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo and Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 - loaches [=Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker [P.], 1863:38, 42, Cobitichthys Bleeker [P.], 1859:304, Enobarbichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1931:107, Enobarbus Whitley [G. P.], 1928:296, Jerdonia Day [F.], 1871:700, Madrasia Nalbant [T. T.], 1963:364, Platacanthus Day [F.], 1865:296] Notes: [ref. 400]. Masc. Cobitis hasselti Valenciennes, 1846. Type by original designation. Also may date to Bleeker 1863: Pl. 103 in part 9 [ref. 4859]. Type given as Lepidocephalichthys hasseltii Bleeker (p. 42) = Cobitis hasseltii Valenciennes. Declaired a nomen protectum by Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956] over Cobitichthys Bleeker 1851. •Synonym of Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1859 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:343 [ref. 6554], Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalus, but a valid subgenus Lepidocephalichthys – (Jayaram 1981:181 [ref. 6497]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Nalbant 1963:366 [ref. 3140], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:103 [ref. 6439], Kottelat & Lim 1992 [ref. 21291], Nalbant 1994:375 [ref. 22051], Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832], Arunkumar 2000:1093 [ref. 25767], Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956] as a nomen protectum, Havird & Page 2010:137 [ref. 3073], Havird et al. 2010:1 [ref. 30908], Harant & Bohlen 2010:2443 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989], Deein et al. 2014:342 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae. (Cobitichthys) [ref. 366]. Masc. Cobitis barbatuloides Bleeker, 1851. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Cobiitichthys by Jordan 1919:279 [ref. 2410]. Declaired a nomen oblitum by Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956]. •Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Chen 1981:27 [ref. 8242]). •In the synonymy of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956] as a nomen oblitum, Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae. (Enobarbichthys) [ref. 4673]. Masc. Platacanthus maculatus Day, 1868. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded replacement for Enobarbus Whitley, 1928, not preoccupied by Aenobarbus Temminck, 1838 in Aves. •Treated as valid as Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931 -- (Jayaram 1981:178 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:200 [ref. 14111] as Enobarichthys, Menon 1992:84 [ref. 23970], Nalbant 1994:375 [ref. 22051]). •Objective synonym of Enobarbus Whitley, 1928. •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Harant & Bohlen 2010:2444 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae. (Enobarbus) [ref. 4663]. Masc. Platacanthus maculatus Day, 1868. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Jerdonia Day, 1870, apparently preoccupied by Jerdonia Blanford, 1832 in Mollusca. Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931 apparently is an unneeded replacement of Enobarbus, not preoccupied by Aenobarbus Temminck, 1838 in Aves. •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Harant & Bohlen 2010:2452 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1963. Cobitidae. (Jerdonia) [ref. 1078]. Fem. Platacanthus maculatus Day, 1868. Type by monotypy. Apparently objectively invalid; preoccupied by Jerdonia Blanford, 1862 in Mollusca; Enobarbus Whitley, 1928 (and its replacement Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931) and Madrasia Nalbant, 1963 are replacement names. •In the synonymy of Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931 -- (Menon 1992:84 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 based on placement of Platacanthus maculatus -- (Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae. (Madrasia) [ref. 3140]. Fem. Platacanthus maculatus Day, 1868. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Jerdonia Day, 1871, preoccupied by Jerdonia Blanford, 1861 in Mollusca. Madrassia is a misspelling. •Objective synonym of Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931 [but see Enobarbus] -- (Jayaram 1981:178 [ref. 6497]). •Synonym of Enobarbichthys Whitley, 1931 -- (Menon 1992:84 [ref. 23970]). •Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae. (Platacanthus) [ref. 5295]. Masc. Platacanthus agrensis Day, 1865. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Day 1865:204 [ref. 1074]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Platacanthus Fischer von Waldheim, 1850 [?1849] in fossil fishes; not replaced. •In the synonymy of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863 -- (Roberts 1989:103 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys Bleeker, 1863. Cobitidae.

