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The Little Known Olympic Sports

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The Little Known Olympic Sports DOCUMENT RESUME ED 079 300 3P 0Q6 719 AUTE07; Jessup, :Iarvey A., Ed. TITLE Th-: Little Known Olympic Sports. INSTIaUlION American Association for nealth, Physical i.uucation, and Pecreati on, Washington,, PUB DT,TS 72 NJTE. AVAILABLE American Association for health, Physical F,ducation, and Recreation, 1201 16th St., N. W., Wa! ,gton, D. C. 20036 (S2.95) 11F-$0.65 NC Not i=vaiianie from EDRS. DESCRIPTOR;) Athletes; *Athletic Activities; Athletic Programs; *Atnletics; *Physical Education; Recreational Activities IDEN7qI7IFBS *Olympic Carnes; SL.orts ABSTPLeT This document is a collection or articles on Dlympic events, ;-)articularly those that are not as well publicized as some others. Each article was written by an acknowledged expert in the particular field. The introductory article, "The Olympic Story," covers the history of Olympic Games Iroin their origa,n in Greece to the present, The remaining articles on the little known Olympic events are on archery, fencing, judo, shooting, cycling, canoeing, equestrian sports, yachting, team handball, water polo, pentathlon, biathlon, bobsledding, and iuge. Each article contains some historical description, description of rules and equipment specifications, and a run-uocsn of current practicesano events. (JA) THE LITTLE KNOWN OLYMPIC SPORTS F U S DEPORTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION I. WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION FEE'.wE.Pe) E 140., FL F :Al GE. , 1 OW, N E F 1. ^57 (,) NC' .4F , u4 v M `,7( (NAr. 'F E 11..Pl S., Edited by Harvey M. Jessup for the AAHPER Division of Men's Athletics AMERCAN ASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION A National Affiliate of the National Education Assc lawn 1201 16th Street, N.W, Washington. D C 20036.Telephone 833-5541 FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLECOPY t 4 .e a e, ...,4444so, 1972 American Association for Health, Physical Education andRecreation This series of articles originally appearedin the 1971-72 issues of the JOURNAL OF HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, RECREATION 5 The Olympic Story I Harvey M. Jessup rin 12Archery / Lura R Wilson 16 Fencing / Hugo Castello 20 Judo / Nobuo Hayashi 25Shooting I Edward B Crossman 31 Cycling / Martha Jack 36Canoeing / Sperry Rademaker and Jerry L Welbou,r 40Equestrian Sports / Leicester J. Sweeley Jr CONTENTS 44 Yachting / Paul H Smart 49 Team Handball i Harvey M Jessup and Sara D Davis 52Water Polo / Robert H Helmick 59Pentathlon i William Clayton Rose 63Biathlon / George Wilson 66 Bobsledding I Margaret Lamy 70 Luge / Harvey M Jessup and Sara D. Davis Is archery an Olympic sport? How many walls are used in team handball? What is a kayak? How many Olympic sports are there? How many classes of sail boatsare there in Olympic yachting? How do you hold a luge? Such questions seem ridiculous to some but they are asked by people not well informedabout Olympic sports The American publicis quite familiar with some Olympic sportsbasketball.track and field, swimming, and other so- calledmajor sportsknown because oftheir popularity in interscholastic and intercollegi- ate competitions and Amateur Athle'ic Unionactivities Because these sports are so much a Dart of our culture. the United States entriesin these fields have been rather successful in the Olympic Games over the past decades A few sportshowe"er. which nave gained little popularity in the United Statesare considered major in other countries, such as field hockey in Pakistan, soccer in LatinAmerica and Europe. fencing in Hungary, and gymnastics in Russia and JapanIf we believe in the inherent value of allsports and the concept ofa sport for everyone:' we should broadenthe base of our physical education offerings and the opportunities for participationin various sports through our club sports programs and our interscholastic and intercollegiatecompetitions. if the base of sports in- struction is expanded and the qualityof instruction is enhanced. the nation asa whole will benefit Even if Americans do not chooseto partir-ipate on a broader base, at least the public should be getter informed about the nature of the activities in whichmany young men and women are representing our country. Tthat end. the Division of Men's Athletics has long recognized the need to assist thedevelopment cf "lesser known" or "underdevel- oped" sports through our physical educationand recreational programs In May 1966 AAHPER assumed the responsibility for planning andadministering. with appropriate involvement of representatives of the U S Olympic Committee and other national sports organizations.a National Conference on Olympic Development Heldat the NEA Center, the conference in- cluded over 160 representatives from all nationalsports organizations involved in