DOCSLIB.ORG

Life in a World Heritage City a Case Study of Discussions and Contested Values in Angra Do Heroísmo, the Azores

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Life in a World Heritage City a Case Study of Discussions and Contested Values in Angra Do Heroísmo, the Azores Linköping Studies in Arts and Science • No. 646 Life in a World Heritage City A case study of discussions and contested values in Angra do Heroísmo, the Azores Marit Johansson Department of Culture Studies Linköping University, Sweden Linköping 2015 Linköping studies in arts and science • No. 646 At the Faculty of Arts and Science at Linköping University, research and doctoral studies are carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in graduate schools. Jointly, they publish the series Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. This thesis comes from the Department of Culture Studies (Tema kultur och samhälle, Tema Q). At Tema Q, culture is studied as a dynamic field of practices, including agency as well as structure, and cultural products as well as the way they are produced, consumed, communicated and used. Tema Q is part of the larger Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture (ISAK). Life in a World Heritage City A case study of discussions and contested values in Angra do Heroísmo, the Azores Marit Johansson, 2015 Cover: The World Heritage Symbol in the cobblestones in Angra do Heroísmo, the Azores Layout: Per Lagman Photo: Marit Johansson Other photos in thesis: David Torell/Marit Johansson Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2015 ISBN 978-91-7519-057-0 ISSN 0282-9800 Contents CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... V FOREWORD ........................................................................................................ VI PART I INTRODUCING THE CASE, THE AIMS AND THE MEANS ............ 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research questions .............................................................................. 3 1.2 Structure of thesis .............................................................................. 10 2 Portugal, Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, UNESCO and World Heritage – how does it all come together? ...................................................................... 13 2.1 Portugal and the Azores – a general background............................. 14 2.2 Angra do Heroísmo – entering the World Heritage community ....... 25 2.3 The legal and administrative apparatus for the safeguarding of the Classified Zone of Angra do Heroísmo ................................................... 33 2.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 36 3 Heritage – the critical research discourse ................................................... 39 3.1 What is heritage? ............................................................................... 39 3.2 “The heritage boom” – what triggered the people’s interest for heritage? .................................................................................................. 44 3.3 Heritage, Identity and Politics .......................................................... 47 3.4 A heritage site – the notion of space and place ................................. 52 3.5 World Heritage – the becoming of an academic field ....................... 57 3.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 63 4 Methods ...................................................................................................... 65 4.1 The case and the ethnographical fieldwork ...................................... 66 4.2 Qualitative Interviews ....................................................................... 69 i Contents 4.3 Observation studies – getting close ................................................... 74 4.4 Other sources .................................................................................... 75 4.5 Handling the Data ............................................................................. 77 4.6 On self-reflexivity and ethics during the fieldwork in Angra do Heroísmo ................................................................................................. 80 4.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 83 PART II ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO – RETROSPEKTIVE ................................ 85 5 The Earthquake ........................................................................................... 85 5.1 The 1st of January – the Inhabitants’ Accounts ................................. 87 5.2 The effects on Angra do Heroísmo as a local community ................. 90 5.3 The Reconstruction of the City of Angra do Heroísmo ..................... 92 5.4 The Missing Memorials ..................................................................... 97 5.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 101 6 The Nomination Process – on the process of nominating Angra do Heroísmo to the World Heritage List .......................................................... 107 6.1 The “Key Person” and his Story ..................................................... 109 6.2 The Nomination and the Enlistment ................................................ 112 6.3 Early and present nominations ....................................................... 120 6.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 125 PART III RESIDING IN- AND MANAGING A WORLD HERITAGE CITY – LIVING IN, WITH AND BY HERITAGE ....................................................... 