DOCSLIB.ORG

Igneous Intrusive Rocks of the Peake and Denison Ranges Within the Adelaide Geosyncline

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Igneous Intrusive Rocks of the Peake and Denison Ranges Within the Adelaide Geosyncline tl-io' -GIÜEOIJS IìÜTFÈIJSIVE R.OCKS OF TI;IE PE.ã,KE .ã.¡ÜED DEDÜTSO¡Ü FI.ãNGES T'i'ITIT-¡Ü 1FI:[E .â'EDEI,.â'IDE GEOSYIÜCI,IìÜE \/OLL[&fE I f = Figrures, Plates, Captions, Irfaps, Tabl.es and Appendicies. By: Robert Sinclair Irlorrison B.Sc. (Acadia, L98L) B.Sc. Hons. (Adelaide, 1982) The Department of Geology and Geophysics The University of Adelaide South Australia. This thesis is submitted as fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in GeologY at The University of Adelaide South Australia. February 298à, l-988. Resubmitted March 3L-t, 1989. n¡ q: t c! Jr '"f.' .''ì r ll,r.-¡. lci- I\ \, \ , .' ì T.ã.BI,E OF COIÜTEIÜTS Chapter One: Symopsis of tlre Adelaide Geoslmcline. Figure 1.1: General Geology of Èhe Adelaide Geosynclj-ne. Figure L.2= Structural Geology of the Adelaide Geosybcline. Figure l-.3: Stratigraphic Nomenclature for the Adelaide Geosyncline. Figure L.5.4: Cross-Section of Adelaidean Evaporite Deformation. Plate 1.1-: Diapiric Breccia. Plate L.2z Diapiric Breccia and Contacts. Table L.3.1: RepresentaÈive Geochemistry of Callanna Group Volcanics in the Adelaide Geosyncline. Table 1.3.2: Representative Geochemistry of Burra Group Volcanics in the Adelaide Geosyncline. Table 1.3.3: Representative Geochernistry of the Umberatana Group Volcanic Equivalents. Table l-. 3.5: Representative Geochemistry of Moralana Supergroup Volcanics in the Adelaide Geosyncline. Chapter thtos Igmeous Intn¡sions of the Adelaide Geoslmcline: A Revies. Figure 2.Lz lgneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline and Kanmantoo Trough. Figure 2.7.1-'. Geology of a Northern Section in the willouran Ranges. Figure 2.8: Geology of the Margaret Inlier in the Peake and Denison Ranges. Table 2.Iz Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks in the Adel-aide Geosyncline. TabTe 2.3. 2z Geochemistry of the Anabama Granite. TabIe 2.52 Geochemistry of Early Adelaidean Volcanics in Diapirs. Table 2.7.2¿ Geochemistry of the Intrusive lgneous Rocks of the Arkaroola Region (aft,er Tea1e & Lottermoser, 1987). Table 2.82 GeochemisÈry of the Intrusive lgneous Rocks of the lrlillouran Ranges. Chapter Tlrree: Field ceol.ogr1r and Petrography of tbe Intnrsives of the Pealce and Denison Ranges. Figure 3.2.L'. Classification of the Bungadillina Suite. PIate 3 .1_: Igneous Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges. PIate 3.22 Contact Relations of the Bungadillina Suite. Plate 3.3: Xenoliths within Èhe Bungadillina Suite. PIate 3.4: Dykes and Sills of the Bungadillina Suite. PIate 3.5: Cumulate and Assorted Features of the Bungadillina Suite. Location Maps for the Peake and Denison Ranges and Specific Map Areas wíthin the Peake and Denison Ranges. Map A: Northern Sector of the Northwestern Zone. Map A': Southern Sector for the Northwestern Zone. Map B: Northern Sector for the Northern Zone. Map B': Southern Sector for the Northern Zone. Map C: Central Zone. Map D: Central-East Zone. Map E: Southeastern Zone. Map F: South-CenÈra1 Zone (!{est). Map F': South-Central Zone (East). Map G: Southern Zone. Map H: Northeastern Zone. Map I: Southeastern Zone. Table 3.22 Percentage Modal Mineralogies of Representative Intrusives in the Peake and Deni son Ranges. Chapter For¡r: lf,ineralogy of the Intnrsives of tlre Peake and Denison Ranges. PLate 4.Lz Mineralogy and Petrography - Textures. Plate 4.22 Mineralogy and PeÈrography - LiÈhologies. P]ate 4.32 Mineralogy and Petrography - Minerals. Plate 4.42 Mineralogy and Petrography - AlteraÈion. Figure 4.3: !{hole-Rock Geochernistry for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 4.42 Mineral Chemistry for Garnets of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 4.5.L¿ Pyroxene Classification for the Bungadillina Suite. Fígure 4.5.2r Pyroxene Zoning (core to rim) Chemical Variations. Figure 4.5.3: Sodium Contents of Pyroxenes of the Bungadillina SuiÈe. Figure 4.5.42 Detailed Classification and Chemical Zoning in Pyroxenes of the Bungadillina suite. Figure 4.5.5: Comparison of Who1e-Rock and Pyroxene Mg Numbers. Ficrure 4.5.62 Pvroxene Chemical Variations: 41, Mn and Fê¡c.oc.