VOLUME XXIX, No. 10 SEMINARY SPECIAL OCTOBER, 1956 Christ, the Son of God, hath sent me o©er the widespread lands;

Mine the mighty ordination of the pierced hands. —AUTHOR UNKNOWN

Page 2 THE MINISTRY In This Issue

ITH this special issue of THE MINISTRY W comes the opportunity, for some of our Official Organ of the readers, to review happy hours spent in study MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATION OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS at the Seminary in Washington. To those of Editor: you who have not yet had that experience, we ROY ALLAN ANDERSON want this number to introduce you to the Associate Editors: members of the Seminary staff, acquaint you REUBEN R. FIGUHR, ALBERT V. OLSON LOUISE C. KLEUSER, GEORGE. E. VANDEMAN more fully with the objectives of the institu WALTER SCHUBERT, EARL E. CLEVELAND tion, and let you look in on some of its activ Office Editor; Advertising and Circulation Manager: ities and some of the results of its work. BEN GLANZER We might call special attention to Dr. Hep- Consulting Advertising Manager: R. J. CHRISTIAN penstall©s splendid contribution dealing with Daniel 8:14, which begins on page 29. During the past few years some of the benefits of Seminary instruction have been taken directly into overseas divisions by means of Seminary VOLUME XXIX NUMBER 10 Extension Schools. Dr. Horn©s article on page AT A GLANCE 24, along with the center-spread pictures, gives you a glimpse of the most recent of these schools, the one held in Manila. One of our FEATURES ______--___...... __. 4 Ministerial Association associate secretaries, The Birth of Revival Introducing Ourselves Walter Schubert, carried a major responsibility Bachelor of Divinity Graduates at Work The Sem inary Has Growing Pains Treasures From the Sev in this school. enth-day Adventist Past But when you have feasted on all the fine material from the Seminary staff, do save time EDITORIAL ...._. _ 13 for a careful reading of Part II of Arthur White©s "Make It Plain" series, "Ellen G. White Writings and Current News Releases." Beginning on page 43, this COUNSEL ______...... ___..___.__15 installment deals with electrical currents, pre natal influence, and the use of eggs. The Challenge of Intellectual and Spiritual Growth We know that all of you join us in wishing SEMINARY DEPARTMENTS ____..__.._--.... 18 God©s abundant blessing upon the Seminary, its staff, its students, and its work. The Riddle on the Wall The Importance of New Testament Greek Apostles in the Early Church Ninth Extension School Held in the Far East What Is Truth? Daniel 8:14 in Perspective Voltaire and the Lisbon Earthquake Philosophy and Objectives of the Department of Practical Theology The Sem inary©s Latest Major Field The Seminary Music Department P©s and R©s for Public Speakers Farewell

CONTINUED FEATURE ...... 43 As THIS issue goes to press, Ben Ellen G. White Writings and Current News Releases, Glanzer, who for six years has been Part II our office, or make-up, editor of THE MINISTRY, is leaving us to accept an BOOKS .....__...... _...... - 47 appointment in the East Pennsyl vania Conference. He has been a POINTERS ...... _.....- ----...... ---. 52 valued member of our staff and will be greatly missed. Not only his tech nical knowledge but also his counsel, his genial spirit, and his rich musical Printed and published monthly for the Ministerial Association of Seventh-day Adventists by the Review and Herald Publish contributions have combined to make ing Association, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., $2.75 a year; 30 cents a copy. Add 35 cents for yearly subscriptions to his service effective for God. As he and countries requiring extra postage. Entered as second-class mat Mrs. Glanzer take up regular minis ter December 19, 1927, at the post office at Washington, D.C., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. terial work in the field our prayers will follow them. R. A. A.

OCTOBER, 1956 Page 3 The Birth of Revival

RICHARD HAMMILL Associate Secretary, General Conference Educational Department

A©REVIVAL and reforma to study, and to read the books he has been tion is greatly needed wanting to read or others just as good in our churches. We that he is required to read! There he en all agree 19 that. The prob joys fellowship with other workers, and lem of how to bring about with his Lord; and he has opportunity to this revival is one upon which discuss matters that interest him or prob many of our ministers and lems related to his work, with teachers and leaders have been thinking fellow workers of similar experience who and studying. Recently two incidents came face like problems. There a special time is to my attention that indicate to me that set aside for prayer and for building one©s the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Sem own devotional life. Then, when his period inary is to be one of many instruments for of study at the Seminary is over, he goes effecting this revival. back to his work not only wiser, but with Before a revival can take place in the his spiritual resources renewed and his in church, it must take place in the heart of tellectual horizons expanded. the preacher. Some time ago I was talking I know that this happens to others, and with a well-educated young woman in one I have experienced it myself. After a period of our churches. She spoke of her pastor, of mission service during the war, under and made this statement: "Pastor is going experiences of frustration and of certainly a different man since he attended unsettlement that left me nervously ex the Seminary. He seems so much more hausted, a period of study at the Seminary earnest and consecrated than before. His while on furlough virtually reopened to sermons, too, are infinitely more interesting me the fountains of the great depths of and spiritual." This is the finest tribute to God©s spiritual resources. The opportuni the Seminary that I have ever heard. ties of acquaintance with other workers, Very few of our lay members realize the and particularly with the leaders at our drain on a preacher who continuously gives General Conference headquarters, inspired from his spiritual experience and knowl new confidence in the soon triumph of edge. Every sermon, every prayer meeting, our message. My studies gave me deeper every counseling interview, every board insight into Bible truth, and with new meeting, draws upon his spiritual resources. humility and devotion I was able to enter Unless he is careful to preserve unbroken again into a spiritual work for the Lord. and undisturbed a special period for study and meditation, before long this constant "We Had a Real Revival" drain leaves his spiritual reservoir nearly A few weeks ago I chanced to meet a dry. From my own experience in district worker whom I had known years ago. This work, I know how extremely difficult it is to minister had previously labored for some preserve this study time unbroken. Just the years as a district leader and pastor in same, to fail to do so is to commit spiritual the homeland, and had now completed a suicide. Spiritual weakness and death will full term of service in the mission field. result just as surely as physical weakness Upon returning to the homeland for fur and death would follow if a person would lough, he enrolled at the Seminary. In our allow himself to be "so busy the past two conversation I learned that once before he weeks that I haven©t once had time to eat!" had attended the Seminary for a quarter. When a minister has the opportunity, I asked him how he was enjoying his stud after a busy program of evangelism or dis ies. "Very much," he replied, "though I trict and pastoral work,-to go to the Sem am just getting started at it. But I well inary for a period of study, what an oasis recall that when I attended the Seminary it is in his experience! There he has time years ago, and then returned to my district Page 4 THE MINISTRY of churches, we had a real revival," How whether the class be in archeology, church fitting that last remark seemed! This min history, prophetic interpretation, or Bibli ister was able, immediately after this pe cal languages. The whole program the riod of study at the Seminary, to bring classwork, the reading, the spiritual ex to his churches what he called "a real re ercises purposes to build up in the min vival." His study and associations had ister such a reservoir of information, spir brought him new plans, which he was itual strength, and studious attitude that eager to try, and, with opportunity to when he gets back into his church or his review his past activities and campaigns evangelistic campaign, the Holy Spirit can in the district, he had analyzed his short and will use him to bring revival and refor comings of approach and was desirous to mation to God©s remnant people under his try again and to avoid the previous errors. charge. With new courage and aggressiveness, he Contrary to the thinking of some, true was ready to venture out in holding evan education makes men more effective, more gelistic efforts and revival services. He had zealous soul winners. The great Protestant zealously and energetically launched into Reformation of the sixteenth century the work in his district, and God had sprang from the studies and labors of men blessed his churches with a genuine re who were teachers and students in the min vival. isterial training schools of that time. Prop The major contribution our Seminary is erly conducted, our own Seminary will designed to make to the denomination is make men wiser, more godly, more zealous, the preparation and training of good Ad- more aggressive in the work of winning ventist preachers. This means real soul- souls to communion and service in the Ad winning preachers men with a zeal for vent message. This result will be observed souls, who know how to proceed in the more and more in the few years that lie best way to win these souls. Every class ahead. The closing work of God on earth taught in the Seminary must be beamed demands the best men with the best train and focused toward this major objective, ing possible.

Introducing Ourselves

ERNEST D. DICK President, Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary

INCE the editors of THE MINISTRY are these teachers to pursue such study in non- devoting a special issue of this journal denominational schools. Experience has S to our Theological Seminary, and long ago taught us that this procedure is since the majority of its readers are either neither wise nor safe. Many thus engaged ministers in service or ministers in train lost their way and are lost to the work. ing, it seems appropriate that we tell you While pursuing studies in secular sub something of the Seminary, its purposes, jects in non-Adventist schools is fraught its program, and its personnel. with hazards, it is abundantly clear that Because of pressures toward higher the study of the Bible, Biblical languages, standards of scholarship in our schools, the and church history in such schools is al denomination in its 1930 Autumn Council together unacceptable. It was for this rea accepted the principle of accreditation for son, therefore, that the denomination©s its colleges and secondary schools in the leadership developed the plan of offering United States. This step made necessary the advanced training in Bible, Biblical lan obtaining of advanced training by a large guages, church history, and related sub number of our teachers: teachers of Eng jects in our own ranks. lish, history, science, languages, mathemat As first conceived, the school was to be ics, et cetera. Since we had no Seventh-day a roving school held each summer on a Adventist facilities for offering advanced selected senior college campus. The first training in these lines, it was necessary for such school was held at Pacific Union Col- OCTOBER, 1956 Page 5 Top row, left to right: Melvin K. Eckenroth, A.M. in Rel. Evangelism, Director of Field Work; Roland E. Loasby, A.M., Ph.D., New Testament Greek; Ernest D. Dick, A.B., President, Business Manager; Charles E. Weniger, A.M., Ph.D., Dean, Preaching and Speech; William G. Murdoch, A.M., B.D., Ph.D., Systematic Theology; Siegfried H. Horn, A.M., Ph.D., Archeology and History of Antiquity. Center row: Winton H. Beaven, A.M., Ph.D., Communication; Charles E. Wittschiebe, B.R.E., A.M., B.D., Pastoral Care; Esther Benton, A.B., Registrar, Secretary of the Faculty; Bernhard J. Kohler, B.Sc., Assistant Business Manager, Treasurer; Edward Heppenstall, A.M., Ph.D., Christian Theology; Daniel Walther, Lie. es-Lettres, Ph.D., Church History. Bottom row: Earle Hilgert, Th.B., A.M., B.D., New Testament Literature; Alger F. Johns, A.M., Old Testa ment; Mrs. Robert H. Mitchell, B.S. in L.S., Librarian, Bibliography; Leona Glidden Running, A.M., Biblical Languages; George W. Greer, Church Music, Director, Seminary Chorus. lege in the summer of 1934, and was known Instructor in Bible and Missions, B. P. Hoffiman as the Advanced Bible School. Instructor in Church History, W. M. Landeen Instructor in Speech, C. E. Weniger The leadership of the denomination Instructor in Teaching Methods, G. F. Wolfkill stood squarely behind the new undertak Instructor in Biblical Languages, L. L. Caviness ing. The first meeting giving official con Instructor in Science and Religion, G. McC. Price sideration to this development was held on November 7, 1933, in the office of the Special features included lectures on: president of the General Conference, J. L. Evangelism and the Bible, C. B. Haynes McElhany, and was attended by I. H. Spirit of Prophecy, A. G. Daniells Evans, J. L. Shaw, W. H. Branson, F. M. Missions, W. A. Spicer Wilcox, M. E. Kern, H. T. Elliott, C. P. Ministry, I. H. Evans Crager, L. E. Froom, and W. I. Smith. Health, Dr. Mary McReynolds I. H. Evans was chairman of the meeting. The program was carried out, with A number of important actions were taken, marked satisfaction to all who were privi including agreement on the holding of leged to attend. such a school, the courses to be offered, Similar sessions were conducted in the and teaching personnel as follows: summers of 1935 and 1936 at Pacific Un Dean and Instructor in Bible, M. E. Kern ion College. So successful was the under Instructor in Bible, M. L. Andreasen taking that at the 1936 General Confer- Page 6 THE MINISTRY ence session, action was taken making the Archeology and History of Antiquity school permanent, and it was also voted Bible and Systematic Theology that it should be located at Washington, Biblical Greek Biblical Hebrew D.C. Here it was operated in wholly in Biblical Languages adequate quarters until a new and suit Church History able building was provided in 1941. Counseling and Guidance In its beginning and for a number of Practical Theology years thereafter the entire faculty was bor Preaching and Speech rowed from other organizations. When it was voted that the institution should be The strength of any school is to a very permanent, steps were taken to build a large degree measured by the strength of full-time faculty, to develop a strong li the individual teachers. With sympathetic brary, to equip the institution suitably for undergirding of the institution©s financial the work assigned, and to seek authoriza needs by the General Conference, progres tion to grant graduate degrees, all of which sive steps have been taken to build up a aims have been progressively attained. strong full-time faculty. Some of the de nomination©s best teachers have joined our Degrees Offered staff, and a high standing of scholarship is maintained. A strong spiritual tone like With the developing awareness that the wise pervades the institution. The mem denomination©s ministry was in need of bers of our regular staff are presented pic- facilities for study beyond those offered torially in this article, together with the in our senior colleges, the work of the lines of instruction they carry. Seminary was broadened to make this type of training available as well. A one-year The Seminary reaps rich benefits be (four quarters) course leading to the M.A. cause of its proximity to the denomina degree in religion was developed, also a tion©s headquarters, in that a goodly num three-year course (ten quarters) which ber of General Conference workers are leads to the regular seminary degree drawn upon to present certain courses and known as the Bachelor of Divinity, or B.D. lines of study, which they are qualified by To date degrees have been granted as fol special training and experience to give. lows: These include the following guest instruc tors and lecturers, with their particular 201 Master of Arts fields: 177 Master of Arts in Religion Roy Allan Anderson 34 Bachelor of Divinity James I. Robison Preaching and Worship Church Organization Recently the work of the Seminary has Henry E. Andren and Polity been reorganized under five departments Counseling and Aubrey H. Rulkoetter of study, namely: Guidance Religious Liberty Dorothy Foreman Beltz Ronald S. Senseman Department of Old Testament Human Relationships Church Architecture Department of New Testament LeRoy E. Froom Sydney W. Tymeson Department of Systematic Theology Church Finance and Christian Philosophy History of Prophetic Department of Church History Interpretation George E. Vandeman Department of Practical Theology Alvin W. Johnson Practical Theology Religious Liberty Howard B. Weeks The scope of the present offerings may Louise C. Kleuser Public Relations be better understood when we state that Practical Theology Arthur L. White one hundred sixty-nine separate courses J. Wayne McFarland, Prophetic Guidance of study are offered. Or stated in another M.D. Frank H. Yost way, allowing an individual to take a maxi Health Evangelism Systematic Theology mum allowed study load of sixteen hours Francis D. Nichol per quarter, it would require continuous Christian Theology attendance of seven and a quarter years to Confidently we believe that the Seminary complete all the courses now offered, not has an increasingly larger contribution to including any time for thesis preparation. make in training the denomination©s min In pursuing the B.D. degree one may istry and its teachers for better service for major in any one of the nine following God in the finishing of the work. To this fields: end we gladly serve. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 7 Bachelor of Divinity Graduates at Work

CHARLES E. WENIGER Dean, Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary

HE level of literacy of the human Where are these Bachelor of Divinity race is steadily and rapidly rising. If graduates? The following current service T the Seventh-day Adventist preacher is record of the nineteen men who have taken to carry the message of salvation to this the Bachelor of Divinity degree from 1950 generation, his training and consecration to 1955 inclusive shows that the well-trained must rise to meet the demands of the time. Seventh-day Adventist minister has ample The time was when men became med opportunity for service. The field needs ical practitioners after a brief period of him. apprenticeship with a successful doctor and One of the first graduates of the Bach little or no actual training in school. But elor of Divinity curriculum (1950) is pres gradually, as the years passed, professional ident of a senior Seventh-day Adventist training for doctors of medicine has been college in North America. extended until now the normal course of Six graduates are professors or instructors medical training includes a full college cur of Bible and religion, Biblical languages, riculum of four years, plus four years of practical theology, and religious educa medical curriculum, plus one year of in tion in senior colleges in North America ternship in a hospital a minimum of nine and abroad. One is in the Northern Euro years after academy or high school. pean Division, one in the Southern Afri But how has it been with the Seventh- can Division, and four in the North Amer day Adventist minister of the gospel? Until ican Division. a comparatively recent date he was per Three graduates are teaching religious mitted to enter the gospel ministry without and allied subjects at the graduate level, a college education. Later he was required two as professors in the Seventh-day Advent to finish the college curriculum before be ist Theological Seminary, and one as as ginning his ministerial work, and only re sistant professor at the College of Medical cently has the requirement been raised to Evangelists. include a fifth year of training at the grad One is a Bible teacher in a South Amer uate level in the Seventh-day Adventist ican training school, one an instructor in Theological Seminary before he enters the the Home Study Institute, and another a field as an intern. school principal in a local North Ameri While the physician of the body must can conference. take eight years of training after finishing Two are chaplains in the United States high school before he enters his internship, Air Force, and one is a medical laboratory the physician of the soul is required to take technician in a Federal hospital. One is a only five years before he becomes a minis minister in a Canadian conference, one a terial intern. Despite this discrepancy be ministerial intern in the Oklahoma Con tween the training given the medical evan ference, and one a retired minister serving gelist and the pastoral evangelist of the soul, in a local district. we may be very happy over the advanced Of the May, 1956, graduates from the steps taken to train a more efficient Seventh- divinity curriculum, one is teaching Bible day Adventist ministry. and allied subjects at our college in Argen There is still greater cause for rejoicing tina, one is pastor of a large metropolitan when we note how many of our minis church in the Columbia Union, one is a terial workers are realizing the value of chaplain in the United States Air Force, one more than five years of ministerial train is a pastor in the Pacific Union, and one has ing. These brethren are qualifying for the begun his ministerial internship in the New Bachelor of Divinity degree, which is at Jersey Conference. These men are conscious tained at the close of a three-year curricu of the challenge of the following counsel of lum of graduate studies in the Seminary. the servant of the Lord: Page 8 THE MINISTRY Every one should feel that there rests upon him an ple not of our faith have been shunned altogether obligation to reach the height of intellectual great too much. While we should not associate with them ness. While none should be puffed up because of the to receive their mold, there are honest ones every knowledge they have acquired, it is the privilege of where for whom we should labor cautiously, wisely, all to enjoy the satisfaction of knowing that with and intelligently, full of love for their souls. . . . We every advance step they are rendered more capable have had altogether too much talk about coming of honoring and glorifying God. They may draw down to the common mind. God wants men of talent from an inexhaustible fountain, the Source of all and good minds, who can weigh arguments, men wisdom and knowledge. Gospel Workers, p. 279. who will dig for the truth as for hid treasures. These In the attainment of a perfect Christian character, men will be able to reach, not only the common, the culture of the intellect is necessary, in order that but the better classes. Such men will ever be stu we may understand the revelation of the will of God dents of the Bible, fully alive to the sacredness of the to us. This can not be neglected by those who are responsibilities resting upon them. Testimonies, obedient to God©s commandments. In our intellec vol. 5, pp. 580, 581. tual faculties, we possess God©s endowment. The Signs of the Times, Nov. 5, 1896. (Other excellent statements from the Mistakes have been made in not seeking to reach servant of the Lord will be found in the ministers and the higher classes with the truth. Peo Counsel section, page 15.)

