Oedo Line Station Design and Public Art
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F New Lines and Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo eature Oedo Line Station Design and Public Art Toru Hiraide plus a 28-km loop encircling Tokyo’s smaller rolling stock. Furthermore, a Outline of Oedo Line central business district (CBD) and linear motor drive (running on steel connecting the western commercial, wheels) was used to negotiate the required When the 41-km long Oedo Line was southern waterfront, eastern old sharp curves (100-m radius min.) and opened fully on 12 December 2000, it downtown, and northern cultural areas. steep grades (55 per mill max.). became Tokyo’s first loop subway. As a result, the architecture of each station Construction took 8 years from 1992 until Although it is now the twelfth of 13 and its public art largely reflects the local December 2000 and there are 44 subway lines in the Tokyo Metropolitan characteristics of each area. intersections with other railways including Area (Fig. 1), it is still a hot topic of Since the line consists of a large main loop newly planned lines. No less than 200 discussion because the designers went far with ‘side handle,’ its nature is somewhat large-scale urban facilities had to be beyond traditional station concepts by different from Tokyo’s predominantly protected during construction and the introducing a full-scale architectural radial lines carrying large numbers of excavation depth went as deep as 47 m. design including public art as described commuters between the suburbs and The works were technically very difficult in this article. central Tokyo during the morning and and pioneering techniques were used to The line runs through six of Tokyo’s evening rush hours. As a result, to avoid shorten the construction period and subcentres (Fig. 2) each characterized by the many underground obstructions along overcome the difficult conditions, making different urban activities. The line has a the route in central Tokyo, the the entire line an exhibit for underground 13-km radial section connecting the specifications for conventional lines were engineering technologies. north-western residential area with the modified to permit building of a smaller business area around the Shinjuku hub, cross-section tunnel (Fig. 3) operating Figure 1 Tokyo’s Rapid Transit Network B 7 C 6 13 12 7 9 1 4 2 8 E07 E08 3 E11 5 E06 13 11 4 12 E12 Shinjuku 4 10 10 E TTookyokyo 12 E14 10 9 11 E24 E17 3 6 D 5 12 2 E22 E21 E18 8 9 7 E19 11 E20 D 1 Ring part (28.8 km) A Radial part (13.9 km) F 1 – 13 Subway lines A – F Other rapid transit lines 1. Tokyo Metropolitan Government 6. TMG Mita Line 12. TMG Oedo Line A. Tokyo Monorail (TMG) Asakusa Line 7. Tokyo Metro Namboku Line 13. Tokyo Metro No. 13 Line B. JR East Saikyo Line 2. Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line 8. Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line (under construction) C. Tsukuba Express 3. Tokyo Metro Ginza Line 9. Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line D. JR East Keiyo Line 4. Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line 10. TMG Shinjuku Line E. JR East Yamanote Line 5. Tokyo Metro Tozai Line 11.Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line F. To k y u To yoko Line 32 Japan Railway & Transport Review 42 • December 2005 Figure 2 Tokyo Subcentres Figure 3 Tunnel Sections of Oedo Line and Conventional Subway Served by Oedo Line 4.1 m 3.15 m Station Design and Public Art 2.5 m 2.8 m 4.3 m 6.2 m Expanding the conventional transport role 5.3 m 7.3 m of subways, the Oedo Line stations were Oedo Line Conventional Subway designed to enhance the culture and amenity of areas along the line and to stimulate citizens’ creativity. In addition, each station space was designed to ameliorate passengers’ feelings of confinement caused by the smaller size compared to conventional stations. Fifteen private architects were selected by screening 77 proposals and each was required to reflect the area’s characteristics in the station architecture as far as possible, while accounting for the basic functions needed by a subway station. Furthermore, space for artworks (public art), or so-called ‘space of ease,’ was designed into each station as an attempt to create a cultural underground environment; displayed works were selected from a large number of proposals. The rest of this article describes representative station designs and public artworks based on these design elements. Series 12000 for Oedo Line (Author) Functionality such as entrances, stairs, passages, boring spaces to give a sense of relief, platforms, etc., are segmented for easy peace and openness. First priority was given to the essential recognition and visual impressiveness. Shiodome Station (E19) is located in the requirement that passengers can use Moreover, feelings of depth and width are centre of a redevelopment area for a large- stations