Bioresources Technology Unit
Research Profile
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Foreword
The Bioresources Technology Unit was founded in 2007 and includes researchers each with at least 10 years of research experience in biodiversity utilization at BIOTEC. These scientists had established themselves internationally in the fields of microbial taxonomy and natural product chemistry and as members of this new unit their initial task was to strengthen cooperation and realign the focus of the members of this new group to work on the ex situ conservation and utilization of microorganisms. Although world-wide, survey, collection, identification and utilization of microorganisms are common research activities of research institutes, systematic exploration and subsequent discovery of useful compounds require a highly coordinated work environment to achieve rapid results.
The Unit now consists of scientists with expertise in a wide variety of fields ranging from microbial taxonomy, II ecology, molecular biology, chemistry and information technology. In addition, because government regulators are currently struggling to keep up with rapid changes in biotechnology and microbial resource management, legal experts are also incorporated into the Unit in order to define guidelines and conduct research on bioresources management in aspects that are not currently regulated by existing Thai laws.
Understanding biodiversity while advancing its utilization is a complex task. The Bioresources Technology Unit has demonstrated that with the efforts of many scientists working as a team and with partners both local and international, Thailand can discover under-explored and under-utilized microorganisms, as well as conserve them and harness their useful properties for the benefit of Thailand and others.
(Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara) Director National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Foreword
Bioresources Technology Unit (BTU) Microbes are important sources of various biological compounds and enzymes that are useful for humans, from food to essential therapeutic proteins. The Bioresources Technology Unit (BTU) was established in recognition of the need to explore the rich diversity of microorganisms in Thailand. Our main interests are thus to collect, identify, preserve and systematically utilize Thai-indigenous microorganisms. Several environmental challenges, including global warming underlie the urgency to collect and identify new microbial strains from environmental habitats all over Thailand. In the near future, the BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC) which currently houses more than 30,000 microbial strains will act as a Biological Resource Center (BRC). The BRC will not only continue its previous role as a depository of microbial strains, but will also provide other types of biological materials such as DNA, and all associated information. III
To maximize the bioresources’ potential, several systems for systematic storage of biological extracts and chemical libraries, together with semi-high throughput capability in conducting various biological assays have been established. Our bioresource management system set up in the unit allows us to speed up the vast amount of information. This will not only facilitate us in utilization of our resources efficiently, but also in connecting us to other leading research institutes. Over the past few years, BTU has also established several collaborations with world-leading pharma and biotechnological companies, e.g. Novartis for the scientific exchange of techniques and expertise. BTU also plays a role as a training hub for our neighboring countries in microbial preservation and identification. Our vision is to be a Center for bioresources research for this region.
(Dr. Lily Eurwilaichitr) Director Bioresources Technology Unit Page BIORESOURCES TECHNOLOGY UNIT • Introduction VI
BIORESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROGRAM 1. BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory (BCC) 15 The BCC Collections 15 Database Management 16 Services Provided 16 Award 17 Collaboration with Local Scientists 17 Collaboration with International Scientists 17 Research Staff 17 2. Biotechnology Law 18 Research Experiences 18 International and National Legal Developments 19 Collaboration with Local Scientists 19 Collaboration with International Scientists 19 Research Staff 19
DISCOVERY PROGRAM 1. Bioresources Research Laboratory (BRL) 21 Award 23 Contents Collaboration with Local Scientists 23 Collaboration with International Scientists 23 Technical Services 24 IV Research Staff 24 2. Bioassay Laboratory 25 Collaboration with Local Scientists 26 Collaboration with International Scientists 26 Research Staff 26 3. Enzyme Technology Laboratory 27 Enzyme Discovery 28 Optimization of Large-Scale Enzyme Production 29 Enzyme Application in Industry 29 Awards 30 Collaboration with Local Scientists 31 Collaboration with International Scientists 31 Research Staff 31 4. Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering 32 Laboratory Cultivation and Media Development Technology 32 Metabolic Product Optimization Technology 33 Bioprocess Development Technology 34 Collaboration with Local Scientists 35 Collaboration with International Scientists 35 Collaboration with Privates Sectors 35 Research Staff 35 5. Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory 36 Our Current Work in the Laboratory Involves: 36 Development of Cell-Surface Display Expression System Improvement of Protein Production 37 Development of Thai-Isolated New Yeast Strains as Alternative Host 37 Gene Expression in Lactobacillus 37 Collaboration 37 Collaboration with Local Scientists 38 Collaboration with International Scientists 38 Collaboration with Private Sector 38 Research Staff 38 Page 6. Microbial Engineering Laboratory 39 Exploration of Biocontrol Agents 40 Molecular Mechanism of Mosquito Larvicidal Toxins 40 Resistance Mechanism in Mosquito Larvae 41 Development of a host cell for Production of Insecticidal Proteins 41 Production of VIP3Aa for Effective Control of Insect Pests 42 Collaboration with Local Scientists 42 Collaboration with International Scientists 42 Research Staff 42
MICROORGANISM PROGRAM 1. Mycology laboratory 44 Biodiversity of Fungi in Thailand 44 Insect Fungi 45 Seed Decay Fungi 45 Coelomyceteous Fungi 45 Palm Fungi of a Peat Swamp Forest 46 Fungal Herbarium 46 Collaboration with Local Scientists 47 Collaboration with International Scientists 47 Research Staff 47 2. Phylogenetics Laboratory 48 Invertebrate-Pathogenic Fungi 48 Marine Fungi 48 Molecular Identification of Endophytic and Non-Sporulating Fungi which 49 Contents Produce Antimicrobial Subtances Saprophytic and Endophytic Fungi from Nypa fruticans 49 Aquatic Fungi 50 V Polyketide Synthases (PKS) 50 Awards 50 Collaboration with Local Scientists 51 Collaboration with International Scientists 51 Research Staff 51
INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM 1. The Information Systems Laboratory 53 Bioresource Data Management 53 Sharing and Networking Microbial Information Resources 55 Omics Data Analysis and Tools 56 Development of Interactive Training Digital Media 57 Award 58 Collaboration with International Scientists 58 Research Staff 58 2. Geoinformatics Laboratory 59 Ecosystems of the Bala Wildlife Sanctuary and Their Impact Assessment 59 Flora Survey in the Nature Trail of Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary 60 The Sugarcane (Saccharum) Spatial Database Development for Production 61 Improvement and Supply Management Biology Study and Pollen Distribution of Papaya by Computer Modeling with GIS system 61 Collaboration with Local Scientists 62 Collaboration with International Scientists 62 Research Staff 62 3. Ecology Laboratory 63 The Mo Singto Research Site 63 Smaller Research Plots 65 Future Research Directions 65 Awards 66 Collaboration with Local Scientists 66 Collaboration with International Scientists 66 Research Staff 66
Publication (2004-September 2009) 67 Bioresources Technology Unit
The Bioresources Research Program was established in 1996 with the focus on research and development of the preservation, utilization and conservation of bioresources. The program has a special emphasis on the utilization of biotechnology as a core technology to increase the value of commercial products, such as food and feed products, enzyme products, drug and bioactive compounds and bio-control products. Since the Program was established over a decade ago under the BIOTEC Central Research Unit, the program has generated a substantial amount of research output. In 2007, the Bioresources Research Program was separated from the BIOTEC Central Research unit to set up a new research unit called the Bioresources Technology Unit with the aim of conducting research focused on conservation and effective utilization of bioresources. The Bioresources Technology Unit is now the major research program of BIOTEC, taking up one-third of BIOTEC’s research staff whose research is coordinated to strongly support BIOTEC’s Bioresources Technology Program. The mission of the Bioresources Technology Unit is: i) to exploit the unique natural resources available in Thailand using biotechnologies to convert into value-added products required in the pharmaceutical, food
Introduction and feed, and enzyme industries ii) to develop both platform and innovative VI technologies to build national infrastructure and research and development on the utilization of bioresources. The vision is to become a leading bioresources technology research unit that promotes sustainable use of biodiversity for deriving high value added products and economic development.
Objectives
• The utilization of bioresources for high value added products such as enzymes, bio-control, food and feed for the benefit of agriculture and industry in the country. • To set up the state-of-the-art biotechnology research facilities for sustainable development of bioresources. • To build technology platforms to strengthen the national bioresources research and development capability. • To collaborate with other institutions/ organizations/ universities nationally and internationally in bioresources. The Bioresources Technology Unit houses 13 laboratories ranging from survey and identification of microorganisms, preservation, utilization, conservation and legal management of bioresources. This research unit is the most advanced bioresources research unit in Thailand as it is made up of researchers in different fields in order to utilize and scientifically manage biodiversity. Researchers in the unit are working together with the aim of using biotechnology to explore novel high value products, such as drugs and enzymes (Figure 1, 2). Areas of expertise include: • Taxonomy of microorganisms especially fungi, yeasts and actinomycetes • Developing throughput biological assays • Natural product chemistry • Pre-pilot scale production of commercially valuable bio-products • Enzyme discovery • Recombinant expression systems • Biodiversity and ecology of plant, animal and microorganism
Thailand National Culture Enzymes for Industry Collection (TNCC)
BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC) Screening for Enzymes (Enzyme technology laboratory) Microbe collection Phylogeny study (Mycology laboratory (Phylogenetics laboratory) and BCC)
Growing fungi Screening for Active Compounds (Fermentation technology and biochemical (Bioassay laboratory) engineering laboratory) Introduction VII Potential ‘Lead’ Compounds for Structure Elucidation and Modification Further Drug Development (Chemistry laboratory)
Figure 1 Diagram illustrating the connection of research activities between laboratories under the Bioresources Technology Research Program
Commercial Benefit
Structure Elucidation and Chemical Modification of Bioactive Compounds
Bioactivity Screening
Fermentation Technology for Culturing Microbes
Study on Phylogenetics
Culture Collection MICROBIAL VALUE
Taxonomy
Microbes from the Environment
Figure 2 Process of increasing microbial value The Unit has established service facilities which provide excellent biotechnology resources to be shared by biotechnology research communities, and has also developed outreach functions including the transfer of technology from the laboratory to private industry.
Research and Development Programs
The Bioresources Technology Unit aligns with the goal of Thailand’s National Biotechnology Policy Framework on Biotechnology and NSTDA’s Cluster for Environment by research and development for sustainable social and commercial use of biological resources. The Bioresources Technology Unit aims to build National infrastructure and research and development on the utilization of bioresources. The Bioresources Technology Unit has four core research programs, namely Bioresources Management System Program, Discovery Program, Microorganism Program and Information System Program (Figure 3). These research programs are categorized as follows: Bioresources Management System Program aims to collect and preserve microbial cultures and their relevant data for BIOTEC in house research programs and for the country’s official depository and to conduct Introduction legal and policy studies with the focus on legal management of VIII bioresources and intellectual property management. The Bioresources Management System Program consists of the following two laboratories.
- BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory - Biotechnology Law Discovery Program aims to utilize bioresources for high value added products such as enzymes, bio-control, food and feed for the benefit of agriculture and industry in the country, to build up research facilities on screening for bioactive compounds which are typically present in very low concentrations, with rapid, low cost and highly sensitive detection methods, to develop cultivation technology and bioprocesses for efficient production of various valuable bio-products from microorganisms and to isolate and identify bioactive substances produced from various microorganisms, especially insect pathogenic fungi by using activity-guided fractionation and structure modification for increased biological activity. The Discovery Program consists of the following six laboratories.
- Bioresources Research Laboratory - Bioassay Laboratory - Enzyme Technology Laboratory - Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory - Microbial Engineering Laboratory - Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory Microorganism Program aims to provide data on the biodiversity of fungi in Thailand, to isolate fungi for the BIOTEC culture collection and screening program and to develop and expand the advancement of molecular phylogeny for a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships of fungi and other organisms. The Microorganism Program consists of the following two laboratories.
- Mycology Laboratory - Phylogenetics Laboratory Information Systems Program aims to develop information technology in order to establish and enhance the information infrastructure such as the systematic collection, preservation and distribution of bioresources and the search and discovery of exploitable bioresources using our custom-designed program namely, Microbial Information Management (MIMs) to develop high quality needed spatial database for bio-ecological resources and land resources management and monitoring and to study of the dynamics of and changes in ecosystem for ecological monitoring. The Information System Program consists of the following three laboratories.
- Information Systems Laboratory
- Geoinformatics Laboratory Introduction - Ecology Laboratory IX
Director
Research Support
Bioresources Discovery Microorganism Information Management Program Program systems Program System Program Bioresources Research Mycology Laboratory Information Systems Laboratory Laboratory BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory Bioassay Laboratory Phylogenetics Geoinformatics Laboratory Laboratory Biotechnology Law Enzyme Technology Ecology Laboratory Laboratory
Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
Microbial Engineering Laboratory
Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory
Figure 3 Organizational Structure of the Bioresources Technology Unit Personnel
As of September 2009, the Bioresources Technology Unit had 141 staff members in the research section, of these, 36 hold Doctoral Degrees, 48 hold Master Degrees, 49 hold Bachelor Degrees and 8 hold professional diplomas (Table 1).
Table 1 Number of BIOTEC personnel working at the Bioresources Technology Unit in all four research programs classified according to academic standing
Academic standing Program Ph.D. M.S. B.S. Professional Total diploma Bioresources 3 4 7 1 15 Management System Program
Discovery 25 30 28 5 88 Program Introduction X Microorganism 6 9 8 2 25 Program
Information 2 5 6 0 13 System Program
Total personnel 36 48 49 8 141
* Note: This table shows staff working at the various program in September 2009
Human Resources Development
The Bioresources Technology Unit recognizes the importance of personnel development when it comes to the transformation of young scientists into professional researchers who are able to achieve their career goals. To this end, the unit has introduced a mentoring system for new scientists, and periodically seeks assistance from renowned professors from universities to provide valuable suggestions for the researchers. The Bioresources Technology Unit also offers research training for undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels to both local and foreign institutions. The unit currently has 50 undergraduate and 40 graduate students training each year. Most of the Master and Doctoral students receive scholarships supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee Program [Thailand Research Fund (TRF)], the Thai Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST) research fund and Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT). Research Funding
The period of October 2006-September 2009 showed a significant increase in the level of funding coming to the unit. The Bioresources Technology Unit receives research funding on the basis of technical merit from the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) / National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC). This accounts for the largest proportion of the unit’s funding, making up around 72 percent of the total funding. Other funding comes from a wide variety of funding agencies, both local and international. Local funding bodies include the Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT) (accounting for 27 percent of the total) and other sources such as the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), and Mahidol University (which together account for approximately 1 percent of the total). International funding is derived from numerous agencies such as the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which together provide around 1 percent of the budget as a whole (Table 2 and Figure 4).
Table 2 Overall funding by research program at the Bioresources Technology Unit (October 2006-September 2009) Introduction Program Number of projects Funding (million Baht) XI Bioresources 21 12 Management System Program
Discovery Program 87 39.6
Microorganism 36 13 Program
Information System 12 5.1 Program
Total 156 69.7 Others International Org. 27% 1%
BIOTEC Others International Org.
BIOTEC 72%
Note: NSTDA/BIOTEC = Cluster and Program Management Office (CPMO, NSTDA) Platform Technology (BIOTEC) Bioresource Research Network (BRN)
International Org. = UNESCO
Others = Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT), Thailand Research Fund, Private Sector
Figure 4 Sources of research funding for the Bioresources Technology Unit (October 2006-September 2009) Introduction XII International Collaboration
The unit collaborates with research centers across the world in the exchange of knowledge and scientists (Table 3).
Publications, Patents and New Technology
During the period October 2006-September 2009, the Bioresources Technology Unit has filed 13 patents and had one accepted, disclosed new inventions and had 170 international publications. At home and abroad, the unit continues to be recognized as an outstanding national science research unit, as evidenced by the fact that it has received several distinguished awards over the past few years. Notable pieces of research are outlined in more detail later in this profile.
Industrial Collaboration and Technology Transfer
To effectively translate research advances into commercial products and processes, collaboration with industry is crucial. Bioresources Technology Unit is establishing relationships with enterprises in a range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, feed, energy, environment and cosmetics. These partnerships incorporate interactive contract and cooperative research. For cooperative research, industrial sponsors participate in specific research programs and projects. The result is mutually beneficial partnerships that stimulate research with marketable applications. Table 3 Example of international collaborative partners of the Bioresources Technology Unit (September 2009) Research Center Country Laboratory Bioresources Management System Program 1 Biological Resource Center, Korea Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology 2 Culture Collection of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese China Academy of Sciences 3 Institute of Tropical Biology Vietnam BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory 4 Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) Japan 5 Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria (NCCB) Netherland 6 NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute Japan of Technology and Evaluation 7 NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute Japan. of Technology and Evaluation Biotechnology Law 8 University of London UK Discovery Program 1 Novartis Switzerland Bioresources Research Laboratory 2 Kunming Institute of Botany China Bioassay Laboratory 3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Japan Technology (AIST) Enzyme Technology 4 The University of Tokyo Japan Laboratory 5 The University of Florida USA Introduction 6 Anhui Agricultural University China XIII 7 Chalmer University Sweden Fermentation 8 Copenhagen University Denmark Technology and Biochemical 9 Technical University of Denmark Denmark Engineering 10 University of Maryland USA Laboratory 11 Vinh University Vietnam 12 Laboratories of Applied Bioscience, Japan Niigata University 13 Public Health Entomology Research & Education Center, USA Florida A&M University Microbial Engineering Laboratory 14 University of Maryland USA 15 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of USA California Microorganism Program 1 Portsmouth University UK 2 Oregon State University USA 3 Bhutan Government Bhutan 4 City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China 5 Hong Kong University, Hong Kong SAR Taiwan 6 Food Research Institute China Mycology Laboratory 7 Institute of Fermentation, Osaka Japan 8 Landcare New Zealand 9 University Malaya Malaysia 10 National Taiwan Ocean University Taiwan 11 Oregon State University USA 12 Vinh University Vietnam Phylogenetics Laboratory 13 National Taiwan Ocean University Taiwan 14 Bioresources Management System Program Bioresources Management System
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory (BCC) Microorganisms are the largest Recognizing the importance of and most diverse group of all living the microorganisms, especially those organisms. They are generally single celled isolated from natural environments in and can not be seen by the naked eye. They Thailand, BIOTEC founded the BIOTEC are divided into four major groups: fungi, Culture Collection (BCC), in 1996. The bacteria, protists and viruses. In nature, primary objective of BCC is to microorganisms play an important role in collect and preserve microbial cultures nutrient recycling. Their roles can be and their relevant data for BIOTEC’s producers where organic compounds are in-house research programs, mainly synthesized from carbon dioxide (CO2) the Bioresources Research Program and other inorganic substances, or which focuses on isolation of valuable decomposers where accumulated or products such as secondary metabolites, organic substances are degraded and enzymes and bioactive short peptides mineralized. Numerous microorganisms from microorganisms. Besides the are isolated from nature and exploited in maintenance and distribution of cultures several different areas such as the for in-house research, BCC provides production of food, agricultural and training, identification, and lyophilization 15 pharmaceutical products. The isolated services to the public. cultures need to be properly preserved in order to maintain their viability, purity and authenticity for future use.
The BCC Collections
At present, BCC has more than percent of the cultures BCC hold are 25,000 strains of filamentous fungi, yeasts filamentous fungi, which are taxonomically and bacteria in the collection. Eighty and ecologically diverse. One quarter was isolated from insects (insect pathogenic fungi). The rest were isolated from soil, seeds, decayed wood, plants, lichens, dung, fresh water and sea water.
Almost all strains in the collection are cryo-preserved at –80oC as working cultures. Freeze drying, liquid drying or storage in vapor phase of nitrogen is also used for long term preservation of strains with special characteristics, such as new species and those that produce biologically active compounds. Duplicate collections of valuable strains are held at different locations in Thailand.