The Seminary Has Growing Pains

ESTHER BENTON Registrar

F YOU like graphs that shoot right off Total enrollment in the Seminary in the page, you would enjoy being reg cludes a sizable proportion of special stu I istrar at the Theological Seminary these dents who cannot qualify for advanced de days. Growing pains seem a part of the grees. Many of them are wives of regular normal life of an institution that has more students, who are encouraged to take courses than doubled its enrollment in the past along with their husbands. Some Sem ten years. I sometimes wonder, as I grapple inary courses attract large groups from the with the problem of how to make room community. These factors make the total for five or six classes in our four classrooms, enrollment less significant for purposes of whether a report from the school of the comparison than the number of students prophets in Elisha©s day just before the actually working toward degrees. The aver building program would not have resem age for the four quarters of the 1955-56 bled the graphs below. school year is 109.5, more than three times that for 1945-46. Actually, the figure has not dropped below 100 since the summer of 1954.

150 140 O - 130 (O 120 120- 110 no 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 __ Without mission language group 10

TOTAL ENROLLMENT, 1945-1946 (The yearly enrollment is based on an average of STUDENTS WORKING TOWARD M. A. AND B. D. enrollments for the four quarters.) DEGREES, 1945-1956 OCTOBER, 1956 Page 9 Of particular interest is the sharp in crease in the number of students who, hav ing already obtained the Master©s degree, are working for the Bachelor of Divinity degree. While the total figure is still not large, the trend is significant.

30©

25 DEGREES AWARDED, 1942-1955 20 The 1956 Summer quarter broke all en 15 rollment records with 191 students regis 10 tered for the two terms. Ranging in age from twenty-two to sixty-seven, the group 5 has already turned in an aggregate of more than twelve hundred years of denomina tional service. Some fifty were school-home STUDENTS WORKING TOWARD B. D. DEGREE, deans, present or future, enrolled in the 1945- 1956 Workshop in School Homes Administra The number of degrees awarded also re tion. A number of other courses in Chris flects the upward surge, which reached a tian education were offered. peak when eighty degrees were conferred The over-all picture is encouraging be during 1955, eight of them Bachelor of cause it indicates that the Seminary is being Divinity degrees. The 1956 spring and sum given an increasing opportunity to make mer graduations have included fifteen B.D. its contribution toward a better-trained degrees. Seventh-day Adventist ministry.

Treasures from the Seventh-day Adventist Past

MARY JANE MITCHELL Seminary Librarian

HE history of most peoples, nations, in these as well. The library has received and organizations is preserved in li many interesting and worth-while additions Tbraries. This is certainly true of the through contacts made by Pastor Froom. Seventh-day Adventist denomination and its history. For some years it has been the Bibles of the Pioneers plan of the library of the Seventh-day Among the most fascinating books in our Adventist Theological Seminary to preserve possession are the Bibles of the pioneers. artifacts and books illustrative of the prog An accompanying picture shows Bibles ress of the denomination. The most no that once belonged to Mrs. William Miller, table collection helping to accomplish this Pastor Joseph Bates, Rachel Oakes Preston, aim is known as the Advent Source Col D. T. Bourdeau, J. N. Andrews, and S. N. lection, built up by L. E. Froom in connec Haskell. Looking over such priceless ma tion with his writing of the four-volume set terials gives one a deep sense of responsi The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers. While bility to make his own contribution to this collection goes far beyond strictly ward the heralding of the three angels© Seventh-day Adventist materials, it is rich messages. These early pioneers played their Page 10 THE MINISTRY role with fervor. They gave much to the from place to place to preach the soon cause many of them their whole lives. coming of Jesus. This was given to F. D. What a challenge to us! Nichol for the historical collection by Mrs. Armies of earth have gone forth to battle William Adams, a granddaughter of Wil singing as they marched behind the banner liam Miller. of their king. No less is true of those mak The pioneers took literally the verse that ing up the Advent Movement. In the Semi says "make it plain upon tables, that he nary library there is a choice collection of may run that readeth it" (Hab. 2:2). There Seventh-day Adventist hymnals, dating are still in existence some of each of the back to the first one, published in 1849: prophetic charts used by William Miller and Hymns for God©s Peculiar People That his followers. Most of them were designed Keep the Commandments of God and the and printed by Joshua V. Himes at his Faith of Jesus. This was advertised in printing establishment on Devonshire the Review and Herald at the price of Street in Boston. Some time ago M. L. eight for $1! Also included in the col Andreasen presented to the Advent Source lection is a children©s hymnal, Hymns for Collection an 1843 chart. Youth and Children, compiled in 1854 by One of the fascinating chapters of Sev Anna White, the sister of James White. enth-day Adventist mission history concerns The hymnal collection includes books the collection of dimes to build the Pit- through the years, down to our present cairn. Through the interest of the late excellently compiled Church Hymnal. Claude Conard, for many years statistical Museum Pieces secretary of the General Conference, the Seminary library came into possession of Aside from book materials, there are a the ship©s log kept by Capt. E. H. Gates number of odd and interesting items, such on the first journeys of the Pitcairn. In as the hatbox in which William Miller cluded also with the log is the inkwell used carried his black silk hats as he journeyed on the captain©s desk.

Bibles used by early Adventists. Left to right: J. N. Andrews©, Rachel Oakes Preston©s, Mrs. William Miller©s, Joseph Bates©s, Daniel T. Bourdeau©s, S. N. HaskelTs. In the background is the hatbox used by William Miller. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 11 Seventh-day Adventist hymnals prior to 1900. The two open ones are the earliest. On the left is Hymns for God's Peculiar People That Keep the Commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. The other open book is Hymns jot Youth and Children. Penciled scribblings attest to the fact that it was in the possession of children!

Hand-written Mongolian Bible morocco leather. The beauty of this book Another product of pioneer Seventh-day is a constant source of amazement to vis Adventist missions work is a hand-written itors. Mongolian Bible. When Otto C. Christen- In the picture of the Bible on the next sen and his wife went to Mongolia to labor, page it will be noted that it is written in they found that practically all copies and vertical lines. It reads from left to right, plates of the Mongolian Bible printed by down each line. The Bible is opened to the British and Foreign Bible Society had Psalm 119, and the favorite lines, "Thy word been destroyed by hostile people. Pastor is a lamp ..." are side lined, instead of Christensen borrowed an office copy from underlined! the Bible Society. The first woman convert When Adventist work in Mongolia was to our faith worked eight hours a day for closed, Pastor Christensen presented this eight months during 1932-33, to copy the Bible (Old Testament) to the Seminary Old Testament. For this purpose Pastor library together with the case in which it Christensen had bought American bond was strapped to his back as he bicycled paper, which was folded in signatures, so to his appointments. It was left in the li that when completed the Bible might be brary on loan with the idea that should bound as a book. At the conclusion of this the work be reopened in Mongolia, the project, which included many hours of Bible could again serve its appointed pur painstaking proofreading by Pastor and pose. Mrs. Christensen, the signatures were sent Only a sampling of the rare and interest to Peking and bound in a fine grade of ing books and objects in the Seminary li- Page 12 THE MINISTRY That is vital. It is easy to be misunderstood at times, especially in presenting some of the tremendous truths that make up our distinctive message. Many times we have conveyed a wrong impression on some of these things. To use the vocabulary of Christianity is not sufficient. It is possible to speak the language of the church and yet fail to give the truth as it is in Jesus. Paul writing to the Corinthians said, "We use great plainness of speech." Here was a man who was bold and emphatic. He sounded the very depths of divine love and revelation, yet he was concerned that his messages be clear and plain. Hand-written Mongolian Bible described in the article. Great themes like the nature of Christ, His glorious atonement, His priestly min istry, and His gift of righteousness received brary has been mentioned. A great many by faith these need the greatest care in interesting and scarce items have been their presentation. All of us may feel photostated and thus preserved for us. that we are familiar with them. We preach Undoubtedly other things of historic inter on these subjects frequently, and yet in est to the denomination will become avail presenting them we have sometimes used able in the future. It is hoped, also, that language that has conveyed an entirely in the future there will be a more suitable erroneous impression. The great truth com place in which to display these treasures. mitted unto us as a people has suffered most at the hands of those who love it best. In our eagerness to give meaning to the priestly ministry of our Lord, for example, and especially in our emphasizing the work of the judgment, we have used expressions that have implied that instead of our rest ing in the all-sufficient sacrifice of our Lord and His great atonement on the cross, Ad- ventists depend rather upon what they can do through rigid obedience to the law, or what Jesus is going to do for them at some future time. We have not intended to con vey such an impression, but we have never theless. It is often charged that Adventists, while believing the doctrine of justification by Kahe It Plain" faith, earn their sanctification by works. We are thought to believe that faithfulness UNION conference committee was in in the observance of the Sabbath, or in re A session and the topic under discussion turning to the Lord the tithe, or in bap was the training program for our young tism, or Christian help work, or through ministers. The importance of preaching gifts and offerings, or our strict adherence was being stressed when someone said, "We to health reform that by these we are must train our young men to preach in sanctified. Now every true Adventist knows such a way that when they present the that any or all of these, good in themselves, truth the people will be able to understand can never be a ground for either justifica what they mean." tion or sanctification. The service we render "No, that©s not good enough," rejoined to the cause, the office we hold in the church, a veteran among the committee members. our standing in the community, or our strict "To be merely understood is not sufficient. adherence to certain principles these can We have to so train our men that when not be and never have been considered as they preach they cannot be misunderstood." a ground of hope or the means of our ac- OCTOBER, 1956 Page 13 ceptance by the Lord. Our compliance with When the human agents shall exercise their facul any ordinance or our faithfulness in any ties to acquire knowledge, to become deep-thinking service, no matter how important, is and men; when they, as the greatest witnesses for God and the truth, shall have won in the field of investi can be nothing other than an expression gation of vital doctrines concerning the salvation of or result of our love to Him, and the evi the soul, that glory may be given to the God of dence of the salvation that is already pro heaven as supreme, then even judges and kings will vided in Christ. be brought to acknowledge, in the courts of justice, We are complete only in Him "who of in parliaments and councils, that the God who made God is made unto us wisdom, and right the heavens and the earth is the only true and living eousness, and sanctification, and redemp God, the author of Christianity, the author of all tion"; so that "he that glorieth, let him glory truth, who instituted the seventh-day Sabbath when in the Lord" (1 Cor. 1:30,31). Righteousness the foundations of the world were laid, when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God by faith is one of the cardinal doctrines of shouted together for joy. All nature will bear testi our belief, and yet just what do we mean by mony, as designed, for the illustration of the word the term? What impression do our hearers of God. Fundamentals of Christian Education, pp. get when they hear us preach? There may 374, 375. be some who deliberately set themselves out to misunderstand our teachings and to Of the students in those ancient schools confuse the issue, but these would be a of the prophets we are told that "the knowl small minority. The great bulk of our edge they gained was of great service to fellow Christians are fair-minded and ready them when brought into strait places." to weigh the evidence, providing that evi How true that was in the days of Nebu dence is clear and understandable. chadnezzar! And we are warned that "his In this issue our Theological Seminary tory will be repeated; old controversies will here at headquarters is featured. What a arouse to new life, and peril will beset God©s splendid record this institution has! How people on every side." Testimonies to rich has been its contribution! And yet the Ministers, p. 116. Facing the great issues of accomplishments of the past are small as the future, our ministers surely need the compared with the opportunities for the training and inspiration this modern insti future. We have watched the Seminary tution affords. And those who teach are grow from its humble beginnings. Starting dedicated men and women. as an advanced Bible school it has de The acquiring of knowledge, the exer veloped within a few years to the place it cising of the faculties "to become deep- now occupies. This graduate school is in thinking men," learning to win "in the many ways a model of true education. Per field of investigation of vital doctrines con haps no institution of its size has a finer- cerning the salvation of the soul" these trained faculty than our Seminary here in are God-given responsibilities. And these Washington. This is a source of satisfaction, are the areas of study that challenge Sem but over and above the academic qualifica inary teacher and student alike. And what tions of the teaching staff is the absolute is the purpose of all such study? "That dedication of these teachers to their task glory may be given to the God of heaven the task of making preachers who under as supreme." This is and must ever be the God can make the truth plain. objective of our study. "Fear God, and give That command to make the message glory to him" is the very heart of God©s plain came to Habakkuk, one of the teach final message to a doomed world! ers in the ancient school of the prophets. Our great need today is for preachers And it is just as pertinent today. In the and teachers who can give that message in classrooms and in the field projects of this clarity and power and yet with winsome- modern school of the prophets are workers ness, for it must be a winning as well as a who may well be among those who will be warning message. To train men who called to stand before judges and kings "in know the truth, who live the truth, and the courts of justice, in parliaments and who preach that truth so clearly that those councils" to bear witness to the truth "that listening cannot misunderstand, yet so per the God who made the heavens and the suasively that people of all ranks will lis earth is the only true and living God." ten with respect and be led to yield to its We have quoted from one of the greatest claims this is the objective of our Sem statements ever penned by the messenger inary. God bless this noble institution! of the Lord. Here it is: R. A. A. Page 14 THE MINISTRY vy U FN ^ EL L rt&m the k

