DOCSLIB.ORG

Ames Research Center

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ames Research Center Research and Technology NASA Ames Research Research and Technology Ames Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California NASA TM-112195 Foreword The mission of NASA Ames Research Center is to research, develop, verify, and transfer advanced aeronautics, space, and related technologies; to advance and communicate scientific knowledge and understanding of the universe, the solar system, and the Earth; and to enable the development of space for human enterprise. Empha- sis is placed on information systems technologies for aeronautics and space applications; on aviation operations systems; and on the discipline of astrobiology, the study of life in the universe encompassing the Earth, space, and life sciences. This report highlights the challenging work accomplished during fiscal year 1996 by Ames research scientists, engineers, and technologists. It discusses research and technologies that enable the Information Age, that expand the frontiers of knowledge for aeronautics and space, and that help to maintain U. S. leadership in aeronautics and space research and technology development. The accomplishments span the range of goals of NASA’s four Strategic Enterprises: Aeronautics and Space Transportation Technology, Space Science, Human Exploration and Development of Space, and Mission to Planet Earth. The primary purpose of this report is to communicate information—to inform our stakeholders, customers, and partners, and the people of the United States about the scope and diversity of Ames’ mission, the nature of Ames’ research and technology activities, and the stimulating challenges ahead. The accomplishments cited illustrate the contributions that Ames is making to improve the quality of life for our citizens and the economic position of the United States in the world marketplace. For further information on Ames research and technology projects, please contact the person designated as the point of contact at the end of each article. An electronic version of this report is available at URL http//jit.arc.nasa.gov/atrs/index.html. Henry McDonald Director ii ii C ONTENTS Aeronautics Enterprise Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Global Civil Aviation/Safety Aviation Performance Measuring System.................................................................................................. 3 Irving C. Statler Aviation Safety Reporting System ............................................................................................................. 4 Linda J. Connell Crew Activity Tracking System ................................................................................................................. 5 Todd J. Callantine Study of Line Oriented Flight Training ...................................................................................................... 6 Key R. Dismukes Measuring Air Traffic Complexity ............................................................................................................. 7 Irene V. Laudeman, Connie Brasil, Robert Branstrom Operational Interventions to Human Error in Aircraft Maintenance .......................................................... 8 Barbara G. Kanki, Vicki Dulchinos Aircraft Separation Risk Model ................................................................................................................. 9 Mary M. Connors The Final Approach Spacing Tool ............................................................................................................ 11 Tom Davis Air/Ground Integration ............................................................................................................................. 11 R. Slattery The Traffic Management Advisor.............................................................................................................. 12 Harry N. Swenson Surface Movement Advisor ...................................................................................................................... 13 Brian J. Glass Simplified Vision Models for Display Quality Assessment ........................................................................ 14 Al Ahumada Perceptually Tuned Visual Simulation ...................................................................................................... 15 Mary K. Kaiser Entropy Masking in Visual Displays.......................................................................................................... 17 Andrew B. Watson Vertical Motion Simulator Advanced Simulator Network ......................................................................... 18 William B. Cleveland Intelligent Aircraft Control System ............................................................................................................ 19 Charles C. Jorgensen iiiiii Aeronautics Enterprise (continued) Global Civil Aviation/Affordability Facilitating User Route Preferences in En Route Airspace ......................................................................... 20 Bob Vivona, Mark Ballin, Steve Green, Ralph Bach, Dave McNally Conflict Probability Estimation for Free Flight ........................................................................................... 21 Russell A. Paielli, Heinz Erzberger Conflict Prediction Algorithms: Initial Field Test ....................................................................................... 23 Dave McNally, Bob Vivona, Karl Bilimoria, Gerd Kanning, Steve Green, Ralph Bach, Allan McCrary, Ed Lewis Assessing Controller Performance Under Simulated Free-Flight Conditions .............................................. 