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People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E
PEOPLE FOR PROFIT People for Profit North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker & Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Contributors Jan Blinka Britt C.H. Blom Marte C.H. Boonen Klara Boonstra Rosa Brandse Remco E. Breuker Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen Larissa van den Herik Tycho A. van der Hoog Marieke P. Meurs Cedric Ryngaert Shannon R. Stewart Anoma P. van der Veere This is an open source publication by LeidenAsiaCentre. Copyright © 2018 (authors). People for Profit: North Korean Forced Labour on a Global Scale Edited by Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen ISBN 978-90-826167-1-2 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-826167-3-6 (e-book) LeidenAsiaCentre is an independent research centre affiliated with Leiden University and made possible by a grant from the Vaes Elias Fund. The centre focuses on academic research with direct application to society. All research projects are conducted in close cooperation with a wide variety of partners from Dutch society. More information can be found on our website: www.leidenasiacentre.nl For contact or orders: [email protected] M. de Vrieshof 3, 2311 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands Book design: A.P. van der Veere Contents Contributors IX Acknowledgements XII Introduction Remco E. Breuker and Imke B.L.H. van Gardingen 1 Chapter I Setting the Background: Labour Conditions in the DPRK Remco E. Breuker 6 Chapter II Accountability for DPRK Workers in the Value Chain: The Case of Partner Shipyard, a Polish Shipbuilder and its Dutch Partners Imke B.L.H. -
Special Report No
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 490 | FEBRUARY 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE w w w .usip.org North Korea in Africa: Historical Solidarity, China’s Role, and Sanctions Evasion By Benjamin R. Young Contents Introduction ...................................3 Historical Solidarity ......................4 The Role of China in North Korea’s Africa Policy .........7 Mutually Beneficial Relations and Shared Anti-Imperialism..... 10 Policy Recommendations .......... 13 The Unknown Soldier statue, constructed by North Korea, at the Heroes’ Acre memorial near Windhoek, Namibia. (Photo by Oliver Gerhard/Shutterstock) Summary • North Korea’s Africa policy is based African arms trade, construction of owing to African governments’ lax on historical linkages and mutually munitions factories, and illicit traf- sanctions enforcement and the beneficial relationships with African ficking of rhino horns and ivory. Kim family regime’s need for hard countries. Historical solidarity re- • China has been complicit in North currency. volving around anticolonialism and Korea’s illicit activities in Africa, es- • To curtail North Korea’s illicit activ- national self-reliance is an under- pecially in the construction and de- ity in Africa, Western governments emphasized facet of North Korea– velopment of Uganda’s largest arms should take into account the histor- Africa partnerships. manufacturer and in allowing the il- ical solidarity between North Korea • As a result, many African countries legal trade of ivory and rhino horns and Africa, work closely with the Af- continue to have close ties with to pass through Chinese networks. rican Union, seek cooperation with Pyongyang despite United Nations • For its part, North Korea looks to China, and undercut North Korean sanctions on North Korea. -
Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney
Articles How Authoritarian Regimes Maintain Domain Consensus: North Korea’s Information Strategies in the Kim Jong-un Era Adam Cathcart, Christopher Green, and Steven Denney Te Review of Korean Studies Volume 17 Number 2 (December 2014): 145-178 ©2014 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 146 Te Review of Korean Studies Pyongyang’s Strategic Shift North Korea is a society under constant surveillance by the apparatuses of state, and is a place where coercion—often brutal—is not uncommon.1 However, this is not the whole story. It is inaccurate to say that the ruling hereditary dictatorship of the Kim family exerts absolute control purely by virtue of its monopoly over the use of physical force. The limitations of state coercion have grown increasingly evident over the last two decades. State-society relations in North Korea shifted drastically when Kim Jong-il came to power in the 1990s. It was a time of famine, legacy politics, state retrenchment, and the rise of public markets; the state’s coercive abilities alternated between dissolution and coalescence as the state sought to co-opt and control the marketization process, a pattern which continued until Kim Jong-il’s death in 2011 (Kwon and Chung 2012; Hwang 1998; Hyeon 2007; Park 2012). Those relations have moved still further under Kim Jong- un.2 Tough Kim’s rise to the position of Supreme Leader in December 2011 did not precipitate—as some had hoped—a paradigmatic shift in economic or political approach, the state has been extremely active in the early years of his era, responding to newfound domestic appreciation of North Korea’s situation in both the region and wider world. -
Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Glorious History of the Korean Children’S Union Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today
Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Glorious History of the Korean Children’s Union Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today DEMOCRATIC PEOPLe’S REPUBLIC OF JUCHE 110 KOREA (2021) 6 (786) CONTENTS Qingtian Stone Sculpture Special Report 2 ∥ General Secretary Kim Jong Un Saw Plain Sailing Performance of Art Groups of KPA Officers’ Wives 4 ∥ General Secretary Kim Jong Un Had a Photo Session with Participants in the Tenth Congress of the Youth League 6 ∥ Tenth Congress of the Youth League Held Commemoration 12 12 ∥ Glorious History of the Korean Children’s Union 22 ∥ Scenes of June Etched in the History of World Diplomacy ∙ Promoting the DPRK-China Friendship to a Higher Level ∙ DPRK-China Friendship That Will Last Forever on the Road of Socialism ∙ Epoch-making Meeting Heralding a New Chapter of DPRK-US Relations 36 Korea Today 36 ∥ Scenery of the Taedong River, Yesterday and Today 42 ∥ June 1 International Children’s Day 44 ∥ Happy Children 52 ∥ Loud Whistles of School Train 56 ∥ 13 000 Hectares of Tideland Reclaimed 60 ∥ After a Day’s Work 66 ∥ Acrobatic Performance Full of Laughter and Optimism 44 Folklore & Culture 72 ∥ People Performing Traditional Mask Dance 78 ∥ Sustaining the Tradition of Manufacturing National Musical Instruments Sports 86 ∥ Pyongyang International Football School Gift presented to General Secretary Kim Jong Un by the then Nature State Councillor and Minister of Public Security of the 92 ∥ Mt Myohyang 72 People’s Republic of China (February 14, 2011) Editors: Sin Jae Chol, Kim Jong Chol, So Chol Nam, FRONT COVER: On a trip for nature study Kim Kyu Song, Sung Ryong Photo: Pang Un Sim, Hong Kwang Nam 1 2021. -
Christmas in North Korea
Christmas in North Korea Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi With contributions from Talha Jilani Asad Alamgir Guven Uzun Suleman Khan Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Adnan I. Qureshi All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5054-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5054-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contributors .............................................................................................. x Preface ...................................................................................................... xi 1. The Journey to North Korea ............................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction to the Korean Peninsula 1.2. Tour to North Korea 1.3. Introduction to The Pyongyang Times 1.4. Arrival at Pyongyang International Airport 2. Brief History ........................................................................................ 32 2.1. The ‘Three Kingdom’ and ‘Later Three Kingdom’ periods 2.2. Goryeo kingdom 2.3. Joseon kingdom 2.4. Japanese occupation 2.5. Complete Japanese control 2.6. Post-Japanese occupation 2.7. The Korean War 3. Contemporary North Korea .............................................................. 58 3.1. The first communist dynasty and its challenges 3.2. The changing face of the communist economic structure 3.3. Nuclear power 3.4. Rocket technology 3.5. Life amidst sanctions 3.6. Mineral resources 3.7. Mutual defense treaties 3.8. Governmental structure of North Korea 3.9. -
Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: the Role of the Moranbong Band
Article Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: The Role of the Moranbong Band Pekka KORHONEN and Adam CATHCART The Review of Korean Studies Volume 20 Number 2 (December 2017): 7-32 ©2017 by the Academy of Korean Studies. All rights reserved. 8 The Review of Korean Studies Introduction North Korea continues to maintain its position in the global media spotlight, having attained an almost magnetic status more central than the size and wealth of the state would ostensibly warrant. Much of this has to do with the fact that it is both an agent and the target of continuous propaganda war, the Korean peninsula being one of the main theatres where the increasing military tension in East Asia is played out. Rounds of tightening multilateral and unilateral sanctions by the United Nations and individual states create continuous speculation of a possible collapse of the North Korean regime, but its staying power has been surprising over the decades. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was officially founded in 1948, making it now 69 years old. There must be reasons why it does not easily collapse, and the usual propagandistic explanations of repression, surveillance, information control, and harsh punishments are not satisfactory as the sole reasons (Eberstadt 2013). Significant changes are taking place in the society. This is what observers of North Korean economy have been arguing already for years (Smith 2015, 260- 93; Lankov and Kim 2008; Lankov 2015), but changes are occurring also in the cultural sphere. North Korea as a distinct society already has traditions spanning over three generations, and with them the state has a proven order and a certain legitimacy, which helps in understanding its resilience even against the collective will of the rest of the world. -
Understanding Korea 8 Tourism & Investment