¡. Fifure 4.6.L2 AirphiboLe Classification for the' BungadilLina Suite. Figure 4.6.22 Àrnphibole Chemistry Variations for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 4.6.3? Arnphibole Chemistry Variatj.ons for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 4.6.42 Comparison of Àmphibole and Whole-Rock Mg Numbers. Figure 4.6.5: Arnphibole Chemistry Variations Between Different Plutonic Groups in the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 4.7 Biotite Chemistries and Classification. Figure 4.7 .22 Comparison of Biotite and lfho1e-Rock Mg Numbers. Figure 4.8 Plagioclase Variations in Zoned Crystals. Fígure 4.8 .22 AIkaIi Feldspar Variations in Zoned Crystals. Figure 4.8 âo Feldspar Ternary Diagrams. Figure 4.L0.1: Classification of Chlorite from the Bungadillina Suite. Table 4.8.L: Co-existing Feldspar Geothermometry. Chapter Five: Geochenistry of the Intnrsive Rocks of Tlre Peake and Denison Rantgtes. Figure 5.2.r.. CLassification of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.2.2. Classification of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.3.1: hlhole-Rock Geochemistry of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.3.22 hlhole-Rock Geochemistry of Èhe Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.3. 3: hlhole-Rock Geochemistry of Èhe Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.3 .4: !{hole-Rock Geochemistry for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.3.5: Vühole-Rock Geochemistry for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5. 3 .6: I¡lhole-Rock Geochemistry for the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.4.1: Who1e-Rock Geochemistry of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.4.22 Whole-Rock Geochemistry of the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.6.1: Rubidiun - Strontium Whole-Rock Isotopes of the BungadíIlina Suite. Figure 5.7 .1-z Comparative Trace-Element Diagrams lilithin the Bungadillina Suite. Figure 5.7 .22 Comparative Trace-Element Diagrams Vf,íthin the Bungadillina Suite, and with Average ttType" Granites from the Lachlan Fold BeIt. Table 5.1: Summary of the Geochemistry of the Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges. Table 5.6.1- Rb-Sr Isotopes for Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges. TabLe 5.6.22 Carbon and Oxygen fsotope Geochemistry for Carbonates of the Peake and Denison Ranges. chapter six: comparative Geochenistrlz of tlre rntn¡sives of tl¡e Pealse anO Denison Ranges with lgmeous Roclss of t.he Adelaide Geoslmcline, Lachlan FoId BeIt and Gasler Craton- Figure 6.2.L2 Comparative Whole-Rock Geoche¡nistry for Igneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and tttypett Granites. Figure 6.2.22 Comparative Whole-Rock Geochemistry for lgneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and tttypett Granites. Figure 6.2.32 Comparative l{hole-Rock Geochemistry for lgneous Rocks of the Àdelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and tttypett Granites. Figure 6.3.1: Comparative Whole-Rock Geochemistry for lgneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and tttypet' Granites. Figure 6.3.22 Comparative !{hole-Rock Geochemistry for lgneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and t'typett Granites. Figure 6.3.3: Comparative Whole-Rock Geochemistry for Igneous Rocks of the Adelaide Geosyncline, Kanmantoo Trough and tttypett Granites. Figure 6.5: Comparative Geochemistry: Tectonic Discrinínation Diagrams. Figure 6.6.L2 Geochemistry of the Anabama Granite. Figure 6.6.22 Geochemistry of the Anabama Granite. Figure 6.72 Comparative Trace Element Diagrans. Chapter Seven: Petrogenesis of Intnrsives of tlre Peake and Denison Ranges. Figure 7.4.L'. Silica Saturation versus the Differentiation Index (D.r. ). Figure 7.4.22 RL - R2 Tectonic Discri¡nination Diagram. Figure 7 .62 Least-Squares Fractionation Modelling. Figure 7.72 Trace Element Fractionation Modelling. Figure 7.LO: Geochemical and Tectonic