Mini-FLOTAC As an Alternative, Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool For
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications
Volume 1- Issue 5 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000419 Erick VG Komba. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications Erick VG Komba* Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Received: September 21, 2017; Published: October 06, 2017 *Corresponding author: Erick VG Komba, Senior lecturer, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania Abstract Zoonoses caused by parasites constitute a large group of infectious diseases with varying host ranges and patterns of transmission. Their public health impact of such zoonoses warrants appropriate surveillance to obtain enough information that will provide inputs in the design anddistribution, implementation prevalence of control and transmission strategies. Apatterns need therefore are affected arises by to the regularly influence re-evaluate of both human the current and environmental status of zoonotic factors. diseases, The economic particularly and in view of new data available as a result of surveillance activities and the application of new technologies. Consequently this paper summarizes available information in Tanzania on parasitic zoonoses encountered in slaughter stocks during post-mortem examination at slaughter facilities. The occurrence, in slaughter stocks, of fasciola spp, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid) cysts, Taenia saginata Cysts, Taenia solium Cysts and ascaris spp. have been reported by various researchers. Information on these parasitic diseases is presented in this paper as they are the most important ones encountered in slaughter stocks in the country. -
Epidemiology of Human Fascioliasis
eserh ipidemiology of humn fsiolisisX review nd proposed new lssifition I P P wF F wsEgomD tFqF istenD 8 wFhF frgues he epidemiologil piture of humn fsiolisis hs hnged in reent yersF he numer of reports of humns psiol hepti hs inresed signifintly sine IWVH nd severl geogrphil res hve een infeted with desried s endemi for the disese in humnsD with prevlene nd intensity rnging from low to very highF righ prevlene of fsiolisis in humns does not neessrily our in res where fsiolisis is mjor veterinry prolemF rumn fsiolisis n no longer e onsidered merely s seondry zoonoti disese ut must e onsidered to e n importnt humn prsiti diseseF eordinglyD we present in this rtile proposed new lssifition for the epidemiology of humn fsiolisisF he following situtions re distinguishedX imported sesY utohthonousD isoltedD nononstnt sesY hypoED mesoED hyperED nd holoendemisY epidemis in res where fsiolisis is endemi in nimls ut not humnsY nd epidemis in humn endemi resF oir pge QRR le reÂsume en frnËisF in l p gin QRR figur un resumen en espnÄ olF ± severl rtiles report tht the inidene is sntrodution signifintly ggregted within fmily groups psiolisisD n infetion used y the liver fluke euse the individul memers hve shred the sme ontminted foodY psiol heptiD hs trditionlly een onsidered to e n importnt veterinry disese euse of the ± severl rtiles hve reported outreks not neessrily involving only fmily memersY nd sustntil prodution nd eonomi losses it uses in livestokD prtiulrly sheep nd ttleF sn ontrstD ± few rtiles hve reported epidemiologil surveys -
CDC Overseas Parasite Guidelines
Guidelines for Overseas Presumptive Treatment of Strongyloidiasis, Schistosomiasis, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections for Refugees Resettling to the United States U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of Global Migration and Quarantine February 6, 2019 Accessible version: https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/overseas/intestinal- parasites-overseas.html 1 Guidelines for Overseas Presumptive Treatment of Strongyloidiasis, Schistosomiasis, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections for Refugees Resettling to the United States UPDATES--the following are content updates from the previous version of the overseas guidance, which was posted in 2008 • Latin American and Caribbean refugees are now included, in addition to Asian, Middle Eastern, and African refugees. • Recommendations for management of Strongyloides in refugees from Loa loa endemic areas emphasize a screen-and-treat approach and de-emphasize a presumptive high-dose albendazole approach. • Presumptive use of albendazole during any trimester of pregnancy is no longer recommended. • Links to a new table for the Treatment Schedules for Presumptive Parasitic Infections for U.S.-Bound Refugees, administered by IOM. Contents • Summary of Recommendations • Background • Recommendations for overseas presumptive treatment of intestinal parasites o Refugees originating from the Middle East, Asia, North Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean o Refugees -
Rapid Screening for Schistosoma Mansoni in Western Coã Te D'ivoire Using a Simple School Questionnaire J
