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Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report

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Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report ABORIGINAL & EUROPEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT [View northeast across the study area from Boggy Creek Road] VALLA URBAN GROWTH AREA VALLA, NSW Mary Dallas Consulting Archaeologists April 2011 Report to Nambucca Shire Council Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW Table of contents 1.0 Project Summary 6 1.1 Project Scope and Objectives 6 1.2 Aboriginal Community Consultation 8 1.3 Legislative and Policy Context 9 1.4 Authorship and Acknowledgements 12 1.5 Summary of Recommendations 12 2.0 Environmental Context 19 2.1 Topography and Hydrology 19 2.2 Geology and Soils 20 3.0 Historical Context 23 3.1 Aboriginal People of the Mid North Coast 24 3.2 Regional History 38 3.3 Local History 50 4.0 Aboriginal Cultural Heritage 64 4.1 Previous Archaeological Research and Investigations 64 4.2 Implications for Heritage Management 76 4.3 Archaeological Field Survey 78 4.4 Conclusions & Assessment 96 5.0 European Heritage 102 5.1 Introduction 102 5.2 Observations 105 5.3 Significance 109 5.4 Legislative Issues 112 5.5 Conclusions 114 6.0 Recommendations 116 6.1 Aboriginal Heritage Recommendations 116 6.2 European Heritage Recommendations 118 7.0 References 120 2 Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW Appendix 1. Aboriginal Community Correspondence [on receipt] List of Figures Figure 1: Map of the North Coast region showing general location of subject lands (circled). 16 Figure 2: The subject lands and local topography. 17 Figure 3: The subject lands in their local context. 18 Figure 4: Macksville & Nambucca 1: 100 000 soil sheet (2000) 22 Figure 5: Aboriginal nations of the North Coast of NSW 24 Figure 6: Hodgkinson’s Cranky Tom and Dilberree & Dance at a Cawarra ceremony (c.1843) 25 Figure 7: Aborigines gathering pippies & oysters in the Port Macquarie area, NSW (c.1900) 30 Figure 8: ‘Charlie’ spearing Kangaroos (c.1843) & Hodgkinson’s Kangaroo at bay (c.1843) 32 Figure 9: Climbing trees for honey & crushing pandanus nuts 34 Figure 10: Stone tool production on the Mid North Coast (c.1905) 36 Figure 11: Settlement in the Nambucca Valley Area (1884) 44 Figure 12: Cow Creek Reserve plan (1900) & Harry ‘Tiger’ Buchanan with Gary Williams (c.1980s) 49 Figure 13. Indicative Map of the Valla area showing select locations 51 Figure 14. Beers Sawmill (c.1920s) 53 Figure 15. Bullock team in the Nambucca Valley – Utungun (1924) 53 Figure 16. Farmland at Valla (1957) 56 Figure 17. Bowra Topographic map – Inch to a mile (1942) 56 Figure 18. The subject lands in relation to 1956 aerial photography. 62 Figure 19. The subject lands in relation to 1980 aerial photography. 62 Figure 20. Registered Aboriginal Sites within the 20km x 20km search area. 65 Figure 21. Location of recorded Aboriginal heritage places within and adjacent to the subject lands. 70 Figure 22. Location of AAS1 and AAS2 (red), Scarred Tree (blue) and proposed reserve buffer zone (green). 75 Figure 23: Agreed survey areas (orange) and survey units within the subject lands. 80 3 Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW Figure 24. View northwest over steeply sloping areas with PAS6 comprising the elevated area in the background. 82 Figure 25. View south up spur in southern portion of survey unit. 83 Figure 26. View west across BCPAD2 from southeastern end. 83 Figure 27. View north from southern end of PAS6 with creek line to the right. 83 Figure 28. View west from PAS6 over BCPAD2 to the elevated ground comprising PAS7. 84 Figure 29. View north across Survey Unit 2 showing excavated drainage channel. 84 Figure 30. Remnant swamp at the southern end of Survey Unit 2. 85 Figure 31. View northwest across PAS8 below spur containing house. 85 Figure 32. View southeast over the reserve lands and Cow Creek from northwestern corner. 86 Figure 33. Small stand of trees in the southwestern corner of the reserve. 86 Figure 34. Scarred “Zipper” tree (CCAR1) recorded within the former Aboriginal Reserve. 87 Figure 35. Steeply sloping ground south of Boggy Creek Road. 88 Figure 36. View northeast over Survey Unit 4 from southwestern corner. 88 Figure 37. View east over flat elevated ground comprising BCPAD1 from western end. 88 Figure 38. Buff silty soil exposed in the bank of Cow Creek above gravel rich subsoil. 89 Figure 39. BC IF1. 89 Figure 40. View east over PAS1 from western end. 89 Figure 41. View northeast over PAS3 below slope containing macadamia plantation. 90 Figure 42. Steeply sloping ground above Boggy Creek with flat ground (PAS4) along creek. 91 Figure 43. View east over PAS5 to the tree lined course of Boggy Creek. 91 Figure 44. Exposed subsoil and gravels within Survey Area 6. 91 Figure 45. Recorded archaeological features in Survey Units 1 & 2. 95 Figure 46. Recorded archaeological features in Survey Units 3, 4, 5 & 6. 