the admin- istration of Olympic sports. One of the significantoutcomes of the meeting was a clearer understanding and acceptance of what constitutesa long-range sports development pro- gram It was agreed that there wasa great need in the United States to providemore boys and girls as veil as men andwomen with more information about, arid greater opportunities to learn, basic sports skills under competentphysical education teachers and sports leaders The Division of Men's Athletics and the Divisionfor Girls and Women's Sports formeda joint committee with representatives of the U.SOlympic Committee to explore theappro- priate role that our Association couldassume in this sports development effort, Plans were made to implement recommendations made bythe National Conference on Olympic Develop- ment by assisting a number of the Olympicsports governing bodies with the development of various publications, articles inprofessional journals. films. conventionprogram demon- strationsand clinicsSome excellent cooperative relationshipsand effective programs have resulted One important project was the publicationof the articles contained in this text in the Journal of Health Physical Eclocation.RecreationIn order to provide greatest authority each sports governing bodywas asked to choose one of the most knowledgeable persons in its field to prepare such an article On behalf of the Association the editor would like to express sinc,,re thanks to thosecontributing authors who gave of then time and effort to make this publication possible Deeppersonal gratitude is also extended to Sara D Davis for her most meaningful literary andeditorial assistance Harvey M. Jessup Editor HARVEY IV JESSUP is chairman of th,.: nhsicat Edu.7.,3, on Erxartryps,-,! at Tulane Untvers'tyHe has served as ,;,ce-Pres,dent o' the Apicr,c-q, Assocratich 'or Health. Prws)cal Efh,caIcr and 'Recri-at c;,. Js Chair- mon of thr. 44Hr-cH Div,3,on of 1Veh s Ath'erict- Jess4) chartnan of the Join' renc,oct Otyrnoic, Devplopment COMMttee ;hid') S in the prod.,,~ of cowiiictii,q cook`, and ,.Arcr,4,_licr c as a ")ears o' tworad- mg our iJfort,, feromg THE OLYMPIC STORY The Olympic motto. Citrus-ANus-Fortrus, which appears servicesto be more exact. memorial services Itis under the rings on the Olympic flag, was conceived in thought that originally the ceremonies were a tribal cus- 1895 by Father Didon, headmaster of Arcueil College near tom to honor those who had died vAthin a previous given R..ris. FranceIt is said he first used this expression while period of time. delivering a speech glorifying the athletic achievements The ancient Greeks believed that when a person died of his pupils The words technically mean -faster, higher the spirit remained in the community where he had lived braver . but the modern version, which seems to have They believed that these spirits were constantly watching been universally acceptedisswifter. higher, stronger.' the tribal activities of the community and since sur,./ing tIlustiativeof the athlete s effortstorun faster, jump relatives and friends were anxious to please the spirit of higher and throw or hit more strongly each of the departed records were kept as to what had The five rings which form the Olympic symbol originally been the greatest love of the spirit when the spirit had represented thefivemajor continentsEuropeAsia. belonged to the living body. Accordingly when it came AfricaAustralia. and North America. the colors blue. time for these religious ceremonies to be planned efforts yellowblack. green. and red were chosen because at were made to include 'hose kinds of activities which would least one of them appears in the flag of every nation of be most pleasing to the departed spiritsThese activities the worldThe rings are linked to illustrate the comrade- included oratory. art. music, and poetry as well as athletic ship and strength of unity that comes through sports 'om cortestsEach tribe strove to make its proorams of the petitions among peoples of the world highest calibre to pay homage to the gods. as wellas to Although the Olympic flag which first appeared at the the spirits of the dead who would be gratified by such Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 and the slogan coined spectacles as had delighted them during their earthly life in 1895 are those of the modern Olympics. both would In those early years. and for many centuries to come. have been applicable to the underlying philosophy of the Greece was known as Hellas.It was a disunited country early Olympic Games with constant tribal warfare pi eventing any type of unifica- tionEach tribe or city had its own king and each clung tenaciously to its own sovereigntyThere is some dispute among historians as to whether or not the combining of these early games or festivals was contrived in an attempt While the exact origin of the Games is unknown. history to enite the, cities
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