Species Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010 - Hpa-Lap loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird [J. C.] & Page [L. M.], 2010:140, Fig. 4] Notes: [Copeia 2010 (no. 1); ref. 30739] Hpa-Lap stream, of Nam Chim Chaung, of Nan Kwe Chaung, northwest of Myitkyina, 25°31'36"N, 97°22'45"E, Kachin State, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys alkaia Havird & Page, 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Irrawaddy and Salween drainages, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912 - Annandale loach [=Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri [B. L.], 1912:442, Pl. 40 (figs. 3, 3a-b), Lepidocephalichthys menoni Pillai [R. S.] & Yazdani [G. M.], 1976:13, Fig. 1] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 7 (pt 5); ref. 14837] Mahananda River at Siliguri and Tista River near Jalpaiguri, India. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912. Cobitidae. Distribution: India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater. (menoni) [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 26 (no. 1-2) [for 1974]; ref. 7382] Someswari River at Baghmara, South Garo Hills District, Meghalaya State, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, 1912. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis (Datta & Barman, 1984) - Namdapha loach (author) [=Noemacheilus arunachalensis Datta [A. K.] & Barman [R. P.], 1984:275, Pl. 14] Notes: [Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India v. 6 (nos 1-3); ref. 8168] Namdapha River, Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirap District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis (Datta & Barman, 1984). Cobitidae. Distribution: Namdapha River, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860) - Burmese loach [=Acanthopis berdmorei Blyth [E.], 1860:168, Lepidocephalus guntea birmanicus Rendahl [H.], 1948:64, Figs. 30-31, Lepidocephalus cataractus Fowler [H. W.], 1939:60, Fig. 10] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Myanmar (probably Sittang River). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: India to Peninsular Malaysia and Laos. Habitat: freshwater. (birmanicus) [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Shweli River, 24 miles east of 24°N, 96°E, Sagaing Division, Myanmar. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (cataractus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis (Menon, 1992) - Araku loach (author) [=Lepidocephalus coromandelensis Menon [A. G. K.], 1992:67, Pl. 4 (f. 7), Pl. 6 (f.1); Fig 4] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries; ref. 23970] Araku valley, Andhra Pradesh, India. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis (Menon, 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort, 1933)- Bukit loach (author) [=Lepidocephalus furcatus de Beaufort [L. F.], 1933:32] Notes: [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort, 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, possibly Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 1976 - Goalpara loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai [R. S.] & Yazdani [G. M.], 1976:15, Fig. 2, Lepidocephalus caudofurcatus Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.], 1978:60, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Journal of the Zoological Society of India v. 26 (no. 1-2) [for 1974]; ref. 7382] Under a culvert, about 6 kilometers west of Dudhnai, Inspection Bunglow, Goalpara District, Assam State, India. •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 1976 -- (Arunkumar 2000:1103 [ref. 25767], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 1976. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. (caudofurcatus) [Matsya No. 3 [for 1977]; ref. 8780] Kalapani nala, Rishikesh, Dehra Dun District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis Pillai & Yazdani, 1976. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) - Guntea loach [=Cobitis guntea Hamilton [F.], 1822:353, 394, Lepidocephalus dibruensis Sen [T. K.], 1979:35, Figs. 1, 2 a., Schistura aculeata McClelland [J.], 1839:307, Pl. 53 (fig. 2), Cobitis balgara Hamilton [F.], 1822:356, 394, Misgurnus lateralis Günther [A.], 1868:346, Cobitis maya Sykes [W. H.] 1839:162, Lepidocephalichthys nepalensis Shrestha [J.], 1980:129, Fig. 63, Canthophrys olivaceus Swainson [W.], 1839:310, Cobitis phoxocheila McClelland [J.], 1839:305, 439, Pl. 52 (fig. 4), Canthophrys vittatus Swainson [W.], 1839:310] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Bengal. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater. (dibruensis) [Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 8666] Dibru River, Guijan, 60 kilometers from Dibrugarh, Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (aculeata) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Assam, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (balgara) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Kosi River, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (lateralis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (maya) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6); ref. 18720] Deccan, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (nepalensis) [Fishes of Nepal; ref. 22513] Biratnagar, Singhia River, Nepal. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (olivaceus) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Kosi River, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (phoxocheila) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Mishmee Mts., India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (vittatus) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - Hasselt's loach (author) [=Cobitis hasselti Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:74, Lepidocephalichthys nudus Machan [B.], 1931:221, Lepidocephalus taeniatus Fowler [H. W.], 1939:63, Figs. 11-12] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Tjelankakam [Tjelankahan] River, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (nudus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 68 (no. 21); ref. 16381] Kalen reservoir, near Surabaya, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (taeniatus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora, 1921 - Loktak loach [=Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora [S. L.], 1921:196, Pl. 9 (figs. 5, 5a, 5b)] Notes: [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Lakes and streams of the Manipur Valley, India. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys irrorata Hora, 1921. Cobitidae. Distribution: India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Deraniyagala, 1956) - spotted loach, Jonklaas's loach [=Lepidocephalus jonklaasi Deraniyagala [P. E. P.], 1956:34] Notes: [Part 1; ref. 21809] Shaded pools of mountain streams at Akuressa, Southern Province, Sri Lanka, elevation 500 meters. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi (Deraniyagala, 1956). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010 - Mun River loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird [J. C.] & Page [L. M.], 2010:149, Fig. 8] Notes: [Copeia 2010 (no. 1); ref. 30739] Mun River (tributary of Mekong River), marsh near University Ubon Ratchathani campus, 15°10'45.84"N, 104°45'44.76"E, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys kranos Havird & Page, 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys longipinnis (Menon, 1992) - Kharangpat Lake loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus longipinnis Menon [A. G. K.], 1992:93, Fig. 10 (a-c)] Notes: [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries; ref. 23970] Kharangpat Lake, 20 kilometers south of Imphal, Manipur, India. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys longipinnis (Menon, 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) - Lorentz's loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus lorentzi Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.], 1916:32, Fig. 12] Notes: [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Upper Kapuas River at Putussibau, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916). Cobitidae. Distribution: Upper Kapuas River, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater. Species Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth, 1860) - Sittang loach (author) [=Acanthopis micropogon Blyth [E.] 1860:168, Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis Arunkumar [L.], 2000:1097, Figs. 4-5] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim provinces, Myanmar (probably Sittang River basin). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. (manipurensis) [Journal of Fish Biology v. 57 (no.5 ); ref. 25767] Lairok maru, tributary of Lokchao River near Moreh, Chandel District, Manipur, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys micropogon (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - common spiny loach [=Cobitis thermalis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:78, Platacanthus agrensis Day [F.], 1865:296, Fig., Cobitis carnaticus Jerdon [T. C.], 1849:331, Platacanthus maculatus Day [F.], 1868:941, Cobitis mysorensis Jerdon [T. C.], 1849:332, Cobitis rubripinnis Jerdon [T. C.], 1849:332] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Hot waters of Cania, Sri Lanka. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Peninsular India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater. (agrensis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1); ref. 5295] Fresh waters around Cochin, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (carnaticus) [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Carnatic, southern India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (maculatus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3); ref. 21114] Madras, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (mysorensis) [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Mysore, southern India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (rubripinnis) [Madras Journal of Literature and Science v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 4902] Sluggish streams in Malabar, India. Current status: Synonym of Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992 - Selangor loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1992:216, Figs. 9-10] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 21291] Stream at 34-kilometer mark on road from Sungai Besar to Tonjong Malim, Sungai Bernam basin, Selangor, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Peninsular Malaysia; possible Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, in Havird et al., 2010 - zeppelin loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird [J. C.] & Tangjitjaroen [W.], in Havird et al., 2010:6, Figs. 1, 7G-I] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2557; ref. 30908] Mun River, tributary of Mekong River, Ubon Rajathanee University campus, 15°08'03.18"N, 104°55'27.78"E, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalichthys zeppelini Havird & Tangjitjaroen, 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mekong River drainage: Thailand and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1859 - loaches [=Lepidocephalus Bleeker [P.], 1859:303] Notes: [ref. 366]. Masc. Cobitis macrochir Bleeker, 1854. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1863:35 [ref. 400] and 1863:4 [ref. 4859]. •Valid as Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1859 -- (Nalbant 1963:366 [ref. 3140], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968:343 [ref. 6554], Jayaram 1981:180 [ref. 6497], Chen 1981:22 [ref. 8242], Sawada 1982:201 [ref. 14111], Kottelat 1985:268 [ref. 11441], Roberts 1989:106 [ref. 6439], Rahman 1989:156 [ref. 24860], Menon 1992:52 [ref. 23970], Nalbant 1994:375 [ref. 22051], Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:90 [ref. 23556], Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Ataur Rahman 2003:175 [ref. 31338], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Harant & Bohlen 2010:2444 [ref. 31092], Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Deein et al. 2014:342 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus Bleeker, 1859. Cobitidae.