24 Roger Remington, James Johnston, Eric Ruthruff, Maria Romera Evaluating Cockpit Display of Traffic Information Displays and Route Assessment Tools for a Free Flight Environment ................................................................................................................... 25 Vernol Battiste, Walter W. Johnson Cockpit Displays for Low-Visibility Taxiing .............................................................................................. 27 David Foyle, Elizabeth M. Wenzel, Durand R. Begault Multi-Sensor Image Registration ............................................................................................................... 29 Misha Pavel, Al Ahumada, Barbara Sweet Flow Visualization of a Full-Scale Rotor in Hover .................................................................................... 29 Benton H. Lau, Alan J. Wadcock, Gloria K. Yamauchi Skin-Friction Measurements on a Hovering Rotor..................................................................................... 30 Alan J. Wadcock, Gloria K. Yamauchi Rotor Data Correlation ............................................................................................................................. 31 Randall Peterson Canard Rotor/Wing Hover Test ................................................................................................................ 32 Stephen Swanson, John Madden In-flight Dynamic Stall Research .............................................................................................................. 34 Robert Kufeld, William Bousman Stall Control of Helicopter Rotors ............................................................................................................. 34 Khanh Q. Nguyen Apache AH-64D Flight Test Predictions ................................................................................................... 35 Earl P. N. Duque Rotor-Wake/Fuselage Interaction.............................................................................................................. 36 Paul M. Stremel Navier-Stokes Simulation of High-Lift Aerodynamics ............................................................................... 37 Karlin Roth, Stuart Rogers Lift-Jet Effects on Powered-Lift STOVL Model ........................................................................................... 38 Karlin Roth Vortex Core Detection for Computational Grid Refinement...................................................................... 38 David Kenwright iviv C ONTENTS Aeronautics Enterprise (continued) Global Civil Aviation/Affordability (continued) Wingtip Vortex Flows............................................................................................................................... 39 Jennifer Dacles-Mariani, Dochan Kwak Transonic Overset Potential Solver ........................................................................................................... 40 Terry Holst Real-Time Particle Tracing in Time-Varying Flows ................................................................................... 41 David Kenwright, David Kao NASA Metacenter .................................................................................................................................... 42 Mary Hultquist Portable Batch System .............................................................................................................................. 43 David Tweten Developing a Cluster Computer from Workstations .................................................................................. 43 Reese L. Sorenson Planar Doppler Velocimetry Using Pulsed Lasers ..................................................................................... 44 Robert L. McKenzie Pressure-Sensitive Paint and Photogrammetry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NASA Astrobiology Institute 2018 Annual Science Report
    A National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2018 Annual Science Report Table of Contents 2018 at the NAI 1 NAI 2018 Teams 2 2018 Team Reports The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory 6 of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets Lead Institution: NASA Ames Research Center Reliving the Past: Experimental Evolution of Major Transitions 18 Lead Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Origin and Evolution of Organics and Water in Planetary Systems 34 Lead Institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Icy Worlds: Astrobiology at the Water-Rock Interface and Beyond 46 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Habitability of Hydrocarbon Worlds: Titan and Beyond 60 Lead Institution: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Origins of Molecules in Diverse Space and Planetary Environments 72 and Their Intramolecular Isotope Signatures Lead Institution: Pennsylvania State University ENIGMA: Evolution of Nanomachines in Geospheres and Microbial Ancestors 80 Lead Institution: Rutgers University Changing Planetary Environments and the Fingerprints of Life 88 Lead Institution: SETI Institute Alternative Earths 100 Lead Institution: University of California, Riverside Rock Powered Life 120 Lead Institution: University of Colorado Boulder NASA Astrobiology Institute iii Annual Report 2018 2018 at the NAI In 2018, the NASA Astrobiology Program announced a plan to transition to a new structure of Research Coordination Networks, RCNs, and simultaneously planned the termination of the NASA Astrobiology Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Constraining Prebiotic Chemistry Through a Better Understanding of Earth’S Earliest Environments