Bioresources Technology Unit Database Management
Microbial Information Management and through the internet for the general Systems (MIMS) and e-BCC have been scientific community. MIMS and e-BCC developed by the Information Systems assist BCC staffs not only to rapidly Laboratory in order to ease the retrieve general microbial information, management and utilization of the large but select strains for cataloging. Using amount of data generated by BCC’s two different sets of criteria, two different researchers. MIMS is used to manage lists of cultures are published electronically, strain data, mainly for storage and one through the intranet for BIOTEC’s distribution, while e-BCC is used to in-house use, the other through the facilitate access to BCC strains through internet for public access. the intranet for BIOTEC researchers
Services Provided
1. BCC cultures 3. Culture preservation BCC cultures are made available for BCC offers a culture preservation service education and research in Thailand and in which cultures are expertly preserved overseas. The client can order BCC and returned to the clients for storage cultures electronically through BCC’s by themselves. BCC offers freeze-drying 16 on-line catalogue (http://bcc.biotec. and preparation of cultures for storage or.th). in freezers and in the vapor phase of nitrogen of most groups of bacteria, 2. Deposit cultures to BCC yeasts and sporulating (in vitro) fungi Researchers are encouraged to make classified in Hazard Group 1 or 2. microbial cultures available for public access through deposition of the 4. Identification cultures into BCC. BCC accepts most BCC offers a service to identify groups of bacteria, filamentous fungi isolates of eubacteria, sporulating and yeasts classified in Hazard Group 1 (in vitro) fungi, and ascomycetous and or 2. BCC also provides safe and patent basidiomycetous yeasts. BCC also deposit facilities by preserving microbial offers a service to purify microbial cultures in optimal conditions with strains from contaminated sources. all proprietary rights retained by the depositor or the patent owner. 5. Training BCC offers personalized training on preservation techniques, culture collection management and identification of eubacteria and yeasts based on molecular techniques upon request.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Award
1. Best Dissertation Award 2006 from Graduate School of Kasetsart University for the project entitled “The Species Diversity of Yeasts in Some Natural Habitats of Thailand”. (Dr. Sasitorn Jindamorakot)
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Department of Agriculture (DOA), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
2. Department of Medical Sciences (DMST), Ministry of Public Health
3. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan 17
2. Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM), Japan
3. Culture Collection of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
4. Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Korea
5. Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam
6. Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria (NCCB), Netherland Research Staff
1. Wanchern Potacharoen, M.Sc. (Microbiology, Kasetsart University, Thailand)
2. Pattaraporn Rattanawaree, Ph.D. (Bioresources, Gifu University, Japan)
3. Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Ph.D. (Microbiology, Kasetsart University, Thailand)
Bioresources Technology Unit
2. Biotechnology Law (BioLaw) Advances in biotechnology in biodiversity law. In Thailand the knowledge the 20th century offer promises of of legal aspects and management is technological innovation in a wide array critically lagging behind. of applications, viz., agriculture, health, environment and energy. With rapid Recognizing the importance of technological development, the potential biolaw knowledge, BIOTEC established applications of biotechnology will be BioLaw Research Section (BRS) in 2008. beyond estimation. Keeping pace with The BRS aims to conduct legal and technological development, more legal policy studies with the focus on legal issues disputes and challenges concerning management of bioresources and biotechnology have been witnessed. intellectual property management. BIOTEC BioLaw issues cover growing areas of hopes that the newly developed BioLaw intellectual property, environmental law, knowledge will be useful for biotechnology human right, and most importantly research organizations.
Research Experiences 18 1. Legal protection of traditional knowledge: BIOTEC’s BRS conducted an important study legal framework of protection of traditional knowledge with the commission of the Department of Intellectual Property. The study aims at solving the problems of misappropriation and misuse of Thai traditional knowledge. The knowledge gained from this study leads to the drafting of law on promotion and protection of traditional knowledge.
2. Legal management of bioresources: Recognizing the importance of bioresources and keeping pace with legal developments of biodiversity at international and national levels, BIOTEC invests its vast efforts on not only the utilization of bioresources but also the legal management. Legal management of plant genetic resources for biotechnology research is an on going research project with the aim of developing practical guides for researchers who utilize plant genetic resources.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
3. Intellectual property management: With knowledge. BRS conducts several firm belief of intellectual property research projects on intellectual driving innovation in Thailand, BIOTEC property law and management. One has long committed in building vital project is on the development human resources in the knowledge of of intellectual property management intellectual property law. Intellectual office for universities and innovative property law is the core BRS organizations in Thailand.
International and National Legal Developments
Experienced in legal management international regime of access and of bioresources and intellectual property, benefit sharing under the Convention on BIOTEC’s BRS has involved in several Biological Diversity. BRS also takes part international legal negotiations and in developing access and benefit sharing advancements. BIOTEC is one of Thailand regulations for Thailand. delegations in the negotiation of an
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Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Chulalongkorn University 2. Thammasart University 3. Naresuan University 4. Government institutes such as Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court, Department of Intellectual Property, Department of Agriculture
Collaboration with International Scientists 1. University of London, United Kingdom 2. NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Japan 3. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)
Research Staff
1. Tanit Changthavorn, Ph.D. (Intellectual Property, University of London, UK)
Bioresources Technology Unit Discovery Program 1. Bioresources Research Laboratory (BRL) The Bioresources Research Laboratory (BRL) aims at utilization of Thai bioresources, especially microorganisms. Since 1996, over 60,000 crude extracts from microorganisms have been evaluated for biological activities, including anti- malarial, anti-fungal, anti-herpes simplex virus, anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor against three cancerous cell types (MCF-7, KB, and NCI-H187). The on-going search for bioactive substances produced by various microorganisms, especially insect pathogenic fungi involves A-B from Verticillium hemipterigenum, first biological activity-guided fractionation. cordyheptapeptide A, bioxanthracenes, Spectroscopic techniques, including and cordyols A-C from Cordyceps spp. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) The results show that insect fungi spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, (entomopathogenic fungi) are an excellent ultraviolet-visible (UV), and infrared (IR) source of chemical diversity, both in terms 21 spectroscopy are then routinely employed of structures and biological activities. Other for structure determination, which have organisms such as seed fungi, endophytes, led to the development of a chemical profile marine fungi, etc. have also been library of isolated metabolites. investigated, which have also proven to be excellent sources of bioactive substances; The major successes on insect for example, sesquiterpene connatusins pathogenic fungi were reviewed by us in the A-B from Lentinus conatus, hirstutellone F journal “Accounts of Chemical Research” in from Trichoderma sp., lachnones A-E from 2005. Since then, many new compounds Lachnum sp., depsidones from the have been isolated and their chemical unidentified endophytic fungus BCC8616, structures have been published. These bioxanthracenes from Cordyceps sp., include hirsutellones A-E and hirsutatins hamevellones from Hamigera avellanea, A-B from Hirsutella nivea, hirsutellic acid and new benzofuran derivatives from A from Hirsutella sp., ascherxanthone A Hypocrea sp. were amongst isolated from Aschersonia sp., verihemiptellides compounds from these groups.
Bioresources Technology Unit 22
Production of natural product enzymes resistant to current anti-malarial analogues has successfully been carried drugs targeting the same enzyme. Many out, including beauvericin analogues synthesized compounds exhibited from the insect pathogenic fungus very good binding affinity and showed Paecilomyces tenuipes BCC 1614 by promising anti-plasmodial activity. precursor-directed biosynthesis. Structure Consequently, large scale synthesis has modifications and structure-activity become of great significance in order to relationshi study of these modified prepare potential compounds in sufficient compounds have been undertaken. amount for further testing. Accordingly, the facility for large scale synthetic chemistry In addition, in order to find lead has been set up. This facility will be used compounds to be used as novel anti- in the scale up process, not only for malarial drugs, our scientists have antimalarial compounds but also for other synthesized several new dihydrofolate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), reductase inhibitors, (dihydrotriazine which will be beneficial to all of the Thai and diaminopyrimidine derivatives), and pharmaceutical community. evaluated their activity against parasite
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology To date, our on-going research is focused in many areas concerning the utilization of bio-resources, namely:
1) The search for novel bioactive substances from microorganisms, 2) Synthesis of compounds with good anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, 3) Large-scale synthesis of potential compounds for further testing (API included), and 4) Development of compounds for other applications, for example, compounds for use in bio-sensors
Award
UNESCO-L’OREAL International Fellowships 2007 from L’Oreal Thailand Company Limited and Thai National Commission for UNESCO for the project entitled “Scale-up Process for the Anti-malarial Leads Synthesis” (Dr. Chawanee 23 Thongpanchang)
CST-Wiley Outstanding Publication Award 2009 from Chemical Society of Thailand (C.S.T.) for the project entitled “Immobilization of Malarial (Plasmodium falciparum) Dihydrofolate Reductase for the Selection of Tight-binding Inhibitors from Combinatorial Library” (Dr. Chawanee Thongpanchang)
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Chulalongkorn University 2. Mahidol University 3. King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) 4. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Novartis, Switzerland Since 2005, the Bioresources Research Laboratory (BRL) has collaborated with Novartis, Switzerland, on the search for new bioactive compounds from insect fungi. The primary aim of the BIOTEC-Novartis collaboration is to find potential compounds suitable for further drug development.
2. Nagasaki University, Japan BRL researcher Dr. Smanmoo has collaborated with Professor Masaaki Kai, graduate school of pharmaceutical science, Nagasaki University on the chemiluminescent detection of biologically significant compounds.
Bioresources Technology Unit Technical Services
BRL also gives support to universities in Thailand and the private sector in terms of technical services including NMR, IR, MS, and SFE techniques. 1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy 2. Mass Spectrometer / LC-MS spectrometer 3. Infrared (IR) Spectrophotometer 4. Supercritical Fluid CO2 Extraction (SFE)
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Research Staff
1. Prof. Yodhathai Thebtaranonth, Ph.D 7. Srung Smanmoo, Ph.D (Organic Chemistry, University of (Organic Synthesis, University of Sheffield, UK) Sheffield, UK) 2. Masahiko Isaka, Ph.D 8. Chollaratt Boonlarppradab, Ph.D (Organic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of (Oceanography (Marine Chemistry), Technology, Japan) University of California, San Diego, 3. Pattama Pittayakhajonwut, Ph.D USA) (Organic Chemistry, University of Bradford, UK) 4. Chawanee Thongpanchang, Ph.D (Organic Chemistry, Mahidol University, Thailand) 5. Taridaporn Bunyapaiboonsri, Ph.D (Chemistry, Louis Pasteur University, France) 6. Sasithorn Teeveerapanya, Ph.D (Organic Chemistry, University of Oxford, UK)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2. Bioassay Laboratory Since its establishment as part a dual-assay that will simultaneously of the Bioresources Program in 1996, the screen for compounds with activities primary goal of the Bioassay Laboratory against two chilli anthracnose pathogens, has been to evaluate the medicinal potential Colletotrichum glocosporoides and of Thailand’s biological resources, with Colletotrichum capsici, is being developed particular emphasis on microbes. As for future use. the program progresses into its second decade, the value of microbes in the The role of the Bioassay Laboratory BIOTEC culture collection (BCC) has is not limited to in-house research; we been increasingly recognized by us. also provide significant contributions to Therefore, the laboratory directs its effort Thailand’s scientific infrastructure by toward the identification of potential lead providing screening services to the compounds for further development in general scientific community. Aside from specific areas of utilization. developing and improving screening assays, the Bioassay Laboratory staff For the medicinal purpose, also conduct research in different areas to screening assays that target whole serve the needs of Thailand. organisms are carried out routinely to identify microbial-derived compounds For instance, in line with the 25 with activities against disease targets laboratory’s focus on the search for that are major health problems in Thailand, anti-infective agents, an initiative has been including malaria and tuberculosis, as taken to develop a systematic approach well as opportunistic infectious pathogens, for the detection of non-ribosomal peptides such as Candida albicans and Bacillus (NRPs), a group of fungal metabolites cereus. To increase our capacity for the known to have diverse biological activities. identification of potential lead compounds We have shown that fungi in the BCC are against specific enzyme targets, we have potential sources of diverse peptide also developed target-based assays. metabolites; therefore, we intend to isolate Assays for compounds inhibitory to the the peptides from these fungi to create malaria pathogen’s plasmepsin II and a collection of fungal derived peptides. dihydrofolate reductase enzymes are in Subsequently, the chemical data generated hand, while assays are being developed for the avian influenza virus neuraminidase enzyme and the enzymes for cell wall synthesis in Candida albicans.
For the agricultural purpose, our laboratory seeks to alleviate problems regarding the outbreak of crop diseases and the excessive use of toxic pesticides by developing assays to identify naturally-derived compounds that inhibit crop disease pathogens. At present, assays against rice disease pathogens, such as Magnaporthe grisea and Curvularia lunata are routinely performed;
Bioresources Technology Unit from these metabolites will be deposited in in Thailand for over two decades, the a chemical profile library, whose availability industry has experienced problems in will expedite the search for novel peptide propagating prawn larvae from captive metabolites and ultimately lead to the broodstock. Based on previous knowledge discovery of novel antibiotic treatments. that the prostaglandins and related metabolites could influence the ovarian In addition, we also investigate development in other crustaceans, we have the control of prostaglandin biosynthesis begun examining this pathway in the giant enzymes in mammalian cells, which may tiger prawn to shed light on the pathway have implications for the treatment of that regulates ovarian development in this patients with anti-inflammatory drugs, and organism. possibly alternative therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Recently, our research interest has focused on the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway in the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), which is Thailand’s most economically important aquaculture export. Although the farming of giant tiger prawns has been performed
26 Collaboration with Local Scientists 1. Prince of Songkla University 2. Ramkhamhaeng University
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Novartis, Switzerland 2. Kunming Institute University
Research Staff
1. Kanyawim Kirtikara, Ph.D. 6. Kwanta Thansa, Ph.D. (Genetics, University of Connecticut, (Animal Sciences, University of USA) Nottingham, UK) 2. Vanicha Vichai, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, University of Virginia, USA) 3. Chanikul Chutrahul, Ph.D. (Microbiology, University of Nottingham, UK) 4. Chotika Samarkchan, Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand) 5. Wananit Wimuttisuk, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, Brown University, USA)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 3. Enzyme Technology Laboratory Enzymes are produced by all strong collaboration with a number of living organisms, from microorganisms to leading institutes in Thailand and overseas, plants and animals; enzymes are necessary we aim to play a major contribution on the for nearly all of life’s chemical reactions. development of enzyme biotechnology of These reactions include, but not limited to, the country. the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones which often At present, research in the resulting in a release of energy (catabolism) laboratory focuses on enzymes used and the biochemical synthesis of complex by major national industries. Current substances with the storage of energy (anabolism). With the advance of biotechnology, increasing numbers of enzymes have been identified and produced before being used in various industries including medicine, agro- industry, commodity production biofuel and modern biotechnology. Currently, thousands of millions 27 baht are spent for enzymes in Thailand each year. However, most of the enzymes used in Thai industries are imported. The Enzyme Technology Laboratory was established to identify and characterize novel enzymes with desirable characteristics by taking advantage of Thailand’s biodiversity, especially the hugely diverse variety of microorganisms. Research in Enzyme Technology Laboratory is focused on the identification and biotechnological utilization of enzymes for industrial processes. The laboratory’s activities include all aspects of enzyme biotechnology from screening of enzymes from microbial isolates and from metagenomic libraries, gene isolation, enzyme production in wild-type microbes and recombinant systems to development of enzymatic processes in industry. As a part of BIOTEC, our research aims for establishment of platform technology for the country together with the application of our technology for supporting the biotechnological research of the local academic and industrial sectors. With
Bioresources Technology Unit
At present more than 28,000 microbial isolates at the BIOTEC Culture Collection provide a promising resource for enzyme screening. (b) Culture-independent approach: This approach is employed to identify enzymes from microorganisms in the environment without the necessity of culturing. This approach is very useful to find a broad range of novel enzymes Lignocellulosic biomass degradation by a thermophilic lignocellulolytic microbial consortium since only approximately 1% of microbes naturally residing in the interest involves lignocellulose degrading environment can be grown in normal enzymes, amylolytic enzymes and laboratory conditions. Advanced DNA lipases/esterases as well as some other technology is used to construct specialized enzymes of biotechnological so-called “metagenomic libraries”, value. Enzymes capable of working representing the genomes of all under extreme conditions applicable for microbes from a particular environment. industrial processes are also of special Then, genes encoding enzymes interest. Our work in the laboratory currently with desirable properties can be 28 involves three aspects of research: identified using several approaches, including activity-based screening, • Enzyme Discovery The aim is to identify enzymes with desirable sequence-based screening and properties by two approaches: pyrosequencing. Metagenomic libraries have been constructed from various (a) Culture-dependent approach: This sources, including unique or extreme approach is employed to identify ecosystems e.g. hot springs, peat potent enzymes from cultured swamp forest, sugarcane bagasse organisms such as fungi and bacteria. compost and lignocellulolytic microbial
BAC VECTOR
METAGENOMIC DNA FRAGMENT
isolation of DNA from manipulation of DNA CLONED environmental sample METAGENOMIC DNA ligation of fragments Activity-based screening with vectors
Sequence-based screening CULTURED E. coli COLONIES EXPRESSION OF DIFFERENT PROTEINS Construct library analysis Metagenomic library collection
Pyrosequencing Biodiversity conservation
Enzyme discovery from metagenomes (Modified from K. J. Shelswell. 2009. Metagenomics: The science of biological diversity. (www.scq.ubc.ca/metagenomics-the-science-of-biological-diversity/)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Enzyme purification by using AKTA Explorer FPLC Quantitatively assays for various industrial system enzymes consortium as well as particular feed industry, the application of biological niches including termite lignocellulolytic enzymes in biomass gut and cattle digestive tracts. conversion process of agro-industrial by-products to value-added products, The two approaches enable us to including biofuels, bio-plastics and obtain enzymes from both cultured and chemicals and also application of uncultured microorganisms with high cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes for activity and functional stability suitable the pulp and paper industry. for biotechnological application. The work also attributes to the awareness for Current collaborative researches conservation and sustainable use of the with academic institutions and industrial 29 nation’s biodiversity. sectors include:
• Optimization of Large-Scale Enzyme - Development of biomass pretreatmant Production: In close collaboration process for agro-industrial by-products with the Fermentation and Biochemical in collaboration with Advanced Engineering Laboratory, BIOTEC, the Industrial Science and Technology research includes identification of (AIST), Japan appropriate conditions for enzyme production in large scale, so that - Collaboration with the Joint Graduate particular enzymes can be produced School of Energy and Enviroment in sufficient quantity by bioreactor (JGSEE) for production of alternative to be used in industrial process biofuels, including biodiesel and liquid optimisation and field trial. This includes alkane biofuel by thermocatalytic both enzymes produced by native and biocatalytic processes fungal strains and by recombinant systems. Various types of agricultural - Development of a non-thermal wastes are tested for their possible cassava feedstock saccharification use in culturing media for high process using fungal multi-enzyme production of enzymes. for bioethanol production with Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro- • Enzyme Application in Industry: Industrial Product Improvement Current research and development Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University projects with industrial sectors include application of enzymes in a range of - Collaboration with the University industries. These include the use of of Tokyo, Japan to establish active non-starch polysaccharide hydrolyzing lignocellulolytic microbial consortium enzymes and phytases in the animal with structural and functional
Bioresources Technology Unit
stability for application in biomass A database describing non-starch degradation and discovery of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes and lignocellulolytic enzymes amylases obtained from screening fungi in the BIOTEC Culture Collection with high - Collaboration with Mahidol University potential for various industries is and KMITL (King Mongkut’s Institute available in the form of “Enzyme of Technology Ladkrabang) to Catalogue” for interested private sectors identify enzymes with special and researchers. Enzyme Technology characteristics or enzymes suitable Laboratory also provides enzyme activity to be used in feedstuff analysis service and consulting service for enzyme application in industries. In - Research collaboration with National addition, several products aiding enzyme Institute of Advanced Industrial analysis, namely Enzhance Overlay Enzyme Science and Technology (AIST), Detection Kit and Enzyme Assay Strip Japan on production of bio-based Test have been developed. These are plastic/monomer considered important steps for the efficient advancement of enzyme application in - Collaboration with Betagro Science Thailand. Center, Asia Star Animal Health Co. Ltd. and Sunfeed on screening and production of enzymes for 30 animal feed industry
- Collaboration with SCG Paper, Public Co. Ltd. to develop enzymes for pulp and paper production process
- Contract research with Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)
Awards
• Taguchi award 2008 from Foundation for the Promotion of Biotechnology in Thailand for the project entitled “Using molecular approach for enzyme discovery from microbial resource in Thailand”. (Dr. Lily Eurwilaichitr) • Innovation award from National Research Council 2008 for the project entitled “ENZhance Overlay Enzyme Detection Kit for screening of industrial enzymes”. • Diploma from Universitatea de Stat Din Moldova (1st IIDC) for the project entitles “ENZhance Overlay Enzyme Detection Kit for screening of industrial enzymes” • Award Gold Medal from Belgrade Association of Inventors and Authors of Technical Improvements (1st IIDC) for the project entitles “ENZhance Overlay Enzyme Detection Kit for screening of industrial enzymes” • M.Sc. Thesis Distinction from Graduate School, Mahidol University 2007. (Ms. Benchamaporn Wonganu)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
• L’Oreal Thailand Fellowship For Women in Science 2006 from L’Oreal Thailand Company Limited and Thai National Commission for UNESCO for the project entitled “Molecular approach for enzyme discovery from microbial resources in Thailand”. (Dr. Lily Eurwilaichitr)
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment 2. Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University 3. Mahidol University 4. King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 5. National Metal and Materials Technology Center 6. Kasetsart University 7. Electricity Generating Anthority of Thailand (EGAT) 31
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Scienc and Technology (AIST), Japan 2. The University of Tokyo, Japan
Collaboration with Privates Sectors
1. Betagro Science Center Co. Ltd. 3. Sunfeed Co. Ltd. 2. Asia Star Animal Health Co. Ltd. 4. SCG Paper, Public Co. Ltd.
Research Staff
1. Lily Eurwilaichitr, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK) 2. Verawat Champreda, Ph.D. (Biochemistry/Biocatalysis, Imperial College London, UK) 3. Somchai Pongpattanakitshote, Ph.D (Flinders University, Australia) 4. Honglada Thoetkiattikul, Ph.D. (Entomology, University of Georgia, USA)
Bioresources Technology Unit 4. Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
Our laboratory specializes in Optimization Technology focusing on microbial cultivation technology and improving quantity/yield of the target bioprocess development for efficient metabolic product and iii) Bioprocess production of potential bio-products from development Technology aiming to develop microorganisms namely fungi, yeast and platform process of pre-pilot scale production bacteria. Our research interests are i) while evaluating its commercial feasibility. In Cultivation and Media development addition, our fermentation technologies and Technology aiming to facilitate the consultancy services are provided to support screening and production of bioactive in-house research and to help solve private compounds/bio-products of interest and sector research problems. mushroom cultivation, ii) Metabolic Product
Cultivation and Media Development Technology
Cultivation technology has been Besides cultivation for bioactive applied to improve production and compounds, a group of mushroom fungi 32 efficiency of bioactive compounds are also an important food. Therefore, the produced by insect pathogenic fungi for research interest also includes mushroom being used as pest controlling agents. cultivation with the aim of developing As the largest and most unique group economical cultivation technology which of microorganisms in the BCC culture can be transferred to farmers or rural collection, it is also considered a powerful people, thus creating economic opportunity. source of new and potent bioactive In 2001, BIOTEC and the Arunyik compounds. Many of these fungi are fastidious; hence, in-vitro cultivation conditions must be developed to promote fruiting body formation necessary for extraction of bioactive compounds. The ultimate aims are to develop new sources of potent bioactive compounds and to investigate the diversity of compound structures from fungi of differing morphology. In vitro cultivation studies entail testing nutritional supplements, modifying media recipes and testing different physicochemical conditions. New media have been developed broadening the diversity of available bioactive compounds, including a solid medium comprising brown rice and silk worm suitable for production of fruiting bodies of three insect pathogenic fungi, Cordyceps irangensis BCC 21484, Cordyceps sphecocephala BCC 23297 and Isaria tenuipes BCC 23112.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Mushroom Center successfully developed Different local agricultural wastes such a cultivation technique for the parasol as corncob were also tested to determine mushroom [Macrolepiota gracilenta their potential as substrates. (krombh.) Moser]. Cultivation technology was applied to increase the initially low yield by optimizing the environmental factors and finding appropriate nutrients that stimulate both mycelial growth and fruiting body production. New mushroom varieties have been bred in our laboratory, where the productivity and morphology of fruiting bodies are initially assessed.