Rapid screening for Schistosoma mansoni in western Coà te d'Ivoire using a simple school questionnaire J. Utzinger,1 E.K. N'Goran,2 Y.A. Ossey,3 M. Booth,4 M. TraoreÂ,5 K.L. Lohourignon,6 A. Allangba,7 L.A. Ahiba,8 M. Tanner,9 &C.Lengeler10 The distribution of schistosomiasis is focal, so if the resources available for control are to be used most effectively, they need to be directed towards the individuals and/or communities at highest risk of morbidity from schistosomiasis. Rapid and inexpensive ways of doing this are needed, such as simple school questionnaires. The present study used such questionnaires in an area of western Coà te d'Ivoire where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic; correctly completed questionnaires were returned from 121 out of 134 schools (90.3%), with 12 227 children interviewed individually. The presence of S. mansoni was verified by microscopic examination in 60 randomly selected schools, where 5047 schoolchildren provided two consecutive stool samples for Kato±Katz thick smears. For all samples it was found that 54.4% of individuals were infected with S. mansoni. Moreover, individuals infected with S. mansoni reported ``bloody diarrhoea'', ``blood in stools'' and ``schistosomiasis'' significantly more often than uninfected children. At the school level, Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the prevalence of S. mansoni significantly correlated with the prevalence of reported bloody diarrhoea (P = 0.002), reported blood in stools (P = 0.014) and reported schistosomiasis (P = 0.011). Reported bloody diarrhoea and reported blood in stools had the best diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 88.2%, specificity: 57.7%, positive predictive value: 73.2%, negative predictive value: 78.9%). -
Coinfection of Schistosoma (Trematoda) with Bacteria, Protozoa and Helminths
CHAPTER 1 Coinfection of Schistosoma (Trematoda) with Bacteria, Protozoa and Helminths ,† ‡ Amy Abruzzi* and Bernard Fried Contents 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Coinfection of Species of Schistosoma and Plasmodium 4 1.2.1. Animal studies 21 1.2.2. Human studies 23 1.3. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Protozoans other than in the Genus Plasmodium 24 1.3.1. Leishmania 32 1.3.2. Toxoplasma 32 1.3.3. Entamoeba 34 1.3.4. Trypanosoma 35 1.4. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Salmonella 36 1.4.1. Animal studies 36 1.4.2. Human studies 42 1.5. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Bacteria other than Salmonella 43 1.5.1. Mycobacterium 43 1.5.2. Helicobacter pylori 49 1.5.3. Staphylococcus aureus 50 1.6. Coinfection of Schistosoma and Fasciola Species 50 1.6.1. Animal studies 57 1.6.2. Human studies 58 * Skillman Library, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA { Epidemiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, New Jersey, USA { Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA Advances in Parasitology, Volume 77 # 2011 Elsevier Ltd. ISSN 0065-308X, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-391429-3.00005-8 All rights reserved. 1 2 Amy Abruzzi and Bernard Fried 1.7. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species and Helminths other than the Genus Fasciola 59 1.7.1. Echinostoma 59 1.7.2. Hookworm 70 1.7.3. Trichuris 70 1.7.4. Ascaris 71 1.7.5. Strongyloides and Trichostrongyloides 72 1.7.6. Filarids 73 1.8. Concluding Remarks 74 References 75 Abstract This review examines coinfection of selected species of Schisto- soma with bacteria, protozoa and helminths and focuses on the effects of the coinfection on the hosts. -
Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records
125 Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 Charles R. Bursey Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango, Sharon, PA 16146 Matthew B. Connior Life Sciences, Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR 72712 Abstract: Between May 2013 and September 2015, two amphibian and eight reptilian species/ subspecies were collected from Atoka (n = 1) and McCurtain (n = 31) counties, Oklahoma, and examined for helminth parasites. Twelve helminths, including a monogenean, six digeneans, a cestode, three nematodes and two acanthocephalans was found to be infecting these hosts. We document nine new host and three new distributional records for these helminths. Although we provide new records, additional surveys are needed for some of the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles of the state, particularly those in the western and panhandle regions who remain to be examined for helminths. ©2015 Oklahoma Academy of Science Introduction Methods In the last two decades, several papers from Between May 2013 and September 2015, our laboratories have appeared in the literature 11 Sequoyah slimy salamander (Plethodon that has helped increase our knowledge of sequoyah), nine Blanchard’s cricket frog the helminth parasites of Oklahoma’s diverse (Acris blanchardii), two eastern cooter herpetofauna (McAllister and Bursey 2004, (Pseudemys concinna concinna), two common 2007, 2012; McAllister et al. 1995, 2002, snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), two 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014a, b, c; Bonett Mississippi mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum et al. 2011). However, there still remains a hippocrepis), two western cottonmouth lack of information on helminths of some of (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma), one the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles southern black racer (Coluber constrictor of the state (Sievert and Sievert 2011). -
