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Franco-Italian Epic and Lombardia As a Narrative Community (1250-1441)

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Franco-Italian Epic and Lombardia As a Narrative Community (1250-1441) REMAPPING THE STORY: FRANCO-ITALIAN EPIC AND LOMBARDIA AS A NARRATIVE COMMUNITY (1250-1441) by STEPHEN PATRICK MCCORMICK A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Romance Languages and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2011 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Stephen Patrick McCormick Title: Remapping the Story: Franco-Italian Epic and Lombardia as a Narrative Community (1250-1441) This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Romance Langauges by: Barbara K. Altmann Co-Chairperson F. Regina Psaki Co-Chairperson Robert Davis Member Warren Ginsberg Member Leslie Zarker Morgan Outside Member and Richard Linton Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies/Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2011 ii © 2011 Stephen Patrick McCormick iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Stephen Patrick McCormick Doctor of Philosophy Department of Romance Languages June 2011 Title: Remapping the Story: Franco-Italian Epic and Lombardia as a Narrative Community (1250-1441) Approved: _______________________________________________ Barbara K. Altmann, Co-Chair Approved: _______________________________________________ F. Regina Psaki, Co-Chair ! ! My dissertation focuses on the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Franco-Italian literary corpus. These texts, written in a hybrid French-Italianate language, include such works as the Entrée d’Espagne and, more famously, Marco Polo’s Le devisement dou monde. Using postcolonial theory, I identify nationalist ideologies in modern scholarship that have marginalized the Franco-Italian tradition. This tradition exemplifies a medieval aesthetic of cultural and linguistic hybridity that defies modern constructs of national linguistic identity, border politics, and linguistic purity. My revisionist study argues the independent merit of medieval Lombard literature and replaces the national model with a mosaic of overlapping linguistic and cultural centers mapped according to their respective narrative communities. I use two Franco-Italian texts—a version of the Chanson de Roland and the Huon d’Auvergne iv —to explore how the borders of the modern printed book have distorted our interpretation of medieval Lombard works. The Chanson de Roland exists in ten French versions. Following nineteenth-century textual emendation praxis, most modern editions are based on Oxford Bodelian Digby 23. The Franco-Italian version of the Chanson de Roland (Biblioteca Marciana fr. IV [=225]), or Venice 4, has received little critical and editorial attention. I problematize the putative superiority of the Oxford manuscript and propose the theoretical apparatus necessary to reinterpret the Venice 4 text within its geo-social specificity, outside the textual borders of the modern printed literary classic. Finally, I explore how each Huon d’Auvergne manuscript can function as a performance artifact which, because of its irreproducibility, must be considered an original document, not merely a component within a hierarchy of textual transmission. I examine how Andrea da Barberino later creates an authoritative, politicized reading of the Huon d’Auvergne by removing it from its manuscript matrix and placing it within the textual boundaries of chapters and books. By de-stabilizing and de-centering notions of literary canon and linguistic purity, my study suggests new ways of interpreting not only minority medieval narrative traditions but also present-day hybrid language migrant narratives in both France and Italy. v CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Stephen Patrick McCormick GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, OR Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy Centre d’Etudes Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale, Poitiers, France Université de Nantes, Nantes, France University of Redlands, Redlands, CA DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Romance Languages, 2011, University of Oregon Master of Arts, Romance Languages, 2005, University of Oregon Bachelor of Arts, Romance Languages, 2000, University of Redlands AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Franco-Italian Epic Nineteenth-Century Medievalisms Middle Ages in Film and Science Fiction Musicology and Music in the Middle Ages PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Graduate Teaching Fellow, University of Oregon, 2002-2006; 2008-2010 Instructor of English, British Institutes, Castelfranco Veneto, 2007-2008 Instructor of English, Coligny Cornet et Paul Eluard, Poitiers, France, 2006-2007 vi Instructor of Italian, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, summer 2008 Instructor of French, Hawarden Hills Academy, Riverside, CA, 2000-2002 GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: University of Oregon Doctoral Research Fellowship, University of Oregon, Full tuition remission and stipend for AY 2010-2011 Mary A. Wetzel Graduate Fellowship, University of Oregon, Conference Attendance in Geneva, Switzerland, 2009 Medieval Academy of America CARA Scholarship, Seminar on Medieval Codicology and Palaeography, University of New Mexico, 2006 Department of Romance Languages Summer Research Award, University of Oregon, Research in Poitiers, France, 2006 Department of Romance Languages Summer Research Award, University of Oregon, Research in Pienza, Italy, 2004 vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was written by a community of friends, family, professors and colleagues, all of whom provided the necessary and invaluable support needed for the completion of this project. It is difficult to find the words to express my gratitude to Professors Barbara K. Altmann and Regina F. Psaki who, for the past nine years, have been a constant source of encouragement, guidance and inspiration along this long journey. My passion for the stories, humor and wisdom of the Middle Ages grew out of our many meetings in their offices and these moments will make for many of the fondest memories of my graduate school career. I am forever indebted to their standards of excellence and their tireless commitment to my education; this dissertation would not have been possible without them. I would also like to express my special thanks to Professor Leslie Zarker Morgan. Our many phone conversations and our meetings in Baltimore, Geneva and Los Angeles have been critical to the success of this project. Her enthusiasm for Franco-Italian literature is contagious, and I owe many of this project’s insights to her encouragement and suggestions. I wish to also express my sincere appreciation to Professors Robert Davis and Warren Ginsberg, both of whom have offered invaluable suggestions and insight into language, teaching, philology, Chaucer and Dante. I owe a debt of gratitude to Professors Lori Kruckenburg and Nathalie Hester, whose charisma and guidance have been instrumental in my professional development. Deciphering medieval plainchant manuscripts and playing the part of messer Nicia in a play at the local coffee shop are only two of many lasting memories I owe to these two mentors. Although it is impossible viii to thank everyone who has contributed in the writing of this dissertation, the sustained support of four loyal friends - Andy, Emily, Jon and Rocky - must not go unmentioned. I would like to thank the office staff of the Department of Romance Languages - Christina, Linda and Zack - for attempting to make me stay organized, and I am especially indebted to the hard work of the faculty for making my graduate school experience challenging, exciting, enriching. I would also like to thank the Department of Romance languages for their funding over the past nine years and the generosity of the University of Oregon Graduate School, which has provided the necessary funding to carry out archival research in Italy. Finally, I wish to thank Dr. Furio Brugnolo at the Università degli Studi di Padova and the Biblioteca del Seminario Vescovile for generously making the necessary documents and manuscript available during my research trip to Padua, in Fall 2010. ix For my parents, Don and Lee. x TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. WRITING NATION: FRANCO-ITALIAN STUDIES AND NATIONAL LITERARY HISTORIOGRAPHIES ........................................................................... 1 Textual Spaces and National Programs: Survey of Franco-Italian Studies ........... 5 Decolonizing the Narrative Past: Postcolonial Methodologies ............................. 21 II. REWRITING BORDERS: LOMBARDIA AS A NARRATIVE COMMUNITY .. 33 Toward a Geography of Narration ......................................................................... 47 The Cycle of Narration........................................................................................... 50 Source and Original Document.............................................................................. 59 Source-as-Agent..................................................................................................... 62 Source-as-Performance .......................................................................................... 66 Source-as-Tradition................................................................................................ 70 Locating the Lombard Narrative Community ....................................................... 73 III. WRITING AGAINST THE RULES: THE HYBRID LANGUAGE AESTHETIC OF THE LOMBARD NARRATIVE COMMUNITY ................................................. 88 “Con mezzi
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