The Challenge of Intellectual and Spiritual Growth

"THE WORK of winning souls to Christ de qualifying ourselves intellectually to work for mands careful preparation. Men cannot enter God." Christ©s Object Lessons, pp. 333, 334. the Lord©s service without the needed training, "Ministers should devote time to reading, to and expect the highest success. Mechanics, law study, to meditation and prayer. They should yers, merchants, men of all trades and profes store the mind with useful knowledge, com sions, are educated for the line of business mitting to memory portions of Scripture, trac they hope to enter. It is their policy to make ing out the fulfilment of the prophecies, and themselves as efficient as possible. . . . Should the learning the lessons which Christ gave His dis servants of Christ show less diligence in prepar ciples. Take a book with you to read when ing for a work infinitely more important?" traveling. . . . Employ every spare moment in Gospel Workers, p. 92. doing something." Gospel Workers, pp. 278, "The more natural ability God has bestowed 279. upon an individual, . . . the greater his respon sibility to use his time and talents for the glory Need of Mental Culture of God. The rnind must not remain dormant. "Mental culture is what we as a people need, If it is not exercised in the acquisition of knowl and what we must have in order to meet the edge, there will be a sinking into ignorance, demands of the time. Poverty, humble origin, superstition, and fancy. If the intellectual fac and unfavorable surroundings need not prevent ulties are not cultivated as they should be to the cultivation of the mind. . . . glorify God, they will become strong and power "Difficulties will be met in all studies; but ful aids in leading to perdition." Testimonies, never cease through discouragement. Search, vol. 4, p. 443. study, and pray; face every difficulty manfully "Men of God must be diligent in study, ear and vigorously; call the power of will and the nest in the acquirement of knowledge, never grace of patience to your aid, and then dig wasting an hour. Through persevering exertion more earnestly till the gem of truth lies before they may rise to almost any degree of eminence you, plain and beautiful, all the more precious as Christians, as men of power and influence." because of the difficulties involved in finding Ibid.,-p. 411. it. Do not, then, continually dwell upon this "If God©s word were studied as it should be, one point, concentrating upon it all the ener men would have a breadth of mind, a nobility gies of the mind, and constantly urging it upon of character, and a stability of purpose that are the attention of others: but take another sub rarely seen in these times." Gospel Workers, ject, and carefully examine that. Thus mystery p. 249. after mystery will be unfolded to your compre "God requires the training of the mental hension. faculties. He designs that His servants shall pos "Two valuable victories will be gained by this sess more intelligence and clearer discernment course. You will not only secure useful knowl than the worldling, and He is displeased with edge, but the exercise of the mind will in those who are too careless or too indolent to crease your mental power. The key found to become efficient, well-informed workers. ... If unlock one mystery, may reveal also other pre placed under the control of His Spirit, the cious gems of knowledge heretofore undiscov more thoroughly the intellect is cultivated, the ered." Ibid., p. 280. more effectively it can be used in the service of "Some who have been preaching for years God. . . . The Lord desires us to obtain all the are content to confine themselves to a few sub education possible, with the object in view of jects, being too indolent to search the Scrip imparting our knowledge to others. . . . We tures diligently and prayerfully, that they may should not let slip even one opportunity of become giants in the understanding of Bible OCTOBER, 1956 Page 15 doctrines and the practical lessons of Christ. "He whose mind is enlightened by the open ©"j. he minds of all should be stored with a ing of God©s word to his understanding, will knowledge of the truths of God©s word, that realize his responsibility to God and to the they may be prepared, at any moment when world, and he will feel that his talents must be required, to present from the storehouse things developed in a way that will produce the very new and old. Minds have been crippled and best results. . . . While growing in grace and in dwarfed for want of zeal and earnest, severe a knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ, he will taxation. The time has come when God says, realize his own imperfections, he will feel his Go forward, and cultivate the abilities I have real ignorance, and he will seek constantly to given you. . . . The cause of God needs men preserve and put to the stretch his powers of of intellect, men of thought, men well versed mind." Counsels to Parents and Teachers, in the Scriptures, to meet the inflowing tide of p. 37. opposition. We should give no sanction to ar "If the worker has consecrated himself fully rogance, narrow-mindedness, and inconsistencies, to God, and is diligent in prayer for strength although the garment of professed piety may and heavenly wisdom, the grace of Christ will be thrown over them." Ibid., p. 281. be his teacher, and he will overcome his defects, and become more and more intelligent in the Self-improvement things of God. . . . "He who discerns the opportunities and priv "Above all other people on earth, the man ileges of his work will allow nothing to stand whose mind is enlightened by the word of God in the way of earnest endeavor for self-improv- will feel that he must give himself to greater ment. He will spare no pains to reach the diligence in the perusal of the Bible, and to highest standard of excellence." Education, a diligent study of the sciences; for his hope p. 281. and his calling are greater than any other." "You may become men of responsibility and Ibid., p. 510. influence if, by the power of your will, united "God alone can measure the powers of the with divine strength, you earnestly engage in human mind. It was not His design that man the work. Exercise the mental powers, and in should be content to remain in the lowlands no case neglect the physical. Let not intel of ignorance, but that he should secure all the lectual slothfulness close up your path to advantages of an enlightened, cultivated intel greater knowledge. Learn to reflect as well as lect. to study, that your minds may expand, strengthen, and develop. Never thinjk that you "Every one should feel that there rests upon have learned enough and that you may now re him an obligation to reach the height of in lax your efforts. The cultivated mind is the tellectual greatness. . . . measure of the man. Your education should "Having entered the school of Christ, the stu continue during your lifetime; every day you dent is prepared to engage in the pursuit of should be learning and putting to practical use knowledge without becoming dizzy from the the knowledge gained." Testimonies, vol. 4, p. height to which he is climbing." Gospel Work 561. ers, p. 279. "Far more might be accomplished in the "Cultivated intellects are now needed in work of self-education if we were awake to our every part of the work of God; for novices can own opportunities and privileges. . . . Let not do the work acceptably in unfolding the the mind be trained and disciplined to wres hidden treasure to enrich souls. God has devised tle with hard problems in the search for divine that schools shall be an instrumentality for de truth. veloping workers for Jesus Christ of whom He "Those who hunger for knowledge that they will not be ashamed, and this object must ever may bless their fellow men will themselves be kept in view. The height man may reach receive blessing from God. Through the study by proper culture has not hitherto been re of His word their mental powers will be aroused alized. We have among us more than an aver to earnest activity. There will be an expansion age of men of ability." Testimonies to Min and development of the faculties, and the mind isters, p. 195. will acquire power and efficiency." Christ©s Ob "While we are to preach the gospel to the ject Lessons, p. 334. poor, we are also to present it in its most at "An ordinary mind, well disciplined, will ac tractive light to those who have ability and complish more and higher work than will the talent, and make far more wise, determined, most highly educated mind and the greatest God-fearing efforts than have hitherto been talents without self-control." Ibid., p. 335. made, to win them to the truth. Page 16 THE MINISTRY "But in order to do this all the workers will godlikeness is the goal to be reached.. Before have to keep themselves up to a high level of the student there is opened a path of continual intelligence. They cannot do this work and sink progress. He has an object to achieve, a stand down to a low, common level, feeling that it ard to attain, that includes everything good, does not much matter how they labor or what and pure, and noble. He will advance as fast they say, since they are working for the poor and as far as possible in every branch of true and ignorant classes. They will have to sharpen knowledge." Education, p. 18. up, and be armed and equipped in order to "Perseverance in the acquisition of knowl present the truth intelligently and to reach the edge, controlled by the fear and love of God, higher classes." Evangelism, pp. 555, 556. will give the youth increased power for good in "Never should a young minister rest satis this life; and those who make the most of their fied with a superficial knowledge of the truth, opportunities to reach high attainments will for he knows not where he may be required to take these attainments with them into the future bear witness for God. Many will have to stand life. They have sought and obtained that which before kings and before the learned of the is imperishable. The ability to appreciate the earth, to answer for their faith." Gospel Work glories that ©eye hath not seen, nor ear heard© ers, p. 93. (1 Cor. 2:9), will be proportionate to the at "Higher than the highest human thought can tainments reached." Counsels to Parents and reach is God©s ideal for His children. Godliness Teachers, p. 513.