Species Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker, 1854) - Palembang loach (author) [=Cobitis macrochir Bleeker [P.], 1854:97] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16939] Confluence of Lamatang and Enim rivers, Palembang, eastern Sumatra; Pepeh River, Surakarta, central Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker, 1854). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein et al., 2014 - Mae Nam Nan loach (author) [=Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein [G.], Tangjitjaroen [W.] & Page [L. W.] 2014:344, Fig. 1A, 3A, 4A, 5] Notes: [Zootaxa 3779 (no. 3); ref. 33210] Phitsanulok Province, Khlong Chompu, Mae Nam Nan, Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus nanensis Deein, Tangjitjaroen & Page 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalus pahangensis (de Beaufort, 1933) - Pahang loach (author) [=Acantophthalmus pahangensis de Beaufort [L. F.], 1933:31] Notes: [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Pahang River off Mentakab, 0°04.5'N, 111°28'E, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus pahangensis (de Beaufort, 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Pahang River off Mentakab, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalus pallens (Vaillant, 1902) - Sintang loach (author) [=Lepidocephalichthys pallens Vaillant [L. L.], 1902:153, Fig. 47] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Kapuas River, presumably at Sintang, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus pallens (Vaillant, 1902). Cobitidae. Distribution: Kapuas River, Borneo, Indonesia (known only from holotype). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989 - Sungai Melawi loach (author) [=Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts [T. R.], 1989:106, Fig. 81] Notes: [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Rocky ledge in middle of Sungai Melawi near confluence with Kapuas River, about 0.5 kilometer upstream from Sintang, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Lepidocephalus spectrum Roberts, 1989. Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011 - loaches [=Microcobitis Bohlen [J.] & Harant [R.], 2011:296] Notes: [ref. 31186]. Masc. Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl, 1944. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Microcobitis Bohlen & Harant, 2011. Cobitidae.

Species Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl, 1944) - Lake Thua Luu loach (author) [=Cobitis misgurnoides Rendahl [H.], 1944:21, Fig. 10] Notes: [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Lake Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of [Da Nang] Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl, 1944). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam and Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 - weatherfishes [=Misgurnus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:16, Mesomisgurnus Fang [P.-W.], 1935:129, Ussuria Nikolskii [A. M.], 1903:362] Notes: [ref. 4930]. Masc. Cobitis fossilis Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Chen 1981:27 [ref. 8242], Jayaram 1981:182 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:198 [ref. 14111], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605] Travers 1989:203 [ref. 13578], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:255 [ref. 23876], Menon 1992:49 [ref. 23970], Wu & Wu 1992:266 [ref. 21205], Nalbant 1994:375 [ref. 22051], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:49 [ref. 22798], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:91 [ref. 23556], Vasil'eva 1998:101 [ref. 23591], Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Vasil'eva 2001:581 [ref. 25617], Shedko & Shedko 2003:323 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:108 [ref. 28183], Scharpf 2006:13 [ref. 30386], Hoese 2006:348 [ref. 29009], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:300 [ref. 29996], Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008:1 [ref. 29549], Kim 2009:20 [ref. 30457] as Misgrunus, Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803. Cobitidae. (Mesomisgurnus) [ref. 1301]. Masc. Nemacheilus bipartitus Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Chen 1981:27 [ref. 8242], Menon 1992:50 [ref. 23970], Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803. Cobitidae. (Ussuria) [ref. 3203]. Fem. Ussuria leptocephala Nikolskii, 1903. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 – (Kottelat 2012:35 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803. Cobitidae.

Species Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) - Japanese weatherfish [=Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor [T. E.], 1842:485, Cobitis bifurcata McClelland [J.], 1843:400, Pl. 23 (fig. 1), Cobitis cirrhifurcata Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 2), Misgurnus crossochilus Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:89 [4], Cobitis decemcirrosus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:239, Pl. 7 (fig. 2), Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker [P.], 1860:89, Pl. 2 (fig. 2), Misgurnus elongatus Kimura [S.], 1934:158, Pl. 5 (fig. 1), Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker [P.], 1860:88, Pl. 2 (fig. 4), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus formosanus Rendahl [H.], 1936:302, Misgurnus mizolepis fukien Nichols [J. T.], 1925:4, Misgurnus mizolepis grangeri Nichols [J. T.], 1925:5, Cobitis haematopterus Richardson [J.], 1846:301, Misgurnus mizolepis hainan Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.], 1927:336, Fig. 9, Pl. 26 (fig. 1), Cobitis hetsieou Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 1), Misgurnus mizolepis heungchow Lin [S.-Y.], 1932:66, Misgurnus mohoity leopardus Nichols [J. T.], 1925:6, Nemachilus lividus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:15, Cobitis maculata Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:221, Pl. 103 (figs. 2-2a), Cobitis micropus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:29, Cobitis pectoralis McClelland [J.], 1843:400, Pl. 23 (fig. 3), Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker [P.], 1860:90, Pl. 2 (fig. 3), Cobitis psammismus Richardson [J.], 1846:300, Misgurnus punctatus Oshima [M.], 1926:5, Cobitis rubripinnis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:220, Pl. 103 (figs. 1, 1a-b), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus tungting Nichols [J. T.], 1925:3, Misgurnus mizolepis unicolor Lin [S.-Y.], 1932:66, Misgurnus mohoity yunnan Nichols [J. T.], 1925:5] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 9 (nos 58, 59, 60); ref. 17344] Chusan Island, China. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (bifurcata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (cirrhifurcata) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Lakes of inner China and Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (crossochilus) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3878] High mountains of Kaoten, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (decemcirrosus) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Near Beijing, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (dichachrous) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Tokyo, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (elongatus) [Journal of the Shanghai Scientific Institute v. 1; ref. 16434] Shanghai, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (enalios) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Kaminoseki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (formosanus) [Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (Ser. 2) v. 3; ref. 13740] Lake Candidius, Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (fukien) [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Nanping, Fukien Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (grangeri) [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Yen-ching-kao, Szechwan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (haematopterus) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (hainan) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (hetsieou) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. (heungchow) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 16379] Heungchow, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (leopardus) [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (lividus) [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (maculata) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (micropus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pectoralis) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (polynema) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 1); ref. 374] Tokyo, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (psammismus) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (punctatus) [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 3314] Kachek River near Kachek, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (rubripinnis) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Around Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tungting) [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Huping, Tungting Lake, Hunan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (unicolor) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 16379] Canton (Kwangtung), China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (yunnan) [American Museum Novitates No. 169; ref. 15550] Yunnan-fu (Kunming), Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Park, 1995 - Bupori weatherfish (author) [=Misgurnus buphoensis Kim [R. T.] & Park [S. Y.], 1995:54, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. v. 1; ref. 23596] Bupori, Sonbong Country, North Hamgyong Province, Korea. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus buphoensis Kim & Park, 1995. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) - weatherfish [=Cobitis fossilis Linnaeus [C.], 1758:303] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869) - Amur weatherfish [=Cobitis fossilis var. mohoity Dybowski [B. N.], 1869:957, Cobitis ajdan Kessler [K. T.], 1876, Cobitis ajdan Dybowski [B. N.], in Sinitzyn, 1900:49, Cobitis anjan Dowski [D. F.], in Sinizyn, 1900:49, Nemacheilus bipartitus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.], 1874:16, Misgurnus cestoideus Kessler [K. T.], 1876:34, Pl. 8 (fig. 5), Misgurnus erikssoni Rendahl [H.], 1922:3, Ussuria leptocephala Nikolskii [A. M.], 1903:362 [7], Misgurnus maculatus Bleeker [P.], 1872:146, Misgurnus spilurus Bleeker [P.], 1872:146] Notes: [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Lakes of Onon and Ingoda river system, Amur River basin, Russia. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater. (ajdan) Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. (ajdan) [Varshavskogo Uchebnogo Okruga; ref. 22999] Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. (anjan) [Varshavskogo Uchebnogo Okruga; ref. 22999] Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. (bipartitus) [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Central and north China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. Distribution: China [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. (cestoideus) [Mongolia i Strana Tangutov v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Nei-Mongol, Lake Dalai-Nor, China, elevation 4200 feet. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (erikssoni) [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 15377] Djaggaste [possible Gassate or Dschagostai], Nei Mongol, China. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (leptocephala) [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 8 (for 1903); ref. 3203] Ussuri River, Russia/China boundry; Kerulen [Cherulu] River, eastern Mongolia. Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater (maculatus) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae. (spilurus) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] Current status: Synonym of Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869). Cobitidae.

