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A Review and Key to the Apogonid Fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with Description of Two New

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A Review and Key to the Apogonid Fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with Description of Two New AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jonathan K.L. Mee for the degree of Master of Science in Fisheries Science presented on 25 March 1996. Title: A Review and Key to the Apogonid Fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with Description of Two New Species. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Douglas F. Markle Abstract. Field collections in the Southern Gulf of Oman and the Northwestern Arabian Sea, and examination of museum collections from this study area, yielded 7 genera and 33 species of apogonid fishes. Twenty one species of Apogon, one Archamia, four Cheilodipterus, three Fowleria, one Rhabdamia, two Siphamia, and one Holapogon are reviewed and illustrated. The Dhofar Cardinalfish, Apogon dhofar, nov. sp. is described from 21 specimens collected in the Arabian Sea, off southern Oman. It differs from the very similar A. pseudotaeniatus Gon, 1986 in its higher gill-raker count (12-17 developed rakers vs. 9- 11) and coloration. Apogon dhofar has narrower dark vertical bars (one scale row or less wide vs. two or more for A. pseudotaeniatus) which are often indistinct or absent in life and tend to fade with size; and a caudal spot which is much smaller (2-3% SL vs. 4-6% SL for pseudotaeniatus) and often absent in life. Both A. dhofar and A. pseudotaeniatus have small dark chromatophores covering their bodies, but A. dhofar differs in having these chromatophores concentrated under the posterior edge of each scale producing a reticulate pattern on the body. The Cryptic Cardinalfish, Apogon species C., is described from 19 specimens collected in the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Gulf It differs from the similar A. taeniatus Ehrenberg, 1828 in its lower gill-raker count (8 developed rakers vs. 10-15) and horizontal stripes (7-8 dark stripes vs. 5-6 indistinct stripes). Apogon species C. also has 3-4 short brown stripes radiating away from the eye whereas A. taeniatus occasionally has one narrow dark stripe. Apogon species C. lacks any caudal spot which is usually present in A. taeniatus. Apogon thurstoni Day, 1888 is shown to be a junior synonym of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier, 1828, and Apogon smithvanizi Allen and Randall, 1994 is shown to be a junior synonym of Apogon gularis Fraser and Lachner, 1986. Apogon pharaonis Bellotti, 1874, formerly considered a junior synonym of Apogon nigripinnis Cuvier, 1828, is shown to be a valid species occurring in the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean, and the range of A. nigripinnis is redefined as eastern Indian to western Pacific. Apogon suezi Sauvage, 1883 is shown to be a junior synonym of A. pharaonis. A review is presented of the systematic literature of the apogonid fishes from the study area, and a key to genera and species is provided. Included in the key are 33 apogonid species known from the area and an additional 7 species (and one genus) not yet recorded but likely to occur. ©Copyright by Jonathan K.L. Mee 25 March 1996 All Rights Reserved A Review and Key to the Apogonid Fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with Description of Two New Species by Jonathan K.L. Mee A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented 25 March 1996 Commencement June 1997 Master of Science thesis of Jonathan K.L. Mee presented on 25 March 1996 APPROVED: Redacted for Privacy Major Pro essor, representing Fisheries Science Redacted for Privacy Chair of Department of Fi ries and Wildlife Redacted for Privacy Dean of Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Redacted for Privacy Jonathan K.L. Mee, Author TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 Apogon dhofar, a new cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) 3 from the northwestern Indian Ocean Abstract 4 Introduction 4 Materials and Methods 5 Description 6 Diagnosis 9 Comparisions 9 Distribution 11 Etymology 12 Discussion 12 Material Examined 13 Comparative Material 14 Acknowledgments 15 A review and key to the apogonid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) 16 of the northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of Oman, with description of a new species of Apogon Abstract 17 Introduction 18 Materials and Methods 22 Key to Genera and Species 23 Genus and Species Accounts 29 Genus Apogon 29 Genus Archamia 106 Genus Cheilodipterus 109 Genus Fowleria 123 Genus Holapogon 130 Genus Rhabdamia 133 Genus Siphamia 136 Acknowledgments 142 SUMMARY 143 BIBLIOGRAPHY 146 PLATES 159 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1. Proportional measurements (in % SL) and selected counts of the type specimens of Apogon dhofar and A. pseudotaeniatus, (No caudal spot is visable on the holotype and the four largest paratypes) 7 2.2 Gill-raker counts of holotype and 