Histórias E Memórias Da Segunda Guerra Mundial E Do Pós-Guerra No Leste Europeu a Partir Do Heavy Metal: Análise Da Obra Da Banda Sabaton

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Histórias E Memórias Da Segunda Guerra Mundial E Do Pós-Guerra No Leste Europeu a Partir Do Heavy Metal: Análise Da Obra Da Banda Sabaton ICLES RODRIGUES HISTÓRIAS E MEMÓRIAS DA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL E DO PÓS-GUERRA NO LESTE EUROPEU A PARTIR DO HEAVY METAL: ANÁLISE DA OBRA DA BANDA SABATON Dissertação apresentada como requisito à obtenção do título de Mestre em História, Linha de Pesquisa Sociedade, Política e Cultura no Mundo Contemporâneo pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Orientador: Prof°. Dr. Márcio Roberto Voigt. FLORIANÓPOLIS 2016 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. Rodrigues, Icles Histórias e memórias da Segunda Guerra Mundial e do pós guerra no leste europeu a partir do Heavy Metal : análise da obra da banda Sabaton / Icles Rodrigues ; orientador, Márcio Roberto Voigt - Florianópolis, SC, 2016. 276 p. - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Inclui referências 1. História. 2. Segunda Guerra Mundial. 3. Memória. 4. Heavy Metal. I. , Márcio Roberto Voigt. II. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. III. Título. Na lama e chuva Por que estamos lutando? Vale a pena? Vale a pena morrer por isso? Quem levará a culpa? Porque eles fazem guerra? Questões que surgem novamente Deveríamos estar lutando afinal? [...] Depois da guerra Fica a sensação de que ninguém venceu Depois da guerra O que um soldado se torna? Iron Maiden – The Aftermath Dedico este trabalho a aqueles que, ainda que admitam que certos conflitos sejam necessários, creem que a paz deve ser a linha de chegada de todos eles. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço imensamente a meus pais, Cidnei Furtado Rodrigues e Marlene V. A. Rodrigues pelo apoio irrestrito nos últimos sete anos, sem o qual não teria chegado até aqui. Agradeço também à dedicação impressionante de meu orientador, Prof. Márcio Roberto Voigt, cuja revisão minuciosa dos meus trabalhos foi absolutamente fundamental para que erros significativos não fossem cometidos. Aqueles que os leitores encontrarem, lhes garanto, serão de minha inteira responsabilidade. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, que sempre me recebeu com muita presteza diante das dúvidas e problemas, e ao CNPq, cujo fomento está diretamente relacionado com os eventuais méritos desse trabalho. Uma lista sem fim de amigos poderia estar aqui listada nos agradecimentos, pelos mais diversos motivos, desde ajudas específicas quanto pelo incentivo que muitas vezes me serviu de força motriz. Diante de tantos nomes, tenho receio de ser injusto, mas alguns precisam ser citados: Mariane Pisani, uma grande amizade, presente nos momentos bons e ruins; Allan Dannenhauer, parceiro de banda e co- compositor de músicas das quais me orgulho; Luiz Alexandre, administrador da página Sabaton – Brasil , pelo incentivo e disponibilidade constante; Jaqueline Miranda, uma daquelas pessoas que marcam sua vida; Luíza Carolina, uma das pessoas mais otimistas que já conheci, que sempre me diz que tudo dará certo; Luiz Fernando Toledo, que sempre demonstrou genuíno interesse em minha produção acadêmica; Rodrigo Prates de Andrade, Vinicius “Tio Chico” Fedel, Juan Filipi Garces e Franco Alves, amigos que me acompanharam nas poucas viagens acadêmicas realizadas durante o mestrado; Anelise Soares, Aline Gobbi, Tiago Catecati e Luís Bastos, meus parceiros de gordice e experimentos culinários; Lucas Machado de Oliveira, que me ajudou mais do que ele imagina com traduções; ao Prof. Dr. Sidnei Munhoz, que me forneceu uma ajuda bibliográfica inestimável; André Luiz de Paiva, que em pouquíssimas conversas me passou dicas valiosíssimas; Angelo Aguiar, pelas discussões acadêmicas sempre muito produtivas. Muitos nomes ficaram de fora, como era de se esperar de um agradecimento como esse. De qualquer forma, eles sabem quem são. Florianópolis, 16 de janeiro de 2015. RESUMO O presente trabalho pretende analisar as representações de eventos históricos ocorridos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, feitas pela banda sueca Sabaton através de suas músicas. Diante das constantes rememorações e ressignificações, além dos diversos casos onde a história e a memória dos eventos em questão são apropriadas com objetivos políticos, julgamos ser necessário entender como estes são representados, já que essas representações dialogam diretamente com a forma como os indivíduos e grupos pertencentes aos países ligados a estes eventos compreendem-nos. Tal estudo anseia compreender hegemonias, resistências, revisionismos, relativizações e apropriações da história e da memória, tendo como principal fonte a música. A escolha se justifica diante de seu poder de comunicação por conta de suas potencialidades discursivas líricas e estéticas implícitas, além