New Roadside Signs Now in Use

THE NEW Seventh-day Adventist roadside signs are already beginning to appear along the streets and highways of the United States and Canada, Because the recognition value of any one sign is en hanced by others a person may see, we urge all our The SEVENTH-DAY churches to take action soon so that the value of repetition may build up as quickly as possible. Letters to the public relations department of i field organizations and the General Conference ADYENTIST indicate a real enthusiasm for this project on the part of many who have traveled widely in past years without seeing any indication of Seventh-day Adventist churches anywhere. CHURCH With the low prices made possible by large-scale production, even the smallest churches can now af ford to "stand up and be counted" in this effective way. As indicated in information in the hands of all our pastors, the postpaid prices range from $3.44 for the regular size without Scotchlite to $20.80 for a larger size with the Scotchlite treatment. Canadian pastors have special price information for that field. New production schedules will get signs off to the churches within two weeks from the time the order reaches the factory. Artist©s drawing of the new roadside sign. Predominant color is a new light-fast blue HOWARD B. WEEKS with contrasting white background. Imprint Secretary, General Conference panels below provide for city name and/or Bureau of Public Relations church address. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 17 DEPARTMENT OF OLD TESTAMENT

The Riddle on the Wall

ALGER F. JOHNS Instructor in Old Testament

[Instead of providing an article for this section, Dr. Sieg question, one or more of them could have read fried H. Horn, who is head of this department in the Semi nary, has written an interesting article about the most recent any script then extant. of the Seminary Extension Schools. See page 24, and also photographs on pages 26 and 27.] From the Biblical record of the words them selves, as recorded in Daniel 5:25-28, it seems ORE than a hundred years before Bel- probable if not almost certain that these words shazzar©s riotous feast and the fall of were written in the lingua franca of that day, M Babylon, Inspiration had foretold that the Aramaic language (as indeed the whole of "the night of ... pleasure" 1 would suddenly chapter 5 was written in Aramaic). be turned into a time of fear. Even casual The solution to the problem of the nature of readers of the Scriptures are usually acquainted the handwriting on the wall seems to be found with the Bible record of Belshazzar©s last great in verse 12 of this chapter. It is stated that feast. However, Bible students and commenta "knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of tors have long puzzled over the recorded fact dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dis that neither the king nor the wise men of Baby solving of doubts, were found in the same Dan lon could "read the writing" 2 on the wall. iel." The expression rendered in the K.J.V. The Bible states clearly that the drunken "shewing of hard sentences," reads in Aramaic, king and his lords could see the mysterious "interpreting of riddles," and the phrase trans handwriting upon the wall, but there is no lated in the K.J.V. "dissolving of doubts," is in reason given in the Scriptures as to why they Aramaic, "loosening [or "dissolving"] of dif could not read what they saw. Any explanation, ficult tasks [literally, "knots" or "joints"]." s therefore, must be to a certain extent only con Evidently that mysterious hand wrote a divine jecture. riddle on the wall in the presence of the doomed It does seem, however, highly improbable that king. The fear-stricken feasters could not read God would choose to employ some type of script any meaning into the riddle set before their never before seen upon the earth and known eyes. only to Daniel, by which to write this important Keeping in mind that the written Aramaic message. It is even more improbable that the language of that time (as well as the Hebrew) script used could be that of some language used only the consonants and no vowels,4 the known upon earth but unknown to all the writing on the wall as recorded in Daniel 5:25 wise men of Babylon, for it must be remem would be MN©, MN©, TQL, WPHRSYN B (with bered that these men had received the best edu vowels, upharsiri). Though the letters and the cation available in their day, and, without words were visible, the hurriedly summoned

The Aramaic and Hebrew orthography employed in the time of Belshazzar would not be the soolled square script so familiar to Hebrew students, but would be a script closely related to that depicted here, reading, of course, from right to left. Page 18 THE MINISTRY wise men of Babylon, with all their fund of "divided" and strangely enough, has the human wisdom, were also unable to read into additional meaning, when read paras, of "Per them any meaning. These four fiery words re sia," or "the Persians." Daniel used both of mained visible for some time, for we read in these latter meanings in interpreting the mes Prophets and Kings, page 530, "The hand that sage to the king. He said, "Thy kingdom is had traced the characters was no longer visible, divided, and given to the Medes and Per but these four words were still gleaming forth sians." u with terrible distinctness; and now with bated Thus we see in this story of divine providence breath the people listened!© waiting for Daniel that the fiery riddle on the wall, though unin to interpret them. telligible gibberish to the drunken throng, was, Undoubtedly the reason that these four words under divine interpretation, a clear message to could be seen, and yet not be read, was the fact the debauched king and his lords that Babylon that each of the words could be combined with had come to her end and was immediately to be different vowels to have at least two or even succeeded by the next great world empire on more possible meanings. As the vast throng the stage of history. milled about not knowing what the words meant, the most likely reading to occur to the mind of REFERENCES all would be to read them as three common lisa. 21:4. 2 Dan. 5:8. weights employed in Babylon at that time. Thus, 3 See SDA Bible Commentary, on Daniel 5:12. * The SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 1, pp. 25, 26. reading the words with these commonly used 5 The transliteration for Aramaic here employed is the vowels, MN' would be read mene'—a mina; same as that used for Hebrew in the SDA Bible Commentary. 6 The same proto-Seroitic sound that became t in Hebrew TQL would be teqel—a. shekel;* and PRS had the possibility of becoming sfi in Aramaic. 7 For the value of these weights see SDA Bible Commen would be peres—a half shekel.7 However, nat tary, vol. 1. p. 164. ural and logical as such a reading might be, it s Dan. 5:26. » Dan. 5:27. would not make any sense to the bewildered 10 See also SDA Bible Commentary, on Daniel 5:28. throng. It would be as though, in modern times, 11 Dan. 5:28. the hand would write a message using modern weights, saying, "A pound, a pound, an ounce, and drams." If the handwriting on the wall would make THE TEST no sense when read as common weights, then what could it mean? The riddle written by the CARLYLE STRAUB Divine Watcher could only be interpreted by insight given from Heaven, and indeed that was The test of a man is the fight he makes, just what was given to the prophet Daniel. After The grit that he daily shows; The way he stands on his feet and takes first rebuking Belshazzar for opportunities Fate©s numerous bumps and blows. wasted, the aged prophet easily and without A coward can smile when there©s naught to any hesitation read the riddle to the throng fear, and then interpreted it. When nothing his progress bars; The word mene' besides meaning a weight But it takes a man to stand and cheer a mina—also meant "numbered," from the While the other fellow stars. Aramaic verb menah or mena', and Daniel It isn©t the victory after all, read the word that way, and added in interpre But the fight a brother makes; The man who, driven against the wall, tation, "God hath numbered thy kingdom, and Still stands erect and takes finished it." s Teqel besides being read teqel— The blows of fate with his head held high, a shekel could also be read as the passive Bleeding and bruised and pale, participle teqil—"weighed," and the prophet of Is the man who©ll win and fate defy, God so read it and interpreted it to mean, For he isn©t afraid to fail. "Thou are weighed in the balances, and art It©s the hurdles you mount and the breaks found wanting." * you get, The third word upharsin is in the plural, IN And the shocks your courage stands; being the Aramaic plural ending. The U is The hour of sorrow and vain regret, For the prize that escapes your hands, simply the Aramaic word for and, and following That test your mettle and prove your worth; a vowel sound, P in that language becomes It isn©t the blows you deal, PH. This accounts for the difference between But the blows you take on this good old earth, the UPHARSIN of Daniel 5:25 and the PERES That show if your stuff is real. of verse 28. The word PRS besides meaning peres—a half shekel—could also be read peris OCTOBER, 1956 Page 19 DEPARTMENT OF NEW TESTAMENT