safely and comfortably. Spaces increased in potentially monotonous and scale business park. The area’s Japan Railway & Transport Review 42 • December 2005 33 New Lines and Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo Concourse at Shiodome Station (E19) (Author) Exit at Azabu-Juban Station (E22) (Author) characteristics are symbolized by two of information between people, future champions are expressed dynamically by colours: silver representing future development, etc.) are incorporated into the granite statues at Ryogoku Station prospects, and white representing an stations so that they can be cherished and (E12). The three stone objects represent international, sophisticated image. used by citizens and passengers as part of the yokozuna’s ceremonial entrance into Azabu-Juban Station (E22) is located in a the locality. the dojo ring. stylish popular uptown area with many The enamel-panel trackside wall at embassies and a high proportion of Kuramae Station (E11) represent the Infrastructure foreigners. The high-design-sense facades of warehouses on the nearby (Iidabashi Station) entrance using laminated glass for the Sumida River where there were many rice ceiling and upper walls gives the warehouses in the Edo period (1603– Although subways are gigantic, most of impression of the area’s future 1867) when government taxes were levied the structure cannot be seen directly. At development. in koku (about 5 bushels or 180 litres) of Iidabashi Station (E06), the hardly visible rice. This imagery presents a familiar station structure has been made as visible Area Characteristics and station that passengers can recognize from as possible. The intention was to build a Cultures the Kuramae symbology. station with exposed engineering Ryogoku is the centre of sumo, Japan’s structures that passengers would not Areas with strong characteristics demand national sport. The history and normally see to expose the technologies highly symbolic features. Area permanence of sumo, and the beauty and and mechanisms of the modern subway. characteristics (history, culture, exchange strength of the yokozuna grand This design indicates the future Trackside wall at Kuramae Station (E11) (Author) Abstract Statues at Ryogoku Station (E12) (Author) 34 Japan Railway & Transport Review 42 • December 2005 Platform at Iidabashi Station (E06) (Author) Station structure at Iidabashi Station (E06) (Author) possibilities of fusion between civil ahead of architectural finishes. Most engineering and architectural techniques. pillars have a concrete finish that The web-like framing called ‘web-frame’ emphasizes unity with surrounding space. serves both for illumination and ceiling where there is no finishing. It gives rhythm to monotonous sections like long stairs Colouring while its see-through structure is not oppressive. It also creates an image of To ameliorate any impressions of the transport and information networks confinement inherent in underground spreading across a city. spaces, basic colours are gentle The design adopted a sense of space. For monotones. However, different colours example, the platforms make direct use and designs are used purposely to of the shield tunnel structure and facilitate visual recognition and highlighted arch, which also expresses the emphasize spatial characteristics. strong sense of a large and deep urban For example, optical fibres and LEDs on the infrastructure. Improvements in back of bronze glass blocks at Akabanebashi construction accuracy and quality at Station (E21) are switched on and off by Iidabashi Station made it possible to put sensors to allude to the fireflies that were Escalator and stairs at Iidabashi Station (E06) underground civil engineering structures abundant in this hilly area. (Author) Art wall at Akabanebashi Station (E21) (Author) Stairway at Kasuga Station (E07) (Author) Japan Railway & Transport Review 42 • December 2005 35 New Lines and Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo The many entertainment and education calmness. Some materials were used as various industrial products produced there facilities near Kasuga Station (E07) are main design themes to create impressive during the high economic growth period symbolized by the red wavy ceilings full spaces where the beauty and massiveness were used to produce a work called Fossils of liveliness. of materials are felt strongly. On the other of 20th Century Culture. Out of hand, attempts were made to save environmental consideration, images of resources and energy by using substantial public transportation, automobiles, Materials amounts of recycled and minimum- industry, banking, computers, future maintenance materials. prospects, etc., have been created by One of the basic dasign specifications was Aoyama town has a high fashion sense attaching recycled steel plates and scrap that materials should be stainless and and sophisticated foreign image, leading materials