Waterborne Zoonotic Helminthiases Suwannee Nithiuthaia,*, Malinee T
Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) 167–193 www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Review Waterborne zoonotic helminthiases Suwannee Nithiuthaia,*, Malinee T. Anantaphrutib, Jitra Waikagulb, Alvin Gajadharc aDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand bDepartment of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand cCentre for Animal Parasitology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon Laboratory, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 2R3 Abstract This review deals with waterborne zoonotic helminths, many of which are opportunistic parasites spreading directly from animals to man or man to animals through water that is either ingested or that contains forms capable of skin penetration. Disease severity ranges from being rapidly fatal to low- grade chronic infections that may be asymptomatic for many years. The most significant zoonotic waterborne helminthic diseases are either snail-mediated, copepod-mediated or transmitted by faecal-contaminated water. Snail-mediated helminthiases described here are caused by digenetic trematodes that undergo complex life cycles involving various species of aquatic snails. These diseases include schistosomiasis, cercarial dermatitis, fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis. The primary copepod-mediated helminthiases are sparganosis, gnathostomiasis and dracunculiasis, and the major faecal-contaminated water helminthiases are cysticercosis, hydatid disease and larva migrans. Generally, only parasites whose infective stages can be transmitted directly by water are discussed in this article. Although many do not require a water environment in which to complete their life cycle, their infective stages can certainly be distributed and acquired directly through water. Transmission via the external environment is necessary for many helminth parasites, with water and faecal contamination being important considerations. -
Performance of Two Serodiagnostic Tests for Loiasis in A
Performance of two serodiagnostic tests for loiasis in a Non-Endemic area Federico Gobbi, Dora Buonfrate, Michel Boussinesq, Cédric Chesnais, Sébastien Pion, Ronaldo Silva, Lucia Moro, Paola Rodari, Francesca Tamarozzi, Marco Biamonte, et al. To cite this version: Federico Gobbi, Dora Buonfrate, Michel Boussinesq, Cédric Chesnais, Sébastien Pion, et al.. Perfor- mance of two serodiagnostic tests for loiasis in a Non-Endemic area. PLoS Neglected Tropical Dis- eases, Public Library of Science, 2020, 14 (5), pp.e0008187. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008187. inserm- 02911633 HAL Id: inserm-02911633 https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-02911633 Submitted on 4 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES RESEARCH ARTICLE Performance of two serodiagnostic tests for loiasis in a Non-Endemic area 1 1 2 2 Federico GobbiID *, Dora Buonfrate , Michel Boussinesq , Cedric B. Chesnais , 2 1 1 1 3 Sebastien D. Pion , Ronaldo Silva , Lucia Moro , Paola RodariID , Francesca Tamarozzi , Marco Biamonte4, Zeno Bisoffi1,5 1 IRCCS Sacro -
In Vitro and in Vivo Trematode Models for Chemotherapeutic Studies
589 In vitro and in vivo trematode models for chemotherapeutic studies J. KEISER* Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland (Received 27 June 2009; revised 7 August 2009 and 26 October 2009; accepted 27 October 2009; first published online 7 December 2009) SUMMARY Schistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiases are chronic parasitic diseases affecting millions of people mostly in the developing world. Additional drugs should be developed as only few drugs are available for treatment and drug resistance might emerge. In vitro and in vivo whole parasite screens represent essential components of the trematodicidal drug discovery cascade. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of in vitro and in vivo screening systems of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the intestinal fluke Echinostoma caproni. Examples of in vitro and in vivo evaluation of compounds for activity are presented. To boost the discovery pipeline for these diseases there is a need to develop validated, robust high-throughput in vitro systems with simple readouts. Key words: Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Echinostoma caproni, in vitro, in vivo, drug discovery, chemotherapy. INTRODUCTION by chemotherapy. However, only two drugs are currently available: triclabendazole against fascio- Thus far approximately 6000 species in the sub-class liasis and praziquantel against the other food-borne Digenea, phylum Platyhelminthes have been de- trematode infections and schistosomiasis (Keiser and scribed in the literature. Among them, only a dozen Utzinger, 2004; Keiser et al. 2005). Hence, there is a or so species parasitize humans. These include need for discovery and development of new drugs, the blood flukes (five species of Schistosoma), liver particularly in view of growing concern about re- flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola sistance developing to existing drugs. -