Species Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944 - Vietnamese weatherfish (author) [=Misgurnus mizolepis multimaculatus Rendahl [H.], 1944:13, Fig. 6] Notes: [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of Hué, Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva, 2001 - Primorsky Kray weatherfish (author) [=Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva [E. D.], 2001:589, Fig. 3] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 41 (no. 5); ref. 25617] Primorsky Kray, a lake near Lefu River, Russia. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus nikolskyi Vasil'eva, 2001. Cobitidae. Distribution: Russia (sensu stricto), including Siberia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937 - Hanoi weatherfish (author) [=Misgurnus mizolepis tonkinensis Rendahl [H.], 1937:1, Figs. 1, 2a] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 29 (häfte 3) A (no. 12); ref. 15299] Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Current status: Valid as Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968 - loaches [=Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1968:349] Notes: [ref. 6554]. Masc. Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968. Type by original designation. •Valid as Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968 -- (Jayaram 1981:178 [ref. 6497], Sawada 1982:202 [ref. 14111], Rahman 1989:160 [ref. 24860], Menon 1992:95 [ref. 23970], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Ataur Rahman 2003:179 [ref. 31338], Kottelat & Tan 2008:69 [ref. 29956], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Neoeucirrhichthys Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968. Cobitidae.

Species Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Banarescu & Nalbant, 1968 - Goalpara loach [=Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1968:349, Figs. 14-15] Notes: [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 6554] Janali River at Raimona, Goalpara District, Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. Current status: Valid as Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968. Cobitidae. Distribution: India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pangio Blyth, 1860 - kuhli-loaches [=Pangio Blyth [E.], 1860:169, Apua Blyth [E.], 1860:169, Cobitophis Myers [G. S.], 1927:4, Eucirrhichthys Perugia [A.], 1892:1009] Notes: [ref. 477]. Fem. Cobitis cinnamomea McClelland, 1839 (= Cobitis pangia Hamilton, 1822). Type by monotypy. Blyth treated pangia (spelled by him as pangio) Hamilton, 1822 and cinnamomea McClelland, 1839 as synonymous, using the latter name as valid. Opinion 1695 placed Acanthophthalmus on the Official Index of Rejected Names and Opinion 1500 placed Acantophthalmus on the Official Index; this means Pangio is the available name. •Synonym of Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Roberts 1989:95 [ref. 6439], Burridge 1992:175 [ref. 19452]). •Valid as Pangio Blyth, 1860 -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993 [ref. 21437], Doi 1997:25 [ref. 22832], Ataur Rahman 2003:171 [ref. 31338], Britz & Maclaine 2007:17 [ref. 29149], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:65 [ref. 30302], Britz & Kottelat 2010:371 [ref. 30691], Havird et al. 2010:2 [ref. 30908], Britz et al. 2012:45 [ref. 32066], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelet 2013:182 [ref. 32989], Deein et al. 2014:342 [ref. 33210]). Current status: Valid as Pangio Blyth, 1860. Cobitidae. (Apua) [ref. 477]. Fem. Apua fusca Blyth, 1860. Type by monotypy. Regarded by Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962] as a simultaneous objective synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1860, and as first reviser he selected Pangio over Apua. See also Acantophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Burridge 1992:175 [ref. 19452]). •Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1860 – (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelet 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1860. Cobitidae. (Cobitophis) [ref. 3097]. Masc. Acantophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant, 1902. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823, but a valid subgenus Cobitophis -- (Nalbant 1963:368 [ref. 3140]). •Synonym of Acanthophthalmus van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Roberts 1989:95 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1861 -- (Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Kottelat & Lim 1993:205 [ref. 21437], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelet 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1861. Cobitidae. (Eucirrhichthys) [ref. 3432]. Masc. Eucirrhichthys doriae Perugia, 1892. Type by monotypy. Originally described as a cyprinid. Misspelled Eucirrichthys in Zoological Record for 1892. •Questionably a synonym of Acanthophthalmus [or Acantophthalmus] van Hasselt, 1823 -- (Roberts 1989:95 [ref. 6439]). •Valid as Eucirrhichthys Perugia, 1892 -- (Nalbant 1963:367 [ref. 3140], Sawada 1982:202 [ref. 14111], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051] as Eucirrichthys). •Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1861 -- (Kottelat 1989:13 [ref. 13605], Kottelat & Lim 1993:205 [ref. 21437], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelet 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Pangio Blyth, 1861. Cobitidae.

