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HDM Chapter 2 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Chapter 2 Design Criteria Revision 96 (Limited Revision) April 15, 2021 Issued by Engineering Bulletin 21-020 Effective with Design Approval on or after September 1, 2021 DESIGN CRITERIA 2-2 Section Changes §2.2.7 Culvert New subsection of 2.2 Project Types that describes “Culvert Rehabilitation” Replacement and “New and Replacement Culvert” projects §2.2.8.1 Safety Project type description revised to more clearly define safety projects. Projects (formerly §2.2.7.1 Safety Projects) §2.3.5 Guidelines for Updated broken links to guidelines on US Access Board website. For Pedestrian Facilities in consistency with existing text in §2.6.11, text was modified slightly to state the Public Right-of-Way that “PROWAG… establishes is the basis of the Department’s standards for (PROWAG) accessible pedestrian facilities within highway rights of way.” Exhibit 2-1a Flowchart exhibit replaced with table and title revised to “Shoulder Width Considerations for Bicycles” §2.6.2.1 Section renamed “Lane and Shoulder Width Considerations for Bicycles”. Text revised to provide improved guidance for bicycling considerations for the new context classes that were incorporated into Revision 92. Exhibit 2-1b 8% added as an allowable superelevation table for “Urban Interstates, Other Superelevation Rate Freeways, Expressways and Parkways with LOS E or F at ETC” and “Suburban Arterials and Collectors”. Note 1 added to table to clarify use of either the 6% superelevation or 8% superelevation. §2.6.4 Horizontal Curve Text revised to clarify how horizontal curve radii are measured. Radius Exhibits 2-3, 2-3a, 2-4, Exhibit notes revised to refer to Section 2.6.2.1, providing improved guidance 2-4a, 2-5, 2-5a, 2-6, 2- for bicycling considerations for the new context classes that were 6a, 2-7, 2-7a, 2-8, 2-8a incorporated into Revision 92. Exhibit 2-6a Typo corrected: Minimum Radius Curve (ft) emax = 4% in lower right heading changed to emax = 6% Exhibit 2-7a Typo corrected in Note 8: “Shoulders may be 4 ft. where speeds are < 40 mph.” §2.7.5.4 Speed Change Text added to allow 15% reduction in acceleration lane length, in certain Lanes conditions, based on recommendations in NCHRP 730 Design Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals Exhibit 2-9 (Traveled Table revised to reflect errata changes to 7th Edition of AASHTO’s A Policy Way Widths for Ramps on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2018. and Turning Roadways) §2.7.5.6 Collector- Text revised to clarify design criteria and design speeds for collector- Distributor Roads distributor roads in relation to the adjacent mainline road. Exhibit 2-15 The forms available on the HDM Chapter 2 webpage have been revised to Nonstandard Feature include additional information in the instructions about design speed and Justification recommended speed. The .pdf version of the form that is available on the HDM Chapter 2 webpage has been revised to add "Left" and "Right" shoulder options and "Other" selections under "1. Type of Feature". §2.9 References Added NCHRP 730 Design Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals EB 21-020 D.A. 09/01/2021 DESIGN CRITERIA 2-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 PROJECT TYPES ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Pavement Preventive and Corrective Maintenance .............................................................................. 7 2.2.2 3R - Resurfacing, Restoration and Rehabilitation ................................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Reconstruction and New Construction .................................................................................................. 7 2.2.4 Minor Intersection Reconstruction ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.5 Major Intersection Reconstruction ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 Bridge Projects ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.7 Culvert Replacement ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.8 Additional Information .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 DESIGN CRITERIA SOURCES .................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets ....................................................................... 10 2.3.2 A Policy on Design Standards, Interstate System ................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 NYSDOT Bridge Manual ........................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.4 NYSDOT Guidelines for the Adirondack Park ....................................................................................... 10 2.3.5 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way (PROWAG) ........................................ 11 2.3.6 Urban Street Design Guide.................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.7 National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) ............................................................... 11 2.4 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHWAYS AND CONTEXT CLASSES ........................................ 12 2.4.1 Functional Classification of Highways ................................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 Context Classes ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.5 PROJECT DATA ........................................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.1 Traffic ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.2 Terrain .................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.5.3 Special Routes ....................................................................................................................................... 23 2.6 CRITICAL DESIGN ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 26 2.6.1 Design Speed ........................................................................................................................................ 26 2.6.2 Lane Width ............................................................................................................................................. 27 2.6.3 Shoulder Width ...................................................................................................................................... 30 2.6.4 Horizontal Curve Radius ........................................................................................................................ 30 2.6.5 Superelevation ....................................................................................................................................... 31 2.6.6 Stopping Sight Distance (Horizontal and Vertical) ................................................................................ 32 2.6.7 Maximum Grade .................................................................................................................................... 32 2.6.8 Cross Slope ........................................................................................................................................... 32 2.6.9 Vertical Clearance ................................................................................................................................. 33 2.6.10 Design Loading Structural Capacity ...................................................................................................... 33 2.6.11 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance ............................................................................... 33 2.7 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 34 2.7.1 Interstates and Other Freeways ............................................................................................................ 34 2.7.2 Arterials .................................................................................................................................................. 38 2.7.3 Collector Roads and Streets .................................................................................................................. 50 2.7.4 Local Roads and Streets ....................................................................................................................... 62 2.7.5 Other Roadways ...................................................................................................................................
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