    Constraining prebiotic chemistry through a better understanding of Earth’s earliest environments Timothy W. Lyons (University of California, Riverside), Phone: 951-827-3106, Email: [email protected] Co-authors: Karyn Rogers (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy (Scripps Research Institute), Loren Williams (Georgia Institute of Technology), Simone Marchi (Southwest Research Institute), Edward Schwieterman (Univ. of California, Riverside), Dustin Trail (Univ. of Rochester), Noah Planavsky (Yale Univ.), Christopher Reinhard (Georgia Institute of Technology) Co-signatories: Vladimir Airapetian (NASA GSFC/American Univ.), Jan Amend (Univ. of Southern California), Ariel Anbar (Arizona State Univ.), Jose Aponte (NASA GSFC/Catholic Univ. of America), Giada Arney (NASA GSFC), Laura Barge (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology), Steven Benner (Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution), Roy Black (Univ. of Washington), Dennis Bong (Ohio State Univ.), Donald Burke-Aguero (Univ. of Missouri), Jeffrey Catalano (Washington Univ.), David Catling (Univ. of Washington), George Cody (Carnegie Institution for Science), Jason Dworkin (NASA GSFC), Jamie Elsila (NASA GSFC), Paul Falkowski (Rutgers Univ.), Daniel Glavin (NASA GSFC), Heather Graham (NASA GSFC/Catholic Univ. of America), Nicholas Hud (Georgia Institute of Technology), James Kasting (Penn State Univ.), Sarah Keller (Univ. of Washington), Jun Korenaga (Yale Univ.), Ravi Kumar Kopparapu (NASA GSFC), Susan Lang (Univ. of South Carolina),
    [Show full text]
  • A Search for Amino Acids and Nucleobases in the Martian Meteorite Roberts Massif 04262 Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150001268 2020-01-04T14:26:43+00:00Z Meteoritics & Planetary Science 48, Nr 5, 786–795 (2013) doi: 10.1111/maps.12103 A search for amino acids and nucleobases in the Martian meteorite Roberts Massif 04262 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Michael P. CALLAHAN1*, Aaron S. BURTON2, Jamie E. ELSILA1, Eleni M. BAKER3, Karen E. SMITH4, Daniel P. GLAVIN1, and Jason P. DWORKIN1 1National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center and The Goddard Center for Astrobiology, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA 2NASA Postdoctoral Program Administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA 3Bullis School, 10601 Falls Road, Potomac, Maryland 20854, USA 4Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 14 October 2012; revision accepted 30 January 2013) Abstract–The investigation into whether Mars contains signatures of past or present life is of great interest to science and society. Amino acids and nucleobases are compounds that are essential for all known life on Earth and are excellent target molecules in the search for potential Martian biomarkers or prebiotic chemistry. Martian meteorites represent the only samples from Mars that can be studied directly in the laboratory on Earth. Here, we analyzed the amino acid and nucleobase content of the shergottite Roberts Massif (RBT) 04262 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We did not detect any nucleobases above our detection limit in formic acid extracts; however, we did measure a suite of protein and nonprotein amino acids in hot-water extracts with high relative abundances of b-alanine and c-amino-n-butyric acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientists Reproduce a Building Block of Life in Laboratory 6 November 2009
    Scientists Reproduce a Building Block of Life in Laboratory 6 November 2009 Nuevo is the lead author of a research paper titled “Formation of Uracil from the Ultraviolet Photo- Irradiation of Pyrimidine in Pure Water Ices,” Astrobiology vol. 9 no. 7, published Oct. 1, 2009. NASA Ames scientists have been simulating the environments found in interstellar space and the outer solar system for years. During this time, they have studied a class of carbon-rich compounds, called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been identified in meteorites, and are the most common carbon-rich compound observed The molecular structures of pyrimidine and uracil. in the universe. PAHs typically are six-carbon ringed structures that resemble fused hexagons, or a piece of chicken wire. (PhysOrg.com) -- NASA scientists studying the Pyrimidine also is found in meteorites, although origin of life have reproduced uracil, a key scientists still do not know its origin. It may be component of our hereditary material, in the similar to the carbon-rich PAHs, in that it may be laboratory. produced in the final outbursts of dying, giant red stars, or formed in dense clouds of interstellar gas NASA scientists studying the origin of life have and dust. reproduced uracil, a key component of our hereditary material, in the laboratory. They “Molecules like pyrimidine have nitrogen atoms in discovered that an ice sample containing their ring structures, which makes them somewhat pyrimidine exposed to ultraviolet radiation under whimpy. As a less stable molecule, it is more space-like conditions produces this essential susceptible to destruction by radiation, compared to ingredient of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Mass Spectrometric Detection of Extraterrestrial SPECIAL FEATURE Aromatic Molecules: Mini-Review and Examination of Pulsed Heating Effects