Species Pangio agma (Burridge, 1992) - agma loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus agmus Burridge [M. E.], 1992:180, Fig. 6] Notes: [Copeia 1992 (no. 1); ref. 19452] Sungai Lawa, 1 kilometer upstream of confluence with Baram River, Fourth Division, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio agma (Burridge, 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Sarawak and Brunei. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - alcoides loach (author) [=Pangio alcoides Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:208, Fig. 1] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Stream at 154 stone on road to Kuantan from Kuala Terengganu, Rantau Abang, Terengganu, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - Borneo Kuhli loach [=Pangio alternans Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:210, Fig. 3] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Blackwater stream entering the Mahakam River on the left side near Mujub, Kalimantan Timur, Borneo, 0°01'S, 115°43'E. Current status: Valid as Pangio alternans Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mahakam River drainage, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio ammophila Britz et al., 2012 - Kumaradhara eel loach (author) [=Pangio ammophila Britz [R.], Ali [A.] & Raghavan [R.], 2012:46, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 32066] Kumaradhara River, 12°00'N, 75°53'24"E, Subramanya, Karnataka, India, elevation 811 meters. Current status: Valid as Pangio ammophila Britz, Ali & Raghavan, 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Kumaradhara River, southern West Ghats, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902) - eel loach [=Acanthophthalmus anguillaris Vaillant [L. L.], 1902:151, Fig. 46, Cobitophis perakensis Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1940:8, Pl. 2, Acanthophthalmus vermicularis Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.], 1916:34] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (note 1); ref. 4490] Kapuas River, Borneo. Current status: Valid as Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo and Makong River basin. Habitat: freshwater. (perakensis) [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 16; ref. 2130] Lake above Chenderoh Dam, Perak, Malaysia. Current status: Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (vermicularis) [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 3; ref. 4604] Kampar Kiri River, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine, 2007 - apoda eel loach (author) [=Pangio apoda Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J.], 2007:28, Fig. 8] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Tista River at Tista Barrage, Brahmaputra drainage, West Bengal, India. Current status: Valid as Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tista drainage, western Bengal, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 - atactos eel loach (author) [=Pangio atactos Tan [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.], 2009:57, Fig. 42] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30261] Danau Kamining near ampung Trasos, about 5 kilometers to southwards on unpaved road turning-off from Muara Bungo - Muara Tebo road at Kilometer 36, Jambi, Sumatra. Current status: Valid as Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Batang Hari River drainage, Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009 - Jambi eel loach (author) [=Pangio bitaimac Tan [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.], 2009:59, Fig. 43] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30261] Sungai Alai, Jambi, Sumatra, from aquarium fish collectors. Current status: Valid as Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Batang Hari drainage, Jambi Province, Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut, 1957) - Johore Kuhli loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus cuneovirgatus Raut [H.], 1957:30, Figs. 4, 5 (lower), 6] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 12164] Johore, southern Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut, 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio doriae (Perugia, 1892) - golden eel loach [=Eucirrhichthys doriae Perugia [A.], 1892:1009 [1]] Notes: [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 12; ref. 3432] Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio doriae (Perugia, 1892). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007 - Mingaw Kloh eel loach (author) [=Pangio elongata Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J.], 2007:18, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Mouth of the Mingaw Kloh, Tenasserim, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Pangio elongata Britz & Maclaine, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tenasserim, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - Tersat eel loach (author) [=Pangio filinaris Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:219, Fig. 9] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Sungai Tersat, a tributary of Sungai Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, 4°57'51"N, 102°57'45"E. Current status: Valid as Pangio filinaris Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio fusca (Blyth, 1860) - Tenasserim kuhli loach (author) [=Apua fusca Blyth [E.], 1860:169] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Tenasserim, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Pangio fusca (Blyth, 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Myanmar, doubtfully Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio goaensis (Tilak, 1972) - Indian coolie loach [=Acanthophthalmus goaensis Tilak [R.], 1972:62, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Journal of the Inland Fishery Society of India v. 4; ref. 7655] Colem River, Goa, India. Current status: Valid as Pangio goaensis (Tilak, 1972). Cobitidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - incognito kuhli loach (author) [=Pangio incognito Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:221, Fig. 11] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] kilometer 42 on road from Lindu to Kuching, west of Sungei Stinggang, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio incognito Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - Coolie loach [=Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:77, Acanthophthalmus fasciatus van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133, Acanthophthalmus fasciatus Bleeker [P.], 1860:74] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Malays and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater. (fasciatus) [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Current status: Synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. (fasciatus) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 7 (N. S., v. 2); ref. 380] Krawang, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Pangio kuhlii (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 - lidi coolie loach (author) [=Pangio lidi Hadiaty [R. K.] & Kottelat [M.], 2009:65, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2171; ref. 30302] Mahakam River basin, Ulu Belayan, Sungai Petunk Kanan, 0°32'06"N, 116°10'55"E, eastern Borneo. Current status: Valid as Pangio lidi Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mahakam River basin, eastern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010 - miniature eel loach [=Pangio longimanus Britz [R.] & Kottelat [M.], 2010:373, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30691] Confluence of Nam Leuk and Nam Gnong streams, 18°22'04"N, 103°05'27"E, Vientiane Province, Laos. Current status: Valid as Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat, 2010. Cobitidae. Distribution: Mekong River drainage, Central Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007 - Ayeyarwaddy eel loach (author) [=Pangio lumbriciformis Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J.], 2007:22, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Nan Kwe stream, near Myitkina, Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio malayana (Tweedie, 1956) - Malaysian eel loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus kuhlii malayanus Tweedie [M. W. F.], 1956:58, Pl. 6a] Notes: [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 27; ref. 12237] Tahan River, Pahang, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio malayana (Tweedie, 1956). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin, 1962) - Sabah eel loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus mariarum Inger [R. F.] & Chin [P. K.], 1962:118, Fig. 56] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 45; ref. 12303] Sabah, tributary of Kinabatangan at Deramakot, Kinabatangan District, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio mariarum (Inger & Chin, 1962). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort, 1933) - spotted eel loach [=Acanthophthalmus (Cobitophis) muraeniformis de Beaufort [L. F.], 1933:32] Notes: [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 8; ref. 12381] Thomson Road, 3rd mile, Singapore. Current status: Valid as Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort, 1933). Cobitidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio myersi (Harry, 1949) - albino giant kuhli loach [=Acanthophthalmus myersi Harry [R. R.], 1949:69] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 62; ref. 12417] Nong Khor, southeastern Thailand. Current status: Valid as Pangio myersi (Harry, 1949). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) - Java loach [=Cobitis oblonga Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt), in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:76, Acanthophthalmus javanicus Bleeker [P.], 1860:75, Acanthophthalmus javanicus van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:133] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater. (javanicus) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 7 (N. S., v. 2); ref. 380] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae: Cobitinae. Habitat: freshwater. (javanicus ) [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Current status: Synonym of Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, 1846). Cobitidae.

Species Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822) - cinnamon loach [=Cobitis pangia Hamilton [F.], 1822:355, 394, Cobitis cinnamomea McClelland [J.], 1839:304, 435, Pl. 51 (fig. 5b), Canthophrys rubiginosus Swainson [W.], 1839:310] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Northeastern Bengal. Current status: Valid as Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia: Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater. (cinnamomea) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Current status: Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (rubiginosus) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Current status: Synonym of Pangio pangia (Hamilton, 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - piperata kuhli loach (author) [=Pangio piperata Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:236, Fig. 20] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Stream at about kilometer 6 on Kuala Brang to Kuala Terengganu road, Terengganu, Malaysia, 6°04'25"N, 103°03'20"E. Current status: Valid as Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Asia: Malaysia, Sumatro and Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993 - pulla eel loach (author) [=Pangio pulla Kottelat [M.] & Lim [K. K. P.], 1993:238, Fig. 21] Notes: [The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 21437] Blackwater stream, 28-29 kilometers on road to Tangkiling, tributary of Sungei Rungan, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio robiginosa (Raut, 1957) - Bantean eel loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus robiginosus Raut [H.], 1957:31, Figs. 5 (upper), 7, 8] Notes: [Aquarien und Terrarien-Zeitschrift v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 12164] Tjipaja-en near Rangkas-Betong village, Bantean area, western Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pangio robiginosa (Raut, 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Java. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940) - Mawai kuhli loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus semicinctus Fraser-Brunner [A.], 1940:172, Fig. 3, Acanthophthalmus kuhlii sumatranus Fraser-Brunner [A.], 1940:175] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 6 (no. 32); ref. 17234] Mawai District, Johore, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940). Cobitidae. Distribution: Sumatra, Bornea and Malay Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater. (sumatranus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 6 (no. 32); ref. 17234] Lahat, Palembang Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio shelfordii (Popta, 1903) - Borneo loach [=Acanthophthalmus shelfordii Popta [C. M. L.], 1903:231, Fig.] Notes: [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 23; ref. 15039] Sarawak River near Kuching, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Pangio shelfordii (Popta, 1903). Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007 - Nanmate kuhli loach (author) [=Pangio signicauda Britz [R.] & Maclaine [J.], 2007:26, Fig. 7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 29149] Nanmate stream, 25°23'03"N, 97°00'38"E, between Myitkina and Hopin, Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Current status: Valid as Pangio signicauda Britz & Maclaine, 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ayeyarwaddy basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pangio superba (Roberts, 1989) - superba kuhli loach (author) [=Acantophthalmus superbus Roberts [T. R.], 1989:98, Fig. 74] Notes: [Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences No. 14; ref. 6439] Kapuas basin, small forest stream about 1 kilometer up Sungai Tajan from Tajan, 87 kilometer east of Pontianak, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Pangio superba (Roberts, 1989). Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paralepidocephalus Tchang, 1935 - loaches [=Paralepidocephalus Tchang [T.-L.], 1935:17] Notes: [ref. 4365]. Masc. Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang, 1935. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Paralepidocephalus Tchang, 1935 – (Nalbant 1963:367 [ref. 3140], Chen 1981:27 [ref. 8242] with species as jui, Sawada 1982:201 [ref. 14111], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Li 2004:95 [ref. 28170], Proudlove 2006:108 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus Tchang, 1935. Cobitidae.