129 7 Sufficient preservation, good living conditions and flourishing commerce – how to balance it all? ................................................................................... 131 7.1 The “Gabinete” – the closure of the Conservation Office .............. 131 7.2 “The goal is… is for Angra do Heroísmo to be inhabited” ............ 138 7.3 “The second earthquake” – the Problem of the Termites ............... 145 7.4 Doing business in a World Heritage City – limits and possibilities 150 7.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 155 ii 8 When the Cobblestones Cause Debate ..................................................... 159 8.1 A petition trigged by an accident in the streets of Angra ................ 160 8.2 The stakeholders involved – interests, values and capitals ............. 167 8.3 “Inhabitants are the most important stakeholder” – a discussion . 171 8.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 174 9 Contemporary Development in a World Heritage City – possibilities and limitations .................................................................................................... 181 9.1 The marina ...................................................................................... 182 9.2 The New Public Library – “É horrível” ......................................... 193 9.3 The hotel .......................................................................................... 206 9.4 The cruise ship terminal .................................................................. 209 9.5 Concluding remarks ........................................................................ 213 10 World Heritage clearly attracts tourists or …? The State of Tourism and Mediation of the World Heritage Status in Angra do Heroísmo ................. 219 10.1 Tourism in the Azores and Angra do Heroísmo ............................ 221 10.2 Tourism – “What is the greatest reason for coming to Angra? Undoubtedly, it is because it is a World Heritage City” ...................... 223 10.3 World Heritage as a brand – the mediation of Angra do Heroísmo as a World Heritage Site ....................................................................... 229 10.4 So what is the state of tourism at this World Heritage Site? ........ 235 10.5 Discussion and conclusion – what can be drawn from the data from Angra do Heroísmo? ............................................................................. 237 PART IV RELATION TO A PLACE ................................................................ 243 11 World Heritage – on the subject of identity, attachment and pride ........ 243 11.1 The value of a World Heritage Classification – Pride, Esteem, Recognition ............................................................................................ 244 11.2 Angra do Heroísmo’s heritage – is it all about Colonial History and World Heritage? .................................................................................... 248 11.3 Senses of a place and belonging ................................................... 252 11.4 Heritage and identity– conclusion and discussion ........................ 257 iii Contents PART V CLOSING ............................................................................................ 261 12 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 261 12.1 Universal or particular? ............................................................... 262 12.2 The dissonance in heritage management ...................................... 266 12.3 Heritage politics in a World Heritage City ................................... 270 12.4 Life in a World Heritage City ........................................................ 273 PRIMARY SOURCES ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Modeling the Copacabana Sidewalk Pavement
    Modeling the Copacabana Sidewalk Pavement Tatiana Waintraub Waldemar Celes Computer Science Department, PUC-Rio Tecgraf, Computer Science Department, PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Fig. 1. An image of the Copacabana sidewalk modeled with the proposed technique Abstract—In this paper, we propose a method to model the kind of Opus Palladium mosaic, where tiles of irregular shapes Copacabana beach sidewalk pavement, and Portuguese pave- are used to convey images in an expressive manner. There ments in general. Given a black and white source image, the are several proposals in the literature for computing digital proposed method outputs the geometry of all individual stones that compose the pavement. Different from previous mosaic mosaics using different strategies [1]. However, observing the techniques, we focus on capturing the particularities of such Copacabana sidewalk pavement, one can note a few distinct pavements: the stones (tiles) must completely follow the edges, features that have to be considered for our purpose: being mostly represented by irregular quadrilaterals with no particular orientation. A set of experiments demonstrates the effectiveness and stability of our proposal. • The stones present mostly irregular quadrilateral shapes Keywords-mosaic; procedural modeling; Voronoi diagram; • The region bounds (edge features) are perfectly honored • The stones (tiles) are placed with arbitrary orientations except near the bounds I. INTRODUCTION The Copacabana beach sidewalk, in Rio de Janeiro, repre- This paper presents a method capable of modeling Por- sents a famous use of a traditional pavement style known as tuguese pavement in an effective way.