The Importance of New Testament Greek

ROLAND E. LOASBY Professor of New Testament Creek

INTIMATE knowledge of the Greek is flock are responsible to disclose this valuable not a sine qua non for the minister material to their congregations. A of the gospel. However, to assert that Europe awoke from the Dark Ages with the a sound insight into the language of his profes Greek New Testament in her hand, with the sion is an asset of prime value to the gospel result that the world was spiritually resuscitated. worker is to make a statement that is accepted That Book has the same dynamic power in this by unbiased people. The moral of the following age. The words of Erasmus in the Preface to his quotation is applicable to our situation today: edition of the Greek New Testament are true Every precursor of the Protestant Reformation, today: and every leading Protestant Reformer, was either These holy pages will summon up the living im the disciple of a Greek or of some scholar who had age o£ His mind. They will give you Christ Himself, been taught by a Greek. talking, healing, dying, rising, the whole Christ in a The well-known watchword of Romish intoler word: They will give Him to you in an intimacy so ance, "Cave a Graecis ne fias haereticus" contained, close that He would be less visible to you if He stood and still contains, a most suggestive meaning. before your eyes. "I am not aLutheran," asid Zwingle, "for I knew Greek before I ever heard mention of Luther©s Practical Advantages name." "To know Greek," adds Merle d©Aubigne, Here are a few of the practical advantages "was the basis of the Reformation." 1 that a minister who reads his Greek New Testa Some speak against the study of New Testa ment enjoys: ment Greek, "since," they say, "we have such 1. Authority. The Greek New Testament is an abundance of helps." But the truth is that one of the two truly authoritative bases of our these very supports enhance the true worth of beliefs. In the final analysis, every point of truth immediate recourse to the Greek of the New we hold is to be founded on God©s original doc Testament. Within the past few decades the uments. The Old Testament is authenticated by Greek New Testament has been revivified. Im the New; doctrines must be established by the portant discoveries are now embodied in new original Word. grammars, lexicons, and expository dictionaries. 2. Spiritual and psychological balance; i.e., a These splendid accomplishments make a famil poise and self-possession in knowledge such as iarity with the New Testament Greek more the Bible teacher can get from no other source. satisfying, more important, and more illuminat In addition to this personal composure, the ing certainly not less necessary. worker wins the confidence of those who listen We are living in an age of investigation in all to him to a fuller and larger degree than is fields pertaining to the Word of God. The his otherwise possible. torical scenes of the Bible accounts are being 3. Deeper insight into the message of the searched for every mite of evidence relating to New Testament. This means a ministry raised to the historicity of the Book. Many scholars of a higher plane of efficiency, better equipped rank are devoted to an intensive search for to unfold the message to the educated classes. evidence. A tremendous amount of material This is an achievement of supreme importance, has been uncovered and awaits translation and for educated people are language conscious. interpretation. Men of the Book, professional In seeking to excuse his ignorance of the men engaged in interpreting the Word of life original words of God©s Book, one may hear a to souls in need of salvation, should not be so minister irrelevantly say, "Spurgeon broke gram ignorant of the language of their text that they mar, but he also broke hearts." But we should cannot appreciate and evaluate the worth of the not overlook the fact that Spurgeon did not evidences brought to light. Shepherds of the break hearts because he broke grammar, but Page 20 THE MINISTRY in spite of that. Moreover, despite an insuffi found in the expressions of their theology. cient schooling in his younger years, he made Generally, a theology is best characterized by its himself efficient in both Hebrew and Greek. conception of sin. How many of us know that Another excuse made at times is that "sticking there is a numerous group of generic words for to the Greek spoils originality in sermons." sin in the Greek New Testament, excluding Such a statement is just the opposite of truth. specific names for certain sinful acts? Sin is a A scholarly appreciation of Hebrew and Greek terribly important matter that the preacher did not preclude originality in the sermons of should be able to make plain. Inevitably the Spurgeon, G. Campbell Morgan, J. H. Jowett, language of the New Testament must be its and many other great preachers; neither did it own authority in respect to sin, as with every make their sermons stiff or heavy. John Knox other doctrine; and the diagnosis of the New studied Greek when more than fifty years of age; Testament doctrine of sin can scarcely be made his example should encourage men today. Lan unless it is understood in its numerous aspects guage phobia is not a recommendation for any and regarded in its many-sidedness. one. The various Greek words employed stress sin The standard of general education is steadily as missing the mark; as disobedience to a call, being made broader and higher. The average voice, or injunction; as nonacquiescence to a man is much more inclined to question the definite law; as failure to carry out to comple foundations of religious belief than was his tion some designated task. An active or a passive counterpart of sixty years ago. It is becoming disobedience may be contemplated; a with increasingly clear that the teacher and preacher holding from God that which is truly His; or, of the Word must be a specialist. The lawyer, definite impiety against God. The aspects of the doctor, the engineer, must know the lan sin are numerous; the Greek New Testament guage, the terms, and the meanings of the is precise in its use of words to portray the vocabulary of his profession. The minister of particular lesson involved. The minister of the the gospel, a professional man, should not be gospel should not limp behind the educated less zealous and conscientious in becoming con men of other professions in his understanding versant with the expressions, words, and phrases of the language of his textbook he must be given him by the Holy Spirit in the language of prepared to satisfy the deepest -interest that the the New Testament. whole human race shares. Again, there are eight different Greek words Importance of the Greek Article in the New Testament, each one of which is at Nothing in the New Testament is so small times translated "judgment" in the English that it is insignificant. Even the definite article, Bibles. The minister of the Word ought to be associated with gesture an index finger very sure that he is giving the correct idea. This should not be handled loosely. Matthew 4:5 is word "judgment" in English may be the trans an instance of leaving out the definite Greek lation of unlike Greek words that mean a article, so that the K.J.V. reads "a pinnacle," judgment stated, the active carrying out of a whereas the Greek says "the pinnacle" the very judgment or sentence, a court of judgment, an point bearing the name "Winglet," the only one opinion, advice, purpose, an estimate. Of these that overlooks the abyss into which the devil Greek words, each with its own peculiar mean tempted Jesus to throw Himself. ing, one may be used only once, or ten times, or John 4:27 is an instance of inserting the def thirty or even more than four hundred times inite article in the English where the Greek does in the Greek New Testament. As a minister not have it. We read, "He talked with the one has the responsibility of making proper woman." The Greek gays, "He talked with a discrimination. woman." To converse with a woman in a public There are six different Greek words trans place was not consonant with the grave dignity lated "servant" in English. Do we point out the of a rabbi. An ancient rabbinical precept stated, differences in meaning, elucidating the correct "Let no one talk with a woman in the street, no, spiritual lesson in each case? Do we know which not with his own wife." 2 The apostles were word emphasizes the position and dignity of the astounded, not that He was talking with that master? which void stresses the worth and value particular woman, but that Christ conversed of the service rendered to the master? Do we with any woman in public. know which word designates the servant who ministers the things of the church, and which Word Pictures one specifies the one who ministers the Word Words are the truest picture of the soul. The itself? Are we acquainted with the fact that very heart of a people©s theological thinking is "servant" in one case in the New Testament OCTOBER, 1956 Page 21 means a medical attendant, and is the modern Greek, apostolos might refer to a person. Thus Greek word for doctor? Josephus (Antiquities xvii. 11. 1) uses it of am Language is the sign of intellectual life; bassadors sent by the Jews to Rome. speech is the sincerest portrait of a people©s None of these usages, however, appears to soul. The Koine Greek became the world shed light directly on the origin of the word speech when Alexander the Great united the "apostle" in early Christianity. Paul is the first Greek and Persian empires. This international New Testament writer to use the word (1 Thess. language was God©s missionary gift to the 2:6), and for him it was already a technical church. The spirit and heart of the message of term designating a specific group of men per Jesus Christ are enshrined in this Koine Greek forming with authority generally recognized of the New Testament. Ministers of the Word functions in the church (see 1 Cor. 4:9; 9:1, 2). need to know the spirit and heart of that mes The fact that in this very earliest Christian lit sage. erature such a specific meaning of the word al ready was taken for granted suggests that it REFERENCES probably had some earlier authoritative inau 1 GEORGE BENEDICT WINEE, A Grammar of the New Testa ment Diction (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1860), pp. viii, ix. guration. Writing in Greek, years after Jesus© 2 Abath R. If. 2 (Id), cited in Hermann L. Strack and Paul death, Luke and John used the word "apostle." Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament (Munich: C. H. Beck©sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1922), vol. 2, p. 438. Thus Luke declares that "he chose twelve, whom also he named [Gr. onomasen] apostles" (Luke 6:13). This would seem to indicate that Jesus gave to the twelve a designation in Ara Apostles in the Early Church maic that was equivalent to the Greek apostolos and formed the immediate basis for its later EARLE HILGERT use by the church. In Luke 11:49 and John 13: Assistant Professor of New Testament Literature 16 apostolos again is used in quoting Jesus© words. Thus the office of apostle in the early T IS a commonplace of New Testament church apparently stems from Jesus© ordination I study that the word "apostle" means "one and commission of the twelve disciples. who is sent." Beyond this, it is also interesting In naming His disciples "apostles," Jesus to know that this word, and probably also the probably used the Aramaic word shelicha', the office it designates, have a colorful background equivalent of the Hebrew participle, shaluach, that throws light on the function of the Chris "sent." This is suggested by the fact that in the tian apostles in the early church. LXX of 1 (3) Kings 14:6, the prophet Ahijah The Greek word apostolos, "apostle," is a calls himself an apostolos to the_ wife of Jero compound from the preposition apo, "off," boam; here the LXX translators rendered the "away," and stello, "to send." Thus it means, Hebrew shaluach by the Greek noun apostolos. literally, one that is "sent off" on a mission. In Although this can hardly be considered a tech classical Greek it was frequently connected with nical usage, it has nevertheless much the same the sending off of a ship or a naval expedition, sense that apostolos has in several passages in and it was also used for the commander of a the New Testament (see John 13:16; Phil. 2:25; squadron and for an ambassador. These two Heb. 3:1) the general sense of one sent on a general applications, to things and to persons, mission, rather than that of a specific group of carried over into Hellenistic, or Koine, Greek. men carrying out official duties. Furthermore, Thus an Egyptian papyrus from the second or the New Testament in Syriac, a language closely third century A.D. speaks of the logos apostolou related to the Aramaic of Jesus© day, translates Triadelphou, "the account of the ship of Tria- the Greek apostolos as shelicha'. Therefore it delphus." The papyri also show that from the seems reasonable to conclude that Jesus and His ship itself the meaning of the word was trans followers probably drew on Jewish backgrounds ferred to its cargo, for that also was "sent." Not for their use of apostolos. only was the cargo called apostolos, but also the documents that represented the ship and its Technical Use Among the Jews cargo, so that the word might refer to an order These words appear to have had a technical for the dispatch of a vessel, a bill of lading, or use among the Jews, as well as among Chris even an export license (see H. G. Liddell and tians. Rabbinical literature uses the term R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, vol. 1, p. shaluach (or shaliacK) of various authoritative 220; J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The messengers. Justin Martyr (c. A.D. 146) says that Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, p. the Jews sent messengers throughout the world 70). At the same time, in Koine as in classical telling blasphemies against Christ {Dialogue Page 22 THE MINISTRY With Trypho xvii, cviii). The existence of such apostles may be reflected as early as the first century in the assurances of the Roman Jews to Paul that no one had come to Rome with a bad 30% MORE report about him (Acts 28:21). Eusebius, the fourth-century church historian, declares that SEATING CAPACITY writings already ancient in his day recorded with American Seating©s that trie Jewish priests and elders sent men all NEW Folding Chair! over the world to warn their people against Christianity. He goes on to call these Jews "apos tles," and says that in his own time they traveled throughout the Dispersion with encyclical let ters (Commentaria in Isaiam xviii. 1, 2). Epi- phanius (c. A.D. 400) records that these "apos tles" sat in the highest councils of the Jews and traveled among the Jews outside Palestine re storing peace to disorderly congregations and collecting tithes and first fruits functions that have striking parallels with the apostolate of Paul (see Acts 11:27-30; Rom. 15:25-28; 1 Cor. 16:1; Epiphanius Adversus Haeresis, lib. i, torn, ii, Haer. xxx. 4, 11). The Theodosian Code (A.D. 438) remarks: It is part of this worthless superstition that the Jews have chiefs of their synagogues, or elders, or persons whom they call apostles, who are appointed by the patriarch at a certain season to collect gold Greatest advance in folding chairs and silver. xvi. 8. 14; translation in A. Harnack, in 25 years! Independent-fold seat The Mission and Expansion of Christianity, vol. 1, saves nine inches back-to-back p. 329. spacing over conventional folding chairs! Although the word apostolos does not appear Upholstered spring-arch seat for in connection with these Jewish emissaries be luxurious comfort. Wide choice of fore the report of Eusebius, and it cannot be upholstery colors and materials, and proved that they existed in New Testament frame colors. Safe, silent, long serv times, the evidence strongly suggests that they ice. Handle between chairs for easy handling. did, and that they were called by the term The most complete line of fold shaluach (or, shaliach) in Hebrew, and by its ing chairs, with the greatest use- counterpart in Greek, apostolos. If this is true, value in every price bracket. Let us it makes more understandable how Jesus and demonstrate soon. His followers took both a term and an institu Other models also available in tion that were familiar to their times, and gave these seat styles birch plywood, them a distinctly Christian adaptation and usage shaped steel, imitation leather up for the upbuilding and glory of the kingdom of holstery. Accessories. Also storage God. trucks. BIBLIOGRAPHT Mail coupon below today HARNACK, A. The Mission and Expansion of Christianity, vol. 1, pp. 319-331. KITTEL, G., ed. Theologisches Worterbuch zum Neuen Tes- lament,iment, vol. 1, pp. 414-431. AMERICAN i STRACK, H. L., and P. BILLER_EEOK, Komm, SEATING \ Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch, vol. \3, pp. 2-4. American Seating Company, Dept. 166-F Grand Rapids 2, Michigan Please send full information on complete THEOLOGICAL BOOKS American Seating Folding-Chair line. SECONDHAND Careful attention given to all requests. Send us your list of books wanted. Catalogs issued. Street SCHULTE©S BOOK STORE, INC. 80-82 Fourth Avenue, N.Y.C. 3, N.Y. City and Zone State