UNDERSTANDING KOREA 8 TOURISM & INVESTMENT PYONGYANG, KOREA Juche 106 (2017) UNDERSTANDING KOREA 8 TOURISM & INVESTMENT Foreign Languages Publishing House Pyongyang, Korea Juche 106 (2017) CONTENTS 1. Tourism Resources.................................................1 2. Major Tourist Attractions .......................................1 3. Pyongyang, a Tourist Destination...........................2 4. Monumental Structures in Pyongyang....................2 5. Grand Monument on Mansu Hill............................2 6. Tower of the Juche Idea..........................................3 7. Monument to Party Founding .................................4 8. Chollima Statue.......................................................5 9. Arch of Triumph .....................................................6 10. Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum and Monument to the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War ....................7 11. Monument to the Three Charters for National Reunification......................................8 12. Parks and Pleasure Grounds in Pyongyang.............9 13. Moran Hill ............................................................10 14. Kaeson Youth Park ...............................................10 15. Rungna People’s Pleasure Ground........................11 16. Pyongyang, a Time-Honoured City ......................12 17. Royal Tombs in Pyongyang..................................13 18. Mausoleum of King Tangun................................. 13 19. Mausoleum of King Tongmyong.......................... 14 20. -
North Korean Political Prison Camps Starts with the So-Called “August Faction Incident” in 1956
North Korean Prison Camps Radio Free Asia Radio Free Asia Copyright: 2016 by Radio Free Asia . Table Of Contents Chapter 1 Prison Camps from Hell ..................................................................................................................... 2 1) What are Political Prison Camps? ........................................................................................................... 2 2) Testimonies of Former Prisoners ............................................................................................................. 2 3) North Korea Keeps its Political Prison Camps Secret ............................................................................ 3 4) Names Used by North Korea to Disguise the Camps ............................................................................ 4 5) The Intensity of Labor and the Guilt-By-Association System .............................................................. 4 Chapter 2 What is My Crime? ............................................................................................................................ 6 1) Total Control Zones and Revolutionizing Zones .................................................................................. 6 2) Nine Years of Imprisonment as No.1 Criminal ..................................................................................... 6 3) Christians All Go to Prison Camps ......................................................................................................... 8 4) Preposterous Espionage Charges and Passed-Down -
DPRK April Itinerary 2014
North Korea: Beyond the Bamboo Curtain April 11 – 22, 2014 • April 11: Beijing Holiday Inn Express Beijing Dongzhimen 7 PM Meet in the hotel lobbies for group transportation to local restaurant (traditional Beijing cuisine). • April 12: Beijing - Pyongyang 10:45 AM meet in the hotel lobby for transfer to the Beijing International Airport. DPRK visas will be handed out at this time. Departure from Beijing (PEK) terminal 2 Flight #JS152 at 1 PM – Arrive in Pyongyang at 4 PM The guides from the KISTC (Korean International Sport Travel Company) will meet the group after the immigration procedure On the way to the Yanggakdo International Hotel we will stop to see the Arch of Triumph. Welcome dinner and Kaeson Amusement Park • April 13: Pyongyang – Mount Myohyang Drive to Mount Myohyang Take a brief hike up the mountain. Visit the International Friendship Exhibition that houses gifts given to the Kim leaders. Enjoy the Mountain View over tea/coffee. Visit the ancient Buddhist Pohyon Temple and return to Pyongyang • April 14: Pyongyang – Nampho - Pyongyang Drive to the western port city of Nampho Stop at the West Sea Barrage, an impressive system of dams built in five years across a 8-kilometer section of rough sea. Visit to the Chongsanri Cooperative Farm, where we will be able to meet a farm caretaker and discuss with him about DPRK's agricultural sector and developments in agricultural policies. In the afternoon return to Pyongyang for a walking tour of Pyongyang along the Kim Il Sung square and the Taedong River Promenade. Dinner on the river • April 15: Kim Il Sung Birthday Celebrations in Pyongyang Start the day with a viewing at the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, which houses the preserved bodies of late leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il (formal dress is required for this event). -
May Day Short Tour May Day Is One of the Best Times to Visit North Korea