    [Show full text]
  • Research in Maritime Archaeology in Portugal 451
    450Research in maritimeSHIPWRECKS AROUND archaeology THE WORLD: REVELATIONS in OF THE PAST Portugal: A view of the Past and Present 20 Tiago Miguel Fraga, Cristóvão Fonseca, Inês Pinto Coelho, Jorge Freire, Patrícia Carvalho and André Teixeira, Centro de História de Além-Mar, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Universidade dos Açores, Lisboa, Portugal Portugal is a country with a secular strategy in overseas expansion, a cultural identity linked to the sea and of a cultural heritage spawning four continents. Thus maritime archaeology has become an essential field to understand the country. Presented here is an overview of the current state of maritime archaeology in Portugal in regard to several projects presently underway in Portugal and their contribution towards Portuguese history and maritime history in general. These occur in diverse fields as coastal knowledge, maritime cultural landscape, coastal archaeology, port studies associated with river and estuary research, ship’s studies and history of shipbuilding. Portugal’s ties to the sea have a secular origin. The geographic shoreline configuration (800 km of shoreline in a border of 1800 km) and abundant waterways and ports, led to an intense riverside settlement, to the development of maritime related economic activities, to a secular navigation knowledge and, of course, the cognitive construction of an entire magico-religious maritime tradition in the territory of present day Portugal. A country with very early defined borders in the late 13th century, Portugal secularly adopted overseas expansion as a main strategy. Its interventions in Africa, America and Asia tried to balance a lack of European expression, enabling a fragile political, economic and even cultural independence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quaternary Plant Fossil Record from the Volcanic Azores Archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean): a Review
    Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology ISSN: 0891-2963 (Print) 1029-2381 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 The Quaternary plant fossil record from the volcanic Azores Archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean): a review Carlos A. Góis-Marques, Lea de Nascimento, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira, José María Fernández-Palacios & José Madeira To cite this article: Carlos A. Góis-Marques, Lea de Nascimento, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira, José María Fernández-Palacios & José Madeira (2018): The Quaternary plant fossil record from the volcanic Azores Archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean): a review, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2018.1444761 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1444761 Published online: 28 Feb 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ghbi20 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1444761 The Quaternary plant fossil record from the volcanic Azores Archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean): a review Carlos A. Góis-Marquesa,b , Lea de Nascimentoc , Miguel Menezes de Sequeirab,d , José María Fernández-Palaciosc and José Madeiraa aLaboratório Associado, Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; bFaculdade de Ciências da Vida, Madeira Botanical Group (GBM), Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; cIsland Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain; dCIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Portugal ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Plant fossils are known from the Azores Islands, yet poorly studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Waiting for the Next Future
    FILHOS DE IMPÉRIO E PÓS-MEMÓRIAS EUROPEIAS CHILDREN OF EMPIRES AND EUROPEAN POSTMEMORIES ENFANTS D’EMPIRES ET POSTMÉMOIRES EUROPÉENNES Saturday, 14 September 2019 ... | ... | ... (courtesy of the artist) Kanimambo | 1998 | Ângela Ferreira (courtesy of the artist) WAITING FOR THE 1 NEXT FUTURE Margarida Calafate Ribeiro An inaptly christened “return of the colonial past” has emerged in the last few years in Europe and in Portugal. In Portugal this is a past that has been more or less silenced since decolonization and the revolutionary period of 1974-75 with its movements of people, including the so-called ‘return’ of settlers, officials and military personnel from the former African colonies. That was the end of an era for Portugal and the beginning of another. Afterwards, apart from novels that narrated the realities of the Colonial War, silence was the watchword of the 1980s and 1990s regarding this recent Portuguese past. memoirs.ces.uc.pt WAITING FOR THE NEXT FUTURE What we are seeing now is, though, not really the return of the colonial past, but the beginning of a debate between the time of colonial domination and contemporary social relations in societies that have inherited these colonial pasts in Europe. Whether these debates are about a continued European colonial outlook, about public recognition of the memory of slavery and colonialism, about ethnic and racial discrimination, about the place of religion, about Islam in Europe or the contours of secularism, or about the drama of refugees in the Mediterranean, it is always the freight of Portuguese and European colonial history that is measured, probed, and assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Who and Where We Are