Metabolic Product Optimization Technology
This research group focuses on and utilization of these potentially increasing quantity or yield of the target commercial products are on going metabolic product while minimizing the as collaborative projects with other level of other by-product(s). Laboratory- government institutes and the private scale production has been achieved for sector. various bioactive substances, including native enzymes from wild-type Aspergillus 33 sp. and recombinant enzymes from other microorganisms. The group’s highlight is the production of the animal feed ingredients which are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from Schizochytrium racemosum and fungal enzymes, namely, xylanase, β-glucanase, and cellulase, from various microbial resources. Both traditional optimization and experimental designs, such as Plackett Burman, Fractional factorial, and response surface methodology are applied to determine relevant factors and optimal range of concentrations which give maximum production. Once optimal conditions have been established, microbial cell physiology is monitored during cultivation to finalize the production yield and define the correct harvesting time in a laboratory scale bioreactor. Other products with potential for industrial use are biopolymers produced by insect pathogenic fungi (application in pharmaceuticals, cosmetic supplement, and prebiotics), bioethanol, and microbial cells for bioremediation. The production
Bioresources Technology Unit
Bioprocess Development Technology
This technology involves design and development of process for specific metabolic bio-product based on its application. In order to formulate a practicable bio-product for field-trial, the laboratory scale bioreactor fermentation is scaled up to pre-pilot scale. A specific process must be designed to minimize losses, and all downstream operation must be tailored to the product’s application. Our development covers any scale-up problems within all steps along the process. In collaboration with the Enzyme Technology laboratory and private sectors, we have developed an enzyme production and formulation process for chicken feed. This example demonstrates how technology established in the 34 laboratory can then be transferred to industry. Currently, our fermentation service could accommodate at laboratory scale (2-5L) and pilot scale (50-1000L). Our laboratory is also well-equipped with laboratory downstream units including cell separation, clarification, membrane concentration, and drying, all in good collaboration with Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Unit at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien for large pilot-scale production. The procedures in practice from laboratory to pilot scale production, together with our experience thus serve as a platform technology for collaborative in-house research and private sector partnerships.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2. Institute for Scientific and Technology Research and Services [ISTRS], King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 3. Thammasat University 4. Chiang Mai University 5. Srinakharinwirot University 6. Ramkhamhaeng University
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Anhui Agricultural University, China 2. Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 3. Vinh University, Vietnam 4. Chalmer University, Sweden 35 Collaboration with Privates Sectors
1. Asia Star Animal Health Co. Ltd. 2. Betagro Science Center Co. Ltd. 3. Virbac S.A. 4. Higrimm Environmental Research 5. Mitrphol sugarcane and sugar R&D center 6. Banchong Farm
Research Staff
1. Wai Prathumpai, Ph.D. (Process Biotechnology, Technical Denmark, Denmark) 2. Vasimon Ruanglek, Ph.D. (Microbiology, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK) 3. Panida Unagul, Ph.D. (Biotechnology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand)
Bioresources Technology Unit 5. Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory In molecular biology research, protein expression have gained much microbes are used extensively as interests in recent years. In addition, it has production factories for proteins. Microbes become clear that there is no single are being increasingly employed for microorganism that can be utilized industrial manufacture of economically universally to produce all proteins of important proteins. Heterologous expression, interest. Thus, the availability of several in which a gene coding for the protein of different host systems would help increase interest is expressed in an experimentally the possibility of success in target protein tractable organism is one of the essential expression. In our laboratory, we utilize processes to produce target proteins molecular techniques in order to develop and efficiently, which is crucial when large scale establish various heterologous expression production of proteins such as enzymes is systems including bacteria and yeast. required. The technologies for heterologous
Our Current Work in the Laboratory Involves: Development of Cell-Surface Display Expression System
36 The power of biotechnology, cell surface display technology to express especially genetic engineering, enables us secreted target proteins on the yeast cell to develop expertise on protein expression surface as anchored proteins. Production system. Taking advantage of Thailand’s vast of enzymes that are immobilized on the cell biodiversity, several native enzymes from fungi surface thus obviates tedious purification have been isolated and characterized, some processes. The yeast cells with anchored of which exhibited excellent properties with proteins can then be used further as potential industrial applications. However, in a whole-cell biocatalyst. general, the yield of endogenous enzyme is low. Thus, heterologous expression for more efficient production of these target enzymes in appropriate hosts is necessary. Pichia pastoris is a yeast which grows quickly in defined medium and can grow to very high cell densities. It is especially useful for the large scale production of target proteins. In addition, the target proteins are glycosylated, which make P. pastoris yeast a favorable host for expressing fungal, plant or human proteins. However, the need for further dowstream process such as purification and separation make the cost for large scale production prohibitive. We therefore exploit
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Improvement of Protein Production
Multi-copy expression of target enzymes has been proven to be a useful tool to increase the level of protein production. This technique is also employed in our laboratory to improve the level of protein expression both extracellularly and intracellularly. In addition, the viral cis-acting hydrolase element is being studied for its potential to improve the level of enzyme production. Alternative promoters from other Construction of in vivo multimers organisms are also being investigated for strong and efficient expression of enzymes in yeast.
Development of Thai-Isolated New Yeast Strains as Alternative Host
The methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris xylanase and phytase. However, the current has become a widely studied host for P. pastoris strains used are commercial strains heterologous protein expression, which has under patent, which might cause further 37 several advantages over E. coli including high complications and additional cost when density of the cultivation, gene stability, and large scale production of target enzymes high level of extracellular protein production aimed for industrial applications is involved. under a controllable induction system. P. Therefore, we aim to develop new alternative pastoris has been successfully exploited yeast strains with properties suitable and in our laboratory for heterologous expression efficient for heterologous protein expression. of several enzymes including cellulase,
Gene Expression in Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus has been used as Lactobacillus to be used as host stain GRAS starter in broad applications of for heterologous protein expression. This food, functional food, agriculture and host strain can be used for producing bioremediation. Hence, they are attractive target proteins such as bacterial enzymes hosts strains as desired properties that are utilized in food or feed industrial for expansion their utilization. In our applications. laboratory, we have developed Thai-isolated
Collaboration
Intramural collaborations with Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory foster more complete and effective research in a tightly-knit environment. Collaborations with industrial sectors from local and overseas research institutes and universities have also been established for expertise sharing and technology transfer. These include:
Bioresources Technology Unit Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Mahidol University and KMITL (King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang) to identify enzymes with special characteristics or enzymes suitable to be used in feedstuff
2. Mahidol University, on the development of yeast strain for production of “humanized” proteins
3. Khon-Kaen University, on the expression of enzymes involved in geranylgeraniol biosynthetic pathway
4. Department of Biotechnology, Thammasat University to improve the efficiency of target enzyme by mutagenesis
5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, on the strain improvement of Bacillus subtilis for lipopeptide biosurfactants production
Collaboration with International Scientists
38 1. Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, AIST (Japan), for bioplastic degradation
2. Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, for cell-surface display expression
Collaboration with Private Sector
Betagro Science Center to identify and improve enzymes for feedstuff supplementation
Research Staff
1. Sutipa Tanapongpipat, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, UK)
2. Niran Roongsawang, Ph.D. (Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Japan)
3. Piyanun Harnpicharnchai, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
4. Plearnpis Luxananil, Ph.D. (Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 6. Microbial Engineering Laboratory Among disease carriers, mosquitoes are recognized as one of the most important vectors of human diseases. They are capable of transmitting serious, possibly even fatal diseases, such as mosquito-borne encephalitis, dengue, yellow fever, filariasis, and malaria. Transmission of disease occurs when an infected mosquito takes a blood meal. Each disease is transmitted by different species of mosquito. Anopheline mosquitoes are the main malaria vector. Encephalitis is carried by Culex Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spp., while dengue and yellow fever (Bti), and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs). These are transmitted by Aedes spp. The bacteria produce proteinaceous toxins reason why each species carries that specifically kill certain species of different diseases might be because of mosquito larvae. The toxin is formed as molecular incompatibilities between the a “crystal” in the bacterial cells. After 39 mosquito and the disease agent. ingestion by the mosquito larvae, the toxins are dissolved as a protoxin and Each year, approximately 300 activated by larval proteases. The million people in developing countries are “active form” of the toxin will then bind affected by malaria, with over 2 million to the midgut membrane and destroy the deaths from the disease. Dengue and midgut cells, leading to starvation and encephalitis also affect thousands of death of the larvae. However, application of people in urban areas. There is a close both bacteria is limited by the “longevity” relationship between disease outbreak of these biocontrol agents. The degradation and the number of mosquito carriers in of microbial proteins in the field is also a the area. Therefore, to reduce the risk of main limitation. In addition, toxin resistance disease, the mosquito population has to be has been observed in Culex spp. when controlled. B. sphaericus was used. It is thought that The most widely used biological the use of a single protein toxin for a long agents for controlling mosquito larvae are time contributed to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, application of bacteria containing various proteins might be a more effective “broad-range biopesticide” and could overcome the resistance in the mosquito larvae.
The main objective of our group is to improve efficacy and safety of microbial agents for controlling mosquitoes and major insect pests.
Bioresources Technology Unit Exploration of Biocontrol Agents
Bti and Bs are the most commonly B. thuringiensis strains. Therefore, microbial used larvicide for mosquito control. Bti agents containing novel mosquito larvicidal has potent toxicity toward Anopheles and proteins as well as those toxic against Aedes mosquito, but low toxicity against major insect pests should be explored. Culex. In contrast, Bs is the most toxic Thailand’s rich biodiversity thus offers agent for Culex, but not for Aedes. potential for this exploration. Difference in activity spectra of both bacteria is due to difference in the mosquito-larvicidal proteins produced in the bacterial cells. Furthermore, a variety of insecticidal proteins specific to different insects are produced in different
Molecular Mechanism of Mosquito Larvicidal Toxins
We are currently studying Information obtained from these structure-function relationships and investigations will be useful for engineering molecular mechanisms of two mosquito the protein to improve its potency, the larvicidal toxins; Cyt toxin from Bacillus development of synergism with other 40 thuringiensis and binary toxin from Bacillus toxins to broaden the host range, the sphaericus. Cyt toxins (Cytolytic-endotoxins) design of new immunotoxins, and the are a group of proteins produced by some delay or prevention of the emergence of strains of Bt. These proteins are lethal to resistance. larvae of Dipteran insects (mosquito and black fly). Current evidence indicates that Cyt toxins kill mosquito larvae by forming pores on the cell membrane in the larval gut. However, the detailed mechanism of this process is not clearly understood. The pore-forming mechanism and pore architecture of Cyt toxin integrated into biological membrane are under investigation in our laboratory. Another mosquito larvicidal toxin we are studying is “binary toxin”. This toxin consists of Mosquito larvicide proteins, produced by Blidnd two components, 42 kDa (BinA) and 51 B3 kDa (BinB). Both proteins function together to kill mosquito larvae. BinB acts as specificity determinant by binding to a specific receptor presented on the gut cell membrane. The toxic component (BinA) then binds to BinB and the complex translocates into the cell and exerts its toxicity through an unknown mechanism. We are now studying the Hemolytic activity of Cyt2Aa2 toxin and its molecular mechanism and structure- mutants. We use this technique to access activity function relationships of both components. of the Cyt toxin
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Circular dichroism (CD) spectra Intrinsic fluorescent spectra of Recombinant plasmids for high of a mosquito-larvicidal Cyt2Aa2 Bacillus sphaericus BinB toxin production of mosquito- toxin and its mutants. We use and its mutants. This technique larvicidal toxins, BinA and BinB. this technique to determine is routinely used to follow Both plasmids were constructed the secondary structure of a conformational change of a in Microbial Engineering Lab protein protein Resistance Mechanism in Mosquito Larvae
Over 100,000-fold resistance to binary toxin in Culex has been found in Thailand and around the world when Bs is used continuously. Cross-resistance among different strains of Bs has also been observed. The larger component of binary 41 toxin, 51-kDa protein (BinB), binds to the mosquito larval midgut. Alteration in binding might result in loss of activity of the toxin. Currently, we are investigating the receptors (alpha-glucosidases) for the 51-kDa proteins from susceptible and resistant mosquito larvae collected in Thailand. We have found differences in binding between susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. Mutations in the alpha- glucosidase gene might therefore be responsible for the binary toxin resistance. However, more information at molecular level of the receptors is required to test Immunohistochemistry detection of the binary this hypothesis. toxin binding to mosquito larval gut cells
Development of a host cell for Production of Insecticidal Proteins
A gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis structural instability of the expression has many beneficial features, including plasmid and degradation of secreted high capacity of protein secretion and recombinant proteins by native extracellular non-pathogenicity, which allows its proteases. Therefore, an expression exploitation as a host for recombinant system in B. subtilis for heterologous protein production. It offers a cost-effective secretory proteins is currently under alternative system for protein production. development, focusing on stable expression There are two major reasons hampering vectors and protease-deficient B. subtilis the use of B. subtilis as a cell factory: strains.
Bioresources Technology Unit Production of VIP3Aa for Effective Control of Insect Pests
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most vegetative stage and is highly toxic against extensively used biopesticide worldwide. several insect species, including beet For decades, the insecticidal activity of armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) and S. this bacterium is thought to be associated litura. This protein is reportedly much more with its ability to synthesize a group of toxic to S. exigua and S. litura than Cry crystal proteins, referred to as Cry and Cyt proteins. However, the application of proteins. However, a group of proteins this protein as an insect pest control has named vegetative insecticidal proteins not been realized owing to inadequate (Vips) have been recently discovered and production methods. Expression of Vip3Aa their essential roles in insecticidal activity in B. thuringiensis is being developed in of the bacterium have been demonstrated. our laboratory. Our aim is to improve its One of the the most active Vip proteins expression level, stability and synergism is Vip3Aa, which is produced during the with other insecticidal proteins.
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University 2. Faculty of Science, Mahidol University 42 3. Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University 4. Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 5. National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Maryland, USA 2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, USA 3. School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, USA
Research Staff
1. Boonhiang Promdonkoy, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK) 2. Mongkon Audtho, Ph.D. (Biochemistry, Ohio state University, USA) 3. Sumarin Soonsanga, Ph.D. (Microbiology, Cornell University, USA)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 43 Microorganism Program Microorganism
Bioresources Technology Unit 1. Mycology Laboratory
It is currently estimated that the broadened to include other groups of fungi globe is home to approximately 1.5 such as alkaline tolerant fungi, dung fungi, million species of fungi, of which freshwater fungi, lichen fungi, litter approximately 70,000-150,000 are found Basidiomycetes, marine fungi, palm fungi in Thailand. However, compared with other and seed fungi. major groups (e.g. higher plants and More recently, numerous different animals) fungi are poorly researched, and taxonomic and ecological groups of fungi to date only 80,000 species have been have been added to the research activities documented worldwide. of the program, the overall aims of which Although Thailand has a long are provided data on the biodiversity of tradition of studying the fungal pathogens fungi in Thailand, isolate of economically important plants, it is only fungi for the BIOTEC in the last ten years that significant efforts culture collection and have been made to survey the vast screening programs, biodiversity of fungi in Thailand’s natural and develop an ecosystems. In 1993, BIOTEC established information resource the Mycology Research Program to study on fungi which can 44 the biodiversity of invertebrate pathogenic be made widely fungi in the Kingdom, and over the past available. ten years the activities of the program have
Biodiversity of Fungi in Thailand
Before 1990, less than 700 species more than 1,000 newly documented of fungi found in Thailand had been species of fungi into the inventory over the reliably documented. Much of the published last few years. New records are constantly literature has been reviewed, and the list of being added from laboratory research and fungi recorded from Thailand has been from continual reviews of the published updated (A book of Thai fungal diversity, literature. The last few years alone have and also a project of Thai fungal seen the description of several genera: checklist). Recently, the number of Thai the yeast Siamia and the insect pathogen species stands at around 6,000. Adding Hyperdermium, the marine ascomycete to records taken from the literature, the Thalespora, the freshwater basidiomycete work of BIOTEC researchers, associated Stauriella and ascomycete Megalohypha. students, and visiting experts has placed
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Insect Fungi Insect fungi are difficult to find and There are now about 400 isolate, which explains why so few are morphotaxa recognized in Thailand, of available, no matter where in the globe they which approximately 30% are new originate. However, the Clavicipitaceae (a species. The insect fungi have been family accounting for many of the insect isolated, and Thailand now has the richest pathogenic fungi) is a recognized ‘novel collection of this group in the world, with metabolite hotspot’. The recent recognition 4,000-plus isolates representing 180-plus of this ‘hotspot’ feature, however, and a species deposited in the BIOTEC culture request for ‘fresh’ isolates has resulted in collection. This group of fungi has more than 1,000 isolations being made in provided the most unique and potent the last few years. In this regard, the biologically active compounds thus far mycology research program plays a critical investigated by BIOTEC scientists. role in novel metabolite screening research in Thailand.