Classification of the Bungadillina Suit,e. Figure 7.tL: Schematic Cross-Section of the Mantle and Crust for The Bungadillina Suite. Figure 7.J,2: Schematic Cross-Section for Bungaditlina Suite Emplacement in Adelaidean Strata. Table 7.72 Partition Coefficients for Trace Elenent ModelIing of the Bungadillina Suite. Chapter Eight: Inplications of Igmeous Activíty in the Peake and Denison Ranges witlrin the Adelaide Geoslmcline. Tab1e 8.4: Igneous Activity in the Adelaide Geosyncline. Apoendicies l,Iicrofiche Appendicies: Appendies A-L (inctusive) . Appendix A: Petrographic SummarY - Intrusives of the Peake and Deníson Ranges Appendix B: Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of the Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges. Appendix BL: Trace Element Analyes of 7OO0 Series Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges by Comlab Pty. Ltd- Àppendicies C - L: Electron Microprobe Analyses of the Intrusives of the Peake and Denison Ranges. C: Clinopyroxenes. H: Chlorite. D: Amphiboles. f: Epidote. E: AIkaIi Feldspar. J: Garnet. F: Plagioclase Feldspar. K: Oxides. G: Biotite. L: Sphene. Other Appendici.es: Appendix M: Least-Squares Mass Balance Ca1culations. Appendix N: (Preprint) Morrison R.S. & Foden J.D. , L989: A zoned Middle Cambrian pluton in the Pëake and Denison Ranges, South Australia. In: (J. Jago: ed. ) Brian Daly Memorial Volume. GeoL. Soc. AustraTìa. Äppendix O: (Preprint) Foden J.D., Turner S. & Morrison R.S., L989: Tectonic implications of Delamerian magmatism in South Australia and htestern Victoria. In: (J. Jago: ed.) Brian DaIy Memorial Volume. GeoL. Soc. Australìa. Appendix P: (Copy) Morrison R.S., 1986: Early Pal-aeozoic plutonism in the Peake and Denison Ranges, South Austral-ia. Geo7. Soc Aust. Abst. 15. Figure 1.1. General Geology of the Adelaide Geosyncline. Sinptified map of the Adelaide Geosyncline showing rnajor chronostratigraphið uníts, including zones of diapiric breccia, of Àdelaidean añd óarnbrian age (aft,er Forbes, 1983). The ínliers of the peake and Denison Ranges are depicted in the top left of the maP: Note elongate north-south ãones which correspond to the major Delamerian fold pattern (c.f. Fig. L.2). trr\ TEAAE ANU |DENiSON ßÁâ,GES STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE s WILLOURAN ADELAIDE GEOSYNCLINE REGION BI DENISOrl F./¡,ì,GEs II{LIER 'à k MT. BABBAGE II{LIER o À a \ M1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Siluro-Devonian Igneous Rocks of the Easternmost Three Terranes in Southeastern New England: Examples from Ne Massachusetts and Se New Hampshire
    SILURO-DEVONIAN IGNEOUS ROCKS OF THE EASTERNMOST THREE TERRANES IN SOUTHEASTERN NEW ENGLAND: EXAMPLES FROM NE MASSACHUSETTS AND SE NEW HAMPSHIRE by Rudolph Hon, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 J. Christopher Hepburn, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 Jo Laird, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 INTRODUCTION Siluro-Devonian igneous rocks in northeastern Massachusetts and adjacent southern New Hampshire have been the subject of mineralogical, petrological and geological studies for over 150 years (Rodgers et al., 1989; Brady and Cheney, 2004), but only in recent times has it been recognized that these rocks lie in three distinct geological terranes. These rocks include a diverse variety of plutonic and volcanic rocks ranging in chemistry from peralkaline to calc-alkaline. Of particular note are the widely known mid-Paleozoic alkaline plutons that include the type localities of both the rock “essexite,” nepheline monzogabbro to nepheline monzodiorite (Sears, 1891), and the mineral “annite,” iron biotite (Dana, 1868). This field excursion is designed to demonstrate the diversity of the igneous rocks in the area and to visit (weather permitting) some of the classic localities. Throughout the excursion, the relationship of the timing and petrogenesis of the magmatism to the tectonics will be considered. It is impossible to exhaustibly discuss or credit all the work that has led to our current understanding of the igneous rocks in this region. The list includes many petrologists such as H.S. Washington, N. S. Shaler, C. H. Clapp, N. L. Bowen, J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rustenburg Layered Suite Formed As a Stack of Mush with Transient Magma Chambers ✉ Zhuosen Yao1, James E