    Who and Where we are - The Azores Islands are located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between parallels 36 and 39 North and meridians 25 and 31 West. - Autonomous Region of Portugal. - Approximately two hours by air from Mainland Portugal and four and a half hours by air from the North American Continent. - Made up of nine islands, divided in three groups: - Eastern Group: islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel - Central Group: islands of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial - Western Group: islands of Flores and Corvo. Time zone: UTC-1 | Language: Portuguese | Currency: Euro (€) | Electricity: 220V Climate Monthly average Monthly average Monthly average air temperature (ºC) ocean temperature(ºC) rainfall (mm) January 14,1 16,1 125,7 February 13,6 15,5 118,4 March 14,3 15,4 94,4 April 14,9 15,8 77,0 May 16,6 16,7 61,9 June 18,7 18,3 50,2 July 21,0 20,4 38,8 August 22,1 21,9 55,5 September 21,1 21,7 88,3 October 18,9 20,3 106,8 November 16,9 18,5 132,1 December 15,1 17,0 133,1 Source: UA, CLIMAAT GOLFING BIRD WATCHING WALKING TRAILS GEOTOURISM 36º 55’ 44’’ N, 25º 01’ 02’’ W - Azores, PORTUGAL The Azores 9 islands N A E WESTERN Group CENTRAL Group EASTERN Group C O _Corvo _Graciosa _São Miguel Azores C I T _Flores _Terceira _Santa Maria N A _São Jorge L T A _Pico _Faial São Miguel Santa Maria Terceira Faial Pico São Jorge Graciosa Flores Corvo Total Population 137.699 5.547 56.062 15.038 14.144 8.998 4.393 3.791 430 246.102 55,95% 2,25% 22,78% 6,11% 5,75% 3,66% 1,79% 1,54% 0,17% 100% Total Area 744,7 km2 97 km2 401,9 km2 173,1 km2
    [Show full text]
  • Manual Da Calçada Portuguesa
    MANUAL DA CALÇADA PORTUGUESA THE PORTUGUESE PAVEMENTS HANDBOOK Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia 2009 AUTORES António Manuel Esteves Henriques António A. Casal Moura Francisco Amado Santos DESIGN Ana Cristina Simões FOTOGRAFIA E IMAGENS Sofia Rivas Oliveira Ernesto Matos Nuno Soromenho CAPA Cristina Simões EDITOR Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia Av. 5 de Outubro, 87 - 1069-039 Lisboa Telf: 217 922 700 – Fax: 217 939 540 Email:[email protected] www.dgge.pt PROMOTOR EDM - Empresa de Desenvolvimento Mineiro, SA R. Sampaio e Pina, nº1 - 3º Dtº 1070-248 Lisboa Tel: 213 859 121 - Fax: 213 856 344 Email: [email protected] www.edm.pt COORDENAÇÃO GERAL Comedil – Comunicação e Edição, Lda. Rua Enfermeiras da Grande Guerra, 14-A 1170-119 Lisboa Telf: 218 123 753 – Fax: 218 141 900 Email: [email protected] PRÉ-IMPRESSÂO - IMPRESSÃO SIG - Sociedade Industrial Gráfica, Lda. Rua Pêro Escobar, 21 - 2680 - 574 Camarate Tel.: (351) 219 473 701 - Fax: (351) 219 475 970 Email: [email protected] www.sig.pt PESQUISA E ASSESSORIA Consulithos Lda. - Consultoria e Serviços Vila Augusta - Avª 25 de Abril, Loja 3 7160 - 221 Vila Viçosa Tel.: 268 889 203 - Fax: 268 889 205 Email: [email protected] www.consulithos.com DEPÓSITO LEGAL Nº 000000/09 ISBN Nº 978-972-8268-39-8 DISTRIBUIÇÃO Comedil – Comunicação e Edição, Lda. Rua Enfermeiras da Grande Guerra, 14-A 1170-119 Lisboa Telf: 218 123 753 – Fax: 218 141 900 Email: [email protected] AGRADECIMENTOS João Paulo Gonçalves - Presidente da AECP Ernesto Matos - CML Brigada de Calceteiros da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa e à DGEG Nuno Saragoça Matos Todos os direitos desta publicação estão reservados, não podendo ser reproduzida ou transmitida no seu todo ou em parte, por nenhuma forma ou qualquer meio incluindo fotocópias ou gravação em suporte digital sem autorização do editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence and Invisibility During Salazarism
    VIOLENCE AND INVISIBILITY DURING SALAZARISM THE POLITICS OF VISIBILITY THROUGH THE FILMS 48 AND O ALAR DA REDE SOFIA LOPES BORGES MPHIL 2017 SUPERVISORS: DR. JULIA NG AND DR. ROS GRAY CENTRE FOR CULTURAL STUDIES GOLDSMITHS COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SUPPORTED BY: FCT — PORTUGUESE FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP 2 I, Sofia Lopes Borges, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Date: November 9, 2017 Signed: 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 I am grateful to Dr. Julia Ng, who walked me through this project particularly during the initial stages, and then to Dr. Ros Gray who also guided me to completion with insight. I am most indebted to my loVe, Stéphane Blumer for his patience and graciousness in assisting and encouraging me throughout the course of this research. 3 ABSTRACT 4 This inVestigation analyses the relations uniting the long endurance of the Salazarist dictatorship in Portugal and the political processes of its cryptic Violence. Departing from the differentiation between different types of Violence, this thesis shows that structural Violence was used intentionally by the regime within the limits of a spectrum of Visibility, in an effort to create its own normalisation. This research examines the mechanism and manifestation of both direct and structural Violence through a study of different filmic data. Film serVed as key propaganda medium for the regime, holding together the concealment of direct Violence and generating structural Violence. Undermining this authoritarian gesture, this enquiry further explores the deVice of Visibility, intrinsic to filmic material, which challenges the Portuguese regime's politics of self-censorship.
