Summer 2013 Number 71
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Culture and Combat in the Colonies: the Indian Army in the Second World War
Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 41(2), 325–355. ISSN 0022–0094. DOI: 10.1177/0022009406062071 Tarak Barkawi Culture and Combat in the Colonies: The Indian Army in the Second World War Military history is a Eurocentric discipline, as Jeremy Black observes.1 So too is military sociology. They are Eurocentric in the straightforward sense that their subject matter overwhelmingly concerns the militaries and wars of European, and latterly Western, states. One response is to enquire into non-Western mili- tary experience as well as the expansion of Western military systems into the non-European world and the hybrid forms that resulted, as for example in the excellent social histories of colonial armies now available.2 But military history and military sociology are Eurocentric in a more significant sense. Categories and assumptions are derived from European histories. Debate over the sources and nature of combat motivation and battlefield conduct, for example, takes place almost entirely on Western terrain, and in no small measure concerns the armed forces of a single power in the second world war — Germany. Non- Western military histories can play an important role in enquiry into why and how soldiers fight. They can critically interrogate the terms of the debate through comparison and contrast, providing new perspective on what is, after all, parochial European experience.3 Some of the insights offered by this ‘post- colonial turn’ are found at the intersection of the British Indian army and questions of combat motivation and the sources of battlefield conduct. -
Contextualizing Military Necessity
Emory International Law Review Volume 27 Issue 1 2013 Contextualizing Military Necessity Nobuo Hayashi Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Nobuo Hayashi, Contextualizing Military Necessity, 27 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 189 (2013). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol27/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HAYASHI GALLEYSPROOFS2 7/16/2013 10:26 AM CONTEXTUALIZING MILITARY NECESSITY ∗ Nobuo Hayashi ABSTRACT Modern theories correctly reject the Kriegsräson doctrine, according to which the laws of war do not override the necessities of war and it is rather the latter that override the former. One such theory holds that unqualified rules of international humanitarian law (“IHL”) exclude military necessity being invoked de novo as a ground for deviation therefrom, yet not as a ground for additional restraint thereon. This theory—let us call it “counter- Kriegsräson”—is unacceptable for two reasons. First, in none of the three pertinent contexts does military necessity restrict or prohibit militarily unnecessary conduct per se. Seen in a strictly material context of war-fighting, military necessity merely embodies a truism that it is in one’s strategic self- interest to pursue what is materially conducive to success and that it is similarly in one’s strategic self-interest to avoid what is not so conducive. -
1 REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS GRENADIER GUARDS Wellington
REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS GRENADIER GUARDS Wellington Barracks Birdcage Walk London SW1E 6HQ Telephone: London District Military: 9(4631) } 3280 Civil: 020 7414 } Facsimile: } 3443 Our Reference: 4004 All First Guards Club Members Date: 24th March 2016 FIRST GUARDS’ CLUB INFORMATION - 2016 1. I attach a Regimental Forecast of Events at Annex A. REGIMENTAL REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY – 15 MAY 16 2. Regimental Remembrance Day will be held on Sunday 15th May 2016. HRH The Colonel is unable to attend this year. All those clear of duty from the 1st Battalion and Nijmegen Company will also attend. Please do make the effort to come. 3. The format of the afternoon will be similar to 2015. Members should aim to be in the Guards Chapel by 1445hrs. The service will start at 1500hrs. As usual, officers, unless accompanied by their wives or girlfriends (in which case they should sit with them), should stand on the left hand (northern) side of the Chapel. Sgts Mess members stand on the right side of the Chapel. 4. After the Service, members should form up on their Battalion Marker Boards on the Square as quickly as possible, ready to march to the Guards Memorial in the normal way. 5. There will be a refreshment tent, serving tea, set up at the eastern end of the Square. It will be open prior to the service and after the return from the Guards Memorial for those who wish to slake their thirst and catch up with friends. 6. All members attending should enter and leave by the West Gate in Birdcage Walk. -
Iwm Research Report 2011