Seed Decay Fungi Seed decaying fungi are a group of species on decaying seeds in the Thai fungi associated with seeds or any sexual forest waiting to be discovered and tested propagules of plant that usually referred to their bioactive properties. The intensive 45 as ‘seeds’. They are saprophytes and play study of this fungal group is, therefore, an important role in recycling nutrients in continued on seeds of the Dipterocarpaceae, the forest ecosystem. The study on seed a major tree family of the principality, to decay fungi has recorded over hundred gain the ecological information on species including a number of new taxa. microorganisms in relation to the major Many isolates of them have also shown to trees of the forest, and to provide the produce bioactive compounds with living cultures for further biotechnological pharmaceutical potential. These results research and utilization. indicate that there are many more fungal
Coelomyceteous Fungi
Coelomycetes is a unique continued to collect and isolate taxonomic group which has few experts coelomycetes from the natural forest and poor research worldwide. This fungal habitat and deposit them into BIOTEC group plays an important role in the Herbarium and BIOTEC Culture Collection. ecosystem as saprophytes, parasites, Any new species discovered from this study endophytes and mutualist organisms. will be described and published. Herbarium Some coelomycetes have also possessed specimens and living cultures yielded from the ability in producing bioactive compounds this study will support further taxonomic with pharmaceutical potential and as research and biotechnology exploitation. biological control agents. This study is
Bioresources Technology Unit Palm Fungi of a Peat Swamp Forest
An unusual habitat for fungi is the been described from material collected in peat swamp forest in the southern province Thailand. Molecular studies have shown that of Narathiwat, where species-colonizing the Order Jahnulales are a unique group senescent, decaying palms fronds are of freshwater ascomycetes warranting under investigation. Over 100 fungi have ordinal status. been recorded, of which many are new species, with at least one new genus. A newly established project is to Differences have been noted between the document the Basidiomycetes colonizing fungal community colonizing submerged palm leaves (sheath, petiole, lamina). While fronds and those in a dried environment, the Ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi are as still attached to the plant. Molecular well documented, the literature on palm studies of some palm fungi thought to Basidiomycetes is widely scattered and be new genera or species have been lacks in-depth study. undertaken. Projects are also in progress to As part of the palm project we are examine the lignolytic activity of wood attempting to classify various anamorphic inhabiting Xylariales and Basidiomycetes taxa. A number of Jahnula species have on palms. 46 Fungal Herbarium
As one of the major research To qualify as an international herbarium responsibility is to study the biodiversity suitable for use by both Thais and of fungi in Thailand. Specimens collected foreign mycologists we registered the from natural places around the country fungal herbarium collections with the New form the basis of these biodiversity York Botanical Gardens (NYBG), USA studies. To date, a lot of samples giving the name BIOTEC Bangkok have been deposited in the Mycology Herbarium with the acronym BBH. Laboratory collections (approximately 20,000 samples). This is now increasing Therefore, the Mycology Laboratory at a rate of about 5,000 samples each now stores the largest collection of insect year. Such a herbarium is invaluable fungi in Thailand. Our responsibilities are for Thailand because it stores type and to preserve the good quality of the voucher specimens which would otherwise herbarium, maintain a good collecting have to be deposited overseas. system, develop an appropriate database supporting easy access to the specimens. The specimens have been dried, labeled, mounted, and filed according to widely accepted, international standards. Documentation of these collections are being entered in the computerized database, which is now the primary tool of herbarium management and research.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Kasetsart University 2. Burapa University 3. Chiangmai University 4. National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Netherlands 2. City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China 3. Portsmouth University, United Kingdom 4. Oregon State University, USA 5. University Malaya, Malaysia 6. Food Research Institute, Taiwan 7. Institute of Fermentation, Japan 47 8. Hong Kong University, Hong Kong SAR, China 9. Landcare, New Zealand 10. Bhutan Government, Bhutan
Research Staff
1. Nigel Hywel-Jones, Ph.D. 2. Sayanh Somrithipol, Ph.D. (Insect Pathology, Exeter University, (Forestry, Kasetsart University, UK) Thailand)
Bioresources Technology Unit 2. Phylogenetics Laboratory The Phylogenetics laboratory production. was established at BIOTEC in 2001 as a part of the Bioresources Research One of our missions is to provide Program. Our aim is to better understand support to other BIOTEC laboratories the evolutionary relationships of plants and to help focus on the search for novel and microorganisms, especially fungi in metabolites. For this we need to develop a diverse taxonomic and ecological groups. wider range of molecular genetic methods, The major target organisms include based on multi-gene sequence analyses, various fungal groups such as invertebrate- to help in identification and rapid detection. pathogenic, endophytic, palm, freshwater Besides our core research, we take pride and marine fungi. We want to establish a in educating undergraduate and graduate molecular framework to better understand students from foreign and national their genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and universities and other institutions. their potential in enzyme and metabolite
Invertebrate-Pathogenic Fungi
48 There are about 700 species of and phylogenetics of invertebrate- invertebrate-pathogenic fungi now known pathogenic fungi. Our main focus is on the from several taxonomic regions of the evolutionary relationships, biodiversity and Kingdom Fungi. In the past seventeen years population biology of closely related fungal of forest survey and collection, there are pathogens of arthropods, especially those now more than 400 species reported from species that are remarkably difficult to natural forests in Thailand – more than any identify morphologically with certainty. other country in the World. The majority of species reported from Thailand are members of the three families in the Order Hypocreales (Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae). It is this group of fungi that has provided the greatest number of unique and highly potent biologically active compounds thus far investigated by BIOTEC scientists. Our research deals mainly with the systematics
Marine Fungi
Higher marine fungi are those which have the ability to germinate and form mycelia under natural marine conditions (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer, 1979). Recently, Jones et al. (2009) listed 530 species including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and anamorphic taxa in the monograph of the higher marine fungi.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Since the classification of marine fungi is not possible based on morphological features (and often ultrastructural studies), the phylogenetic relationships must be established using a molecular approach based on a wide range of genes. We evaluate Unitunicate marine ascomycetes, Dothideomycetes and the anamorphic fungi at different taxonomic levels, so as to better understand their inter-relationships and evolution.
Molecular Identification of Endophytic and Non-Sporulating Fungi which Produce Antimicrobial Substances
Endophytic fungi have been widely used tool for their identification to recognized as useful sources of bioactive allow comparisons from high taxonomic secondary metabolites. They live levels down to the species levels. asymptomatically within plant parts, intercellularly or intracellularly, for at least part of their life cycle. Endophytic fungi have the ability to produce bioactive 49 substances against human pathogens. Various plants such as Garcinia species, mangrove plant, seagrasses as well as seaweeds were selected for fungal endophyte isolation and screened for their antimicrobial activity. As many endophytes are sterile when isolated onto agar media, phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA sequences has become the most
Saprophytic and Endophytic Fungi from Nypa fruticans
We have focused on fungi collected from Thailand which colonize several different palm genera. These palms occur in terrestrial, peat swamp and freshwater habitats. The palm Nypa fruticans usually grows in 20% saline water. However it can also be found from a wide range of salinities, from sea water to estuarine (brackish) water and freshwater. Theoretically, ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are mostly terrestrial species which have migrated into the sea. Nevertheless the origin of marine fungi remains inconclusive. Therefore, mangrove forests could be transitional regions for the migration of marine fungi.
Bioresources Technology Unit Anatomically, Nypa palm petioles and bases are large and could be the reservoir for a wide range of fungi, because of the rich food reserve. The objectives of our research group are to document the fungal diversity of Thailand, to isolate into axenic cultures and to screen for bioactive compounds.
Aquatic Fungi
Aquatic fungi, including Lignicolous Freshwater fungi and Ingoldian fungi play an important role in colonization and degradation of organic matter in the natural freshwater environment. In Thailand, over 400 species were investigated according to their diversity, ecological niche and morphology. Of this number, most were previously undocumented in Thailand, and at least 20% are probably novel to 50 fungal science.
Polyketide Synthases (PKS)
Genome sequencing efforts collection here at BIOTEC, we also on filamentous fungi have revealed an explored PKS gene diversity from several unexpectedly large number of secondary groups of fungi to see how they evolved metabolite genes and gene clusters, and to predict their product compounds. especially polyketide synthases (PKS) In entomopathogenic fungi, the existence and nonribosomal peptide synthetases of several PKS and NRPS genes may be (NRPS). These two groups of genes have responsible for the production of toxic great potential for rational biosynthesis. We compounds that play roles in their isolated genes using degenerate-primed pathogenicity. In addition to these PCR techniques and library screening, metabolite biosynthetic genes, mating followed by study of their functions by type genes are also of interest. Besides employing gene disruption or heterologous the evolutionary aspect, study of mating expression. Heterologous expression of type genes may also open up the these genes could be used as “cell intriguing possibility of inducing mating factories” for bioactive compound and sexual reproduction as alternative production. strain improvement strategies for entomopathogenic fungi. To make uses of our huge fungal
Awards
1. Best poster presentation Suetrong S., Klaysuban A., Loilong A., Sakayaroj J., Phongpaichit S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of three selected marine ascomycetes
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Carinispora nypae, Helicascus nypae and Tirisporella beccariana) from Nypa fruticans in Thailand inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA and protein sequences. 13th BRT Annual Meeting, 12-14 October 2009, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2. Third price poster presentation (Fungal Diversity/Ecology Session) Mongkolsamrit, S. et al. 2007. Diversity of Hypocrella and its anamorph Aschersonia in Thailand. Asian Mycology Congress (AMC2007) and 10th International Marine and Freshwater Mycology Symposium (IMFMS). 2-6 December 2007. Penang, Malaysia 3. Outstanding Master of Science Thesis 2007 Nattawut Rungjindamai. Endophytic Fungi from Garcinia spp. which produce antimicrobial substances under Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Prince of Songkla University 2. Mahidol University 3. Kasetsart University 4. Walailak Unviersity 5. Assumption University 51
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan 2. University Malaya, Malaysia 3. Oregon State University, USA 4. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), the Netherlands 5. North Carolina state University, USA 6. University of California, USA
Research Staff
1. Prof. E. B. Gareth Jones, Ph.D. (Physiology of Marine Fungi, Leeds University U.K.) 2. Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Ph.D. (Tropical Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Thailand) 3. Jariya Sakayaroj, Ph.D. (Prince of Songkla Univeristy, Thailand) 4. Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin, Ph.D. (Plant Pathology, University of California, USA) 5. Juntira Punya, Ph.D. (Bioscience, University of Westminster, UK)
Bioresources Technology Unit 52 Information Systems Program Systems Information
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1. The Information Systems Laboratory
The Information Systems infrastructure that (1) provides the Laboratory (ISL, http://isl.biotec.or.th) at systematic collection, preservation and BIOTEC was formed to conduct research distribution of bioresources and (2) and development in information technology facilitates the search-and-discovery of to establish and enhance the information exploitable bioresources.
Bioresource Data Management
ISL has carried out several projects The GSM (Gene Sequence on data management for research in Management) project at ISL is to develop bioresource utilization. a web-based phylogenetics analysis pipeline system for automating the The MIMS (Microbial Information workflow of molecular sequence-based Management System) project was microbial identification and collecting gene established as an in-house database sequences for characterization of specific system for managing the taxonomic, microbes. ecological, bibliographic and graphic information of the microbial culture 5353 collection at the Bioresources Technology Center. The key features of MIMS include the storage of specimen-related information and the processing of bioassay data and field biology/ecology data to allow scientists to search for samples and activity relationships. More than 30 000 strains of microbes are now available in the MIMS database.
Mo-SingTo is another system developed by ISL to improve and facilitate data collection in the field. We have applied the J2ME (JAVA 2 Platform, Micro Edition) technology to implement this plot-based survey application running on the PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants). Mo-SingTo has been used in conducting repeated census of trees at Mo-SingTo research site, Khoa Yai National Park, Thailand. Unlike other softwares, Mo-SingTo is not a paper tally sheet template, but an integrated tree inventory and mapping system that can help increase the efficacy and reliability of the data collection process.
Bioresources Technology Unit fingerprints, (3) identifying and removing irrelevant attributes from the data, and (4) building the classification model of biological activity. Based on its flexibility in performing exploratory analysis and user friendly web interface, sMOL Explorer is a powerful tool to facilitate the prescreening process.
54 Moreover, to increase the success rate of screening for useful compounds from bioresources, ISL has developed an open source integrated suite, sMOL Explorer, a web-enabled database and exploration tool for Small MOLecules, providing necessary tools for chemists to explore and mine chemical datasets. sMOL Explorer is a 2D ligand based computational tool that includes three major functionalities: data management, information retrieval and extraction, and statistical analysis and data mining through a Web interface. With sMOL Explorer, users can create personal databases of small molecules using a drawing interface or uploading the data GIST is a GIS-based tool files from internal and external projects implemented to provide guidance for into the sMOL database. Then, the database measuring, monitoring, and evaluating of can be browsed and queried with textual patterns and changes in biodiversity of and structural similarity search. Molecules microorganisms to make better decisions of interest can also be submitted to search on collecting and screening the microbes against external public databases for natural product. Using the measures including PubChem, KEGG, DrugBank and of bioactive diversity (BD) and phylogenetic eMolecules. Users can also easily access diversity (PD), derived from the branch a variety of data mining tools to perform length of bioactive dendrogram and analysis including (1) finding common phylogenetic tree, GIST can describe and substructure, (2) clustering the molecular compare how the chemical and genetic
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology diversity varied among microbes in different geographic areas.
iCollect is a generic software to support the laboratory’s inventory management of biological collections at BIOTEC. iCollect allows users to create any type of sample containers and storage devices, store any type of samples and collections, graphically view the content of all levels of storages, generate and print barcode , easily aliquot/derive/extract any number of samples from another and search any information in the collection. Using the barcode assigned by iCollect, users can 5555 easily find a sample’s position in the storage, and add a sample to a selected storage position. The in and out movement of samples in the storage are recorded and view of the samples, users can trace the tracked for audit trail. In the graphical tree aliquot/sample back to its original parent.
In addition, we are building other bio-resources databases, developing the web interface for researchers to find as much bioresources information from our central database as possible and providing more informatics tools written by our specialists for data analysis, comparison and visualization.
Sharing and Networking Microbial Information Resources
To increase awareness of BIOTEC also been involved in the establishment Culture Collection (BCC) and facilitate of the information network on culturable access to information and biological microbes, known as the Thailand Network materials developed at BIOTEC to the on Culture Collections (TNCC), by scientific community, we have implemented supporting web-based tools at http://tncc. an online service at http://bcc.biotec.or.th biotec.or.th/tncc for data sharing among where researchers can search, browse members and providing users with one stop and order strains of their interest in a service. In regional data network, the ISL mouse click. At the national level, we have staff has participated in a working group
Bioresources Technology Unit to develop and standardize shared and ACM database at http://th.abrcn.net exchanged data among 12 Asian member enables researchers in Thailand and countries of the Asian Consortium for the neighboring countries with easier access to Conservation and Sustainable Use of information. Microbial Resources (ACM). The integrated
Omics Data Analysis and Tools 56 With the aim of understanding the biological significance of the molecular diversity found in nature, the ISL also focuses on machine learning and data mining techniques applied to Bioinformatics, Chemoinformatics, Metabolomics and Transcriptomics in collaboration with various research groups in Thailand. In particular, researchers at ISL are working on the development of methods and tools in the following topics:
• The prediction of protein subcellular localization
• The prediction of various biological interactions such as protein-protein, protein-DNA, and microRNA-target. The µPC is freely available at http:// www.biotec.or.th/isl/micropc.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology • A set of analytic tools for exploring • EST data analysis pipeline domain architectures, domain graphs, To support better project management domain distances, and putative and provide more comprehensive networks of protein-protein interactions. collection of analysis tools, ESTplus The d-Omix web server is freely was developed to allow users to man- available at http://www.biotec.or.th/isl/ age EST libraries and provide neces- Domix. sary tools for performing a traditional EST analysis: sequence cleansing, clustering, assembling and annotating.
5757
Development of Interactive Training Digital Media
The ISL was sponsored by Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization (WHO) to design and produce the following digital media.
• The interactive training CD-ROM: “Malaria: Genomics and Functional Genomics Research Tools, version 1.2,” 2007 (ISBN 978 92 4 159531 5)
• The interactive training DVD: “Functional Genomics of Malaria Parasites: Transfection Technology,” 2008 (ISBN 978 92 4 159655 8)
Bioresources Technology Unit Award
The RECOMB 2008 Poster Special Commendation Award from the 12th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB 2008), 30 March – 2 April 2008 for the project entitled “ATGC-Dom: Alignment, Tree, and Graph for Comparative proteomes by DOMain architecture”. (Dr. Duangdao Wichadakul and Information System staffs)
58
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA 2. Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization (WHO), Switzerland 3. Working Group on Data Network for Asian Consortium for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Microbial Resources (ACM)
Research Staff
1. Supawadee Ingsriswang, Ph.D. (Information Systems, University of Maryland, USA) 2. Duangdao Wichadakul, Ph.D. (Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, USA)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2. Geoinformatics Laboratory
The Geoinformatics Section aims bio-ecological and land databases for to develop high quality spatial databases sustainable management of natural needed for bio-ecological resources and ecosystems, biodiversity, forestry and land resources management and agriculture. The Section will also support monitoring. The technologies employed post graduate students and researchers are: Geographic Information System to do research on the applications of these (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies and the use of databases for and Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS). The sustainable ecology and environment. Unit will promote the applications of the
Ecosystems of the Bala Wildlife Sanctuary and Their Impact Assessment
The Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary acquired and interpreted for land use and under the Hala-Bala Wildlife Research land cover. Tree species along the two Station, Department of National Park, nature trails and wild animal trails have been Wildlife and Plant Conservation, is surveyed and located in a GIS format. contained within two separate forests, 5959 Hala and Bala. This sanctuary and the This project divides the Bala Malaysian Tropical Rain Forest are the forest into several sub-ecosystem units largest Tropical Rain Forests in the according to the plant community, Peninsula, which collectively is one of the slope and gradient and catch- three Tropical Rainforests of the world. ments using GIS and remote In addition, this sanctuary is called as sensing techniques. Data Indo-Malaysian Rain Forest as it has many and information in each rare tree species that are important to sub-ecological unit collected eco-biodiversity of Thailand. Some tree are soil morphology, species are found only in this sanctuary. characteristics, physical and chemical properties, underlying This project studies only the Bala rock, topography and tree forest, which is a natural forest ecosystem communities. Vegetation unit, a functional result of abiotic, biotic with minor anthropogenic disturbance. The major part of the sanctuaries is covered by dense lowland and hill evergreen forests, though small rim parts are under plantations. Local people around the sanctuary collect forest products for their livelihoods.
The GIS databases prepared are administrative, villages, important locations, infrastructures, water resources, soil, geology, landform, contour lines, slope and slope aspect and land use. Aerial photograph and satellite data are
Bioresources Technology Unit covered is classified from high resolution The impact will be assessed from satellite imagery and aerial photographs. soil erosion, landslide and collected Additional data including rainfall, ground forest products by the people living in cover, soil erodibility, slope gradient and the development zone. In addition, soil human use are analyzed for land suitability classes for crop production in degradation risk zoning. The sub-ecosystem the development zone will be produced units, wild animals and trails, land for land use planning and sufficiency degradation risk zones and the forest living of the dwellers around the Bala product collection areas will be used sanctuary. The information obtained for ecosystem sensitivity zoning including from the Bala forest will be disseminated preservation and conservation zones. The through electronic media and posters. A area within a five kilometer radius from training/workshop will be organized for the Bala forest will be identified as the the Sanctuary staff and the Tambon development or buffer zone. Administrative Organization (TAO).
Flora Survey in the Nature Trail of Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Following the completion of the complete the data collection on those survey for the Database and Geographic remaining plant species and store it in the 60 Information System Development on Plant Bala Info Database. Biodiversity in the Hala-Bala Forest in Southern Thailand, one of the main According to the recent field objectives of the work is to develop the survey, we collected the specimens from GIS and database on biodiversity of the 399 plants. Currently, 165 plants were plants along the 2,000 m long nature trail. successfully identified by the taxonomists It was found that 1,882 individual plants and their information are stored in the were observed along the nature trail database. In addition, the additional comprising 327 species, 196 genera and data of 337 herb and edible plant species 79 families. Plant species information and 64 forage plant species in Hala-Bala which is both taxonomic and geographic forest studied by National Park Wildlife and data was systematically stored in the Plant Conservation Department were also database. However, it is clear that there input into the database. Moreover, the are many plant species in the nature trail online version of GIS database of plants yet to be identified. Hence, this project is in nature trail is being developed and expected to be partly a renewal of the has been available since the end of 2007. previous mentioned project in order to
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology The Sugarcane (Saccharum) Spatial Database Development for Production Improvement and Supply Management
Although total sugarcane production of sugarcane supply to industry may occur in Thailand varies from year to year in the future. according to crop yields and varieties, topography, soil and moisture conditions, This study creates the germplasm rainfall distribution and crop management, databases, yield trials of the new hybrid a downward trend in production has varieties and GIS data including been apparent in recent years. For topography, soils and climate for suitability instance, from 74.06 M tons in 2002 to of the new cane variety. The cane 42 M tons in 2005, a 57% decrease. suitability maps are displayed at province, The average yields decreased from 11 districts and sub-districts levels, while tons/rai in 2002 to 7.37 ton/rai in 2005. village information is useful for local cane The decreasing yields are due to management. Remote sensing data will plantation in unsuitable areas, soil provide annual near real-time land use/ nutrition depletion, drought, insufficient land cover. The results include suitable and and erratic rainfall and insect and disease inappropriate cane land uses that may be damage. Moreover, the sugarcane growing useful information for policy and decision areas have high competition with cassava makers as well as for cane farmers. and para-rubber. Hence, severe shortage 6161
Biology Study and Pollen Distribution of Papaya by Computer Modeling with GIS System
This study, GIS and Modeling of developed and the very high resolution papaya-pollen distribution is a part of satellite data and aerial photographs will experiments on papaya growing under be employed for actual land use around closed laboratory and field trials in the experimental plot. Under the closed Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart laboratory, the number of pollen grain University. The GIS databases will be distribution will be collected weekly at
Bioresources Technology Unit different stations and a modeling will be developed. In the field trial, the climatic data and pollen grain distribution are collected. The amount of pollen grains and distance from the point source will be analyzed and a model will be developed.
