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Catalogue of Latvian Silphidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)

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Catalogue of Latvian Silphidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp. 19 (1) 2019 ISSN 1407 - 8953 CATALOGUE OF LATVIAN SILPHIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) Andris Bukejs, Marina Janovska Bukejs A., Janovska M. 2019. Catalogue of Latvian Silphidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp., 19 (1): 17 – 29. A critical annotated catalogue of Silphidae species recorded in Latvia is presented. In total, 20 species belonging to 8 genera and two subfamilies are confirmed for Latvia. A complete bibliography of Latvian large carrion beetles is reviewed and analysed. The brief research history of Latvian Silphidae is presented. The Latvian silphid fauna is represented by five chorotypes. Species with wide distribution are prevailing: Asiatic-European (8 species or 40.0%), Palaearctic (4 species or 20.0%), and Centralasiatic-European (4 species or 20.0%). Key words: large carrion beetles, Silphidae, Latvia, fauna, catalogue, biogeography, biodiversity.. Andris Bukejs, Marina Janovska. Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Vienības Str. 13, Daugavpils, LV - 5401, Latvia, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] INTRODUCTION The first information on large carrion beetles Silphidae is divided into two subfamilies from the present territory of Latvia was Silphinae and Nicrophorinae, and contains about published in the second half of the 18th century 200 species in 15 genera worldwide (Bouchard by J.B. Fischer (1778, 1784, 1791). In the et al. 2011, Ślipiński et al. 2011). The family first edition of his monograph Versuch“ einer has a worldwide distribution but is predominant Naturgeschichte von Livland”, which introduced in Holarctic (temperate regions) (Sikes 2005, the natural history of Livland (Fischer 1778), 2008). The most of silphids are necrophagous three species of Silpha were mentioned: Silpha and feed on carrion; members of few genera (e.g. littoralis L. [Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus)]; Ablattaria Reitter, Dendroxena Motschulsky Silpha seminulum L. [according to Perreau and Phosphuga Leach) are specialised (2004), it is Agathidium seminulum (Linnaeus, predators of small invertebrates (snails, slugs 1758) (Leiodidae)]; and Silpha aquatica L. and caterpillars) or phytophagous (genus [according to Hansen (2004), it is Helophorus Aclypea Reitter) (Nikolajev & Kozminykh aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Helophoridae)]. 2002, Sikes 2005, 2008, Pushkin 2015). After some additions (Fischer 1784), in the Large carrion beetles perform vital ecosystem second edition of his monograph, Fischer function of contributing to the breakdown and (1791) already were mentioned eight Silpha recycling of organic matter within the terrestrial species. Of them three species only belong to ecosystem (Peck 1990, Kalinova et al. 2009, Silphidae, namely S. littoralis L. [Necrodes Dekeirsschieter et al. 2011). littoralis (Linnaeus)], Silpha oscura L., and S. 17 Bukejs A., Janovska M. vespillo L. [Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus)]. second edition of the monograph Seidlitz (1887- Other five listed Silpha species belongs to 1891), 12 species of Silphinae and 7 species of another Coleoptera families: Silpha aquatica L. Nicrophorinae were mentioned. [according to Hansen (2004), it is Helophorus aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Helophoridae)]; At the beginning of the 20th century, another Silpha ferruginea L. [according to Kolibáč checklist of Baltic Coleoptera was published (2007), it is Peltis ferruginea Linnaeus, 1758 (Rathlef 1905). In this list, 19 species of (Trogossitidae)]; Silpha quadripustulata L. Silphidae were reported for Latvia. [according to Jelínek & Audisio (2007), Silpha quadripustulata Linnaeus, 1761 is synonym of A few other papers containing faunal data Silpha quadripunctata Linnaeus, 1758 and this on large carrion beetles were published at the taxon belong to sap beetle genus Glischrochilus beginning of the 20th century (Heyden 1903, Reitter, 1873, G. quadripunctatus Linnaeus, Lindberg 1932, Lackschewitz & Mikutowicz 1758 (Nitidulidae)]; Silpha sabulosa L. 1939). [according to Iwan & Löbl (2008), it is Opatrum sabulosum Linnaeus, 1760 (Tenebrionidae)]; Four silphid species, namely Necrodes and Silpha seminulum L. [according to Perreau littoralis (Linnaeus), Nicrophorus germanicus (2004), it is Agathidium seminulum (Linnaeus, (Linnaeus), N. vespillo (Linnaeus), and N. 1758) (Leiodidae). vespilloides Herbst, were recorded in Latvian storehouses (Vītols 1941). In “Beschreibungen der Provinz Kurland” (Groschke 1805), the author mentioned Silpha Few species were mentioned as pest of vespillo L. [Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus)], agriculture (Tomsons 1939-1940, 1940, Danka Silpha quadripustulata L. [according to 1950, Smarods & Liepa 1956). Jelínek & Audisio (2007), belong to genus Glischrochilus Reitter, 1873 (Nitidulidae), Fragmentary information on Latvian Silphidae see comment above], Silpha littoralis L. can also be found in Trauberga (1957), [Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus)], Silpha atrata Brammanis (1930), Stiprais & Varzinska (1985), L. [Phosphuga atrata (Linnaeus)] and Silpha Barševskis (1988a, 1988b, 1997), Barševskis rugosa L. [Thanatophilu rugosus (Linnaeus)]. & Savenkovs (1991), Cibuļskis (1995, 1997), Telnov (1996), and Cinītis (1997). In the monograph devoted to the beetle fauna of “Ostseeprovinzen” (Fleischer 1829), six large In monograph “The Beetles of Eastern Latvia” carrion beetles were mentioned: Dendroxena (Barševskis 1993), faunal data on fifteen silphid quadrimaculata (Scopoli) [listed as Silpha species are presented. quadripunctata], Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus) [as Silpha], Silpha tristis Illiger, Thanatophilu As for specially protected nature territories, dispar (Herbst) [as Silpha], Nicrophorus 16 species of Silphidae are known from Silene investigator Zetterstedt [as Necrophorus], Nature Park (Barševskis 2002), and 17 species – and Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus) [as from Gauja National Park (Kalniņš et al. 2007). Necrophorus]. During the last decades, Gailis & Vilks (2001), At the end of the 19th century, Seidlitz’s Spuņģis (2002), Barševskis et al. (2004, 2008, monograph “Fauna Baltica” (Seidlitz 1872- 2009), Telnov et al. (2005, 2010), Bukejs 1875, 1887-1891) was published. In this (2006), Telnov & Salmane (2015), and Roze monograph, keys to families, genera and & Barševskis (2018) have also provided species of the Baltic Coleoptera (including fragmentary faunal data on Latvian large carrion potential ones) were presented. Unfortunately, beetles. not all data on localities were provided. In the 18 Catalogue of Latvian Silphidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) The catalogues of Latvian Coleoptera (Telnov ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF et al. 1997, Telnov 2004) list 19 species of LATVIAN SILPHIDAE Silphidae. Family Silphidae Latreille, 1806 Two papers especially devoted to Latvian Subfamily Silphinae Latreille, 1806 Silphidae: Šmits (1975) present faunal data on 19 species, but Murd & Barševskis (2007) given Genus Aclypea Reitter, 1885 faunal data on 16 silphid species. =Blitophaga Reitter, 1885 The aim of the current work is to critically 1. Aclypea opaca (Linnaeus, 1758) summarize previous bibliographical data, to = hirta Herbst, 1783 compile the annotated catalogue of Latvian = tomentifera Reitter, 1907 Silphidae according to modern systematics, = tomentosa Villers, 1789 and to provide biogeographical analysis of the = villosa Naezén, 1792 Latvian fauna of large carrion beetles. = villosa Reitter, 1887 Precht 1818 (Silpha); Seidlitz 1872-1875 (Silpha), 1887-1891 (Silpha); Rathlef 1905 MATERIAL AND METHODS (Blitophaga); Tomsons 1939-1940, 1940; Ozols 1948; Danka 1950; Eglītis 1954; Smarods & Taxa listed in the current catalogue are arranged Liepa 1956; Trauberga 1957; Ozols 1963, 1973; in tribes and subfamilies. The order of higher taxa Šmits & Spuris 1966; Šmits 1975; Barševskis follows the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, 1988a, 1988b, 1993 (Blitophaga), 2002; Telnov volume 2, chapter Silphidae (Růžička & et al. 1997; Silfverberg 2004, 2010; Růžička Schneider 2004; Růžička 2015) and Bouchard & Schneider 2004; Telnov 2004; Murd & et al. (2011), synonymy and nomenclature for Barševskis 2007; Kalniņš et al. 2007; Růžička the species-rank taxa were used in accordance 2015. with Sikes et al. (2002), Růžička & Schneider (2004), Růžička (2015). Species and genera are 2. Aclypea undata (O.F. Müller, 1776) listed alphabetically. = cancellata Gmelin, 1790 = kindermanni Faust, 1877 The species certainly recorded from Latvia = reticulata Fabricius, 1787 are marked with index number. Synonyms and = verrucosa Faldermann, 1835 references follow species names. For some Precht 1818 (Silpha reticulata); Seidlitz 1872- species a Note is presented. 1875 (Silpha), 1887-1891 (Silpha); Rathlef 1905 (Blitophaga); Tomsons 1940; Trauberga The general distribution of the species was 1957; Ozols 1963, 1973; Šmits 1975; Barševskis analysed according to Lafer (1989), Peck 1993, 2002; Telnov et al. 1997; Silfverberg & Miller (1993), Peck (2001), Nikolajev & 2004, 2010; Růžička & Schneider 2004; Telnov Kozminykh (2002), Sikes et al. (2002), Růžička 2004; Murd & Barševskis 2007; Růžička 2015. & Schneider (2004), Pushkin (2015), Růžička (2015), Ghahari & Háva (2015), and Çiftçi et al. Note: Insufficiently known species, known 2018. The classification of chorotypes follows from few localities. the one suggested by Taglianti et al. (1999). Dendroxena Abbreviations of chorotypes: OLA – Holarctic, Genus Motschulsky, 1858 =Xylodrepa Thomson, 1859 PAL – Palaearctic, ASE – Asiatic-European, Dendroxena quadrimaculata CAE – Centralasiatic-European, and WPA – 3. (Scopoli, West
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