Endemicity of Opisthorchis Viverrini Liver Flukes, Vietnam, 2011–2012
LETTERS Endemicity of for species identification of Opisthor- A total of 4 fish species were in- chis fluke metacercariae 7( ). fected with O. viverrini metacercariae Opisthorchis Fish were collected from Tuy (online Technical Appendix Table 1, viverrini Liver Hoa City and from the districts of Hoa wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/20/1/13- Flukes, Vietnam, Xuan Dong, Tuy An, and Song Hinh; 0168-Techapp1.pdf). Metacercariae these 3 districts are areas of large prevalence was highest (28.1%) 2011–2012 aquaculture production of freshwater among crucian carp (Carasius aura- To the Editor: Fishborne zoo- fish. Fresh fish from ponds, rice fields, tus). Specific identification was con- notic trematodes are highly prevalent rivers, and swamps were purchased at firmed by morphologic appearance of in many Asian communities (1,2). Al- local markets from April 2011 through adult worms recovered from hamsters though presence of the liver flukeClo - March 2012. The fish sellers provided (Figure) and PCR and sequence anal- norchis sinensis is well documented information about the source of the ysis of the partial metacercarial CO1 in Vietnam (3), evidence of the pres- fish (e.g., type of water body). Fish gene, amplified by CO1-OV-Hap- ence of the more common liver fluke were transported live with mechani- F&R primers (7). Infected fish origi- of Southeast Asia, Opisthorchis viver- cal aeration to the Research Institute nated predominantly from so-called rini, is only circumstantial. Surveys of for Aquaculture No. 3 in Nha Trang, wild water (i.e., swamps, rice fields, human fecal samples have frequently where they were examined for meta- rivers). -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 136/Wednesday, July 15, 2020
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 136 / Wednesday, July 15, 2020 / Notices 42883 interest to the IRS product DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: manufacturers who submitted timely HUMAN SERVICES Table of Contents exceptions, to determine whether the companies remained interested in Food and Drug Administration I. Background: Priority Review Voucher pursuing their appeals of the ALJ’s Program [Docket No. FDA–2008–N–0567] II. Diseases Being Designated Initial Decision. FDA informed the A. Opisthorchiasis companies that, if they did not respond Designating Additions to the Current B. Paragonimiasis and affirm their desire to pursue their List of Tropical Diseases in the Federal III. Process for Requesting Additional appeals by January 8, 2018, the Office of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Diseases To Be Added to the List the Commissioner would conclude that IV. Paperwork Reduction Act AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, V. References the companies no longer wish to pursue HHS. the appeal of the ALJ’s Initial Decision ACTION: Final order. I. Background: Priority Review and will proceed as if the appeals have Voucher Program been withdrawn. The Office of the SUMMARY: The Federal Food, Drug, and Section 524 of the FD&C Act (21 Commissioner did not receive a Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) authorizes the U.S.C. 360n), which was added by response from any of the companies by Food and Drug Administration (FDA or section 1102 of the Food and Drug the given date; therefore, the Agency) to award priority review Administration Amendments Act of Commissioner now deems the vouchers (PRVs) to tropical disease 2007 (Pub. -
Schistosomiasis Front
Urbani School Health Kit TEACHER'S RESOURCE BOOK No Schistosomiasis For Me A Campaign on Preventing and Controlling Worm Infections for Health Promoting Schools World Health Urbani Organization School Health Kit Western Pacific Region Reprinted with support from: Urbani School Health Kit TEACHER'S RESOURCE BOOK No Schistosomiasis For Me A Campaign on the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis for Health Promoting Schools World Health Urbani Organization School Health Kit Western Pacific Region Urbani School Health Kit TEACHER'S RESOURCE BOOK page 1 What is schistosomiasis? What should children know about Schistosomiasis (or snail fever) is a disease common among residents (such as farmers, fisherfolk and their families) of communities where schistosomiasis? there they are exposed to infected bodies of water (such as irrigation systems, rice paddies, swamps). It is caused by worms (blood fluke) called Schistosoma japonicum that live in the intestines (particularly in the hepatic portal vein of the blood vessels) of infected persons. People get these worms by being exposed to waters where a type of tiny snail is present. The cercaria (or larva) that emerged from tiny snails can penetrate the skin submerged in the water. Once inside the body, the cercariae losses its tail and become schistosomula (the immature form of the parasite) that follows blood circulation, migrate to the blood vessels of the intestines and liver and cause illness. Schistosoma Japonicum The schistosomiasis worm has three distinct stages of development (see picture) during a lifetime, namely: (1) egg, (2) larva, and (3) worm. Egg: Persons who are infected with schistosomiasis will pass out worm Egg Larva Worm eggs through their feces.