    Laser mass spectrometric detection of extraterrestrial SPECIAL FEATURE aromatic molecules: Mini-review and examination of pulsed heating effects Maegan K. Spencer, Matthew R. Hammond, and Richard N. Zare* Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 Edited by Fred W. McLafferty, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved May 20, 2008 (received for review February 28, 2008) Laser mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the sensitive, removed during desorption, minimally altering the sample and selective, and spatially resolved analysis of organic compounds in permitting subsequent analyses with other techniques. For ex- extraterrestrial materials. Using microprobe two-step laser mass traterrestrial materials, which are rare and tend to have low spectrometry (␮L2MS), we have explored the organic composition organic concentrations, this technique is quite advantageous. of many different exogenous materials, including meteorites, in- We have applied two-step laser MS to detect extraterrestrial terplanetary dust particles, and interstellar ice analogs, gaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a microprobe significant insight into the nature of extraterrestrial materials. laser-desorption laser-ionization MS (␮L2MS). These aromatic Recently, we applied ␮L2MS to analyze the effect of heating caused compounds likely represent a considerable portion of interstellar by hypervelocity particle capture in aerogel, which was used on the organic carbon (5, 6) and have been identified in many exoge- NASA Stardust Mission to capture comet particles. We show that nous samples (7). In this article we first present a minireview of this material exhibits complex organic molecules upon sudden previous ␮L2MS studies of extraterrestrial samples, including heating. Similar pulsed heating of carbonaceous materials is shown meteorites, IDPs, and interstellar ice analogs, in this laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Scott A. Sandford– PI NASA Ames Research Center
    Scott A. Sandford – PI NASA Ames Research Center NAI Executive Council Meeting, November 17-18, 2014! USC, Los Angeles, California 1! Team Members Team members come from a diversity of institutions: • NASA Ames Research Center • Scott Sandford – PI and Laboratory Module • Louis Allamandola – Laboratory Module • Andy Mattioda – Laboratory Module • Timothy Lee – Quantum Chemistry Module • Partha Bera – Quantum Chemistry Module • 1.5 postdocs (TBD) and 3 summer interns from Langston University • SETI - Uma Gorti – Disk Modeling Module • 1 NPP postdoc • UC Santa Cruz – Gregory Laughlin – Exoplanet Observations • 1 graduate student •UC Berkeley – Martin Head-Gordon – Quantum Chemistry Module • 1 graduate student • Universiteit Leiden – Xander Tielens – Collaborator with the Dutch Astrochemistry Network 2! Three Tasks Focused on the Formation and Evolution of Organics in Astrophysical Settings 3! Task 1 - Disk Modeling Studies and Exoplanet Observations We will use exoplanet and protoplanetary observations and disk thermochemical and dynamical models to study the formation and evolution of organics in disks in: (i) the anhydrous inner terrestrial planet forming regions (high densities, irradiation due to UV and X-ray photons, mostly dry dust grain surfaces), and (ii) the outer hydrous regions where H2O ice-dominated grains in shielded cold regions lead to different surface chemistry and disk chemical evolution. 4! Disk Modeling Studies and Exoplanet Observations • Dynamic modeling will be used with chemical network models (from laboratory results and quantum chemical computations) to track the abundances of species as they form, alter, and are transported in the disk as it evolves. • Modeling of disk conditions will predict expected line emission signatures for comparison with observations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Astrobiology Institute Annual Science Report 2016 Team Report: The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets, NASA Ames Research Center The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory of Protoplanetary Disk and Primordial Planets Lead Institution: NASA Ames Research Center Team Overview The Evolution of Prebiotic Chemical Complexity and the Organic Inventory of Protoplanetary Disks and Primordial Planets Team seeks a greater understanding of the chemical processes that occur at every stage in the evolution of organic chemical complexity, from quiescent regions of dense molecular clouds, through all stages of disk and planet formation, and ultimately to the materials that rain down on planets. The effort is an integrated, coherent program involving the interaction of a number of well-integrated research projects: • Modeling and observations of protoplanetary disks • Modeling and observations of exoplanets • Laboratory studies of gas-grain chemistry • Laboratory studies of ice photolysis • Computational quantum chemistry Principal Investigator: Scott Sandford These projects interact closely with each other so that each benefits from advances made in the others and helps guide future work. For example, the modeling of the chemistry that takes place in protostellar disks benefits from inputs provided by spectral, physical, and chemical properties of molecules determined by the laboratory and computational projects, but also provides guidance for key areas of future computational and laboratory work. Similarly, the computational studies can be used to help interpret laboratory results and extend them to additional materials or environments, while the lab results can provide confirmation of computational reaction paths.