    [Show full text]
  • RMM Number3 March 2015 Hi
    Edition Associa¸c˜ao Ludus, Museu Nacional de Hist´oria Natural e da Ciˆencia, Rua da Escola Polit´ecnica 56 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal email: [email protected] URL: http://rmm.ludus-opuscula.org Managing Editor Carlos Pereira dos Santos, [email protected] Center for Linear Structures and Combinatorics, University of Lisbon Editorial Board Aviezri S. Fraenkel, [email protected], Weizmann Institute Carlos Pereira dos Santos Colin Wright, [email protected], Liverpool Mathematical Society David Singmaster, [email protected], London South Bank University David Wolfe, [email protected], Gustavus Adolphus College Edward Pegg, [email protected], Wolfram Research Jo˜ao Pedro Neto, [email protected], University of Lisbon Jorge Nuno Silva, [email protected], University of Lisbon Keith Devlin, [email protected], Stanford University Richard Nowakowski, [email protected], Dalhousie University Robin Wilson, [email protected], Open University Thane Plambeck, [email protected], Counterwave, inc Informations The Recreational Mathematics Magazine is electronic and semiannual. The issues are published in the exact moments of the equinox. The magazine has the following sections (not mandatory in all issues): Articles Games and Puzzles Problems MathMagic Mathematics and Arts Math and Fun with Algorithms Reviews News ISSN 2182-1976 Contents Page Math and Fun with Algorithms: Xiang-Sheng Wang Calculating the day of the week: null-days algorithm . 5 Games and Puzzles: David Singmaster Some early topological puzzles – Part 1 ............ 9 Mathematics and Arts: Pedro Freitas Almada Negreiros and the regular nonagon .......... 39 Mathematics and Arts: Ricardo Cunha Teixeira Patterns, mathematics and culture: The search for symme- try in Azorean sidewalks and traditional crafts ......
    [Show full text]
  • Consulte O Guia Aqui
    2 | DOURO DOURO | 3 When arriving at the Douro, you are suddenly invaded by a sense of plenitude, inspired by the stunning beauty of the even terraces and the idyllic tranquility that sur- rounds you. You’re always welcomed with a smile, and the warmth is immediately evident on how you’re gree- ted at the charming hotel facilities, the gastronomic de- licacies you’re offered and the full-bodied wines you’re served. A unique sensory experience you’ll want to fully enjoy and that makes you wish to never leave! The Douro unparalleled beauty has sharpened the cre- ativity of well-known poets and writers and served as source of inspiration to Guerra Junqueiro, Miguel Torga, Eça de Queirós, João de Araújo Correia or Aquilino Ribeiro, among others. On their opus, the tribute to the Douro fertile lands and people’s hard work is always present, which also allows for the discovery of this bewi- tching region through reading. Imagine yourself on a sunny afternoon, sitting beside a swimming pool with one of these authors’ literary work on one hand and a glass of Port Wine on the other, overlooking the per- fectly arranged vines on the verdant slopes... What a heavenly picture! “At the Douro, the wine is a common memory, the lead- ing thread of generations. The wine is present in the most indelible way: in the people’s feelings and conscious- ness. But it also reigns over the landscape, on those formidable terraces that, uphill, ended up shaping and moulding it.”, António Barreto, in “Douro” 4 | DOURO DOURO | 5 Index ThE ORIGIns 6 MAJOR ROUTEs 32 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Island Spatiality Through Co-Visibility
    UNDERSTANDING ISLAND SPATIALITY THROUGH CO-VISIBILITY The construction of islanDs as legible territories – a case stuDy of the Azores [ReceiveD July 28th 2017; accePteD SePtember 13th 2017 – DOI: 10.21463/shima.12.1.09] Celina Vale University of the Azores <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: This article exPlores how the islanD territory of the Azores (Portugal) emerges anD is spatially defineD in two cultural texts: Raul BranDão’s As Ilhas Desconhecidas (whose title translates as ‘Unknown IslanDs’) anD Vitorino Nemésio’s Mau Tempo no Canal (publisheD in English language translation as Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale) anD uses them to identify interPretative elements of the islanD exPerience. By categorising key islanD spatialities anD sensory inPuts, I proPose the relationshiP between the observer anD islanD space anD assert that these spatialities converge to form a territory comPoseD of water anD lanD, synthesised via the concePt of terraquée, anD confirm the existence of an aggregate Azorean islanD spatiality, which is rooteD in co-visibility. KEYWORDS: Azores, co-visibility, islanD spatiality, terraquée, territorial legibility Introduction This article exPlores the sPatial Definition of the Azores through an analysis of how islanD territory is interPreteD anD exPresseD in two literary works. I hereby iDentify the elements of a relational islanD sPatiality that are key to the PercePtion anD exPerience of the natural anD built islanD environment. Territorial legibility has been a matter of interest for a number of scholars. Influential research by Lynch (1960) exPlores the legibility of lanDscaPe anD consiDereD various guiDing PrinciPles behinD the creation of mental maPs anD the apPrehension of urban landscaPes.