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20778-w OPEN The Rustenburg Layered Suite formed as a stack of mush with transient magma chambers ✉ Zhuosen Yao1, James E. Mungall 1 & M. Christopher Jenkins 1 The Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex of South Africa is a vast layered accumulation of mafic and ultramafic rocks. It has long been regarded as a textbook result of fractional crystallization from a melt-dominated magma chamber. Here, we show that most 1234567890():,; units of the Rustenburg Layered Suite can be derived with thermodynamic models of crustal assimilation by komatiitic magma to form magmatic mushes without requiring the existence of a magma chamber. Ultramafic and mafic cumulate layers below the Upper and Upper Main Zone represent multiple crystal slurries produced by assimilation-batch crystallization in the upper and middle crust, whereas the chilled marginal rocks represent complementary supernatant liquids. Only the uppermost third formed via lower-crustal assimilation–fractional crystallization and evolved by fractional crystallization within a melt-rich pocket. Layered intrusions need not form in open magma chambers. Mineral deposits hitherto attributed to magma chamber processes might form in smaller intrusions of any geometric form, from mushy systems entirely lacking melt-dominated magma chambers. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 2115 Herzberg Laboratories, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. ✉ email: [email protected] NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2021) 12:505 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20778-w | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20778-w ayered mafic intrusions represent portions of the plumbing derived by incremental crystallization must be removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron Isotope Compositions of Carbonatites Record Melt Generation, Crystallization, and Late-Stage Volatile-Transport Processes
    Miner Petrol (2010) 98:91–110 DOI 10.1007/s00710-009-0055-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Iron isotope compositions of carbonatites record melt generation, crystallization, and late-stage volatile-transport processes Clark M. Johnson & Keith Bell & Brian L. Beard & Aaron I. Shultis Received: 6 January 2009 /Accepted: 1 May 2009 /Published online: 30 May 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Carbonatites define the largest range in Fe iso- fluid-rock or fluid-magma interactions comes from the tope compositions yet measured for igneous rocks, record- common occurrence of Fe isotope disequilibrium among ing significant isotopic fractionations between carbonate, carbonate, oxide, silicate, and sulfide minerals in the oxide, and silicate minerals during generation in the mantle majority of the carbonatites studied. The common occurrence and subsequent differentiation. In contrast to the relatively of Fe isotope disequilibrium among minerals in carbonatites restricted range in δ56Fe values for mantle-derived basaltic may also indicate mixing of phenocyrsts from distinct magmas (δ56Fe=0.0±0.1‰), calcite from carbonatites have magmas. Expulsion of Fe3+-rich brines into metasomatic δ56Fe values between −1.0 and +0.8‰, similar to the range aureols that surround carbonatite complexes are expected to defined by whole-rock samples of carbonatites. Based on produce high-δ56Fe fenites, but this has yet to be tested. expected carbonate-silicate fractionation factors at igneous or mantle temperatures, carbonatite magmas that have modestly negative δ56Fe values of ~ −0.3‰ or lower can Introduction be explained by equilibrium with a silicate mantle. More negative δ56Fe values were probably produced by differen- Stable and radiogenic isotope studies of carbonatites have tiation processes, including crystal fractionation and liquid been used to monitor the secular evolution of the sub- immiscibility.