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 2. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 62 3. Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 4. The Office of the Cane and Sugar Board 5. The Asian Institute of Technology 6. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuary 7. Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Research Staff
Apisit Eiumnoh, Ph.D. (Pedology, North Carolina University, USA)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 3. Ecology Laboratory
The Ecology Laboratory is involved they must be permanently marked and primarily with projects that involve precisely mapped. Groups of animals or monitoring-remote and ground-based-of plants of interest are accurately censused ecosystems and communities. and studied. The research sites monitored by the Ecology Laboratory are located in Ecological monitoring is the study forest environments, and are also referred of the dynamics of and changes in to as “Forest Dynamics Plots” because the ecosystems and their components. It is emphasis is on the complete mapping and an activity that, if it is to be professional inventory of all trees. One important goal and effective, is labor and time intensive. of forest dynamics plots is to monitor the It has many purposes and benefits and diversity of tree species and understand the may require expertise from many fields ecological processes that regulate it. Trees of biology and other fields such as and woody vines are the dominant forms chemistry and information science. of life and primary producers in the Ecosystem monitoring activities can help forest, and the study of all other ecological biotechnology by identifying important processes and interactions generally begins sources of natural products such as with a complete tree census. pharmaceutical compounds, and by 6363 helping to manage and conserve the One of the most important and ecosystems that produce these. In the difficult tasks in any monitoring program, process of monitoring activities, new especially in tropical environments, is species are often discovered with unusual identification of the organisms. Proper ecological roles and chemical properties. identification requires the preparation of Such unpredictable discoveries are voucher specimens and their storage in beginning to be made in the areas under accredited museums or herbaria. Without study by BIOTEC researchers. such proper treatment of specimens, the research is not professional and may not be Monitoring necessarily involves publishable in an international journal. The the establishment of “LTERS” or Long Ecology Laboratory, in fact, spends a large Term Ecological Research Sites, where portion of its effort in collection, preparation detailed and quantitative measurements and identification of plant specimens from can be made and repeated in time in the research plots, and does this as a service to same places. LTERS may be located in any all persons carrying out research in them. kind of habitat, terrestrial or aquatic, but
The Mo Singto Research Site
The first research to be carried out from Germany, United State of America, at the Mo Singto research site was studies United Kingdom. and other countries, of the social behavior, communication, and as well as Thailand, have conducted ecology of gibbons (Hylobates lar). The their thesis projects there. The lack Mo Singto site, 0.5–1.0 km from the park of a published botanical guide to the headquarters, is covered with good canopy flora of Khao Yai, however, made forest and has a relatively dense population studies of gibbon diet rather difficult, as of gibbons in it. Since 1980, researchers every year new species of fruit of trees
Bioresources Technology Unit and lianas would be collected but could A number of important ecological not be identified. In 1996, Mahidol questions are being investigated on the Mo researchers decided to establish a Singto Plot. The most important questions permanent forest dynamics plot over the concern the long-term dynamics of the plant home range of the main gibbon study community and its responses to climate group, which was well habituated to change, particularly to global warming. One observers. This project was supported interesting question is why some trees are by the Biodiversity Research and Training common, and many others rare. To help Program under BIOTEC, and was carried answer this question, we must understand out by researchers associated with the distribution and dynamics of each Mahidol University’s Institute of Science individual species on the plot. Evidence is and Technology for Research and accumulating that the tree community is Development. not in a stable equilibrium, but is in a state of change and flux, with some species The first tree census of the Mo increasing and others declining. Singto plot, including all stems >10 cm diameter, on the 30-hectare plot was In order to understand the completed in the 2000–2001 dry season, dynamics of individual tree species, and soon after a census of lianas or woody ecologists are investigating the dispersal vines over 3 cm in diameter was also and recruitment of the species on the done. The total number of tagged, plot to determine how their processes 64 measured and mapped trees was 16,375 affect the demography of the species. and the total number of lianas was 9,510. Particular attention is being paid to The liana census was particularly difficult species whose seeds are swallowed and because specimens of reproductive dispersed by frugivores such as gibbons, material for identification had to be deer, and birds. Dispersal mutualisms retrieved from the canopy, and the liana (interactions) play a vital role in flora of the park was completely unknown determining the future of both plants previously. The tree census included 200 and the animals that depend on them. species on the plot and the liana census about 120 species. About 40 additional liana species have been collected in other parts of the park surrounding the plot. It is proving to be possible to identify liana species from vegetative characteristics alone: the shape and texture of the stem, branching pattern, color of the sap and inner bark and wood, etc. A guide will be prepared for field identification of lianas, which will greatly facilitate future inventories and also the search for natural products, as very few lianas have been examined for useful chemicals.
A new census of all trees and shrubs down to 1 cm in diameter at breast height was carried out in the dry season of 2004–2005. This involved mapping of over 100,000 additional stems and storing them in a database.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Smaller Research Plots
In addition to the Mo Singto Plot, plots are located in forests that have been which is 30 hectares in area, two smaller selectively logged in the past, but are now plots of 4 hectares have been established regenerating back into mature forest. The by the Ecology Laboratory, are in Sam objectives of these plots are to evaluate Lan Waterfall National Park near Saraburi, increase in biomass and biodiversity, and the other is Bala Wildlife Sanctuary in the role of each species. Narathiwat Province in the South. Both
Future Research Directions
The variety of important research topics that can be carried out on permanent research plots like the one at Mo Singto is astounding. The detailed study of interactions between plants and animals, and also fungi and microbes, will eventually lead to discovery of many new products. Such interactions are largely governed by allelochemicals and nutrients, which either 6565 facilitate or inhibit interactions. By investing in long term research plots we will enable identify all the organisms present and explore their relationships. It is a long term investment in biotechnology that can pay off in many different ways. The establishment of new long term research sites is justified in terms of biodiversity inventory, monitoring of the environment, and research on communities and ecosystems. Several new sites are now being established by the Ecology Laboratory team. This includes one in Saraburi in the Sam Lan Waterfall National Park and another in Hala Bala wildlife sanctuary in Narathiwat Province. These will be smaller (4 ha) plots in previously disturbed and partly logged forest, and one of the objectives is to determine how fast the forest is regenerating in these sites. The role of seed dispersing animals in regeneration will also be explored. Plots in these sites also have a strong educational value, and the role of databases and GIS maps in educational activities is also being explored.
Bioresources Technology Unit Awards
1. Outstanding Research Awards 2007 from the Thailand Research Fund (Prof. Warren Brockelman)
2. Biosphere (MAB) Young Scientists Awards Winners 2007, The Third Thai winning this award (Ms. Anuttara Nathalang)
3. Consolation Poster Award from the 4th Science and Technology Annual Meeting Institue of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University (Ms. Anuttara Nathalang)
Collaboration with Local Scientists
1. Chiang Mai University Herbarium, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University
2. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok
3. School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 66 Collaboration with International Scientists
1. Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Insitute, Washington, D.C., USA
2. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
3. University of Californai, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Research Staff
1. Prof. Warren Y. Brockelman, Ph.D. (Zoology, University of Michigan, USA)
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Publication (2004-September 2009)
BIORESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROGRAM
BIOTEC Culture Collection Laboratory
1 Jindamorakot, S., Am-in, S.,Thuy, T.T., 8 Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Potacharoen, W., Duy, N.D., Kawasaki, H., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen. Limtong, S., Tanticharoen, M. and Nakase, And Yamada, Y. 2004. Gluconobacter T. 2004. Candida easanensis sp. nov., albidus (ex Kondo and Ameyama 1958) sp. Candida pattaniensis sp. nov., and Candida nov., nom. Rev., an acetic acid bacterium nakhonratchasimensis sp. nov., three new in the alpha- Proteobacteria. J Gen Appl species of yeasts isolated from insect frass in Microbiol, 50:235-242. Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 50:261-269. 9 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Potacharoen, W., 2 Nakase, T., Jan-ngam, H., Tsuzuki, S., Tanasupawat, S., Tanticharoen, M., and Lee, F.W., Jindamorakot, S., Potacharoen, W., Yamada, Y. 2005. Neoasaia chiangmaiensis Tanticharoen, M. and Takashima, M. 2004. gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmotolerant Two new ballistoconidium-forming yeast acetic acid bacterium in the alpha- species, Bullera melastomae and Bullera Proteobacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 51:301- formosana, found in Taiwan. Syst Apply 311. Microbiol, 27:558-564. 10 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., 3 Nakase, T., Tsuzuki, S., Lee, F.L., Jindamorakot, Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., S., Jan-ngam, H., Potacharoen, W., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and Tanticharoen, M., Kudo, T. and Takashima, Yamada, Y. 2006. Heterogeneity of strains M. 2004. Bullera begoniae sp. nov. and assigned to Gluconobacter frateurii Mason Bullera setariae sp. nov., two new species and Claus 1989 based on restriction analysis 67 of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts in the of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer Bullera variabilis (Bulleribasidium) cluster regions. Biosci Biotehnol Biochem, 70:684- solated from plants in Taiwan. Mycoscience, 690. 45:287-294. 11 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Sugita, T., 4 Tanasupawat, S., Thawai, C., Yukphan, P., Am-in, S., Kawasaki, H., Potacharoen, W. Moonmangmee, D., Itoh, T., Adachi, O. and and Tanticharoen, M. 2006. Trichosporon Yamada, Y. 2004. Gluconobacter thailandicus siamense sp. nov. isolated from insect frass sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the in Thailand. Mycoscience, 47:106-109. alpha-Proteobacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 12 Takahashi, M., Yukphan, P., Yamada, Y., 50:159-167. Suzuki, K.I., Sakane , T. and Nakagawa, Y. 5 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Takahashi, M., 2006. Intrageneric structure of the genus Potacharoen, W., Busabun, T., Tanasupawat, Gluconobacter analyzed by the 16S rRNA S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene internal Yamada, Y. 2004. Re-identification of transcribed spacer sequences. J Gen Appl Gluconobacter strains based on restriction Microbiol, 52(3):187-193. analysis of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed 13 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Potacharoen, spacer region. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 50: W., Tanasupawat, S., Tanticharoen, M. and 189-195. Yamada, Y. 2006. Neoasaia chiangmaiensis 6 Yukphan, P., Potacharoen, W., Nakagawa, Yukphan et al. 2006. In List of new names Y., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2004. and new combinations previously, but not Identification of strains assigned to the validly, published, validation List no 108. Int genus Gluconobacter asai 1935 based on J Syst Evol Microbiol, 56(1):499-500. the sequence and their restriction analyses 14 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Takahashi, M., of the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, spacer regions. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 50:9-15. S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and 7 Yukphan, P., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, Yamada, Y. 2006. Identification of strains S., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2004. assigned to the genus Asaia Yamada et al. Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov., an acetic acid 2000 based on restriction analysis of 16S- bacterium in the alpha-Proteobacteria. Int J 23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. Syst Evol Micr, 54:313-316. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 52(1):55-62.
Bioresources Technology Unit 15 Huong, V.T.L., Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., 23 Imanishi, Y., Jindamorakot, S., Mikata, Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Loan, K., Nakagiri, A., Potacharoen, W., L.T.T., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. Tanticharoen, M. and Nakase, T. 2008. 2007. Identification of Thai isolates assigned Two new ascomycetous anamorphic yeast to the genus Asaia based on 16S rDNA species related to Candida friedrichii - restriction analysis. J Gen Appl Microbiol, Candida jaroonii sp. nov., and Candida 53(4):259-264. songkhlaensis sp. nov. - isolated in Thailand . 16 Huong, V.T.L., Malimas, T.,Yukphan, P., Anton Leeuw Int J G, 94(2):267-276. Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Loan, 24 Jindamorakot, S., Limtong, S., Yongmanitchai, L.T.T., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2007. W., Tuntirungkij, M., Potacharoen, W., Identification of Thai isolates assigned to the Kawasaki, H., Tanticharoen, M., and Nakase, genus Gluconobacter based on 16S-23S T. 2008. Candida ratchasimensis sp. nov. rDNA ITS restriction analysis. J Gen Appl and Candida khaoyaiensis sp. nov., two Microbiol, 53(2):133-142. anamorphic yeast species isolated from 17 Jindamorakot, S., Limtong, S., Yongmanitchai, flowers in Thailand. Fems Yeast Res, 8(6): W., Tuntirungkij, M., Potacharoen, W., 955-960. Kawasaki, H. and Nakase, T. 2007. Two new 25 Kommanee, J., Akaracharanya, A., Tanasupawat, anamorphic yeasts, Candida thailandica sp. S., Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Nakagawa, nov. and Candida lignicola sp. nov., isolated Y. and Yamada, Y. 2008. Identification of form insect frass in Thailand. Fems Yeast Res, Gluconobacter strains isolated in Thailand 7(8):1409-1414. based on 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS restriction 18 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Ann Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, Microbiol, 58(4):741-7. S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and 26 Kommanee, J., Akaracharanya, A., Tanasupawat, Yamada, Y . 2007. Gluconobacter kondonii S., Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Nakagawa, sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the Y., Yamada, Y. 2008. Identification of alpha-Proteobacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol, Acetobacter strains isolated in Thailand 68 53(5):301-307. based on 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS restriction 19 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Limtong, S., and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Ann Am-in, S., Kawasaki, H., Potacharoen, W. and Microbiol, 58(2):319-324. Tanticharoen, M. 2007. Candida kazuoi sp. 27 Limtong, S., Imanishi, Y., Jindamorakot, S., nov. and Candida hasegawae sp. nov., two Ninomiya, S., Yongmanitchai, W. and Nakase, new species of ascomycetous anamorphic T. 2008. Torulaspora maleeae sp.nov., a yeasts isolated from insect frass in Thailand. novel ascomycetous yeast species from J Gen Appl Microbiol, 53(4):239-245. Japan and Thailand. Fems Yeast Res, 8(2): 20 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Mikata, K., 337-343. Ninomiya, S., Kawasaki, H., Limtong, S., 28 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Potacharoen, W. and Tanticharoen, M. Muramatsu, Y., Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, 2007. Pichia koratensis sp. nov., a new W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., ascomycetous yeast related to Pichia acaciae Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2008. isolated from insect frass in Thailand. Gluconobacter roseus (ex Asai 1935) sp. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 53(6):345-351. nov., nom. rev., a pink-colored acetic acid 21 Tanasupawat,S., Pakdeeto, A., Thawai, C., bacterium in the alpha-Proteobacteria. Yukphan, P. and Okada, S. 2007. Identification J Gen Appl Microbiol, 54(2):119-125. of lactic acid bacteria from fermented tea 29 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., leaves (miang) in Thailand and proposals Muramatsu, Y., Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, of Lactobacillus thailandensis sp. nov., W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., Lactobacillus camelliae sp. nov., and Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2008. Pediococcus siamensis sp. nov. J Gen Appl Gluconobacter sphaericus (Ameyama 1975) Microbiol, 53(1):7-15. comb. nov., a brown pigment-producing 22 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Takahashi, M., acetic acid bacterium in the alpha- Kaneyasu, M., Potacharoen, W., Tanasupawat, Proteobacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol, S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen , M. and 54(4):211-20. Yamada, Y. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships 30 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., between the genera Swaminathania and Potacharoen, W., Busabun, T., Tanasupawat, Asaia, with reference to the genera Kozakia S., Nakagawa, Y., Tanticharoen, M. and and Neoasaia, based on 16S rDNA, 16S-23S Yamada, Y. 2008. Asaia lannaensis sp. rDNA ITS, and 23S rDNA sequences. J Gen nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the alpha- App Microbiol, 52(5):289-294. Proteobacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 72(3):666-671. yeast species Candida sanitii sp. nov., 31 Meerak, J., Yukphan, P., Miyashita, M., Candida sekii sp. nov. and Candida Sato, H., Nakagawa, Y. and Tahara, Y. 2008. suwanaritii, three novel yeasts in the Phylogeny of γ-polyglutamic acid-producing saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand. Bacillus strain isolated from a fermented Fems Yeast Res, 10(1): 114-122. locust bean product manufactured in West 39 Luangsakul, N., Keeratipibul, S., Jindamorakot, Africa. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 54(3):159-66. S. and Tanasupawat, S. 2009. Lactic 32 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Ninomiya, S., acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from the Imanishi, Y., Kawasaki, H. and Potacharoen, starter doughs for Chinese steamed buns W. 2008. Candida kanchanaburiensis sp. in Thailand. Lwt-Food Sci Technol, 42(8): nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species 1404-1412. related to Pichia nakazawae isolated in 40 Malimas, T., Yukphan, P., Takahashi, M., Thailand. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 54(5): Muramatsu, Y., Kaneyasu, M., Potacha- 259-265. roen, W., Tanasupawat, S., Nakagawa, Y., 33 Okane, I., Srikitikulchai, P., Toyama, K., Tanticharoen, M. and Yamada, Y. 2009. Læssøe, T., Sivichai, S., Hywel-Jones, N., Gluconobacter japonicus sp. nov., an acetic Nakagiri, A., Potacharoen, W. and Suzuki, acid bacterium in the alpha-Proteobacteria. K.I. 2008. Study of endophytic xylariaceae Int J Syst Evol Micr, 59(2):466-71. in Thailand: Diversity and taxonomy inferred 41 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Am-In, S., from rDNA sequence analyses with saprobes Ninomiya, S., Kawasaki, H. and Limtong, S. forming fruit bodies in the field. Mycoscience, 2009. Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov., a 49(6):359-372. new ascomycetous yeast species isolated in 34 Yamada, Y. and Yukphan, P. 2008. Genera Thailand. Fems Yeast Res, 9(4):663-667. and species in acetic acid bacteria. Int J Food 42 Nakase, T., Jindamorakot, S., Ninomiya, S., Microbial, 125(1):15-24. Imanishi, Y. and Kawasaki, H. 2009. Candida 35 Yukphan, P., Malimas, T., Muramatsu, Y., wancherniae sp. nov. and Candida morakotiae Takahashi, M., Kaneyasu, M., Tanasupawat, sp. nov., two novel ascomycetous anamorphic S., Nakagawa, Y., Suzuki, K., Potacharoen, yeast species found in Thailand. J Gen Appl 69 W. and Yamada, Y. 2008. Tanticharoenia Microbiol, 55(2):93-100. sakaeratensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new 43 Rosa, C.A., Jindamorakot, S., Limtong, S., osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium in the Nakase, T., Lachance, M.A., Fidalgo-Jiménez, alpha-Proteobacteria. Biosci Biotechnol A., Daniel, H.M., Pagnocca, F.C., Inácio, J. and Biochem, 72(3):672-676. Morais, P.B . 2009. Synonymy of the yeast 36 Boonmak, C., Jindamorakot, S., Kawasaki, genera Moniliella and Trichosporonoides and H., Yongmanitchai, W., Suwanarit, P., Nakase, proposal of Moniliella fonsecae sp. nov. and T. and Limtong, S. 2009. Candida siamensis five new species combinations.Int J Syst Evol sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in Micr, 59(2):425-9. the saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand. 44 Suriyachadkun, C., Chunhametha, S., Thawai, Fems Yeast Res, 9(4):668-672. C., Tamura, T., Potacharoen, W., Kirtikara, 37 Jindamorakot, S., Ninomiya, S., Limtong, K.and Sanglier, J.J. 2009. Planotetraspora S., Yongmanitchai, W., Tuntirungkij, M., thailandica sp. nov., isolated from soil in Potacharoen, W., Tanaka, K., Kawasaki, H. Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Micr, 59(5):992-997. and Nakase, T. 2009. Three new species 45 Tanasupawat, S., Kommanee, J., Malimas, of bipolar budding yeasts of the genus T., Yukphan, P., Nakagawa, Y. and Yamada, Hanseniaspora and its anamorph Kloeckera Y. 2009. Identification of acetobacter, isolated in Thailand. Fems Yeast Res, 9(8): gluconobacter, and asaia strains isolated 1327-1337. in Thailand based on 16S-23S rRNA gene 38 Limtong, S., Kaewwichian, R., Am-In, S., internal transcribed spacer restriction and Boonmak, C., Jindamorakot, S., 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Microbes Yongmanitchai, W., Srisuk, N., Kawasaki, H. Environ, 24:135-43. and Nakase, T. 2009. Three anamorphic DISCOVERY PROGRAM Bioresources Research Laboratory