OCTOBER, 1956 Page 23 SEMINARY EXTENSION SCHOOLS

Ninth Extension School Held in the Far East

SIEGFRIED H. HORN Professor of Archeology and History of Antiquity

OR eight Weeks from March 19 to May retary. I can truthfully say that I have never 12 Philippine Union College at Manila found a finer team of associates; all were fully F was host to a field school for workers from determined to do everything possible to make all over the far-flung lands of the Far Eastern the school a success, and God©s Spirit was felt Division. This school was conducted by a teach from the beginning to the end, resting upon this ing team from the parent Seminary at Wash earnest group of workers. ington, D.C. It was the ninth such school held The student group represented the whole Far since 1948, when the first experiment was made Eastern Division, as can be seen from the list to bring the Seminary right into an overseas of countries and numbers of workers in attend division. The eight previous schools were held ance: in Northern and Southern Europe, South and Formosa 2 Penang 1 Inter-America, Southern Africa, and Southern Hong Kong 3 Philippines 137 Indo-China 1 Singapore 2 Asia. Each of them has provided experiences by Indonesia 10 Thailand 1 which successive schools have become more Japan 8 West New Guinea 1 profitable. This can also be seen from the in Korea i creased attendance. It was my privilege to take Total 167 part in two earlier schools, each of which was The Philippines, where our work is strongest attended by about 70 workers, while this last in membership, having a constituency of more one was attended by 167 students, topping the than 50,000, naturally sent the largest dele enrollment of every other school held so far. gation. However, the representations of other The teaching team was comprised of Walter countries made our school truly international. Schubert, associate secretary of the General It was a wonderful experience for all these men Conference Ministerial Association, who gave to live and study together for eight weeks, and a strong course in Evangelistic Procedures and many expressions of appreciation were heard another in Pastoral Ministry; Arthur L. White, from those who attended. Because of the po secretary of the Ellen G. White Publications, litical conditions in the Far East, some of our who in his course in Prophetic Guidance un workers had considerable difficulty in obtain folded God©s leadership in the Advent Move ing travel documents, but in more than one ment; Irene Wakeham, who, besides serving as instance the Lord©s hand was seen in the work registrar, also taught a course in Voice and ing out of their problems. Diction. And, in the course in Archeology and The students of this school formed a good the Bible, I presented the archeological evidence cross section of the working force of the Advent that provides background for the historical parts Movement in the Orient. There were presi of the Old Testament and creates confidence in dents of mission fields; ordained and licensed its veracity. I also acted as director of the school ministers working as pastors and evangelists and was assisted by Reuben G. Manalaysay, of large districts containing many churches; president of Philippine Union College, and by departmental secretaries; editors; teachers of col L. E. Smart, educational secretary of the Far leges and academies; business managers of insti Eastern Division. To these two men the school tutions; and physicians and dentists. Their back owes much of its success, because housing, feed grounds and past experiences were just as varied ing, and other detail work were efficiently and as their nationalities. There were men who had smoothly handled by them and their helpers in been in prison, and one who had been tortured the dormitories, culinary department, library, severely during the last war, as well as the and office. A. A. Alcaraz served as study super Japanese worker who was instrumental during visor and assisted in the reading of papers and the last days of the war in saving Philippine tests, and Mrs. Esperanza Valdez was the sec- Union College from being destroyed by the Page 24 THE MINISTRY military occupation forces. Practically every of the Holy Spirit as the principal agent in one had seen the ravages of war, had heard the soul winning was strongly emphasized. Much scream of falling bombs and the wails of the time was spent in studying how to approach maimed or dying victims of modern warfare. certain religious groups in order to avoid rais All of them had a strong desire to save the lost ing unnecessary prejudices against our church. among the teeming millions of the Orient, but The problems and different aspects of evange also a keen sense of insufficiency for this stu lism were candidly discussed with an enthusi pendous task, and a burning urge to study asm that gave to all the students of this course earnestly and to learn, in order to become more a firm and irresistible determination to go out useful and efficient. victoriously to win the battle of evangelism, and an ardent desire to bring more people into Organisation of the Classwork the truth. Several who have been laboring in Because of the great number of students and other branches of our work were so inspired the government regulations with regard to the that they expressed a desire to change over to size of classes, the whole student group was direct soul-winning endeavors. divided into three approximately equal sections. Stepping into the class in Prophetic Guidance, This forced every instructor to present his sub conducted by Arthur White, a grandson of ject three times, resulting in heavy teaching James and Ellen White, one could find an in loads. These, however, were cheerfully borne teresting discussion of the broad work done by by all concerned. The daily program began Ellen White during her fruitful life of seventy with worship in the dormitories at 6:00 A.M. years of service. It was pointed out that for Four classes were conducted every morning every six years she devoted to service in the from Monday through Friday. In addition to United States, she labored one year overseas. the classwork, a chapel hour was held each Visions were given her not only in America, school day from 9:00 to 10:00 A.M. followed by but also in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, prayer bands or testimony meetings. Supervised Sweden, England, Italy, France, Australia, study was scheduled in the afternoons and eve and New Zealand. Thus the gift of prophecy, nings. Although the program was rigid and with its instruction given in the environments strenuous and came during the hottest season of and circumstances of different lands, cannot the year, all entered into it wholeheartedly and be looked upon as largely confined to any one willingly, and maintained an excellent spirit part of the world, but must be considered uni and discipline throughout the eight weeks. versal in its practical application of the mes In the Pastoral Ministry class, taught by Wal sages bestowed to encourage, instruct, correct, ter Schubert, consideration was given to the and inform a worldwide church. The discus following points: the origin and objectives of sion then turned to the human-interest phase the church; the divine calling and responsibil of Ellen White©s life and work, as the class dis ities of the pastor as a shepherd in accordance cussed her experience in the home and com with the Bible and the Spirit of prophecy; the munity. She was seen as a mother with her chil pastor©s private and family life and his need for dren in the home, busy with cooking, washing prayer and study; and the different facets of and ironing, sewing, gardening, and the receiv pastoral ethics. Special emphasis was given to ing and entertaining of many visitors. In this the study of true worship in our church serv way the operation of the prophetic gift in the ices, and considerable time was spent in dis Seventh-day Adventist Church was illuminated cussion concerning pastoral visitation .and the from many angles, and every student felt that art of constructive counseling for solving prob he had become personally acquainted with her lems and avoiding apostasies. Also the rela and her work. Everyone was convinced that tion of the pastor to the conference and other these studies were most beneficial to each organizations was discussed. This course un worker. doubtedly will result in healthier churches, a In the chapel periods additional material was greater spirituality, and a more efficient min presented by the teachers and guest speakers. istry, as well as a richer harmony and uniform Pastor White showed by many examples and ity in our organizational system. stories how God has led His people through In the Evangelism class Pastor Schubert most crises and perplexities by means of His chosen enthusiastically presented the problems of servant, Ellen White. Pastor Schubert gave evangelization in view of the urgency of the two series of studies on the organization of the time in which we live. Soul winning, called a church and on the minister©s private and pub science by the messenger of the Lord, was han lic life. The writer showed in a series of lectures dled as such in the class, while the key position {Continued on page 49} OCTOBER, 1956 Page 25 Manila Extension 1. Faculty and staff. First row: Walter Secretary, General Conference Ministerial A and instructor; Arthur White, instructoj Publications. Second row: Mrs. Esperai Manalaysay, assistant director; L. E. Sm Alcaraz, instructional secretary; Irene Wak 2. New administration building, Philippic classes were held. 3. Students at study ia i in one of his characteristically energetic A class. 6. Dr. Horn in class. 7. Miss Wafcd Formosa and Hong Kong. 8. Dr. Manalai ment address. 9, 10. Dr. Horn presenting d graduating class and part of the audience.