20 paratypes of Apogon dhofar and A. pseudotaeniatus 7 3.1 Gill raker-counts of holotype and 18 paratypes of Apogon species C. and A. taeniatus 45 3.2 Proportional measurements (m % SL) and selected counts of the type specimens ofApogon species C. and comparative A. taeniatus (* = broken) 46 3.3 Comparison of selected characters for seven species ofApogon with a dark-ocellus and/or dark-bars under each dorsal-fm 48 LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 2.1. Photograph of paratype ofApogon dhofar, 53.9 mm SL, BPBM 36328, Rahah Bay, Oman (photograph: John E. Randall) 159 2.2 Underwater photograph of Apogon dhofar, Sudah, Oman, depth 3 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 159 2.3 Photograph of holotype of Apogon dhofar, 79.5 mm SL, CAS 82327, Eagles Retreat near Mirbat, Oman; photographed from right side because of missing scales on left side (photograph: John E. Randall) 159 2.4 Underwater photograph of adult Apogon pseudotaeniatus, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (photograph: John E. Randall) 159 2.5 Underwater photograph of what is possibly a juvenile Apogon dhofar, about 35 mm SL, Masirah Island, Oman (photograph: John E. Randall) 159 2.6 Underwater photograph of what is possibly a juvenile A. dhofar from the Gulf of Oman, about 25 mm SL, Fahal Island near Muscat, depth 15 m, 4 February 1990 (photograph: Bob Bedford) 159 3.1 Underwater photograph of adult Apogon aureus, Haramel, Oman, depth 4 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 160 3.2 Photograph of adult Apogon coccineus, 37.0 mm SL, Jana Island, Arabian Gulf, depth 16 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 160 3.3 Underwater photograph of adult Apogon cookii, about 60 mm SL, Kalbuh, Oman, depth 1 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L.Mee) 160 3.4 Photograph of paratype of Apogon species C., 63.2 mm SL, BPBM 21225, Bahrain, Arabian Gulf, depth 2-3 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 160 3.5 Underwater photograph ofApogon cyanosoma, about 50 mm SL, Kalbuh, Oman, depth 4 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 160 3.6 Underwater photograph ofApogon dhofar, about 55 mm SL, Arabian Sea, Sudah Harbor, Oman, depth 2 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 160 3.7 Photograph of Apogon ellioti, 85.0 mm SL. Kuwait, Arabian Gulf, trawl (photograph: John E. Randall) 161 LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate Page 3.8 Underwater photograph of Apogon evermanni, about 45 mm SL, Maldives, depth 10 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 161 3.9 Underwater photograph of Apogon fasciatus, about 85 mm SL, Flores, Indonesia (photograph: John E. Randall) 161 3.10 Photograph of an undescribed Apogon species, 54.0 nun SL, Arabian Sea near southern entrance to Gulf of Oman, trawled from 60 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 161 3.11 Underwater photograph of Apogon fleurieu group, Pillar Rock, Muscat, depth 20 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 161 3.12 Underwater photograph of mixed school of Apogon aureus and Apogon fleurieu, Al Inshirah wreck, Muscat, Oman, depth 6 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 161 3.13 Underwater photograph of Apogon fraenatus, about 75 mm SL, Straits of Hormuz, Oman, 4 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 162 3.14 Photograph of Apogon gularis, 49.4 mm SL, Bahrain, Arabian Gulf, trawled in 30-35 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 162 3.15 Photograph of Apogon holotaenia, 30.0 min SL, Qurm Point, Oman, depth 4 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 162 3.16 Photograph of Apogon natalensis, 125.7 mm SL, Eagles Retreat, South Oman, depth 1.5 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 162 3.17 Photograph of Apogon nigripes, 43.0 mm SL, Ras Iwetine, Kenya (photograph: John E. Randall) 162 3.18 Photograph of paratype of Apogon omanensis, about 62 mm SL, Masirah Island, Arabian Sea, Oman, depth 1.5 m (photograph: John E.Randall) 162 3.19 Underwater photograph of Apogon pharaonis, about 50 mm SL, Qurm Point, Oman, depth 3 m (photograph: John P. Hoover) 163 3.20 Aquarium photograph of Apogon semiornatus, about 35 mm SL, collected near Muscat, Oman (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 163 3.21 Line drawing of Apogon spilurus from original description, Regan, 1905 163 LIST OF PLATES (Continued) Plate Page 3.22 Underwater photograph ofApogon taeniatus, about 60 mm SL, Kenya (photograph: John E. Randall) 163 3.23 Photograph ofApogon timorensis, 42.0 mm SL, Eagles Retreat, South Oman, depth 6-8 m (photograph: John E. Randall) 163 3.24 Underwater photograph ofArchamia fueata, about 50 mm SL, Kalbuh, Oman, depth 3 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 163 3.25 Underwater photograph of Cheilodipterus macrodon, about 120 mm SL, Kalbuh, Oman, depth 6 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L. Mee) 164 3.26 Underwater photograph of Cheilodipterus novemstriatus, about 40 mm SL, Al Bustan, Oman, depth 3 m (photograph: Jonathan K.L.
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