IWM RESEARCH REPORT 2011 Contents 1. Introduction and overview 2 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Overview 3 2. Collaborative Doctoral Awards and PhDs 4 3. Publications 5 3.1 Publications by IWM staff 5 3.2 Media involvement by IWM staff 7 3.3 Expert assistance by IWM staff 9 4. Conferences, lectures, talks and other significant representation 10 2 1. Introduction and overview 1.1. Introduction The Department of Research in 2011 has continued to develop IWM’s longer-term strategies for Research under the guidance of the Research Board. These are still early days, but it is gratifying to note success across a number of fronts. The Department encourages the development of subject expertise across IWM, and fosters the expansion of collections-based research both by IWM staff and by external investigators. A new Research Associates scheme has been successfully launched, and all four of the Collaborative Doctorate Awards applications to the AHRC with which IWM was associated were successful. Eleven IWM staff members have reported 21 publications during the year, with several also making media appearances. 17 staff have given talks and papers, and the Department was represented at various conferences, including the Australian War Memorial’s conference Korea: In from the Cold, a colloquium at the Mémorial de Caen on representations of D Day and a further Federation of International Human Rights Museums (FIHRM) conference at the Museum of Slavery in Liverpool. A very successful ‘Voices of the First World War’ podcast series and an IWM Research Blog have been launched. The Department maintains partnerships and links with universities and other key external relationships, with outcomes including the successful seminar series, Reappraising the First World War, organised in partnership with King’s College London and Queen Mary University of London. -
MEMOIRS of the Royal Artillery Band
TARY M Bfc_ IN ENGLAND ^^B ww <::,>„ /.:' FARMER / /^Vi^i^ 1 *^ '" s S^iii , ~H! ^ **- foH^^ St5* f 1 m £*2i pH *P**" mi * i Ilia TUTu* t W* i L« JW-Rj fA 41U fit* .1? ' ^fl***-* vljjj w?tttai". m~ lift 1 A w rf'Jls jftt » Ijg «Hri ». 4 Imj v .*<-» *)i4bpt=? ..... y MEMOIRS OF THE Royal Artillery Band ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY AND PROGRESS An Account of the Rise of Military Music in England HENRY GEORGE FARMER Bombardier, Royal Artillery Band " 1 am beholden to you for your sweet music —PERICLES WITH 14 ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON BOOSEY & CO., 295, REGENT STREET AND NEW YORK 1904 TO THE OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY THIS HISTORY OF THEIR REGIMENTAL BAND IS BY PERMISSION MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsofroyalarOOfarm —; PREFACE. " Now, instead of going on denying that we are an unmusical nation, let us do our utmost to prove that we are a musical nation."—SIR ALEX. MACKENZIE. " A History of British Military Music is much needed." So said the Musical Times some six or seven years ago and to-day, when military music and military bands are so much discussed, a work of this kind appears to be urgently called for. This volume, however, makes no pretence whatever to supply the want, but merely claims to be a history of one of the famous bands in the service, that of the Royal Artillery. The records of this band date as far back as 1762, when it was formed, and I doubt if there is another band in the army with a continuous history for so long a period. -
Welsh Guards Magazine 2014
WELSHREGIMENTAL MAGAZINEGUARDS 2 0 1 4 WELSH GUARDS REGIMENTAL MAGAZINE 2014 COLONEL-IN-CHIEF Her Majesty The Queen COLONEL OF THE REGIMENT His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales KG KT GCB OM AK QSO PC ADC REGIMENTAL LIEUTENANT COLONEL Major General R H Talbot Rice REGIMENTAL ADJUTANT Colonel (Retd) T C S Bonas BA ASSISTANT REGIMENTAL ADJUTANT Major (Retd) K F Oultram * REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS Wellington Barracks, Birdcage Walk, London, SW1E 6HQ Contact Regimental Headquarters by Email: [email protected] View the Regimental Website at www.army.mod.uk/welshguards View the Welsh Guards Association Website at www.welshguardsassociation.com * AFFILIATIONS 5th Battalion The Royal Australian Regiment 1 2 WELSH GUARDS REGIMENTAL MAGAZINE CONTENTS Foreword Battlefield Tours Regimental Lieutenant Colonel Forward ............................................................ 4 2014 Battlefield Tour ....................................................................................................... 68 Commanding Officer Forward ................................................................................... 6 Normandy and Back in 24hrs ................................................................................... 71 1st Battalion Welsh Guards 70th Anniversary Liberation of Brussels ........................................................... 72 The Prince of Wales’s Company.................................................................................. 8 Monte Battaglia Battlefield Tour 2014 .............................................................. -
Stones Used in the National Memorial Arboretum at Alrewas, Staffordshire
Urban Geology in the English Midlands No. 4 Stones used in the National Memorial Arboretum at Alrewas, Staffordshire Ruth Siddall The Armed Forces Memorial; Portland Stone The National Memorial Arboretum at Alrewas has become established as a garden of National Remembrance, with almost 400 memorials and thousands of commemorative trees (with new ones added every year) which commemorate Her Majesty’s Armed Forces who have served in military campaigns since the start of the 20th Century. Civilian organisations are also represented. These include the Emergency Services and other civilian services, organisations, charities and groups who have served the nation from the UK or the Commonwealth. Other memorials commemorate individuals or groups who have achieved recognition for their service or sacrifice. The site was conceived in the mid 1990s by Royal Navy Commander David Childs CBE and Group Captain Leonard Cheshire who were partly inspired the Arlington National Cemetery in the USA, believing that the UK lacked a single place for national remembrance (Bowdler, 2021; Williams 2014, Gough, 2009). However, unlike Arlington, this is not a cemetery, it is a ‘cenotaphic memorial landscape’ and one not just dedicated to the remembrance of troops and civilians lost in wars (Williams, 2014). The only burials here date to the Bronze Age; several barrows are located on the site (NMA, 2017, Williams, 2014). Land was donated by Lafarge Tarmac Aggregates Ltd., much of the 150 acre site was formally a gravel pit working the glacial river gravels of the Rivers Trent and Tame (the Arboretum is still surrounded by gravel pits today). The area was landscaped and the first trees were planted in 1997. -
Ley and Lois Smith War, Memory and Popular Culture Research
Ley and Lois Smith War, Memory and Popular Culture Research Collection Department of History The University of Western Ontario INTRODUCTION The collection is a diverse assortment of archival materials, microforms, published and printed documents, and secondary sources relating to the cultural dimensions of conflict and the collective memory of war. Its holdings, which might be broadly defined as ephemera, are strongest in a number of areas: • popular culture artifacts • materials relating to veterans organizations • children’s literature and educational materials relating to war history • military training and instructional manuals • wartime publications • materials relating to prisoners of war There are also a large number of personal files that vary in their content. Some contain a long range of correspondence or other material, while others contain a single image or artifact. The original materials in the collection are eclectic, and reflect the manner in which they have been gathered. The emphasis has not been on a coherent acquisitions policy, but rather on preserving materials that might otherwise have been lost. Visits to the collection are by appointment only. Researchers who are unable to visit the archives in person may in certain circumstances be able to purchase photocopies of selected materials. For further information, please contact: Jonathan F. Vance Department of History The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C2 telephone – (519) 661-2111 ext. 84974 facsimile – (519) 661-3010 email – [email protected] -
Preface 1 Introduction
Notes Preface 1. Basil Liddell Hart, The British Way in Warfare (New York: Macmillan, 1933), Chapter 1, ‘The Historical Strategy of Britain’. Liddell Hart’s treatise was writ- ten in reaction to Britain’s costly participation on the Western Front during the Great War; for Michael Howard’s interpretation, see ‘The British Way in Warfare: A Reappraisal’, in The Causes of Wars, and Other Essays (Boston: Unwin Paperbacks, 1985), p. 200. 1 Introduction 1. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (New York: Random House, 1987); Philip Darby, British Defence Policy East of Suez 1947 to 1968 (London: OUP for RIIA, 1973); Nicholas Tarling, The Fall of Imperial Britain in South-East Asia (London: OUP, 1993); Correlli Barnett, The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities 1945–1950 (London: Macmillan Press–now Palgrave, 1995). 2. Barnett condensed this argument for his 1995 presentation to the RUSI. See ‘The British Illusion of World Power, 1945–1950,’ The RUSI Journal, 140:5 (1995) 57–64. 3. Michael Blackwell has studied this phenomenon using a socio-psychological methodology. See Michael Blackwell, Clinging to Grandeur: British Attitudes and Foreign Policy in the Aftermath of the Second World War, (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993). 4. Tarling, p. 170. 5. Darby, p. 327. 6. See John Garnett, ‘Defence Policy-Making,’ in John Baylis et al. (eds), Contemporary Strategy, Vol. II: The Nuclear Powers, 2nd edn (London: Croom Helm, 1987) pp. 1–27. 7. Richard Rosecrance, Defense of the Realm: British Strategy in the Nuclear Epoch (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), Appendix Table 1, Defense Expenditures, pp. -