    [Show full text]
  • First Life: Discovering the Connections Between Stars
    FIRST LIFE DDeamer_FM_pi-x.inddeamer_FM_pi-x.indd i 22/8/11/8/11 33:48:54:48:54 PPMM THE PUBLISHER GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE GENER- OUS SUPPORT OF THE GENERAL ENDOWMENT FUND OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS FOUNDATION. DDeamer_FM_pi-x.inddeamer_FM_pi-x.indd iiii 22/8/11/8/11 33:48:55:48:55 PPMM FIRST LIFE Discovering the Connections between Stars, Cells, and How Life Began David Deamer UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London DDeamer_FM_pi-x.inddeamer_FM_pi-x.indd iiiiii 22/8/11/8/11 33:48:55:48:55 PPMM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2011 by David Deamer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Deamer, D. W. First life : Discovering the Connections between stars, cells, and how life began / David Deamer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-25832-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Exobiology. 2. Life—Origin. 3. Evolution (Biology) I. Title. QH326.D43 2011 576.8'3—dc22 2010035393 Manufactured in the United States of America 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Analysis of the Organic Component of Comet Dust*
    ANRV362-AC01-18 ARI 13 May 2008 8:46 Terrestrial Analysis of the Organic Component of Comet Dust∗ Scott A. Sandford Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2008. 1:549–78 Key Words by Dr. Scott Sandford on 06/19/08. For personal use only. The Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry is online comets, organics, astrochemistry, spectroscopy, ices, astrobiology, at anchem.annualreviews.org meteorites, interplanetary dust particles This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113108 ${journal.abbrev} 2008.1:549-578. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org Abstract Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. The nature of cometary organics is of great interest, both because All rights reserved these materials are thought to represent a reservoir of the original 1936-1327/08/0719-0549$20.00 carbon-containing materials from which everything else in our solar ∗The U.S. Government has the right to retain a system was made and because these materials may have played key nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any roles in the origin of life on Earth. Because these organic materials copyright covering this paper. are the products of a series of universal chemical processes expected to operate in the interstellar media and star-formation regions of all galaxies, the nature of cometary organics also provides informa- tion on the composition of organics in other planetary systems and, by extension, provides insights into the possible abundance of life elsewhere in the universe. Our current understanding of cometary organics represents a synthesis of information from telescopic and spacecraft observations of individual comets, the study of meteoritic materials, laboratory simulations, and, now, the study of samples collected directly from a comet, Comet P81/Wild 2.