    [Show full text]
  • SYENITIC COMPOSITE DIKES at CAT COVE, SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS TROTTER, Amanda E
    SYENITIC COMPOSITE DIKES AT CAT COVE, SALEM, MASS... http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001NE/finalprogram/abstract_2816.htm SYENITIC COMPOSITE DIKES AT CAT COVE, SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS TROTTER, Amanda E. and BRADY, John B., Department of Geology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, [email protected] According to the Bedrock Geologic Map of Massachusetts (Zen et al., 1984), Proterozoic Z mafic plutonic rocks form the bedrock throughout Salem Neck in Salem, MA. A particularly good outcropping of these rocks, formerly grouped as the Salem Gabbro-Diorite, occurs along the shore of Cat Cove at a spot reported to be the type locality of "essexite" (Sears, 1891). The gabbro-diorite here is variable, but Washington (1899) described an augite-hornblende-biotite monzonite containing nepheline and microperthite. Nepheline syenite dikes intrude the mafic rocks at Cat Cove and are believed to be part of the late Ordovician Cape Ann Plutonic Series (CAPS) (Hon et al., 1993). A small bay separates this locality from the main body of the Beverly syenite facies of the CAPS. The syenite dikes vary in grain size and are pegmatitic in places. Interestingly, these dikes are themselves intruded by basalt, apparently while they were still liquid, forming pillows and mixing with the syenite. Radiometric ages obtained recently for other mafic rocks shown as Proterozoic Z on the Massachusetts map range from Ordovician to Devonian (Hepburn et al., 1998) suggesting the possibility that the Salem rocks may also be younger and part of the CAPS event. The syenitic character of the "essexite" is consistent with this possibility. Whole-rock geochemical data are being collected to explore the possible origins of these rocks as well as to document the character of the magma mixing in the syenite dikes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nakhlite Meteorites: Augite-Rich Igneous Rocks from Mars ARTICLE
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Chemie der Erde 65 (2005) 203–270 www.elsevier.de/chemer INVITED REVIEW The nakhlite meteorites: Augite-rich igneous rocks from Mars Allan H. Treiman Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058-1113, USA Received 22 October 2004; accepted 18 January 2005 Abstract The seven nakhlite meteorites are augite-rich igneous rocks that formed in flows or shallow intrusions of basaltic magma on Mars. They consist of euhedral to subhedral crystals of augite and olivine (to 1 cm long) in fine-grained mesostases. The augite crystals have homogeneous cores of Mg0 ¼ 63% and rims that are normally zoned to iron enrichment. The core–rim zoning is cut by iron-enriched zones along fractures and is replaced locally by ferroan low-Ca pyroxene. The core compositions of the olivines vary inversely with the steepness of their rim zoning – sharp rim zoning goes with the most magnesian cores (Mg0 ¼ 42%), homogeneous olivines are the most ferroan. The olivine and augite crystals contain multiphase inclusions representing trapped magma. Among the olivine and augite crystals is mesostasis, composed principally of plagioclase and/or glass, with euhedra of titanomagnetite and many minor minerals. Olivine and mesostasis glass are partially replaced by veinlets and patches of iddingsite, a mixture of smectite clays, iron oxy-hydroxides and carbonate minerals. In the mesostasis are rare patches of a salt alteration assemblage: halite, siderite, and anhydrite/ gypsum. The nakhlites are little shocked, but have been affected chemically and biologically by their residence on Earth. Differences among the chemical compositions of the nakhlites can be ascribed mostly to different proportions of augite, olivine, and mesostasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrography and Engineering Properties of Igneous Rocks
