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U.S. EPA Approved Upper Ohio South TMDL Report

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U.S. EPA Approved Upper Ohio South TMDL Report Total Maximum Daily Loads for Selected Streams in the Upper Ohio South Watershed, West Virginia FINAL APPROVED REPORT September 2009 Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report CONTENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions................................................................................ vi Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... ix 1.0 Report Format....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 2.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads...................................................................................1 2.2 Water Quality Standards..........................................................................................4 3.0 Watershed Description and Data Inventory....................................................................5 3.1 Watershed Description.............................................................................................5 3.2 Data Inventory .........................................................................................................7 3.3 Impaired Waterbodies..............................................................................................9 4.0 Biological Impairment and Stressor Identification ......................................................13 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................13 4.2 Data Review...........................................................................................................13 4.3 Candidate Causes/Pathways...................................................................................14 4.4 Stressor Identification Results ...............................................................................16 5.0 Metals Source Assessment...............................................................................................21 5.1 Metals Point Sources..............................................................................................21 5.1.1 Mining Point Sources.................................................................................23 5.1.2 Non-mining Point Sources.........................................................................24 5.1.3 Construction Stormwater Permits..............................................................24 5.1.4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................26 5.2 Metals Nonpoint Sources.......................................................................................28 5.2.1 Abandoned Mine Lands.............................................................................28 5.2.2 SMCRA Bond Forfeiture Sites..................................................................28 5.2.3 Sediment Sources.......................................................................................30 6.0 pH Sources........................................................................................................................31 7.0 Chloride Sources ..............................................................................................................32 8.0 Fecal Coliform Source Assessment.................................................................................34 8.1 Fecal Coliform Point Sources ................................................................................34 8.1.1 Individual NPDES Permits ........................................................................34 8.1.2 Overflows...................................................................................................34 i Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report 8.1.3 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................34 8.1.4 General Sewage Permits ............................................................................35 8.2 Fecal Coliform Nonpoint Sources .........................................................................35 8.2.1 On-site Treatment Systems........................................................................35 8.2.2 Urban/Residential Runoff ..........................................................................37 8.2.3 Agriculture .................................................................................................37 8.2.4 Natural Background (Wildlife)..................................................................37 9.0 Sediment Source Assessment ..........................................................................................38 10.0 Modeling Process .............................................................................................................38 10.1 Model Selection .....................................................................................................38 10.2 Model Setup...........................................................................................................40 10.2.1 General MDAS Configuration...................................................................40 10.2.2 Iron and Sediment Configuration...............................................................42 10.2.3 Aluminum, Manganese and pH Configuration..........................................43 10.2.4 Chloride Configuration ..............................................................................44 10.2.5 Fecal Coliform Configuration....................................................................44 10.3 Hydrology Calibration ...........................................................................................44 10.4 Water Quality Calibration......................................................................................45 10.5 Modeling Technique for Biological Impairments with Sedimentation Stressors..46 10.6 Allocation Strategy ................................................................................................47 10.6.1 TMDL Endpoints.......................................................................................48 10.6.2 Baseline Conditions and Source Loading Alternatives .............................49 10.7 TMDLs and Source Allocations ............................................................................52 10.7.1 Total Iron TMDLs......................................................................................52 10.7.2 Dissolved Aluminum and pH TMDLs.......................................................54 10.7.3 Total Manganese TMDL............................................................................55 10.7.4 Fecal Coliform Bacteria TMDLs...............................................................55 10.7.5 Chloride TMDLs........................................................................................59 10.7.6 Seasonal Variation .....................................................................................59 10.7.7 Critical Conditions.....................................................................................59 10.7.8 TMDL Presentation ...................................................................................60 11.0 TMDL Results ..................................................................................................................61 12.0 Future Growth .................................................................................................................69 12.1 Iron, Aluminum and Manganese............................................................................69 12.2 Fecal Coliform Bacteria.........................................................................................70 12.3 Chloride..................................................................................................................70 13.0 Public Participation .........................................................................................................71 ii Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report 13.1 Public Meetings .....................................................................................................71 13.2 Public Notice and Public Comment Period ...........................................................71 13.3 Response Summary................................................................................................71 14.0 Reasonable Assurance .....................................................................................................73 14.1 NPDES Permitting.................................................................................................74 14.2 Watershed Management Framework Process........................................................75 14.3 Public Sewer Projects ............................................................................................76 14.4 AML Projects.........................................................................................................76 15.0 Monitoring Plan ...............................................................................................................77 15.1 NPDES Compliance...............................................................................................77 15.2 Nonpoint Source Project Monitoring.....................................................................77 15.3 TMDL Effectiveness Monitoring ..........................................................................77 16.0 References.........................................................................................................................78
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