    [Show full text]
  • NAI 2004 SETI Team Annual Science Report ======
    Contents: 2004 SETI Executive Summary 2004 SETI Project Report 2004 SETI Member List 2004 SETI Publications 2005 SETI Executive Summary 2005 SETI Project Report 2005 SETI Member List 2005 SETI Publications 2006 SETI Executive Summary 2006 SETI Project Report 2006 SETI Member List 2006 SETI Publications 2007 SETI Executive Summary 2007 SETI Project Report 2007 SETI Member List 2007 SETI Publications 2008 SETI Executive Summary 2008 SETI Project Reports (9) 2008 SETI Member List 2008 SETI Publications NAI 2004 SETI Team Annual Science Report ======================================== Executive Summary ================= The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap asks three fundamental questions: (1) How does life begin and evolve? (2) Does life exist elsewhere in the universe? and (3) What is the future of life on Earth and beyond? The SETI Institute NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) team is conducting a set of coupled research projects in the co-evolution of life and its planetary environment. These projects begin by examining certain fundamental ancient transitions that ultimately made complex life possible on Earth. They will conclude with a synthesis that will bring many of the team's investigations together into an examination of the suitability of planets orbiting M stars for either single- celled or more complex life. The astrobiology roadmap calls for a strategy "for recognizing novel biosignatures" that "ultimately should accommodate a diversity of habitable conditions, biota and technologies in the universe that probably exceeds the diversity observed on Earth." Some of our results, especially those concerning abiotic mechanisms for the oxidation of planetary atmospheres, will speak to the interpretation of extrasolar planet atmospheric spectra (and in particular, the role of oxygen as a potential biosignature) in terms of the presence of photosynthesizing life.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts from the Second Astrobiology Science Conference
    International Journal of Astrobiology 1 (2): 87–176 (2002) Printed in the United Kingdom 87 DOI: 10.1017\S147355040200112X # 2002 Cambridge University Press Abstracts from the Second Astrobiology Science Conference NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA 7–11 April 2002 Keynote presentations Digital organisms for experimental evolution Life beneath glacial ice – Earth! Mars? Europa? C. Adam $ Digital Life Laboratory; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Carlton C. Allen $ NASA Johnson Space Center, Stephen. E. Grasby $ California Institute of Technology Geological Survey of Canada, Teresa G. Longazo $ Hernandez Experiments in evolution are difficult for all the obvious reasons: the Engineering, John T. Lisle $ United States Geological Survey, Benoit process is slow (such that macroevolutionary events occur only on a Beauchamp $ Geological Survey of Canada time scale of thousands to millions of years), and controlled conditions We are investigating a set of cold springs that deposit sulfur and are hard to establish. As a consequence, evolution has, in the past, been carbonate minerals on the surface of a Canadian arctic glacier. The mostly an observational and theoretical science, with little quantitative spring waters and mineral deposits contain microorganisms, as well as support. This has changed over the last decade, as more and more clear evidence that biological processes mediate subglacial chemistry, evolution experiments using microorganisms with short generational mineralogy, and isotope fractionation. The formation of native
    [Show full text]
  • Probabilities Nature
    Probability's Nature and Nature's Probability ( A Call to Scientific Integrity) By Donald E Johnson ©2009 Cover photographs © iStockphoto.com/Skip O'Donnell, Henrik Jonsson, David Marchal, and Jarek Szymanski. Earth image and galaxy spiral image courtesy NASA and reproduced with permission from AURA/STScl. Digital renditions of images produced by AURA/STScl are obtainable royalty-free. Cover design by Jessie Nilo Design + Illustration. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted without permission or as allowed by law. ISBN: 1-4392-2862-0 Booksurge Publishing Charleston, SC and Lexington, KY Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank his wife Kris and his daughter Jessie for their encouragement to write this book and their many suggestions during the creation of the book. Jessie's help with the cover design is also greatly appreciated. The author thanks the peer professionals who reviewed this book and offered invaluable suggestions for improvements and corrections of errors. Those professionals include: Physics Professor Earl Blodgett, University of Wisconsin- River Falls Biology Professor Jurgen Ziesmann, Azusa Pacific University Computer Science Professor Lyle Reibling, Azusa Pacific University Electrical Engineering Manager Patrick Gustafson, Prairie Technologies Research Biologist Dr Richard C. Vogt, INP A- Brazil Mathematics Professor Granville Sewell, University Texas- El Paso Physician Gregory Viehman, MD Comments or suggestions for error corrections or improvements sent to [email protected] will be greatly
    [Show full text]