    ENGINEERil~G MONOGRAPHS No. I United States Department of the Interior BUREAU OF RECLAMATION PETROGRAPIIY AND ENGINEERING· PROPER11ES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS hy Rit~bard C. 1\lielenz Denver, Colorado October 1948 95 cents (R.evised September 1961) United States Department of the Interior STEWART L. UDALL, Secretacy Bureau of Reclamation FLOYD E. DOMINY, Commissioner G~T BLOODGOOD, Assistant Commissioner and Chief Engineer Engineering Monograph No. 1 PETROGRAPHY AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIRES ·OF IGNEOUS RO<;:KS by Richard C. Mielenz Revised 1959. by William Y. Holland Head. Petrographic Laboratory Section Chemical Engineering Laboratory Branch Commissioner's Office. Denver Technical Infortnation Branch Denver Federal Center Denver, Colorado ENGINEERING MONOGRAPHS are published in limited editions for the technical staff of the Bureau of Reclamation and interested technical circles in Government and private agencies. Their purpose is to record devel­ opments, innovations, .and progress in the engineering and scientific techniques and practices that are employed in the planning, design, construction, and operation of Rec­ lamation structures and equipment. Copies 'may be obtained from the Bureau of Recla- · mation, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colon.do, and Washington, D. C. Excavation and concreting of altered zones in rhyolite dike in the spillway foundation. Davis Damsite. Arizona-Nevada. Fl'ontispiece CONTENTS Page Introduction . 1 General Basis of Classification of Rocks . 1 Relation of the Petrographic Character to the Engineering Properties of Rocks . 3 Engineering J?roperties of Igneous Rocks ................................ :. 4 Plutonic Rocks . 4 Hypabyssal Rocks . 6 Volcanic Rocks..... 7 Application of Petrography to Engineering Problems of the Bureau of Reclamation . 8 A Mineralogic and Textural Classification of Igneous Rocks .
    [Show full text]
  • Zoned Pyroxenes and Amphiboles from Camptonites Near Gran, Oslo Region, Norway
    MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER I980 , VOL. 43, PP- 913-I7 Zoned pyroxenes and amphiboles from camptonites near Gran, Oslo region, Norway PETER W. SCOTT Department of Geology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX SYNOPSIS CAMPTONITE sills of Permian age, intruded into range from titanian pargasite and titanian ferroan Cambrosilurian sediments, are present in the pargasite to titanian ferro-pargasite. These compo- northern part of the Oslo region, immediately to sitions are similar to kaersutites crystallizing from the north of Gran, Hadeland. They have been other camptonites and as inclusions, or as mega- considered, along with associated dykes of camp- crysts and phenocrysts in alkali basalts and deriva- tonite and other minor intrusions of maenaite, to tive rocks. A simple concentric zoning with more Fe be related to the predominantly gabbroic rocks and less Mg in the outer zones occurs; but, an comprising the Oslo-essexite plugs (Br6gger, oscillatory zoning pattern, with an intermediate I894). Porphyritic varieties of carni)tbriite are the lighter brown zone (containing more Mg and less most common, containing phenocrysts of concen- Fe) between two concentric darker zones, is more trically zoned clinopyroxene and concentrically common. Other elements do not show consistent zoned brown amphibole; but, aphyric varieties variations between zones, but Ti generally increases with abundant brown amphibole also occur. A with increase in A1iv. second amphibole (actinolite) forms thin, patchy, It is postulated that the earliest pyroxene zones green overgrowths to some phenocryst or matrix crystallized from an alkali basalt magma at ap- brown amphiboles. proximately 2o km depth. Crystallization of the The pyroxenes range in composition from diop- remainder of the pyroxene phenocrysts and the side to sahlite.