de seu alcance tanto pela sua propagação facilitada pela Internet quanto pelo fato do Heavy Metal ser um dos poucos gêneros musicais de alcance mundial. Palavras-chave: Segunda Guerra Mundial, Memória, Heavy Metal ABSTRACT The present work wants to profoundly analyses the representation of historical events occurred during World War II done by the Swedish band Sabaton through their music. In face of constant recollections and resignifications, in additional to several cases where history and memory of the present events are appropriated with political goals, we judge to be necessary understand how these events are represented, as these representations directly dialogue with the way the individuals and groups from the countries linked to these events comprehend them. Such study looks to comprehend hegemonies, resistances, revisionisms, relativizations and appropriations of history and memory, having music as the main source. This choice justifies itself in face of its power of communication because of its implicit lyrical and aesthetic discursive potential, further its reach both by its spread facilitated by the Internet and by the fact of Heavy Metal being one of the few musical genres with global reach. Keywords: World War II, Memory, Heavy Metal LISTA DE IMAGENS 1 – Mapa da Batalha de Stalingrado, em meados de novembro........p.131 2 – Mapa da Batalha de Berlim, abril de 1945................................. p.143 3 – Mapa da Batalha de Kursk em 4 de julho de 1943......................p.155 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO....................................................................................17 TEORIA E METODOLOGIA............................................................29 1.1 Analise musical contextual..............................................................29 1.2 O Heavy Metal como elemento estético..........................................37 1.3 O Heavy Metal como objeto de estudo............................................39 1.4 Por uma história do presente...........................................................47 1.5 Nações e nacionalismos: comunidades imaginadas?......................50 1.6 Vertentes da História Militar...........................................................60 HISTÓRIA, MEMÓRIA E IDENTIDADE NA POLÔNIA.............................................................................................65 2.1 O Sabaton .........................................................................................67 2.2 “Espírito dos Espartanos”: a Batalha de Wizna...............................73 2.3 “Varsóvia, lute!”: o levante de 44....................................................81 2.4 “Ases no exílio prevalecem”: os pilotos exilados na Batalha da Inglaterra................................................................................................93 2.5 Memórias de luta e abandono.........................................................100 A RETÓRICA NACIONALISTA DA GRANDE GUERRA PATRIÓTICA.....................................................................................115 3.1 A Pátria-mãe em perigo: retórica nacionalista e propaganda.........119 3.2 “O som dos morteiros, a música da morte”: a Batalha de Stalingrado...........................................................................................128 3.3 “Sirvam-me Berlim em uma bandeja”: a Batalha de Berlim.........142 3.4 “A fúria soviética desencadeada”: a Batalha de Kursk..................152 3.5 “Heroínas improváveis no céu”: as Bruxas da Noite.....................161 3.6 O mito da “Grande Guerra Patriótica”: unidade e identidade........179 A REABILITAÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA DE GUERRA ALEMÃ ATRAVÉS DA MÚSICA: UMA TAREFA POSSÍVEL?...............187 4.1 “Rápida como o vento”: a Divisão Fantasma de Erwin Rommel..189 4.2 “Homens executando ordens”: sadismo e violência nas hostes da Wehrmacht ............................................................................................202 4.3 “Honra no céu”: homenagem a Franz Stigler.................................212 4.4 “Que paz eles podem esperar?”: Walther Wenck e o 12° Exército221 4.5 Memórias de guerra no pós-guerra: o passado que não passa........233 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.............................................................247 GLOSSÁRIO HISTÓRICO..............................................................251 GLOSSÁRIO MUSICAL..................................................................255 APÊNDICE I.......................................................................................257 REFERÊNCIAS.................................................................................263 17 INTRODUÇÃO A Guerra é um fenômeno histórico que chama a atenção desde seus mais antigos registros escritos e iconográficos. Em nossa sociedade atual, dotada dos mais diferentes meios de produção audiovisual,
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