    [Show full text]
  • Grande Lisboa / Centro Harmonious Link Between Landscape Design of Irregular Shaped Pieces of Limestone, About Calouste Gulbenkian and Palace Architecture in Portugal
    2019 LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA / CENTRE Dados Técnicos / Technical Data Route of the Portuguese Cathedrals Emissão / issue - 2019 / 04 / 29 Selos / stamps Setúbal’s most important medieval neighbour- The construction of the Marian Sanctuary began Esta Booklet é composta por 30 selos autoadesivos, hood, as well as its religious, political and in 1919, with the Chapel of the Apparitions. Over das emissões do Continente, alusivas à Grande Lisboa e Centro do país, lançadas entre 2014 e 2016. administrative centre, grew up around the city’s the years, the sanctuary has been extended, and This Booklet contains 30 self-adhesive stamps from the Mainland allusive to the Lisbon metropolitan area Cathedral (Church of the Holy Mary of Grace), today it includes two basilicas. and the centre of the country issued between 2014-2016. which was rebuilt in the sixteenth century, Selos / stamps I20g. (Extra Europa 20 gramas / 20 grams Extra Europe) The Cathedral’s impressive façade has two tall Portuguese Pavement 30 000 x 5 robust towers flanking the entrance. Inside, the Lisbon’s calçada portuguesa (mosaic-like – Rota das Catedrais - 2014 – Jardins de Portugal - 2014 altarpieces with their gilded carving produced in pavements) date back to the mid-nineteenth – Santuários Marianos - 2016 the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are century. The first major paved area was the Praça – Calçada Portuguesa - 2016 – Lisboa – As Nossas Cidades – 2016 D. Pedro IV (Rossio). This pavement design evoked worthy of note, as are the seventeenth century Design - Atelier Design&etc / Túlio Coelho frescoes on the nave’s Tuscan columns, and the the waves of the sea, which is why it became Créditos / credits rococo tiles with their figurative compositions known as the Long Sea (Mar Largo).
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races
    OufO 3 1924 074 488 234 All books are subject to recall after two weeks Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE -mr -^ l99T 'li^^is Wtt&-F£SeiW SPRIHG 2004 PRINTED IN U.S.A. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074488234 In compliance with current copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 1994 (Kambtitrge i^istotical Series EDITED BY G. W. PROTHERO, LiTT.D. HONORARY FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA. aonbon: C. J. CLAY AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, Ave Maria Lane. ©lasBoiu: 263, ARGYLE STREET. Ecipjis: F. A. BROCKHAUS. jjefagorl:: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. JSomlaj: E. SEYMOUR HALE. A HISTORY OF THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA BY ALIEN RACES BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, K.C.B. (author of "BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA," ETC.). WITH EIGHT MAPS BY THE AUTHOR AND J. G. BARTHOLOMEW. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1899 9 [All Rights reserved-^ GENERAL TREFACE. The aim of this series is to sketch tlie history of Alodern Europe, with that of its chief colonies and conquests, from about the e7id of the fifteenth century down to the present time. In one or two cases the story will connnence at an earlier date : in the case of the colonies it will usually begin later.
    [Show full text]