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Bioresources Technology Unit M., Maithip, P., Supothina, S. and and Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. Isolation and Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. Isolation and structure elucidation of enniatins L, M1, M2, structure elucidation of a novel antimalarial and N: novel hydroxy analogs. Helv Chim macrocyclic polylactone, menisporopsin A, Acta, 87:2066-2073. from the fungus Menisporopsis theobromae. 13 Yenjai, C., Prasanphen, K., Daodee, S., J Nat Prod, 67(4):689-92. Wongpanich, V. and Kittakoop, P. 2004. 3 Jongrungruangchok, S., Kittakoop, P., Bioactive flavonoids from Kaempferia Yongsmith, B., Bavovada, R., Tanasupawat, parviflora. Fitoterapia, 75(1):89-92. S., Boonudomlap, U. and Thebtaranonth, 14 Chomcheon, P., Wiyakrutta, S., Sriubolmas, Y. 2004. Azaphilone pigments from a N., Ngamrojanavanich, N., Isarangkul, D., and yellow mutant of the fungus Monascus Kittakoop, P. 2005. 3-Nitropropionic acid kaoliang. Phytochemistry, 65(18):2569-2575. (3-NPA), a potent antimycobacterial agent 4 Kittakoop, P., Nopichai, S., Thongon, N., from endophytic fungi: Is 3-NPA in some Charoenchai, P. and Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. plants produced by endophytes. J Nat Prod, Bauhinoxepins A and B, new antimycobacterial 68(7):1103-1105. dibenzo[b,f]oxepins from Bauhinia 15 Isaka, M., Kittakoop, P., Kirtikara, K., saccocalyx. Helv Chim Acta, 87(1):175-179. Hywel-Jones, N.L. and Thebtaranonth, Y. 5 Limmatvapirat, C., Sirisopanaporn, S. and 2005. Bioactive substances from insect Kittakoop, P. 2004. Antitubercular and pathogenic fungi. Accounts Chem Res, antiplasmodial constituents of Abrus 38(10):813-823. precatorius. Planta Med, 70(3):276-8. 16 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S , Rachtawee, P., 6 Puntumchai, A., Kittakoop, P., Rajviroongit, Vimuttipong, S. and Kongsaeree, P. 2005. S., Vimuttipong, S., Likhitwitayawuid, K. and Unique diketopiperazine dimers from the Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. Lakoochins A and insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium B, new antimycobacterial stilbene derivatives hemipterigenum BCC 1449. Org Lett, from Artocarpus lakoocha. J Nat Prod, 7(11):2257-2260. 67(3):485-6. 17 Isaka, M., Rugseree, N., Maithip, P., 70 7 Rukachaisirikul, V., Pramjit, S., Pakawatchai, Kongsaeree, P., Prabpai, S. and C., Isaka, M. and Supotina, S. 2004. 10- Thebtaranonth, Y. 2005. Hirsutellones Membered macrolides from the insect A-E, antimycobacterial alkaloids from the pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris BCC insect pathogenic fungus Hirsutella nivea 2816. J Nat Prod, 67:1953-1955. BCC 2594. Tetrahedron, 61:5577-5583. 8 Sawadjoon, S., Kittakoop, P., Isaka, M., 18 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Sriklung, K., and Kirtikara, K., Madla, S. and Thebtaranonth, Kocharin, K. 2005. Clyclohexadepsipeptides Y. 2004. Antiviral and antiplasmodial from the insect pathogenic fungus Hirsutella spirodihydrobenzofuran terpenes from the nivea BCC 2594. J Nat Prod, 68(11):1680- fungus Stachybotrys nephrospora. Planta 1682. Med, 70(11):1085-1086. 19 Isaka,M., Palasarn, S., Kocharin, K. and 9 Seephonkai, P., Isaka, M., Kittakoop, P., Saenboonrueng, J. 2005. A cytotoxic Boonudomlap, U. and Thebtaranonth, Y. xanthone dimer from the entomopathogenic 2004. A novel ascochlorin glycoside from fungus Aschersonia sp. BCC 8401. J Nat the insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium Prod, 68:945-946. hemipterigenum BCC 2370. J Antibiot, 20 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Suvannakad, R., 57(1):10-16. Thienhirun, S., Prabpai, S., Kongsaeree, 10 Thawai, C., Kittakoop, P., Tanasupawat, P. and Tanticharoen, M. 2005. An anti- S., Suwanborirux, K., Sriklung, K. and herpes simplex virus-type 1 agent from Xylaria Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. Micromonosporin mellisii BCC 1005. Tetrahedron Lett, 46(8): A, a novel 24-membered polyene lactam 1341-1344. macrolide from Micromonospora sp. isolated 21 Rukachaisirikul, V., Tansakul, C., Saithong, S., from peat swamp forest. Chem Biodivers, Pakawatchai, C., Isaka, M. and Suvannakad, 1(4):640-645. R. 2005. Hirsutane sesquiterpenes from the 11 Vongvilai, P., Isaka, M., Kittakoop, P., fungus Lentinus conatus BCC 8996. J Nat Srikitikulchai, P., Kongsaeree, P. and Prod, 68:1674-1676. Thebtaranonth, Y. 2004. Novel ketene 22 Soonthorncharoennon, N., Sakayarojkul, acetal and spiroacetal from the marine M., Isaka, M., Mahakittikun, V., Chuakul, W. fungus Aigialus parvus BCC 5311. J Nat Prod, and Wongsinkongman, P. 2005. Acaricidal 67(3):457-60. daphanane diterpenoid from Trigonostemon 12 Vongvilai, P., Isaka, M., Kittakoop, P., reidioides (Kurz) craib roots. Chem Pharm Srikitikulchai, P., Kongsaeree, P., Prabpai, S. Bull, 53(2):241-243.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 23 Vongvanich, N., Kittakoop, P., Charoenchai, 34 Gale, G.A., Kirtikara, K., Pittayakhajonwut, P., Intamas, S., Danwisetkanjana, K., and P., Sivichai, S., Thebtaranonth, Y., Thebtaranonth, Y. 2005. Combretastatins Thongpanchang, C. and Vichai, V. 2007. In D-3 and D-4, new macrocyclic lactones search of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, anti- from Getonia floribunda. Planta Med, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti- 71(2):191-193. malarial drugs from Thai flora and microbes. 24 Arthan, D., Kittakoop, P.; Esen, A.; Svasti, J. Pharmacol Therapeut, 115:307-351. 2006. Furostanol glycoside 26-O-beta-glu- 35 Haritakun, R., Srikitikulchai, P., Khoyaiklang, cosidase from the leaves of Solanum torvum. P., Isaka, M. 2007. Isariotins A-D, alkaloids Phytochemistry, 67:27-33. from the insect pathogenic fungus Isaria 25 Chinworrungsee, M., Kittakoop, P., tenuipes BCC 7831. J Nat Prod, 70(9):1478- Saenboonrueng, J., Kongsaeree, P. and 1480. Thebtaranonth, Y. 2006. Bioactive compounds 36 Isaka, M. 2007. Novel bioactive compounds from the seed fungus Menisporopsis from insect pathogenic fungi. J Synth Org theobromae BCC 3975. J Nat Prod, 69: Chem Jpn, 65:700-708. 1404-1410. 37 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Kocharin, K. and 26 Isaka, M., Prathumpai, W., Wongsa, P. and Hywel-Jones, N. 2007. Comparison of Tanticharoen, M. 2006. Hirsutellone F, a the bioactive secondary metabolites from dimer of antitubercular alkaloids from the the scale insect pathogens, anamorph seed fungus Trichoderma species BCC 7579. Paecilomyces cinnamomeus and teleomorph Org Lett, 8(13):2815-2817. Torrubiella luteorostrata. J Antibiot, 60(9): 27 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Dramae, A., Madla, 577-581. S., Lartpornmatulee, N., Boonyuen, N. and 38 Isaka, M., Boonkhao, B., Rachtawee, P. and Tanticharoen, M. 2006. Depsidones from the Auncharoen, P. 2007. A xanthocillin-like endophytic fungus BCC 8616. J Nat Prod, alkaloid from the insect pathogenic fungus 69:1361-1363. Cordyceps brunnearubra BCC 1395. J Nat 28 Rukachaisirikul, V., Chantaruk, S., Prod, 70:656-658. Pongcharoen, W., Isaka, M. and Lapanun, 39 Isaka,M., Srisanoh, U., Lartpornmatulee, 71 S. 2006. Chromone derivatives from the N. and Boonruangprapa, T. 2007. ES-242 filamentous fungus Lachnum sp. BCC 2424. derivatives and cycloheptapeptides from J Nat Prod, 69:980-982. Cordyceps sp. strains BCC 16173 and BCC 29 Rukachaisirikul, V., Chantaruk, S., Tansakul, 16176. J Nat Prod, 70(10):1601-1604. C., Saithong, S., Chaicharernwimonkoon, 40 Isaka, M.,Berkaew, P., Intereya, K., Komwijit, S. L., Pakawatchai, C., Isaka, M. and Intereya, and Sathitkunanon, T. 2007. Antiplasmodial K.. 2006. A cyclopeptide from the insect and antiviral cyclohexadepsipeptides from pathogenic fungus Cordyceps sp. BCC 1788. the endophytic fungus Pullularia sp. BCC J Nat Prod, 69:305-307. 8613. Tetrahedron, 63:6855-6860. 30 Seephonkai, P., Kongsaeree, P., Prabpai, 41 Isaka, M.,Palasarn, S., Lapanun, S. and S., Isaka, M. and Thebtaranonth, Y. 2006. Sriklung, K.. 2007. Paecilodepsipeptide Transformation of an irregularly bridged A, an antimalarial and antitumor epidithiodiketopiperazine to Trichodermamide cyclohexadepsipeptide from the insect A. Organic Letters, 8(14):3073-3075. pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces 31 Techaprasan, J., Ngarmriabsakul, C., cinnamomeus BCC 9616. J Nat Prod, 70: Klinbunga, S., Chuakulchanachai, S., and 675-678. Jenjittakul, T. 2006. Genetic variation and 42 Pongcharoen, W., Rukachaisirikul, V., Isaka, species-identification of Thai Boesenbergia M. and Sriklung, K. 2007. Cytotoxic (Zingiberaceae) based on chloroplast DNA metabolites from the wood-decayed fungus polymorphism. J Biochem Mol Biol, 39(4): Xylaria sp. BCC 9653. Chem Pharm Bull, 361-370. 55(11):1647-1648. 32 Thongtan, J., Saenboonrueng, J., Rachtawee, 43 Ruanglek, V., Chokpaiboon, S., Rattanaphan, P. and Isaka, M. 2006. An antimalarial N., Madla, S., Auncharoen, P., Bunyapaiboonsri, tetrapeptide from the entomopathogenic T. and Isaka, M. 2007. Menisporopsin fungus Hirsutella sp. BCC 1528. J Nat Prod, B, a new polyester from the seed fungus 69:713-714. Menisporopsis theobromae BCC 4162. J 33 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., Antibiot, 60(12):748-751. Interaya, K. and Kocharin, K. 2007. New 44 Weerapreeyakul, N., Anorach, R, Khuansawad, diphenyl ethers from the insect pathogenic T., Yenjai, C. and Isaka, M. 2007. Synthesis of fungus Cordyceps sp. BCC 1861. Chem bioreductive esters from fungal compounds. Pharm Bull, 55(2):304-307. Chem Pharm Bull, 55(6):930-935.
Bioresources Technology Unit 45 Berkaew, P., Soonthornchareonnon, N., rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Salasawadee, K., Chanthaket, R. and J Appl Microbiol, 107(5):1624-1631. Isaka, M. 2008. Aurocitrin and related 55 Isaka, M., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sappan, M., polyketide metabolites from the wood-decay Mongkolsamrit, S. and Saidaengkham, S. fungus Hypocrea sp. BCC 14122. J Nat Prod, 2009. Hopane triterpenes as chemotaxonomic 71(5):902-904. markers for the scale insect pathogens 46 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Veeranondha, S., Hypocrella s. lat. and Aschersonia. Mycol Res, Boonruangprapa, T. and Somrithipol, S. 2008. 113(Pt4):491-7. Ramiferin, a bisphenol-sesquiterpene from 56 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Lapanun, S., Chanthaket, the fungus Kionochaeta ramifera BCC 7585. R., Boonyuen, N. and Lumyong, S. Phytochem Lett, 1(4):204-206. 2009. γ-Lactones and ent-eudesmane 47 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., sesquiterpenes from the endophytic Khonsanit, A. and Komwijit, S. 2008. fungus Eutypella sp. BCC 13199. J Nat Phenolic glycosides from the filamentous Prod, 72(9):1720-1722. fungus Acremonium sp. BCC 14080. J Nat 57 Isaka, M., Srisanoha, U., Veeranondhaa, S., Prod, 71(5):891-4. Choowonga, W. and Lumyong, S. 2009. 48 Isaka, M., Chinthanom, P., Veeranondha, Cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenoids S., Supothina, S. and Luangsa-ard, J. J. from the saprobic fungus Berkleasmium 2008. Novel cyclopropyl diketones and 14- nigroapicale BCC 8220. Tetrahedron, membered macrolides from the soil fungus 65(43):8808-8815. Hamigera avellanea BCC 17816. Tetrahedron, 58 Isaka, M., Yangchum, A., Intamas, S., 64(49):11028-33. Kocharin, K., Jones, E.B.G., Kongsaeree, 49 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Auncharoen, P., P. and Prabpai, S. 2009. Aigialomycins Komwijit, S. and Gareth J.E.B. 2008. and related polyketide metabolites from the Acremoxanthones A and B, novel antibiotic mangrove fungus Aigialus parvus BCC 5311. polyketides from the fungus Acremonium sp. Tetrahedron, 65(22):4396-4403. BCC 31806. Tetrahedron Lett, 50(3):284-287. 59 Kornsakulkarn, J., Thongpanchang, C., 72 50 Madla, S., Isaka, M., Wongsa, P. 2008. Lapanun, S. and Srichomthong, K. 2009. Modification of culture conditions for Isocoumarin glucosides from the scale insect production of the anti-tubercular hirsutellones fungus Torrubiella tenuis BCC 12732. J Nat by the insect pathogenic fungus Hirsutella Prod, 72(7):1341-1343. nivea BCC 2594. Lett Appl Microbiol, 47(2): 60 Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Berkaew, P., Ridkaew, 74-78. R., Hywel-Jones, N. and Isaka, M. 2009. 51 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Sohsomboon, P., A beauvericin hot spot in the genus Isaria. Dramae, A., Suvannakad, R., Lapanun, S. Mycol Res, 113(12):1389-1395. and Tantichareon, M. 2008. Antimycobaterial 61 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., substances from Phaeosphaeria sp. BCC Dramae, A., Lapanun, S., Suvannakad, R. and 8292. Planta Med, 74(3):281-286. Tantichareon, M. 2009. Graphisins A and B 52 Techaprasan, J., Klinbunga, S. and Jenjittakul, from the lichen Graphis tetralocularis. Aust J T. 2008. Genetic relationshtips and Chem, 62(4):389-91. species Authentication of Boesenbergia 62 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Usuwan, A., Intaraudom, (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand based on AFLP C., Khoyaiklang, P. and Supothina, S. 2009. and SSCP analyses. Biochem Syst Ecol, Torrubiellutins A-C, from insect pathogenic 36(5-6):408-416. fungus Torrubiella luteorostrata BCC 12904. 53 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., Tetrahedron, 65(31):6069-6073. Intereya, K., Rachtawee, P., Hywel-Jones, 63 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Usuwan, A., Intaraudom, N.L., Isaka, M. 2009. Isariotins E and F, C., Veeranondha, S. and Srikitikulchai, spirocyclic and bicyclic hemiacetals from the P. 2009. Sesquiterpene lactone 12,8- entomopathogenic fungus Isaria tenuipes eudesmanolides from the fungus Xylaria BCC 12625. J Nat Prod, 72(4):756-9. ianthinovelutina. Planta med, 75(13):1431-1435. 54 Chutrakul, C., Boonruangprapa, T., 64 Saisaha, P., Nerungsi, C., Iamsaard, S. and Suvannakad, R., Isaka, M., Sirithunya, Thongpanchang, T. 2009. Pyridine stabilized P., Toojinda, T. and Kirtikara, K.2009. oxiranyl remote anions. Tetrahedron Lett, Ascherxanthone B from Aschersonia luteola, 50(29):4217-20. a new antifungal compound active against
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Bioassay laboratory
1 Uchiumi, T., Ohwada, T., Itakura, M., Mitsui, cyclohexadepsipeptide from the insect H., Nikui, N., Dawadi, P., Ksneko, T., Tabata, pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces cinnamomeus S., Maekawa, T. and Sriprang, R. 2004. BCC 9616. J Nat Prod, 70:675-678. Expression islands clustered on the symbiosis 11 Aroonrerk, N., Suksamrarn, A. and Kirtikara, island of the Mesorhizobium loti genome. K. 2007. A sensitive direct ELISA for J Bacteriol, 186(8):2439-2448. detection of prostaglandin E2. J Immunoassay 2 Wiyakrutta, S., Sriubolmas, N., Panphut, W., Immunochem, 28(4):319-330. Thongon, N., Danwisetkanjana, K., Ruangrungsi, 12 Phongpaichit, S., Nikom, J., Rungjindamai, N. and Meevootisom, V. 2004. Endophytic N., Sakayaroj, J., Hutadilok-Towatana, N., fungi with anti-microbial, anti-cancer and Rukachaisirikul, V., and Kirtikara, K. 2007. anti-malarial activities isolated from Thai Biological activities of extracts from medicinal plants. J Microbiol Biotechnol, endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia 20:265-272. plants. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 3 Kongkathip, B., Sangma, C., Kirtikara, K., 51(8):517-525. Luangkamin, S., Hasitapan, K., Jongkon, N., 13 Pongcharoen, W., Rukachaisirikul, V., Isaka, Hannongbua, S. and Kongkathip, N. 2005. M. and Sriklung, K. 2007. Cytotoxic metabolites Inhibitory effects of 2-substituted-1-naphthol from the wood-decayed fungus Xylaria sp. derivatives on cyclooxygenase I and II. BCC 9653. Chem Pharm Bull, 55(11):1647- Bioorgan Med Chem, 13(6):2167-75. 1648. 4 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Suvannakad, R., 14 Berkaew, P., Soonthornchareonnon, N., Thienhirun, S., Prabpai, S., Kongsaeree, P. Salasawadee, K., Chanthaket, R. and and Tanticharoen, M. 2005. An anti-herpes Isaka, M. 2008. Aurocitrin and related simplex virus-type 1 agent from Xylaria polyketide metabolites from the wood-decay mellisii (BCC 1005). Tetrahedron Lett, fungus Hypocrea sp. BCC 14122. J Nat Prod, 46(8):1341-1344. 71(5):902-904. 5 Vichai, V., Suyarnsesthakorn, C., 15 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Veeranondha, S., 73 Pittayakhajonwut, D., Sriklung, K. and Boonruangprapa, T. and Somrithipol, S. 2008. Kirtikara, K. 2005. Positive feedback Ramiferin, a bisphenol-sesquiterpene from regulation of COX-2 expression by the fungus Kionochaeta ramifera BCC 7585. prostaglandin metabolites. Inflamn Res, Phytochem Lett, 1(4):204-206. 54:163-172. 16 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., 6 Vichai, V. and Kirtikara, K. 2006. Khonsanit, A. and Komwijit, S. 2008. Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay for Phenolic glycosides from the filamentous cytotoxicity screening. Nat Protoc, 1(3): fungus Acremonium sp. BCC 14080. J Nat 1112-1116. Prod, 71(5):891-4. 7 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., 17 Isaka, M., Chinthanom, P., Veeranondha, Interaya, K. and Kocharin, K. 2007. New S., Supothina, S. and Luangsa-ard, J. J. diphenyl ethers from the insect pathogenic 2008. Novel cyclopropyl diketones and 14- fungus Cordyceps sp. BCC 1861. Chem membered macrolides from the soil fungus Pharm Bull, 55(2):304-307. Hamigera avellanea BCC 17816. Tetrahedron, 8 Gale, G.A., Kirtikara, K., Pittayakhajonwut, 64(49):11028-33. P., Sivichai, S., Thebtaranonth, Y., 18 Rukachaisirikul, V., Sommart, U., Phongpaichit, Thongpanchang, C. and Vichai, V. 2007. S., Sakayaroj, J. and Kirtikara, K. 2008. In search of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, Metabolites from the endophytic fungus anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Phomopsis sp. PSU-D15. Phytochemistry, anti-malarial drugs from Thai flora and 69(3):783-787. microbes. Pharmacol Therapeut, 115:307- 19 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., 351. Intereya, K., Rachtawee, P., Hywel-Jones, 9 Isaka, M., Srisanoh, U., Lartpornmatulee, N.L. and Isaka, M. 2009. Isariotins E and N. and Boonruangprapa, T. 2007. ES-242 F, spirocyclic and bicyclic hemiacetals derivatives and cycloheptapeptides from from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cordyceps sp. strains BCC 16173 and BCC tenuipes BCC 12625. J Nat Prod, 16176. J Nat Prod, 70(10):1601-1604. 72(4):756-9. 10 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Lapanun, S. and 20 Chutrakul, C., Boonruangprapa, T., Suvannakad, Sriklung, K. 2007. Paecilodepsipeptide R., Isaka, M., Sirithunya, P., Toojinda, T. A, an antimalarial and antitumor and Kirtikara, K. 2009. Ascherxanthone B
Bioresources Technology Unit from Aschersonia luteola, a new antifungal Chem, 62(4):389-91. compound active against rice blast 23 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Usuwan, A., Intaraudom, pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. J Appl C., Veeranondha, S. and Srikitikulchai, Microbiol, 107(5):1624-1631. P. 2009. Sesquiterpene lactone 12,8- 21 Isaka, M., Srisanoha, U., Veeranondhaa, S., eudesmanolides from the fungus Xylaria Choowonga, W. and Lumyong, S. 2009. ianthinovelutina. Planta Med, 75(13):1431- Cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenoids 1435. from the saprobic fungus Berkleasmium 24 Sandee, D., Sivanuntakorn, S., Vichai, V., nigroapicale BCC 8220. Tetrahedron, 65(43): Kramyu, J. and Kirtikara, K. 2009. Up- 8808-8815. regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E 22 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V., synthase-1 in COX-1 and COX-2 knock-out Dramae, A., Lapanun, S., Suvannakad, R. and mouse fibroblast cell lines. Prostag Oth Lipid Tantichareon, M . 2009. Graphisins A and B M, 88(3-4), 111-116. from the lichen Graphis tetralocularis. Aust J
Enzyme Technology Laboratory and Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory
1 Kanokratana, P., Chanapan, S., Pootanakit, Bor Khleung hot spring in Thailand. FEMS K. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2004. Diversity and Microbiol Lett, 260(1):91-99. abundance of bacteria and archaea in the 8 Champreda, V., Kanokratana, P., Rutchadaporn, Bor Khlueng hot spring in Thailand. J Basic S., Tanapongpipat, S. and Eurwilaichitr, Microbiol, 44(6):430-444. L. 2007. Purification, biochemical 2 Asano K., Sriprang R., Gobsuk J., characterization and gene cloning of a new Eurwilaichitr L., Tanapongpipat S. and extracellular thermotolerant and glucose Kirtikara K. 2005. Endo-1,4-b-xylanase B tolerant maltooligosaccharide-forming alpha- 74 from Aspergillus cf. niger BCC 14405 isolated amylase from an endophytic ascomycete in Thailand: Purification, characterization and Fusicoccum sp. BCC4124. Biosci Biotechnol gene isolation. J Biochem Mol Biol, 38(1): Biochem, 71(8):2010-2020. 17-23. 9 Harnpicharnchai, P., Thongaram, T., Sriprang, 3 Boonyapakron, K., Pootanakit, K., Chantasingh, R., Champreda, V., Tanapongpipat, S. and D., Kirtikara, K. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2005. Eurwilaichitr, L. 2007. An efficient purification Cloning and expression of xylanase 10 from and fractionation of genomic DNA from soil Cryptovalsa mangrovei (BCC7197) in Pichia by modified troughing method. Lett Appl pastoris. DNA Sequence, 16(5):372-378. Microbiol, 45(4):387-391. 4 Champreda, V., Young, J.C., Zhou, N. and 10 Ruanglek, V., Sriprang, R., Tirawongsaroj, P., Leak, D.J. 2005. Alteration of the streo- and Chantasign, D., Tanapongpipat, S., Pootanakit, regioselectlvity of alkene monooxygenase K. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2007. Cloning, based on coupling protein interaction. Appl expression, characterization, and high Microbiol Biotechnol, 10:1-8. cell-density production of recombinant 5 Chantasingh, D., Pootanakit, K., Champreda, endo-1,4-b-xylanase from Aspergillus niger V., Kanokratana, P. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2006. in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol, Cloning, expression, and characterization 141:19-25. of a xylanase 10 from Aspergillus terreus 11 Harnpicharnchai, P., Champreda, V., Sornlake, (BCC129) in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr W. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2008. A thermotolerant Purif, 46:143-149. b-glucosidase isolated from an endophytic 6 Ratanachomsri, U., Sriprang, R., Sornlek, W., fungi, Periconia sp., with a possible use for Buaban, B., Champreda, V., Tanapongpipat, biomass conversion to sugars. Protein Expr S. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2006. Thermostable Purif, 67(2):61-9. xylanase from Marasmius sp: purification 12 Kanokratana, P., Chantasingh, D., Champreda, and characterization. J Biochem Mol Biol, V., Tanapongpipat, S., Pootanakit, K. and 39(1):105-110. Eurwilaichitr, L. 2008. Identification and 7 Tang, K., Utairungsee, T., Kanokrattana, P., expression of cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) gene Sriprang, R., Champreda, V., Eurwilaichitr, L. from an endophytic fungus, Fusicoccum sp. and Tanapongpipat, S. 2006. Characterization (BCC4124) in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr of a novel cyclomaltodextrinase expressed Purif, 58(1):148-153. from environmental DNA isolated from 13 Laothanachareon, T., Champreda, V.,
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Sritongkham, P., Somasundrum, M., and characterization of a thermotolerant Surareungchai, W. 2008. Cross-linked endoglucanase from Syncephalastrum enzyme crystals of organophosphate racemosum (BCC18080) in Pichia pastoris. hydrolase for electrochemical detection of Protein Expr Purif, 58(1):78-86. organophosphorus compounds. World J 18 Phithakrotchanakoon, C., Rudeekit, Y., Microb Biot, 24:3049-3055. Tanapongpipat, S., Leejakpai, T., Aiba, S.I., 14 Phithakrotchanakoon, C., Daduang, R., Noda, I. and Champreda, V. 2009. Microbial Thamchaipenet, A., Wangkam, T., Srikhirin, degradation and physico-chemical alteration T., Eurwilaichitr, L. and Champreda, V. of polyhydroxyalkanoates by a thermophilic 2008. Heterologous expression of Streptomyces sp. Biologia, 64(2):246-251. polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase from 19 Promdonkoy, P., Tang, K., Sornlake, W., Thermobifida sp. in Pichia pastoris and Harnpicharnchai, P., Kobayashi, R.S., Ruanglek, catalytic analysis by surface plasmon V., Upathanpreeda, T., Vesaratchavest, resonance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, M., Eurwilaichitr, L. and Tanapongppat, S. 82(1):131-140. 2009. Expression and characterization of 15 Tang, K., Kobayashi, Sriprang, R., Champreda, Aspergillus thermostable phytases in Pichia V., Eurwilachitr, L. and Tanapongpipat, S. pastoris. Fems Microbiol Lett, 290(1):18-24. 2008. Isolation and characterization of a 20 Rattanachomsri, U., Tanapongpipat, S., novel thermostable neopullulanase-like Eurwilaichitr, L. and Champreda, V. 2009. enzyme from a hot spring in Thailand. Biosci Simultaneous non-thermal saccharification Biotechnol Biochem, 72(6):1448-1456. of cassava pulp by multi-enzyme activity and 16 Tirawongsaroj, P., Sriprang, R., Harnpicharnchai, ethanol fermentation by Candida tropicalis. J P., Thongaram, T., Champreda, V., Biosci Bioeng, 107(5):488-493. Tanapongpipat, S., Pootanakit, K. and 21 Yongkiettrakula, S., Boonyapakronb, K., Eurwilaichitr, L. 2008. Novel thermophilic Jongkaewwattanac, A., Wanitchangc, A., and thermostable lipolytic enzymes from a Leartsakulpanicha, U., Chitnumsuba, P., Thailand hot spring metagenomic library. J Eurwilaichitrb, L. and Yuthavong, Y. 2009. Biotechnol, 133(1):42-49. Avian influenza A/H5N1 neuraminidase 75 17 Wonganu, B., Boonyapakron, K., Pootanakit, expressed in yeast with a functional head K., Champreda, V., Tanapongpipat, S. and domain. J Virol Methods, 156(1-2):44-51. Eurwilaichitr, L. 2008. Cloning, expression
Fermentation Technology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
1 Supothina, S., Isaka, M., Kirtikara, K., Hywel-Jones, N. 2005. Isolation and in vitro Tanticharoen. M. and Thebtaranonth, Y. cultivation of the insect pathogenic fungus 2004. Enniatin production by the Cordyceps unilateralis. Mycol Res, 109:936- entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium 940. hemipterigenum BCC 1449. J Antibiot, 6 Madla, S., Kittakoop, P. and Wongsa, P. 57(11):732-738. 2006. Optimization of culture conditions for 2 Madla, S., Methacanon, P., Prasitsil, M. production of antimalarial menisporopsin A by and Kirtikara, K. 2005. Characterization of the seed fungus Menisporopsis theobromae biocompatible fungi-derived polymers that BCC 4162. Lett App Microb, 43(5):548-553. induce IL-8 production. Carbohyd Polym, 7 Methacanon, P., Madla, S., Kirtikara, K. and 59:275-280. Prasitsil, M. 2006. Structural elucidation of 3 Unagul, P., Assantachai, C., Phadungruengluij, bioactive fungi-derived polymers. Carbohydr S., Suphantharika, M. and Verduyn, C. 2005. Polym, 60(2): 199-203. Properties of the docosahexaenoic acid- 8 Ruanglek, V., Maneewatthana, D. and producer Schizochytrium mangrovei Sk-02: Tripetchkul, S. 2006. Evaluation of Thai effect of glucose, temperature and salinity agro-industrial wastes for bio-ethanol and their interaction. Bot Mar, 48:387-394. production by Zymomonas mobilis. Process 4 Unagul, P., Wongsa, P., Kittakoop, P., Biochem, 41(6):1432-1437. Intamas, S., Srikitikulchai, P. and Tanticharoen, 9 Unagul, P., Assa, C., Phadungruengluij, S., M. 2005. Production of red pigments by Pongsuteeragul, T., Suphantharika, M. and insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps Verduyn, C. 2006. Biomass and unilateralis BCC 1869. J Ind Microbiol Biot, docosahexaenoic acid formation by 32(4):135-140. Schizochytrium mangrovei Sk-02 at low 5 Wongsa, P., Tasanatai, K., Watts, P. and salt concentrations. Bot Mar, 49:182-190.
Bioresources Technology Unit 10 Haritakun, R.; Srikitikulchai, P.; Khoyaiklang, Tetrahedron, 64(49):11028-33. P.; Isaka, M. . 2007. Isariotins A-D, alkaloids 19 Madla, S., Isaka, M., Wongsa, P. 2008. from the insect pathogenic fungus Isaria Modification of culture conditions for tenuipes BCC 7831. J Nat Prod, 70(9): production of the anti-tubercular hirsutellones 1478-1480. by the insect pathogenic fungus Hirsutella 11 Isaka,M., Boonkhao, B., Rachtawee, P. and nivea BCC 2594. Lett Appl Microbiol, 47(2): Auncharoen, P. 2007. A xanthocillin-like 74-78. alkaloid from the insect pathogenic fungus 20 Okane, I., Srikitikulchai, P., Toyama, K., Cordyceps brunnearubra BCC 1395. J Nat Læssøe, T., Sivichai, S., Hywel-Jones, N., Prod, 70:656-658. Nakagiri, A., Potacharoen, W. and Suzuki, 12 Prathumpai, W., Kocharin, K., Phimmakong, K.I. 2008. Study of endophytic Xylariaceae K. and Wongsa, P. 2007. Effects of different in Thailand: Diversity and taxonomy inferred carbon and nitrogen sources on naphthoquinone from rDNA sequence analyses with saprobes production of Cordyceps unilateralis BCC forming fruit bodies in the field.Mycoscience , 1869. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 136(2): 49(6):359-372. 223-232. 21 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., 13 Ruanglek, V., Chokpaiboon, S., Rat- Intereya, K., Rachtawee, P., Hywel-Jones, tanaphan, N., Madla, S., Auncharoen, P., N.L., Isaka, M. 2009. Isariotins E and F, Bunyapaiboonsri, T. and Isaka, M. 2007. spirocyclic and bicyclic hemiacetals from the Menisporopsin B, a new polyester from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria tenuipes seed fungus Menisporopsis theobromae BCC 12625. J Nat Prod, 72(4):756-9. BCC 4162. J Antibiot, 60(12):748-751. 22 Isaka, M., Srisanoha, U., Veeranondhaa, S., 14 Ruanglek, V., Sriprang, R., Tirawongsaroj, Choowonga, W. and Lumyong, S. 2009. P., Chantasign, D., Tanapongpipat, S., Cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenoids Pootanakit, K. and Eurwilaichitr, L. 2007. from the saprobic fungus Berkleasmium Cloning, expression, characterization, and nigroapicale BCC 8220. Tetrahedron, 65(43): high cell-density production of recombinant 8808-8815. 76 endo-1,4-b-xylanase from Aspergillus niger 23 Isaka, M., Yangchum, A., Intamas, S., in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Tech, Kocharin, K., Jones, E.B.G., Kongsaeree, 141:19-25. P. and Prabpai, S. 2009. Aigialomycins 15 Supothina, S., Isaka, M. and Wongsa, P. and related polyketide metabolites from the 2007. Optimization of culture conditions for mangrove fungus Aigialus parvus BCC 5311. production of the antitubercular alkaloid Tetrahedron, 65(22):4396-4403. hirsutellone A by Trichoderma sp. BCC 7579. 24 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Usuwan, A., Intaraudom, Lett Appl Microbiol, 44:531-537. C., Khoyaiklang, P. and Supothina, S. 2009. 16 Unagul, P., Assantachai, C., Phadungruengluij, Torrubiellutins A-C, from insect pathogenic S., Suphantharika, M., Tanticharoen, M. fungus Torrubiella luteorostrata BCC 12904 . and Verduyn, C. 2007. Coconut water as a Tetrahedron, 65(31):6069-6073 . medium additive for the production of 25 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Usuwan, A., Intaraudom, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) by C., Veeranondha, S. and Srikitikulchai, Schizochytrium mangrovei Sk-02. Bioresource P. 2009. Sesquiterpene lactone 12,8- Tech, 98:281-287. eudesmanolides from the fungus Xylaria 17 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., ianthinovelutina. Planta med, 75(13):1431- Khonsanit, A. and Komwijit, S. 2008. Phenolic 1435. glycosides from the filamentous fungus 26 Promdonkoy, P., Tang, K., Sornlake, W., Acremonium sp. BCC 14080. J Nat Prod, Harnpicharnchai, P., Kobayashi, R.S., 71(5):891-4. Ruanglek, V., Upathanpreeda, T., Vesaratchavest, 18 Isaka, M., Chinthanom, P., Veeranondha, M., Eurwilaichitr, L. and Tanapongppat, S. S., Supothina, S. and Luangsa-ard, J. J. 2009. Expression and characterization of 2008. Novel cyclopropyl diketones and Aspergillus thermostable phytases in Pichia 14-membered macrolides from the soil pastoris. Fems Microbiol Lett, 290(1):18-24. fungus Hamigera avellanea BCC 17816.
Microbial Engineering Laboratory
1 Promdonkoy, B., Pathaichindachote, W., of a Cyt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Krittanai, C., Audtho, M., Chewawiwat, N. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 317(3):744-748.. and Panyim, S. 2004. Trp132, Trp154 and 2 Promdonkoy, B., Warit, S. and Panyim, Trp157 are essential for folding and activity S. 2004. Production of a biologically
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology active growth hormone from giant catfish for toxicity of a binary toxin from Bacillus (Pangasianodon gigas) in Escherichia coli. sphaericus. Curr Microbiol, 56(4):334-338. Biotechol lett, 26:649-653. 9 Promdonkoy, B., Rungrod, A., Promdonkoy, 3 Promdonkoy, B., Promdonkoy, P., P., Pathaichindachote, W., Krittanai, C. and Tanapongpipat, S., Luxananil, P., Chewawiwat, Panyim, S. 2008. Amino acid substitutions N., Audtho, M., and Panyim, S. 2004. in αA and αC of Cyt2Aa2 alter hemolytic Cloning and characterization of a mosquito activity and mosquito-larvicidal specificity. J larvicidal toxin produced during vegetative Biotechnol, 133(3):287-293. stage of Bacillus sphaericus 2297. Curr 10 Sanitt, P., Promdonkoy, B. and Boonserm, Microbiol, 49(2):84-88. P. 2008. Targeted mutagenesis at charged 4 Promdonkoy, B. and Ellar, D.J. 2005. Structure- residues in Bacillus sphaericus BinA toxin function relationships of a membrane affects mosquito-larvicidal activity. Curr pore forming toxin revealed by reversion Microbiol, 57(3):230-234. mutagenesis. Mol Membr Biol, 22(4):327-337. 11 Thammachat, S., Pathaichindachote, W., 5 Promdonkoy, B., Promdonkoy, P. and Krittanai, C. and Promdonkoy, B. 2008. Panyim, S. 2005. Co-expression of Bacillus Amino acids at N- and C-termini are required thuringiensis Cry4Ba and Cyt2Aa2 in for the efficient production and folding of Escherichia coli revealed high synergism a cytolytic δ-endotoxin from Bacillus against Aedes aegypti and Culex thuringiensis. J Biochem Mol Biol, 41(11): quinquefasciatus larvae. Fems Microbiol 820-825. Lett, 252(1):121-6. 12 Limpanawat, S., Promdonkoy, B. and 6 Boonserm, P., Moonsom, S., Boonchoy, Boonserm, P. 2009. The C-terminal domain C., Promdonkoy, B., Parthasarathy, K. and of BinA Is responsible for Bacillus sphaericus Torres, J. 2006. Association of the binary toxin BinA-BinB interaction. Curr components of the binary toxin from Bacillus Microbiol, 59(5): 509-513. sphaericus in solution and with model lipid 13 Rungrod, A., Tjahaja, N.K., Soonsanga, bilayers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, S., Audtho, M. and Promdonkoy, B. 2009. 342(4):1273-1278. Bacillus sphaericus Mtx1 and Mtx2 toxins 77 7 Promdonkoy, B., Promdonkoy, P. and co-expressed in Escherichia coli are Panyim, S. 2008. High-level expression synergistic against Aedes aegypti larvae. in Escherichia coli, purification and Biotechnol Lett, 31(4):551-555. mosquito-larvicidal activity of the binary 14 Sangcharoen, A., Tepanant, W., Kidsanguan, toxin from Bacillus sphaericus. Curr S., Promdonkoy, B. and Krittanai, C. 2009. Microbiol, 57(6):620-623. Investigation of the unfolding pathway of 8 Promdonkoy, B., Promdonkoy, P., Wongtawan, Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt2Aa2 toxin reveals B., Boonserm, P., Panyim, S. 2008. Cys31, an unfolding intermediate. J Biotechnol, 141 Cys47, and Cys195 in BinA are essential (3-4):137-41.
MICROORGANISM PROGRAM Mycology Laboratory
1 Sivichai, S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2004. Stauriella new hyphomycete from Thailand. Sydowia, gen. nov. proposed for a new lignicolous 158(1):133-140. basidiomycetous anamorph from freshwater 5 Somrithipol, S., Kosol, S. and Jones, E.B.G. . in Thailand. Sydowia, 56(1):131-136. 2006. Lauriomyces sakaeratensis sp. nov., 2 Somrithipol, S., and Jones, E.B.G. 2005. a new hyphomycete on decaying An addition to the hyphomycete genus Dipterocarpus costatus fruits from Sakaerat Melanographium from Thailand. Fungal Biosphere Reserve, Thailand. Nova Hedwigia, Divers, 19:137-144. 82(1-2):209-215. 3 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Dramae, A., Madla, 6 Ferrer, A., Sivichai, S. and Shearer, C.A.2007. S., Lartpornmatulee, N., Boonyuen, N. and Megalohypha, a new genus in the Jahnulales Tanticharoen, M. 2006. Depsidones from the from aquatic habitats in the tropics. endophytic fungus BCC 8616. J Nat Prod, Mycologia, 99:456-460. 69:1361-1363. 7 Gale, G.A., Kirtikara, K., Pittayakhajonwut, 4 Somrithipol, S., and Jones, E.B.G. 2006. P., Sivichai, S., Thebtaranonth, Y., Calcarisporium phaeopodium sp. nov., a Thongpanchang, C. and Vichai, V. 2007. In
Bioresources Technology Unit search of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, anti- rDNA data. Mycologia, 100(5):729-735. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti- 18 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Yoiprommarat, S., malarial drugs from Thai flora and microbes. Intereya, K., Rachtawee, P., Hywel-Jones, Pharmacol Therapeut, 115:307-351. N.L., Isaka, M. 2009. Isariotins E and F, 8 Somrithipol, S. 2007. A synnematous species spirocyclic and bicyclic hemiacetals from the of Dictyoarthrinium from Thailand. Mycologia, entomopathogenic fungus Isaria tenuipes 99(5):792-6. BCC 12625. J Nat Prod, 72(4):756-9. 9 Somrithipol, S., and Jones, E.B.G. 2007. 19 Cannon, P.F., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Maczey, N., Lauriomyces cylindricus and Lauriomyces Norbu, L., Tshitila, Samdup, T. and Lhendup, ellipticus spp. nov., two new hyphomycetes P. 2009. Steps towards sustainable harvest from tropical forest of Thailand. Nova of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan. Hedwigia, 184(3-4):479-486. Biodivers Conserv, 18(9):2263-81. 10 Somrithipol, S., Sudhom, N., Tippawan, S. 20 Choeyklin, R., Hattori, T., Jaritkhuan, S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2007. A new species of and Jones, E.B.G. 2009. Bambusicolous Falcocladium (Hyphomycetes) with turbinate polypores collected in central Thailand. vesicle from Thailand. Sydowia, 58(1): Fungal Divers, 36:121-128. 148-153. 21 Hughes, D.P., Evans, H.C., Hywel-Jones, N., 11 Tsui, C.K.M., Sivichai, S., Rossman, A.Y., Boomsma, J.J. and Armitage, S.A.O. 2009. Berbee, M.L. 2007. Tubeufia asiana, the Novel fungal disease in complex leaf-cutting teleomorph of Aquaphila albicans in the ant societies. Ecol Entomol, 34(2):214-220. Tubeufiaceae, Pleosporales, based on cultural 22 Isaka, M., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sappan, M., and molecular data. Mycologia, 99(6):884- Mongkolsamrit, S. and Saidaengkham, S. 894. 2009. Hopane triterpenes as chemotaxonomic 12 Bunyapaiboonsri, T., Veeranondha, S., markers for the scale insect pathogens Boonruangprapa, T. and Somrithipol, S. 2008. Hypocrella s. lat. and Aschersonia. Mycol Res, Ramiferin, a bisphenol-sesquiterpene from 113(Pt 4):491-7. the fungus Kionochaeta ramifera BCC 7585. 23 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Lapanun, S., 78 Phytochem Lett, 1(4):204-206. Chanthaket, R., Boonyuen, N. and Lumyong, 13 Campbell, J., Ferrer, A., Raja, H.A., Sivichai, S. 2009. γ-Lactones and ent-eudesmane S., Shearer, C.A. 2008. Phylogenetic sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus relationships among taxa in the Jahnulales Eutypella sp. BCC 13199. J Nat Prod, inferred from 18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal 72(9):1720-1722. DNA sequences. Can J Bot, 85(9):873-882. 24 Johnson, D., Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, 14 Okane, I., Srikitikulchai, P., Toyama, K., N.L., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Bischoff, J.F., Kepler, Læssøe, T., Sivichai, S., Hywel-Jones, N., R.M. and Spatafora, J.W. 2009. Systematics Nakagiri, A., Potacharoen, W. and Suzuki, and evolution of the genus Torrubiella K.I. 2008. Study of endophytic Xylariaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota). Mycol Res, in Thailand: Diversity and taxonomy inferred 113(3):279-289. from rDNA sequence analyses with saprobes 25 Jones, E.B.G., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, forming fruit bodies in the field.Mycoscience , S., Somrithipol, S. and Pang, K.L. 2009. 49(6):359-372. Classification of marine Ascomycota, 15 Rungjindamai, N., Pinruan, U., Choeyklin, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. Fungal R., Hattori, T. and Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Divers, 35:1-187. Molecular characterization of basidiomycetous 26 Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Berkaew, P., Ridkaew, endophytes isolated from leaves, rachis and R., Hywel-Jones, N. and Isaka, M. 2009. petioles of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, in A beauvericin hot spot in the Genus Isaria. Thailand. Fungal Divers, 33:139-161. Mycol Res, 113(Pt 12):1389-95. 16 Rungjindamai, N., Sakayaroj, J., Plaingam, 27 Mongkolsamrit, S., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Spatafora, N., Somrithipol, S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2008. J.W., Sung, G.H. and Hywel-Jones, N.L. Putative basidiomycete teleomorphs and 2009. A combined ITS rDNA and β-tubulin phylogenetic placement of the coelomycete phylogeny of Thai species of Hypocrella with genera: Chaetospermum, Giulia and non-fragmenting ascospores. Mycol Res, Mycotribulus based on nu-rDNA sequences. 113(Pt 6-7):684-99. Mycol Res, 112(7):802-810. 28 Pinnoi, A., Phongpaichit, S., Hyde, K.D. and 17 Somrithipol, S., Sakayaroj, J., Rungjindamai, Jones, E.B.G. 2009. Biodiversity of fungi on N., Plaingam, N., Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Calamus (Palmae) in Thailand. Cryptogamie Phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete Mycol, 30:1-10. genus Infundibulomyces based on nuclear 29 Pittayakhajonwut, P., Sri-Indrasutdhi, V.,
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Dramae, A., Lapanun, S., Suvannakad, R. and Jones, N.L., Boomsma, J.J. and Hughes, Tantichareon, M. 2009. Graphisins A and B D.P. 2009. Graveyards on the move: The from the lichen Graphis tetralocularis. Aust spatio-temporal distribution of dead J Chem, 62(4):389-91. Ophiocordyceps-infected ants. Plos One, 30 Pontoppidan, M.-B., Himaman, W., Hywel- 4(3):e4835.