Species Paralepidocephalus guishanensis Li, 2004 - Guishan loach (author) [=Paralepidocephalus guishanensis Li [W.-X.], 2004:94, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 28170] Guishan town, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus guishanensis Li, 2004. Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paralepidocephalus translucens Liu et al., 2016 - translucens loach (author) [=Paralepidocephalus translucens Liu [S.-W.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.], 2016:62, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 34369] Outlet of a subterranean river in a cave, draining to Nanpanjiang River, Luoxiong Town, Luoping County, Yunnan, China, 24°50'35"N, 104°23'12"E. Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus translucens Liu, Yang & Chen, 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang, 1935 - Yu loach (author) [=Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang [T.-L.], 1935:17, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zoology Series) v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 4365] Shiping, Yunnan Province, China. Current status: Valid as Paralepidocephalus yui Tchang, 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 - loaches [=Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant [P.] (ex Guichenot), 1872:191, Paramisgurnus Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:90] Notes: [ref. 12507]. Masc. Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Sauvage 1878:90 [p. 4 of separate], apparently independent of Dabry de Thiersant. •Synonym of Misgurnus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Menon 1992:49 [ref. 23970]). •Valid as Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 -- (Chen 1981:29 [ref. 8242], Son & He 2001:1 [ref. 25331], Vasil'eva et al. 2003:451 [ref. 27169], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:109 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:319 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae: Cobitinae. (Paramisgurnus) [ref. 3878]. Masc. Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage, 1878. Type by monotypy. •Junior hononym and objective synonymy of Paramisgurnus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 -- (Kottelat 2012:40 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Paramisgurnus Dabry de Theirsant, 1872. Cobitidae.

Species Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 - Chinese paramisgurnus (author) [=Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant [P.] (ex Guichenot), 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 6), Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage [H.-E.], 1878:90 [5], Misgurnus mizolepis Günther [A.], 1888:434] Notes: [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Valid as Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae. Distribution: China and Russia; Taiwan? Habitat: freshwater. (dabryanus) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3878] Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Current status: Synonym of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (mizolepis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 14483] Chang Jianf [Yangtze River] at Kiu-Kiang [Chiu-chiang], China. Current status: Synonym of Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paramisgurnus oligolepos Li, 1993 - Tanggu loach (author) [=Misgurnus oligolepos Li [G.-L.], 1993] Notes: [Transactions of the Tianjin Natural History Museum v. 10; ref. 27517] Tanggu area, south of the mouth of Beitang River, Tianjin Municipality, China. Current status: Valid as Paramisgurnus dabryanus Dabry de Thiersant, 1872. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tianjin, China (If valid) Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993 - loaches [=Protocobitis Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.], 1993:125] Notes: [ref. 23234]. Protocobitis typhlops Yang, Chen & Lan, in Yang & Chen, 1993. Type by monotypy. Appeared as above first (unintentionally); see Kottelat & Bréhier 1999:356 [ref. 24929]. Also appeared in Yang, Chen & Lan 1994:92 [ref. 21377]. •Valid as Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993 -- (Kottelat & Bréhier 1999:356 [ref. 24929], Proudlove 2006:107 [ref. 28992], Chen & Chen 2007:111 [ref. 29350], Zhu et al. 2008:452 [ref. 29758], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1554 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367] Lan et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32910]). Current status: Valid as Protocobitis Yang & Chen, 1993. Cobitidae.

Species Protocobitis anteroventris Lan, 2013 - Lingping loach (author) [=Protocobitis anteroventris Lan [J.], 2013:(148) 260, Figs. 113-114] Notes: [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Lingping Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi, China, 24.6°N, 106.3°E, elevation 830 meters. Current status: Valid as Protocobitis anteroventris Lan, 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Tianlin County, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Protocobitis polylepis Zhu et al., 2008 - Guangxi loach (author) [=Protocobitis polylepis Zhu [Y.], Lü [Y.-J.], Yang [J.-X.] & Zhang [S.], 2008:453, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zoological Research v. 29 (no. 4); ref. 29758] From underground water source near the county town, Wuming County, ca. 23°10'N, 108°17'E, Zhang Sheng, Guangxi Province, China. Current status: Valid as Protocobitis polylepis Zhu, Lü, Yang & Zhang, 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Wuming County, Giangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen, 1993 - troglobitic loach (author) [=Protocobitis typhlops Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R], 1993:125] Notes: [Proceedings of the XI International Congress Speleology; ref. 23234] Limestone cave, Xia'ao town, ca. 24°15'N, 107°05'E, Du'an County, Guangxi, China. Current status: Valid as Protocobitis typhlops Yang & Chen, 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Du'an County, Hongshui River system of Red River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929 - loaches [=Sabanejewia Vladykov [V. D.], 1929:86] Notes: [ref. 4525]. Fem. Cobitis balcanica Karaman, 1922. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Chen 1981:23 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205]). •Valid as Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929 -- (Nalbant 1963:361 [ref. 3140], Sawada 1982:200 [ref. 14111] as Sabajenewia, Vasil'yeva & Vasil'ev 1988 [ref. 13477], Nalbant 1994:376 [ref. 22051], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:317 [ref. 23723], Vasil'eva 1998:102 [ref. 23591], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:110 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:321 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Kottelat 2012:41 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929. Cobitidae.

Species Sabanejewia aurata (de Filippi, 1863) - goldside loach [=Cobitis aurata De Filippi [F.], 1863:391, Cobitis aralensis Kessler [K. T.], 1877:184, Cobitis aurata bosniaca Karaman [M. S.], 1963:629, Fig. 1, Cobitis hohenackeri Kessler [K. T.] (ex Brandt), 1877:177, Cobitis montana Vladykov [V. D.], 1925:321, Pl. 7 (fig. 8), Cobitis aurata radnensis Bănărescu [P. M.], Müller [G.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1960:124, Sabanejewia aurata thrakica Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.], 1996:320] Notes: [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia. v. 2; ref. 18082] Stream near Sartschem [apparently Sarcham-e Sofla, 39°07;N, 47°54'E], Iran. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater. (aralensis) [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Syr Darya River mouth, Kazakhstan; Amu Darya River mouth, Uzbekistan. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (bosniaca) [Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie v. 48 (no. 4); ref. 9040] Creeks Saturlija and Siroka Rijeka near Banja Luka, Vrba River basin, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (hohenackeri) [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Kura River basin, Transcaucasia. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (montana) [Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere (Jena) v. 50; ref. 23023] Tisza River basin, Ukraine. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (radnensis) [Comunicari de Zoologie / Societatea se Stiinte Naturale si Geografie din Republica Populara Romina. Bucuresti. 1957-1959 [1960]; ref. 23024] Upper rivers Mures and Tirnava, Romania. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (thrakica) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Evros catchment, tributary Erythropotamos, near Mikro Dereio village, Thrace, Greece. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863). Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922) - Vardar loach (author) [=Cobitis balcanica Karaman [S.] 1922:307 [1], Figs. 1-2, Cobitis aurata balcanica natio radnensis Jászfalusi [L.], 1951:116, Pl. 1 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Glasnik Hrvatskoga naravoslovnoga drustva = Glasnik der Kroatischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in Zagreb. v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 16105] Vardar River, Yugoslavia. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922). Cobitidae. Distribution: Black Sea and Aegean Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (radnensis) [Országos Természettudományi Múzeum Évkonyve v. 1; ref. 12896] Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman, 1922). Cobitidae. Species Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski, 1994 - golden loach [=Sabanejewia aurata baltica Witkowski [A.], 1994:44, Fig. 10] Notes: [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 22060] Widawa River, Odra River basin, near village Kielczówek, 4 kilometers from Wroclaw, 51°18'N, 17°12'W, Poland. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski, 1994. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928) - Bulgarian golden loach (author) [=Cobitis bulgarica Drensky [P.], 1928:171, Fig. 5 (no. 2), Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff [G.], 1932:368, 374, Pl. 1 (Fig. 3), Cobitis taenia tesselatus Pietschmann [V.], 1937:29] Notes: [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 1; ref. 15891] Small tributaris of Danube River in Widdin [Vidin] and Danube mainstream at Krai Panaira, Bulgaria. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928). Cobitidae. Distribution: Danube River system, Bulgaria. Habitat: freshwater. (albicoloris) [Trudove na Bulgarskogo Prirodoizpitatelno Druzhestvo = Travaux de la Société bulgare des sciences naturelles v. 15-16; ref. 16478] Danube River drainage, Bulgaria. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tesselatus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 74 (no. 4); ref. 17166] Lower Danube River at Vidin [Widen], Bulgaria. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) - Caspian golden loach (author) [=Cobitis caspia Eichwald [C. E. von], 1838:133] Notes: [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. v. 11; ref. 18063] Caspian Sea at Lenkoran, Azerbaidjan. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838). Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe and western Asia: Caspian Sea watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg, 1906) - Ciscaucasian spined loach [=Cobitis caucasica Berg [L. S.], 1906:37, Fig.] Notes: [Izvestija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, prodaetsja u Kommissionerov Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk St. Petersburg. [= Bulletin de l'Academy Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg.] (Sér. 5) v. 24 (nos 1-2); ref. 15645] Sagdan [Saagdan], Gr. Laba River, upper Kubun River, Russia. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg, 1906). Cobitidae. Distribution: Caspian Sea basin: Russia and Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1988 - Kuban golden loach [=Sabanejewia aurata kubanica Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.], 1988:210 [33], Fig. 2] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 13477] Nevinka River, Kuban River basin, Krasnodarskiy Krai, Russia. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia kubanica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1988. Cobitidae. Distribution: Kuban River drainage, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi, 1859) - Italian loach [=Cobitis larvata De Filippi [F.], 1859:50, Cobitis taenia var. conspersa Cantoni [E.], 1882:364, Pl. 1(fig. 3)] Notes: [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 11; ref. 18081] Creeks near Settimo Torinese, northeast of Torino, Italy. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi, 1859). Cobitidae. Distribution: Italy. Habitat: freshwater. (conspersa) [Rendiconati, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere. Ser. 2. v. 15; ref. 17331] Pavia, Italy. Current status: Synonym of Sabanejewia larvata (De Filippi, 1859). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Sabanejewia romanica (Bacescu, 1943) - Romanian loach [=Cobitis caspia romanica Băcescu [M. C.], 1943:137, Pl. 2] Notes: [Bulletin de la Section scientific de l'Académie roumaine. Bucaresti. v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 13038] Bratia River, near village Fladesti [Vladesti], Muscel, Romania. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia romanica (Băcescu, 1943). Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sabanejewia vallachica (Nalbant, 1957) - Eastern Carpathian golden loach [=Cobitis aurata vallachica Nalbant [T. T.], 1957:209, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 38 (nos 3/4); ref. 12159] Ialomitza River near Crivina, northeastern Vallachica, Romania. Current status: Valid as Sabanejewia vallachica (Nalbant, 1957). Cobitidae. Distribution: Danube River drainage, Romania. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Theriodes Kottelat, 2012 - loaches [=Theriodes Kottelat [M.], 2012:42, 137] Notes: [ref. 32367]. Masc. Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger & Chin, 1962. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Theriodes Kottelat, 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:42 [ref. 32367], Kottelet 2013:184 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Theriodes Kottelat, 2012. Cobitidae.

Species Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin, 1962) - Sepilok loach (author) [=Acanthophthalmus sandakanensis Inger [R. F.] & Chin [P. K.], 1962:120, Figs. 54E, 58] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 45; ref. 12303] Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sandakan District, northern Borneo. Current status: Valid as Theriodes sandakanensis (Inger & Chin, 1962). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater. ********************************************************************************************* Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Bibarba microculum 2013:155 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] •Name mentioned in passage, status uncertain. Current status: Unknown. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Canthophrys zebra Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Ham. pl. 11, f. 96 -- which is Hamilton 1822:Pl. 11 (fig. 96) [ref. 2031]. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Acanthopsis lachnostoma Rutter [C. L.] 1897:60 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 12329] Swatow, Shantou, coast of southeastern China. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 1812. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. Species name middle initial is a "L" •Valid as Acanthopsis lachnostoma Rutter 1897 -- (Roberts 1989:99 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) -- (Ye in Pan et al. 1991:252 [ref. 23876] as Acanthopsis). •Synonym of Cobitis, as species inquirenda -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Acantopsis multistigmatus Vishwanath [W.] & Laisram [J.] 2005:433, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 101 (pt 3); ref. 28250] Lokchao stream. a tributary of Yu River, Manipur, India. Holotype: MUMF 3044. Paratypes: MUMF 3045/5 (5), 3047/1 (1), 3048/1 (1). •Questionably as synonym of Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:22 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:177 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Acantopsis spectabilis (Blyth 1860). Cobitidae. Distribution: Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis barbatuloides Bleeker [P.] 1851:435 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 16897] Sambas, western Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 4960 (poor condition, head missing). Type catalog: Alfred 1961:33 [ref. 20552]. Originally as barbatuloïdes. •Questionably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1989:103 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448]). •Valid as Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker 1851) -- (Kottelat & Tan 2008:70 [ref. 29956], Kottelat 2012:32 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). •May not be a species of Lepidocephalichthys -- (Havird & Page 2010:140 [ref. 30739]). Current status: Uncertain as Lepidocephalichthys barbatuloides (Bleeker 1851). Cobitidae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis erythropterus Günther [A.] 1868:345 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Not available, name on specimen from Japan mentioned under Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Cobitidae.

Acanthophthalmus fasciatus Kuhl [H.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:77 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Not available, name mentioned in passing under Cobitis kuhlii Valenciennes 1846; from Jakarta [Batavia], Java, Indonesia. Cobitidae.

Cobitis guttata McClelland [J.] 1839:305, 438, Pl. 52 (figs. 5-6) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. Holotype (unique): SMF 409. •Questionably a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:33 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:179 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton 1822). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis longitaeniatus Ngô [S. V.] 2008:1[?66], Fig. 1 [Science and Technical Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development No. 122, 8 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, So trach, 17°30'N, 106°15"E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1. Paratypes: (7) Original description not yet translated; appeared in second work with similar title as Cobitis longitaenia and Cobitis longitaeniatus. Also spelled longitaenia on p. 67. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi var. macrophthalmus Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:67 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Not available, infrasubspecific -- a variety of a subspecies; from Amu-Darya River, Uzbekistan. Cobitidae.

Cobitis nuicocensis Nguyen [V. H.] & Vo [V. B.] in Nguyen 2005:560, Fig. 9 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Công River, lake district of Mount (Núi) Côc, Dai Tu, Thái Nguyên Province, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I, Bac Ninh. Paratypes: (20). •Questionably a synonym of Microcobitis misgurnoides (Rendahl 1944) -- (Kottelat 2012:34 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:181 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Microcobitis nuicocensis (Nguyen & Vo 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: Công River, Thái Bình river system, lake district of Mount (Núi) Côc,Thái Nguyên Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis octocirrhus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Not available, no distinguishing features; from Java (see Alfred 1961:86 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:376 [ref. 5964]. •Treated as valid as Leptocephalus octocirrhus (Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823) -- (Zhu 1995:126 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:90 [ref. 23556]). •In the synonymy of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:59 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:25 [ref. 21799], Havid & Page 2010:140 [ref. 30739], Kottelat 2013:180 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Uncertain as Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes 1846). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. Cobitis osurgeticus Kamensky [S. N.] in Radde 1899:321 [Die Sammlungen des Kaukasischen Museums v. 2; ref. 19639] Not available, no description; one specimen from Osurgeti, Caucasus. Cobitidae.

Cobitis palustris Güldenstädt [J. A. von] 1791:193, 448 [Reisen durch Rußland und im Kaukasischen Gebürge; ref. 18175] Dnieper River, at Kamenka, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine; Oka River, Serpukhov, Moskwa Oblast, Russia. Name only, not available. Cobitidae.

Cobitis pannonica Heckel [J. J.] 1848:194 [Berichte über die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in Wien v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 18256] Name only, not available; from Lake Neusiedler, Hungary. •Placement uncertain -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Cobitidae.

Cobitis phongnhaensis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:3 [?68], Fig. 3 [Science and Technical Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development No. 122, 8 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N, 106°15'E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1 [? NCNTTSI]. Paratypes: (7). Original description not yet translated. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis poecilopleura Chu [Y.-T.] 1931:66 [Biological Bulletin St. John's University Shanghai No. 1; ref. 18000] Untraced; appeared as "Cobitis poecilopleura Guichenot. China (Blkr. 1872)." •Status is uncertain in Cobitis -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis scuturiginum Hamilton [F.] in McClelland 1839:220 [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Not available, name only. Cobitidae.

Cobitis tricirrhata Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:7, 10 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Rouen, France. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Cobitis yeni Nguyen [T. T.] in Nguyen 2005:227, Fig. 114 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 3; ref. 29809] •Nomen nudum, not up to the code -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Unknown. Cobitidae.

Cobitis kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi natio zeravschani Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:66 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Zeravshan River, Uzbekistan. Cobitidae.

Petromizon variegatus Wulff [J. C.] 1765:16 [Ichthyologia, cum amphibiis regni Borussici. Methodo Linnaena disposita.; ref. 17844] Borussia [Prussia], Germany and Poland. No types known. See Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] who regards part of the description as being a loach and most likely Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758). •Questionably in the synonymy of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2012:36 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus 1758). Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater. Pangio bashai Easa [P. S.] & Shaji [C. P.] 1997:181 [Current Science v. 73 (no. 2); ref. 30281] Name only, not available. Refers to a manuscript description submitted to TFH Magazine, which was not published by 2009 according to online TFH archives. Subsequent validation of name not researched. •Incorrectly treated as valid as Pangio bashai Easa & Shaji -- (Raju Thomas et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25441]). Current status: Unknown. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Acanthophthalmus borneensis Boulenger [G. A.] 1894:251 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 13 (no. 75) (art. 26); ref. 535] Baram River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1889.7.31.14 (1), MNHN 1894-0018 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:91 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Pangio borneensis (Boulenger 1894) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:60 [ref. 23448]). •Questionably the same as Pangio shelfordii (Popta 1903) -- (Kottelat & Lim 1993:240 [ref. 21437], Kottelat & Lim 1995:237 [ref. 23210]). •Questionably the same as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992) -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:182 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Pangio agma (Burridge 1992). Cobitidae. Distribution: Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

Sabanejewia aurata doiranica Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:318 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] Lake Doirani, Macedonia, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1989-116. Paratypes: ISBB 4580 (16), MZUT 1989-102 (5). Appeared first without distinguishing features in Economidis 1995:211 [ref. 23025]. •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922) -- (Kottelat 1997:91 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863) -- (Kottelat 2012:41-42 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi 1863). Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.