May Day Short Tour May Day is one of the best times to visit North Korea during the calendar year for the fine weather and festivities. Also known as International Workers’ Day, or Labour Day, the May Day celebration is a day off and locals take to the outdoors for picnics, dancing, and sports - and you can join in too! In Pyongyang, there is an annual festival held at Mt. Taesong with musical performances and traditional folk games. Spring is in the air and May Day offers a good chance to meet the locals and learn about everyday leisure in North Korea. In addition to the highlights of the North Korean capital Pyongyang and taking a day trip out to visit historic Kaesong and the DMZ, we’ll have time for walks in the city, dining at Pyongyang’s most famous restaurant, shopping at the local Kwangbok supermarket, a picnic lunch. Plus, a volleyball game against a Korean company team. Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in North Korea and almost every company, school, office, section, or unit has a team! See if you can beat them! The Experts in Travel to Rather Unusual Destinations. [email protected] | +86 10 6416 7544 | www.koryotours.com 27 Bei Sanlitun Nan, Chaoyang District, 100027, Beijing, China The Experts in Travel to Rather Unusual Destinations. [email protected] | +86 10 6416 7544 | www.koryotours.com 27 Bei Sanlitun Nan, Chaoyang District, 100027, Beijing, China Download our new (and free!) Koryo Tours North Korea Guide Book for full descriptions of locations on the itinerary below. -
NKO 07 SS R6.Indd
Inside North Korea August 26–September 6, 2006 WALTER KEATS WALTER KEATS This fall, for the fourth time in 50 years, American tourists will be welcomed Highlights across the highly restricted borders of North Korea. Embracing this rare opportunity—and the true spirit of educational travel—Cal Discoveries/Bear • Attend the “Arirang Grand Mass Gymnastic and Artistic Performance,” Treks invites you along for a glimpse of the so-called “Hermit Kingdom.” a mesmerizing display of 100,000 Fertile ground for political scientists and historians, North Korea offers a performers moving in collective transformative travel experience for anyone curious artistic harmony. about the world around us. Dr. Patrick Hatcher, a military historian and popular lecturer, will accompany the group and share his knowledge and • At Mount Myohyang, visit a restored insights of the area. Buddhist temple amid a region of peaceful trails and waterfalls. Our tour is based in the capital of Pyongyang, where striking marble • Call at “Truce Village”—Panmunjom, monuments tower above wide boulevards nearly empty of traffic. Outside the where the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) city lies an unexpectedly serene landscape of sprawling hills, rugged mountains, separates North and South Korea as and farmers ploughing the world’s last remaining Cold War border. their fields with oxen. Of course, it is the • Take an elevator to the top of the people of North Korea � � � � � Juche Tower, the world’s tallest stone that make the country tower and a monument to the distinctly � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � unique. Our 12-day North Korean ideology of national self- reliance. ������������ tour begins and ends in Beijing, where we ��������� • Survey the relics of an ancient Korean ����� ��������� ������� will meet to discuss � � � � � kingdom at the Koryo Museum in � � � � � our experience in Kaesong, then have lunch at the � � � � � � � � � � candid conversations Kaesong Folklore Hotel. -
North Korean Realism, Conservatism and Ultranationalist Propaganda
ESSAY, 14 December 2016 North Korean Realism, conservatism and ultranationalist propaganda Culture and the aesthetic theory of Juche: a journey around North Korea through cinema, propaganda, human rights, graphic novels and contemporary art. AUTHOR: Dario Giovanni Alì In 2013, the United Nations Human Rights Council set up a committee of inquiry with the aim of shedding light on the current humanitarian emergency in North Korea, accused of committing numerous human and civil rights violations against its population. The accounts of refugees and the documents that have been gathered have led to a report of 372 pages in which the committee provides a detailed list of examples of discrimination and acts of violence. Besides the usual and, sadly, well-known forms of repression used by totalitarian regimes (social exclusion policies, kidnapping, torture, summary executions, etc.), the report does offer insights into an aspect that was unknown to the rest of the world until only a few years ago: the structure and organisation of North Korean society. Songbun Although the principles of equality and non-discrimination are enshrined in its constitution, North Korean society is organised into a system of 5 social castes (subdivided, in their turn, into 51 sub-categories), each of which enjoys specific privileges or restrictions on the basis of political, social and economic criteria. This system, which has a decisive effect on citizens’ lives, is called Songbun and serves to create a small ruling class that ensures the stability of the Kim dynasty, which has been in power since the foundation of the state (1948). People born into a family with a high degree of songbun will be assured a better quality of life from birth: they will almost certainly live in Pyongyang (where the country’s elite live), attend the best schools and universities, have the right to better healthcare and will probably obtain a prestigious position in society.