95 Figure 48. The current study area (blue outline) and shaded areas previously investigated by MDCA (2010). 104 Figure 49. Land at Bale Close 106 Figure 50. Cow Creek Road 107 Figure 51. Old trucks on Valla Road 107 Figure 52. Valla Road property with plantation and view to Mount England 108 4 Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW Figure 53. Valla Road property 108 Figure 54. Land near Forest Oak Chase 109 List of Tables Table 1. Site features from AHIMS Register search for the current study, previous study and Nambucca LGA. 66 Table 2. Recorded sites within and in close proximity to the current study area. 67 5 Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW 1.0 1.0Project Summary This report has been prepared by Mary Dallas Consulting Archaeologists (MDCA) for Nambucca Shire Council. It details the findings of an Aboriginal and European heritage assessment of several parcels of land located within the Valla Urban Growth Area on the mid north coast of New South Wales (refer Figures 1-3). The subject lands are broadly bounded to the east by Boggy Creek/Cedar Creek, the Pacific Highway and Deep Creek, to the north by Valla Road and other adjacent rural properties, to the west by rural properties at the base of the eastern slope of Mt England and to the south by rural lands south of Boggy Creek Road. The subject lands exclude two large allotments within this area (Lot 19 DP 755560 and Lot 1 DP 253772) which have been subject to previous Aboriginal and European heritage assessment (MDCA 2010). The subject lands are around 550 hectares and located within the Nambucca Shire Council Local Government Area (LGA) and are within the Parish of Valley Valley, County of Raleigh. 1.1 Project Scope and Objectives The purpose of the current study is to identify any European and Aboriginal cultural heritage issues in relation to the subject lands and provide appropriate management recommendations for any recorded or potential items of cultural heritage which may occur within the subject lands in anticipation of future subdivision. It is noted that the full extent of the subject lands is not proposed for future subdivision, and that the heritage values of the subject lands has been focussed on those areas currently considered for subdivision, as discussed below. The study was designed to be compatible with a previous recent assessment of adjacent lands within the Valla Urban Growth Area (MDCA 2010). It has included: an Aboriginal archaeological survey; background research into the Aboriginal history of the area, and into the known and predicted Aboriginal sites of the region and more local area; consultation with members of the local Aboriginal community and community organisations; a European historical archaeological survey and background research into local history and previous land use history. The specific aims are outlined below. 1.1.1 Aboriginal Community Consultation To undertake preliminary Aboriginal community consultation consistent with earlier consultation undertaken for other parts of the Valla Urban Growth Area. It should be noted that stages in the planning process consultation under the DECCW 2010 guidelines would need to occur. The earlier consultation included public notification through the print media and direct notification to relevant government departments and agencies. To undertake a field survey of the subject land with the Nambucca Local Aboriginal Land Council and other appropriate Aboriginal community representatives as identified by the above public notification process. These were members of the Buchanan family, Bridget and 6 Aboriginal & European Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Valla Urban Growth Area, Valla NSW Victor Buchanan and The Muurrbay Aboriginal Language & Culture Co-operative represented by Gary Williams. To invite any Aboriginal cultural or historical knowledge about the subject land from the Aboriginal people and organisations consulted as part of the study. To incorporate into the assessment process the Aboriginal cultural views, concerns and recommendations provided by the Aboriginal people and organisations consulted as part of the study. 1.1.2 Background Research To undertake background research into the location, context and nature of previously recorded Aboriginal and European sites within the subject lands and areas immediately surrounding the subject lands, through Register and Inventory searches. From a targeted review of historical records and databases on Aboriginal and European occupation, previous archaeological and heritage assessments and known archaeology of the region, to identify the types of sites and archaeological evidence which may occur within the subject lands and to assess the potential for such evidence to occur within the subject lands relative to any future proposed uses or impacts. 1.1.3 Field Survey To undertake a survey for Aboriginal and European heritage sites or relics on the subject land in conjunction with local Aboriginal community representatives.
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