    [Show full text]
  • Komatiites of the Weltevreden Formation, Barberton Greenstone
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Komatiites of the Weltevreden Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: implications for the chemistry and temperature of the Archean mantle Keena Kareem Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Kareem, Keena, "Komatiites of the Weltevreden Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: implications for the chemistry and temperature of the Archean mantle" (2005). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3249. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3249 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. KOMATIITES OF THE WELTEVREDEN FORMATION, BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT, SOUTH AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CHEMISTRY AND TEMPERATURE OF THE ARCHEAN MANTLE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Keena Kareem B.S., Tulane University, 1999 May 2005 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank, Dr. Gary Byerly, the author’s major advisor for guidance and support in defining the project, technical assistance with instrumentation, and practical advice concerning non-dissertation related issues. Appreciation goes out to the other members of the advisory committee: Drs. Huiming Bao, Lui-Heung Chan, Ray Ferrell, Darrell Henry, of the Department of Geology and Geophysics, and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • General Geological Setting and the Structural Features of the Guleman Peridotite Unit and the Chromite Deposits (Elaziğ, Eastern Turkey)
    GENERAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE GULEMAN PERIDOTITE UNIT AND THE CHROMITE DEPOSITS (ELAZIĞ, EASTERN TURKEY) Tandoğan ENGİN*; Mehmet BALCI*; Yücel SÜMER* and Yusuf Z. ÖZKAN* ABSTRACT. — The Guleman peridotite unit covering an area of about 200 km2 is made up of tectonite and cumulate rock groups. Tectonite forms 65 %, the remainder being cumulates. Cumulates broadly encircle and rest on tectonites. Both groups of rocks include chromite deposits but those found in tectonites are far more important than the others. The mineralogy and petrology of the peridotites is briefly described. A thick dunite unit in the Kef area is defined as a transition zone between cumulate and tectonite on the basis of field relations and textural features they ex- hibit. Batı Kef which is one of the major chromite deposit in the area is situated at the base of this thick dunite unit. Numbers of major chromite deposits are located in harzburgite with a thin dunite envelope around them. Chromite de- posits in Guleman are classified as alpine or podiform type but they demonstrate extensive continuation along their strike as well as dip directions. The peridotile unit dealt with here presents rather orderly internal structural patterns. Layering and foliation in the peridotite are invariably found parallel to each other. Chromite bodies which have primary contact relations with the host peridotite are also parallel to the layering and foliation, thus the chromite bodies themselves form an important element in the internal structure of the peridotite. Chromite deposits have been divided into groups on the basis of the local lithological and structural characters of the host peridotite and the characteristic features of the chromite deposits themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
    Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 150(1), 2016 15 Fe-Ti-V-(P) RESOURCES IN THE UPPER ZONE OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA by L.A. Fischer and Q. Yuan (with four text-figures and two plates) Fischer, L.A. & Yuan, Q. 2016 (31:viii): Fe-Ti-V-(P) resources in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 150(1): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.150.1.15 ISSN 0080-4703. Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (LAF*); Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China, and Department of Geology, University of Liege, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium (QY). *Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected] The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the largest layered intrusion on Earth. Its upper part is known for huge resources of iron, tita- nium, vanadium and phosphorus. Associated with the layered character of the rocks, these resources are enriched at certain levels of the intrusion, which makes it important to understand the formation processes of those layers. In this paper we give an introduction and overview of recent debates and challenges. Key Words: layered intrusion, Bushveld, resources. INTRODUCTION Fe, Ti, V and P never or only rarely occur as native elements in nature. Minerals, rich in one or more of these Iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) are important elements are mined and their components are extracted.
    [Show full text]
  • Hecla-Kilmer Alkalic Complex
    THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”).
    [Show full text]
  • Alkaline Rock Complexes in the Wet Mountains Area, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado
    Alkaline Rock Complexes in the Wet Mountains Area, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1269 Alkaline Rock Complexes in the Wet Mountains Area, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado By THEODORE J. ARMBRUSTMACHER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1269 Geology and petrology of rocks of the McClure Mountain Complex, Gem Park Complex, and complex at Democrat Creek and associated alkaline rocks UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1984 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Armbrustmacher, Theodore J., 1946- Alkaline Rock complexes in the Wet Mountains area, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1269) Bibliography: 33 p. Supt. of Docs. No.: 119.16:1269 1. Alkalic igneous rocks. 2. Petrology Colorado Wet Mountains. I. Title. II. Series. QE462.A4A76 552'.3 82-600104 AACR2 CONTENTS Abstract ............................. 1 Ages of the complexes ..................... 14 Introduction ........................... 1 Geochemistry ........................... 15 Acknowledgments ........................ 1 Major elements ....................... 15 Geologic setting ......................... 2 Mafic-ultramafic rocks ................. 15 McClure Mountain Complex .................. 2 Leucocratic rocks ................... 16 Mafic-ultramafic rocks ................... 2 Mafic nepheline-clinopyroxene rocks ......... 19 Layered series ....................
    [Show full text]