Phylogenetics Laboratory
1 Chatmala, I., Sakayaroj, J., Somrithipol, 12 Huang, H.-R., Feng, X.-L., She, Z.-G. Lin, S. and Phongpaichit, S. 2004. Marine Y.-C., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and Jones, E.B.G. hyphomycetes of Thailand and Cumulospora 2005. 1-(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone. varia sp. Nov. Fungal Divers, 17:1-9. Acta Crystallogr E, 60:2509-2510. 2 Li, H.J., Lin, Y.-C., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and 13 Jones, E.B.G. and Abdel-Wahab, M.A. 2005. Jones, E.B.G. 2004. A new cyto-toxic Marine fungi from the Bahamas Islands. Bot sterol produced by an endophytic fungus Mar, 48:356-364. from Castaniopsis fissa at the South China 14 Luangsa-ard, J.J, Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sea Coast. Chinese Chem Lett, 15:419-422. Manoch, L. and Samson, R.A. 2005. On the 3 Li, J.-J., Lin, Y.-C., Yao, J.-H., Vrijmoed, relationships of Paecilomyces sect. Isarioidea L.L.P. and Jones, E.B.G. 2004. Two new species. Mycol Res, 109(5):581-589. metabolites from the mangrove endophytic 15 Luo, W., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and Jone, fungus No. 1514. J Asian Nat Prod Res, E.B.G. 2005. Screening of marine fungi for 6:185-191. lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Bot Mar, 4 Luangsa-ard, J.J., Hywel-Jones, N.L. 48:379-386. and Samson, R.A. 2004. The polyphyletic 16 Pilantanapak, A., Jones, E.B.G. and Eaton, nature of Paecilomyces sensu lato based on R.E. 2005. Marine fungi on Nypa fruticans 18S-generated rDNA phylogeny. Mycologia, in Thailand. Bot Mar, 48:365-373. 96(4):773-780. 17 Plaingam, N., Somrithipol, S. and Jones, 79 5 Pang, K.-L. and Jones, E.B.G. 2004. E.B.G. 2005. Pseudorobillarda siamensis sp. Reclassification in Halosarpheia and related nov. and notes on P. sojae and P. taxana from genera with unfurling ascospore appendages. Thailand. Nova Hedwigia, 80:335-348. Nova Hedwigia, 78:269-271. 18 Sakayaro, J., Pang, K.L., Phongpaichit, S. 6 Pang, K.-L., Jones, E.B.G. and Vrijmoed, and Jones, E.B.G. 2005. A phylogenetic study L.L.P. 2004. Two new marine fungi from of the genus Haligena (Halosphaeriales, China and Singapore, with a description of a Ascomycota). Mycologia, 97:804-811. new genus Sabecola. Can J Bot, 82:485-490. 19 Sakayaroj, J., Pang, K.L., Jones, E.B.G., 7 Pinnoi, A., Pinruan, U., Hyde, K.D. and Phongpaichit, S., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and Lumyong, S. 2004. Submersisphaeria Abdel-Wahab, M.A. 2005. A systematic palmae sp.nov. with a key to species and reassessment of the marine ascomycetes notes on Helicoubisia. Sydowia, 56(1):72-78. Torpedospora and Swampomyces. Bot Mar, 8 Pinruan, U., Sakayaroj, J., Jones, E. B. G. and 48:395-406. Hyde, K.D. 2004. Aquatic fungi from peat 20 Sakayaroj, J., Phongpaichit, S. and Jones, swamp palms: Phruensis brunneispora gen. E.B.G. 2005. Viability and biodiversity of et sp. nov. and its hyphomycete anamorph. freshwater hyphomycetes in foam at Ton Nga Mycologia, 96(5):1163-70. Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Songkla, southern 9 Pinruan, U., Sakayaroj, J., Jones, E.B.G. and Thailand. Fungal Divers, 18:135-145. Hyde, K.D. 2004. Flammispora gen. nov., a 21 Yin, W.Q., Zou, J.M., She, Z.G. Vrijmoed, new freshwater ascomycete from decaying L.L.P., Jones, E.B.G. and Lin, Y.-C. 2005. Two palm leaves. Stud Mycol, 50:381-386. cyclic peptides produced by the endophytic 10 Pinuarn, U., Lunyong, S., McKenzie E.H.C., fungus #2221 from Castaniopsis fissa on the Jones, E.B.G. and Hyde K.H. 2004. Three South China Sea Coast. Chinese Chem Lett, new species of Craspedodidymum from palm 16:219-222. in Thailand. Mycoscience, 45:177-180. 22 Jones, E.B.G, Chatmala, I. And Pang, K.L. 11 Huang, H.-R., Feng, X.-L., She, Z.-G. Lin, 2006. Two new genera isolated from marine Y.-C., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and Jones, E.B.G. habitats in Thailand: Pseudolignincola and 2005. 1-(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl) butanone. Thalespora (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota). Acta Crystallogr E, 61:282-283. Nova Hedwigia, 83:219-232.
Bioresources Technology Unit 23 Jones, E.B.G. 2006. Form and function of affinities to the Pleosporales based on fungal spore appendages. Mycoscience, 18S and 28S rDNA sequence analyses. 47:167-183. Mycologia, 99:378-384. 24 Jones, E.B.G. and Puglisi, M.P. 2006. Marine 35 Pinuran, U., Hyde, K.D., Lumyong, S., fungi from Florida. Florida Scientist, 69:157- McKenzies, E.H.C. and Jones. E.B.G. 2007. 164. Occurrence of fungi on tissues of the peat 25 Pang, K.L., Jones, E.B.G., Chiang, W.L. swamp palm Licuala longecalycata. Fungal and Vrijmoed, L.L.P. 2006. Ascospore Divers, 25:157-173. ultrastructure of Halosarpheia fibrosa 36 Pongcharoen, W., Rukachaisirikul, V., (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota). Nova Hedwigia, Phongpaichit, S. and Sakayaroj, J. 2007. A 83:207-217. new dihydrobenzofuran derivative from the 26 Phongpaichit, S., Rungjindamai, N., endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria mamane Rukachaisirikul, V. and Sakayaroj, J. PSU-M76. Chem Pharm Bull, 55(9):1404-5. 2006. Antimicrobial activity in cultures of 37 Rukachaisirikul, V., Kaeobamrung, J., endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia Panwiriyarat, W., Saitai, P., Sukpondma, Y., species. Fems Immun Med Microbiol, 48: Phongpaichit, S. and Sakayaroj, J. 2007. A 367-372. new pyrone derivative from the endophytic 27 Pinnoi, A., Lumyongt, S., Hyde, K.D. and fungus Penicillium paxilli PSU-A71. Chem Jones, E.B.G. 2006. Biodiversity of fungi on Pharm Bull, 55(9):1383-4. the palm Eleiodoxa conferta in Sirindhorn peat 38 Rukachaisirikul, V., Sommart, U., Phongpaichit, swamp forest, Narathiwat, Thailand. Fungal S., Hutadilok-Towatana, N., Rungjindamai, Divers, 22:205-218. N.and Sakayaroj, J. 2007. Metabolites from 28 Suetrong, S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2006. Marine the Xylariaceous Fungus PSU-A80. Chem discomycetes: A review. Indian J Mar Sci, Pharm Bull, 55(9):1316-8. 35(4):291-296. 39 Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sung, J.-M., 29 Vivkineswary,S., Abdullah, N., Renuvathani, Luangsa-ard, J.J., Shrestha, B. and J.W. M., Sekaran, M., Pandey, A. and Jones, Spatafora. 2007. Phylogenetic classification E.B.G. 2006. Productivity of laccase in solid 80 of cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. substrate fermentation of selected agro- Stud Mycol, 57(1): 5-59. residues by Pycnoporus sanguineus. 40 Isaka, M., Chinthanom, P., Veeranondha, Bioresour Technol, 97:171-177. S., Supothina, S. and Luangsa-ard, J. J. 30 Hsieh, S.-Y., Moss, S.T., Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Novel cyclopropyl diketones and 14- 2007. Ascoma development in the membered macrolides from the soil fungus marine ascomycete Corollospora gracilis Hamigera avellanea BCC 17816. Tetrahedron, (Halosphaeriales, Hypocreomycetidae, 64(49):11028-33. Sordariomycetes). Bot Mar, 50(5-6):302-313. 41 Isaka, M., Palasarn, S., Auncharoen, P., 31 Koch, J., Pang, K.-L., Jones, E.B.G. . 2007. Komwijit, S. and Gareth J.E.B. 2008. Rostrupiella danica gen. et sp. nov., a Acremoxanthones A and B, novel antibiotic Lulworthia-like marine lignicolous species polyketides from the fungus Acremonium sp. from Denmark and the USA. Bot Mar, 50(5- BCC 31806. Tetrahedron Lett, 50(3):284-287. 6):294-301. 42 Jirakkakul, J., Punya, J., Pongpattanakitshote, 32 Paungmoung, P., Punya, J., Pongpattanakitshote, S., Paungmoung, P., Vorapreeda, N., S., Jeamton, W., Vichisoonthonkul, T., Tachaleat, A., Klomnara, C., Tanticharoen, M. Bhumiratana, S., Tanticharoen, M., Linne, and Cheevadhanarak, S. 2008. Identification U., Marahiel, M.A. and Cheevadhanarak, S. of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase 2007. Detection of nonribosomal peptide gene responsible for bassianolide synthesis synthetase genes in Xylaria sp.BCC1067 and in wood-decaying fungus Xylaria sp. BCC cloning of XyNRPSA. Fems Microbiol Lett, 1067. Microbiology, 154(4):995-1006. 274:260-268. 43 Jone, E. B. G., Klaysuban, A. and Pang, 33 Phongpaichit, S., Nikom, J., Rungjindamai, K.L. 2008. Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of N., Sakayaroj, J., Hutadilok-Towatana, N., marine anamorphic fungi: Cumulospora Rukachaisirikul, V., and Kirtikara, K. 2007. varia, Dendryphiella species and Orbimyces Biological activities of extracts from spectabilis. Raffles B Zool, 19:11-18. endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia 44 Jones, E.B.G., Stanley, S.J., Pinruan, U. plants. Fems Immunol Med Mic, 51(8):517- 2008. Marine endophyte sources of new 525. chemical natural products: A review. Bot Mar, 34 Pinnoi, A., Jeewon, R., Sakayaroj, J., Hyde, 51(3):163-170. K.D. and Jones, E.B.G. 2007. Berkleasmium 45 Munusamy, U., Sabaratnam, V., Muniandy, crunisia sp. nov. and its teleomorphic S., Abdullah, N., Pandey, A. and Jones,
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology E.B.G. 2008. Biodegradation of polycyclic rDNA data. Mycologia, 100(5):729-735. aromatic hydrocarbons by laccase of 56 Techaprasan, J., Klinbunga, S. and Jenjittakul, Pycnoporus sanguineus and toxicity T. 2008. Genetic relationshtips and evaluation of treated PAH. Biotechnology, species authentication of Boesenbergia 7(4):669-677. (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand based on AFLP 46 Pan, J.-H., Jones, E.B.G., She, Z.-G., Pang, and SSCP analyses. Biochem Syst Ecol, 36 J.-Y., Lin, Y.-C. . 2008. Review of bioactive (5-6):408-416. compounds from fungi in the South China 57 Trisuwan, K., Rukachaisirikul,V., Sukpondma, Sea. Bot Mar, 51(3):179-190. Y., Preedanon, S., Phongpaichit, S., 47 Pang, K.L., Jones, E.B.G. and Vrijmoed, Rungjindamai, N.and Sakayaroj, J. L.L.P. 2008. Autecology of Antennospora 2008. Epoxydons and a pyrone from the (Fungi: Ascomycota: Sordariomycetidae: marine-derived fungus Nigrospora sp. Halosphaeriales) and its phylogeny. Raffles PSU-F5. J Nat Prod, 71(8):1323-1326. B Zool, 19:1-10. 58 Xu, F., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Pang, J., 48 Pang, K.-L., Vrijmoed, L.L.P., Khiang Goh, T., Huang, C., Wu, X., She, Z., Lin, Y. 2008. Plaingam, N., Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Fungal Benzofuran derivatives from the mangrove endophytes associated with Kandelia candel endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. (#2508). J Nat (Rhizophoraceae) in Mai Po Nature Reserve, Prod. 71(7):1251-3. Hong Kong. Bot Mar, 51(3):171-178. 59 Amnuaykanjanasin, A. and Daub, M.E. 2009. 49 Pinruan, U., Sakayaroj, J., Hyde, K.D., The ABC transporter ATR1 is necessary for and Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Thailandiomyces efflux of the toxin cercosporin in the fungus bisetulosus gen. et sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Cercospora nicotianae. Fungal Genet Biol, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes) and its 46(2):146-158. anamorph Craspedodidymum, is described 60 Amnuaykanjanasin, A., Ponghanphot, based on nuclear SSU and LSU rDNA S., Sengpanich, S., Cheevadhanarak, S. sequences. Fungal Divers, 29:89-98. and Tanticharoen, M. 2009. Discovery of 50 Pongcharoen, W., Rukachaisirikul, V., insect-specific polyketide synthases, Phongpaichit, S., Kühn, T., Pelzing, M., potential PKS-NRPS hybrids, and novel 81 Sakayaroj, J., Taylor, W.C. 2008. Metabolites PKS clades in tropical fungi. Appl Environ from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. Microbiol, doi:10.1128/AEM.02744-08 PSU-D14. Phytochemistry, 69(9):1900-1902. 61 Isaka, M., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sappan, M., 51 Rukachaisirikul, V., Sommart, U., Phongpaichit, Mongkolsamrit, S. and Saidaengkham, S. S., Sakayaroj, J., Kirtikara, K. 2008. 2009. Hopane triterpenes as chemotaxonomic Metabolites from the endophytic fungus markers for the scale insect pathogens Phomopsis sp. PSU-D15. Phytochemistry, Hypocrella s. lat. and Aschersonia. Mycol Res, 69(3):783-787. 113(Pt 4):491-7. 52 Rungjindamai, N., Pinruan, U., Choeyklin, 62 Johnson, D., Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., R., Hattori, T. and Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Bischoff, J.F., Kepler, R.M. Molecular characterization of basidiomycetous and Spatafora, J.W. 2009. Systematics endophytes isolated from leaves, rachis and evolution of the genus Torrubiella and petioles of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, (Hypocreales, Ascomycota). Mycol Res, in Thailand. Fungal Divers, 33:139-161. 113(3):279-289. 53 Rungjindamai, N., Sakayaroj, J., Plaingam, 63 Jones, E.B.G., Sakayaroj, J., Suetrong, N., Somrithipol, S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2008. S., Somrithipol, S. and Pang, K.L. 2009. Putative basidiomycete teleomorphs and Classification of marine Ascomycota, phylogenetic placement of the coelomycete anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. Fungal genera: Chaetospermum, Giulia and Divers, 35:1-187. Mycotribulus based on nu-rDNA sequences. 64 Jones, E.B.G., Zuccaro, A., Mitchell, J., Mycol Res, 112(7):802-810. Nakagiri, A., Chatmala, I. and Pang, K.-L. 54 Sommart, U., Rukachaisirikul, V., Sukpondma, 2009. Phylogenetic position of freshwater Y., Phongpaichit, S., Sakayaroj, J. and and marine Sigmoidea species: Introducing a Kirtikara, K. 2008. Hydronaphthalenones marine hyphomycete Halosigmoidea gen. nov. and a dihydroramulosin from the endophytic (Halosphaeriales). Bot Mar, 52(4):349-359. fungus PSU-N24. Chem Pharm Bull, 65 Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Berkaew, P., Ridkaew, 56(12):1687-1690. R., Hywel-Jones, N. and Isaka, M. 2009. A 55 Somrithipol, S., Sakayaroj, J., Rungjindamai, beauvericin hot spot in the Genus Isaria. N., Plaingam, N., Jones, E.B.G. 2008. Mycol Res, 113(Pt 12):1389-95. Phylogenetic relationship of the coelomycete 66 Mongkolsamrit, S., Luangsa-ard, J.J., genus Infundibulomyces based on nuclear Spatafora, J.W., Sung, G.H. and Hywel-
Bioresources Technology Unit Jones, N.L. 2009. A combined ITS rDNA guatemalensis (Jahnulales: Pezizomycotina; and β-tubulin phylogeny of Thai species Dothideomycetes, Incertae sedis): A new of Hypocrella with non-fragmenting lineage of marine ascomycetes. Mycologia, ascospores. Mycol Res, doi:10.1016/j.mycres. 102(1):83-92. 2009.02.004 68 Trisuwan, K., Rukachaisirikul, V., Sukpondma, 67 Suetrong, S., Sakayaroj, J., Phongpaichit, Y., Preedanon, S., Phongpaichit, S. and S. and Jones, E.B.G. 2009. Morphological Sakayaroj, J. 2009. Pyrone derivatives from and molecular characteristics of a poorly the marine-derived fungus Nigrospora sp. known marine ascomycete, Manglicola PSU-F18. Phytochemistry, 70(4):554-557.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM The Information Systems Laboratory
1 Liu, P., Jing, J., Luenam, P., Wang, Y., Li, L. bioinformatics approaches. BMC Genomics, and Ingsriswang, S. 2004. The design and 9 :181. implementation of a self-healing database 4 Mhuanthong, W. and Wichadakul, D. 2009. system. J Intell Inf Syst, 23(3):247-269. . MicroPC (μPC): A comprehensive resource 2 Ingsriswang, S. and Pacharawongsakda, for predicting and comparing plant E. 2007. sMOL explorer: an open source, microRNAs. BMC Genomics, 10:366. web-enabled database and exploration 5 Pacharawongsakda E., Yokwai S. and tool for small MOLecules datasets. Ingsriswang S. 2009. Potential natural Bioinformatics, 23(18):2498-2500. product discovery from microbes through a 3 Viratyosin, W., Ingsriswang, S., diversity-guided computational framework. Pacharawongsakda, E. and Palittapongarnpim, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 82(3):579-586. 82 P. 2008. Genome-wide subcellular 6 Wichadakul, D., Numnark, S. and Ingsriswang, localization of putative outer membrane S. 2009. d-Omix: a mixer of generic protein and extracellular proteins in Leptospira domain analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res, interrogans serovar Lai genome using 37(2):W417 - W421.
Ecology Laboratory
1 Brockelman, W.Y. 2004. Inheritance and agarwood. Biol Conserv, 141(6):1676-1686. selective effects of color phase in white- 4 Brodie, J.F. and Brockelman, W.Y. 2009. handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) in central Bed site selection of red muntjac (Muntiacus Thailand. Mamm Biol, 69(2):73-80. muntjak) and sambar (Rusa unicolor) in a 2 Chanthorn, W. and Brockelman, W.Y. 2008. tropical seasonal forest. Ecol Res, 24(6) :1251- Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in 1256 the light-demanding trees Choerospondias 5 Brodie, J.F., Helmy, O.E., Brockelman, W.Y., axillaris in old-growth forest in Thailand. Sci Maron, J.L. 2009. Bushmeat poaching Asia, 34(2):129-135. reduces the seed dispersal and population 3 Zhang, L., Brockelman, W.Y. and Allen, growth rate of a mammal-dispersed tree. Ecol M.A. 2008. Matrix analysis to evaluate Appl, 19(4):854-63. sustainability: The tropical tree Aquilaria crassna, a heavily poached source of
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology