Total Maximum Daily Loads for Selected Streams in the Upper Ohio South Watershed, West Virginia FINAL APPROVED REPORT September 2009 Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report CONTENTS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions................................................................................ vi Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... ix 1.0 Report Format....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 2.1 Total Maximum Daily Loads...................................................................................1 2.2 Water Quality Standards..........................................................................................4 3.0 Watershed Description and Data Inventory....................................................................5 3.1 Watershed Description.............................................................................................5 3.2 Data Inventory .........................................................................................................7 3.3 Impaired Waterbodies..............................................................................................9 4.0 Biological Impairment and Stressor Identification ......................................................13 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................13 4.2 Data Review...........................................................................................................13 4.3 Candidate Causes/Pathways...................................................................................14 4.4 Stressor Identification Results ...............................................................................16 5.0 Metals Source Assessment...............................................................................................21 5.1 Metals Point Sources..............................................................................................21 5.1.1 Mining Point Sources.................................................................................23 5.1.2 Non-mining Point Sources.........................................................................24 5.1.3 Construction Stormwater Permits..............................................................24 5.1.4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................26 5.2 Metals Nonpoint Sources.......................................................................................28 5.2.1 Abandoned Mine Lands.............................................................................28 5.2.2 SMCRA Bond Forfeiture Sites..................................................................28 5.2.3 Sediment Sources.......................................................................................30 6.0 pH Sources........................................................................................................................31 7.0 Chloride Sources ..............................................................................................................32 8.0 Fecal Coliform Source Assessment.................................................................................34 8.1 Fecal Coliform Point Sources ................................................................................34 8.1.1 Individual NPDES Permits ........................................................................34 8.1.2 Overflows...................................................................................................34 i Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report 8.1.3 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4).....................................34 8.1.4 General Sewage Permits ............................................................................35 8.2 Fecal Coliform Nonpoint Sources .........................................................................35 8.2.1 On-site Treatment Systems........................................................................35 8.2.2 Urban/Residential Runoff ..........................................................................37 8.2.3 Agriculture .................................................................................................37 8.2.4 Natural Background (Wildlife)..................................................................37 9.0 Sediment Source Assessment ..........................................................................................38 10.0 Modeling Process .............................................................................................................38 10.1 Model Selection .....................................................................................................38 10.2 Model Setup...........................................................................................................40 10.2.1 General MDAS Configuration...................................................................40 10.2.2 Iron and Sediment Configuration...............................................................42 10.2.3 Aluminum, Manganese and pH Configuration..........................................43 10.2.4 Chloride Configuration ..............................................................................44 10.2.5 Fecal Coliform Configuration....................................................................44 10.3 Hydrology Calibration ...........................................................................................44 10.4 Water Quality Calibration......................................................................................45 10.5 Modeling Technique for Biological Impairments with Sedimentation Stressors..46 10.6 Allocation Strategy ................................................................................................47 10.6.1 TMDL Endpoints.......................................................................................48 10.6.2 Baseline Conditions and Source Loading Alternatives .............................49 10.7 TMDLs and Source Allocations ............................................................................52 10.7.1 Total Iron TMDLs......................................................................................52 10.7.2 Dissolved Aluminum and pH TMDLs.......................................................54 10.7.3 Total Manganese TMDL............................................................................55 10.7.4 Fecal Coliform Bacteria TMDLs...............................................................55 10.7.5 Chloride TMDLs........................................................................................59 10.7.6 Seasonal Variation .....................................................................................59 10.7.7 Critical Conditions.....................................................................................59 10.7.8 TMDL Presentation ...................................................................................60 11.0 TMDL Results ..................................................................................................................61 12.0 Future Growth .................................................................................................................69 12.1 Iron, Aluminum and Manganese............................................................................69 12.2 Fecal Coliform Bacteria.........................................................................................70 12.3 Chloride..................................................................................................................70 13.0 Public Participation .........................................................................................................71 ii Upper Ohio South Watershed: TMDL Report 13.1 Public Meetings .....................................................................................................71 13.2 Public Notice and Public Comment Period ...........................................................71 13.3 Response Summary................................................................................................71 14.0 Reasonable Assurance .....................................................................................................73 14.1 NPDES Permitting.................................................................................................74 14.2 Watershed Management Framework Process........................................................75 14.3 Public Sewer Projects ............................................................................................76 14.4 AML Projects.........................................................................................................76 15.0 Monitoring Plan ...............................................................................................................77 15.1 NPDES Compliance...............................................................................................77 15.2 Nonpoint Source Project Monitoring.....................................................................77 15.3 TMDL Effectiveness Monitoring ..........................................................................77 16.0 References.........................................................................................................................78