Battle of Monte Cassino
Battle of Monte Cassino 17 January thru 18 May 1944 Monte Cassino Abbey in November 2004 The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of four assaults by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by the Germans and Italians during the Italian Campaign of World War II. The intention was a breakthrough to Rome. At the beginning of 1944, the western half of the Winter Line was being anchored by Germans holding the Rapido, Liri, and Garigliano valleys and some of the surrounding peaks and ridges. Together, these features formed the Gustav Line. Monte Cassino, a historic hilltop abbey founded in AD 529 by Benedict of Nursia, dominated the nearby town of Cassino and the entrances to the Liri and Rapido valleys, but had been left unoccupied by the German defenders. The Germans had, however, manned some positions set into the steep slopes below the abbey's walls. 1 Fearing that the abbey did form part of the Germans' defensive line, primarily as a lookout post, the Allies sanctioned its bombing on 15 February and American bombers proceeded to drop 1,400 tons of bombs onto it. The destruction and rubble left by the bombing raid now provided better protection from aerial and artillery attacks, so, two days later, German paratroopers took up positions in the abbey's ruins. Between 17 January and 18 May, Monte Cassino and the assaulted four times by Allied troops, the last involving twenty divisions attacking along a twenty-mile Gustav defenses were front. -
MILNE, F. Kenneth COLLECTION Architecture Museum, University of South Australia
MILNE, F. Kenneth COLLECTION Architecture Museum, University of South Australia MILNE, F. Kenneth F. Kenneth Milne (18/07/1885–3/10/1980) was one of South Australia’s most well-known, prolific and popular early- to mid-twentieth century architects. He resisted modernism and remained a devotee of the Georgian style throughout his life. After attending Glenelg Public School for his primary education and North Adelaide Public School for his secondary schooling, Milne received private finishing tuition. He began his architectural career around 1900 when he was articled to Alfred Wells. He then worked as a draftsman for Wells until 1906 when, against Wells’ advice, he moved to Sydney to seek architectural experience, working as a draftsman for Robertson & Marks. When Milne returned to Adelaide in April 1909 and established his own practice, two of his first commissions influenced his early career. The Hampshire Hotel in Grote Street (1910) led the South Australian Brewing Co. Ltd to commission hotels in both metropolitan and rural areas, and the Adelaide Oval Scoreboard (1911) was so revered that the South Australian Cricket Association became a longstanding client. Over time, Milne established a reputation for domestic architecture and he designed many large residences for wealthy members of Adelaide’s establishment. However, he also undertook charitable work and at the outbreak of World War One was an honorary architect for the Red Cross (S.A. Division), a role that continued into the post-war years. In 1912 Milne took on John Richard Schomburgk Evans as his first articled pupil. Evans completed his articles in 1915 but then enlisted to fight in World War One. -
Babylonian London, Nimrod, and the Secret War Against God by Jeremy James, 2014
Extract from: Babylonian London, Nimrod, and the Secret War Against God by Jeremy James, 2014. The Asterism Canis Major Having confirmed that the Babylonian Temple made deliberate use of London's many Asherim to portray astrological phenomena and pagan deities in symbolic form, it seemed reasonable to assume that other examples might be found. To simplify my task I checked the textbooks for asterisms with distinctive characteristics. I also pondered the possibility that some of the larger Asherim , such as Nelson's Column or the Duke of York Column, might correspond with one of the brightest stars. In fact the principle, As above, so below , seemed to require that their terrestrial representatives reflect in some manner the stature or character of the celestial bodies concerned. Since the brightest star in the night sky is Sirius, which lies in the constellation Canis Major , I checked to see whether any of the great columns had been incorporated into its asterism – see charts overleaf. Canis Major was also of special significance because it meant "greater dog," a reference to Nimrod's principal hunting hound, a kind of canine killer. Following this line of reasoning – which was reassuringly consistent with what I had already found – I discovered that the asterism did , in fact, exist and that it covered a large part of central London. What is more, Sirius, its 'stellar' component in every sense, was none other than the Fire of London Monument: 1 www.zephaniah.eu Representations of the Asterism known as Canis Major. Canis Major means "greater dog". It is regarded as Orion's or Nimrod's principal hunting dog.