THE MINISTRY i School

Schubert, instructor, Associate Lssociation; S. H. Horn, director r, Secretary, Ellen G. White iza Valdez, secretary; R. G. lart, assistant director; A. A. eham, registrar and instructor. ; Union College, in which our the library. 4. Pastor Schubert tapel talks. 5. Pastor White in iam registering students from ?say delivering the commence- liplomas to graduates, 11. The

OCTOBER, 1956 Page 27 DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY AND CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY

What Is Truth?

WILLIAM G. MURDOCH Professor of Systematic Theology

HEN Christ was in the judgment hall, are forsaken and a new trail of liberty is blazed. Pilate asked Him the question, "What Certain followers of religious traditions, how Wis truth?" ever, will not allow their theories to be brought Pilate had a desire to know the truth. His mind to any other test than that of the fathers of the was confused. He eagerly grasped the words of the church. The Council of Trent expressly con Saviour, and his heart was stirred with a great demned all interpretations of the Bible "which longing to know what it really was, and how he contradict the past and present interpretation could obtain it. "What is truth?" he inquired. But of the Church." 3 He who is bound by the chains he did not wait for an answer.1 of tradition is not free, and is therefore not in How many there are like Pilate, who allow possession of the truth, because the truth makes the pressing duties of the present to absorb their one free. attention to the exclusion of the great eternal The psychologist may answer, "All that is realities! Because of the noise and the clamor necessary to arrive at truth is to follow in outside, the whisperings of the "still small voice" stinct." To appeal to instinct, however, as a go unheeded and. are soon silenced. Christ, the guide to truth, is to make the physical domi truth personified, was standing before the Ro nate the rational and spiritual. Instinctive ac man governor, whose mind was so darkened tions are frequently in conflict with one another. that he could not comprehend. When this situation occurs, to what tribunal While the living Word, the divine Logos, is can we go for a referendum if instinct is the not here in person today, we may have contin final court of appeal? Again, instinct is condi- ual companionship with Him as He speaks to us tionable and is easily influenced by environ through His written word. As the living Logos ment. Truth, on the other hand, stands alone is the truth, so the written Logos contains the and is independent of circumstances. truth. In this written revelation the truth is Feelings and emotions are frequently put unfolded only to those who in humility of heart forth as a true guide. Emotion has its place in are willing to accept its messages in simple religion and in life, but to exalt it as a criterion faith. "Without an understanding of the Scrip for truth is to wrest it from its proper sphere. tures it is impossible ... to understand what is Emotional responses frequently lead to all kinds truth." 2 of excesses and abuses. When emotion runs To those who ask today, "What is truth?" riot, then trouble ensues. there come a multitude of voices in response. Ask the theologian and he may tell you that The Pragmatic Answer truth is determined by the teaching of the When confronted with this question, the edu Church Fathers. To him, tradition is the test of cator may reply that truth is determined by its truth, the criterion by which the tenets of all practical efficiency in meeting a designated pur religious belief must be judged. This teaching pose. In other words, that which functions exalts tradition above divine revelation. To satisfactorily is true. Truth, to him, depends not make tradition a test of truth is to say that upon that which is inherent in itself but upon because a doctrine has been honored for many its results. John Dewey enunciated this theory: generations it must be right. Should such rea The hypothesis that works is the true one; and soning be followed to the ultimate, progress truth is an abstract noun applied to the collection would be impossible. On the contrary, progress of cases, actual, foreseen and desired, that receive is often made when long-established customs confirmation in their works and consequences.4 Page 28 THE MINISTRY Such reasoning is not only fallacious but looking for light; many in the maze of error often soul-destroying. For example: since a life are asking, "From whence doth the light of of stealing without being discovered is profit truth shine?" If these would come to Him who is able for the thief, the conclusion, according to the Truth and to His revelation in His blessed the pragmatic argument, would be that stealing Book, their minds would find rest and their is a correct form of behavior. It is clear that souls would be satisfied. consequences alone cannot be considered as a The Bible unfolds truth with a simplicity and a final test of the truth or falsity of a given prop perfect adaptation to the needs and longings of the osition. Final results of truth are always satis human heart, that has astonished and charmed the factory, but in this life error is often "on the most highly cultivated minds, while it enables the humble and uncultured to discern the way of salva throne" and truth "upon the scaffold." History tion.10 is replete with examples of noble men and women who, rather than to deny the truth, REFERENCES have made the supreme sacrifice, while others 1 ELLEN G. WHITE, The Desire of Ages, p. 727. - WHITE, Counsels to Parents and Teachers, p. 427. who have catered to public opinion have been s Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2, p. 545. * JOHN DEWEY, Reconstruction in Philosophy, Enlarged lauded as heroes. j:»:__ T>__i___ T)-___ n___ inyto __ lef ,K3 The scientist says that truth can be demon strated in the laboratory. There is no doubt 1955 p. 42. 6 HOMER DUBS, Rational Induction. Chicago: University of that the scientific method occupies a valuable Chicago Press, 1930, p. 27. and important place in the discovery of truth. ©Heb. 1:1,2. 8 Amos 3:7. A brief survey, however, of the history of science »Isa. 8:20. emphasizes the fact that the concepts of scien 10 WHITE, Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 700. tists have undergone drastic changes, and that the so-called truths of yesteryear have been proved false by new discoveries not known to Daniel S:14 in Perspective our predecessors. The truths of science, then, should be labeled probabilities, since scientific EDWARD HEPPENSTALL knowledge is still very limited despite the great Professor of Christian Theology advance made in recent years. ANIEL 8:14 has long been one of the key Certainly among scientists "true science" means texts in the scriptural foundation of the "the best we have to date as developed by our best D scientists." In this sense "true science" is not final Adventist faith, and rightly so. The prophetic nor infallible.6 time period of the 2300 days, with its termina tion in the fall of 1844 and the commencement The philosopher attempts to correlate all the of the antitypical Day of Atonement, constitutes knowledge that the sciences have discovered; one of the main pillars of Adventist theology. hence his answer to the question would be that truth is coherence or that which is in agreement The Adventist interpretation and use of the with what is known. But "coherence presup word "cleansed" has been questioned in the poses the existence of a body of truth."" Thus light of certain Bible translations of the Hebrew the problem of how the first set of truths can be word nisdaq, including that of the Revised validated is still unsolved. Standard Version, which reads: "Then the To the man of faith, the final test of truth is sanctuary shall be restored to its rightful state." found in revelation. God has given us a divine Luther©s German has, "Then shall the sanctuary disclosure in His Book and through His Son. be consecrated again"; the Hungarian: "Then "God, who at sundry times and in divers man shall the sanctuary come into its own again"; ners spake in time past unto the fathers by the the Septuagint: "Then shall the sanctuary be prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto purified." us by his Son." 7 The truth that came through The point of the problem is this: if the God©s revelation of Himself to His "servants word "cleansed" is left out, how can this verse the prophets" 8 and by His ultimate manifesta have any reference to the cleansing of the tion in His Son, is that by which all other heavenly sanctuary as typified in the ceremony assertions of truth must be tested. "If they speak of the Day of Atonement? Where is the investi not according to this word, it is because there gative judgment set forth? is no light in them." 8 This divine revelation Furthermore, the context of this verse re must be accepted by faith, for without faith in veals that it is the little horn power that pol this Word it is impossible to understand the lutes the sanctuary and treads it underfoot. It truth. follows that the cleansing of the sanctuary or There are many today groping in darkness, the restoring of it to its rightful state should be OCTOBER, 1956 Page 29 in some way related to the removal of this horn are dealt with in restoring the sanctuary pollution by the little horn. And if the cleans to its rightful state. The scope and work of the ing speaks of dealing with the papal pollution, doctrine of the sanctuary include the solution how can it refer to the cleansing of the record to all the attacks on the sanctuary by the little of the sins of God©s people in the heavenly horn. sanctuary, since nowhere in this chapter are Relation of the Sanctuary to the the people of God regarded as responsible for Kingdom of God the sanctuary©s pollution or its treading down? From Daniel 2 to Daniel 12 there is shown An examination of the prophecies of chapters the conflict between the kingdoms of men and 7-9 reveals: the kingdom of God. How is the sanctuary re 1. The great enemy of God, o£ His truth, and lated to the kingdom of God? It teaches the of His people is the little horn power. truth about the setting up of God©s kingdom 2. The sanctuary in heaven its anointing, (Dan. 7:9-14). The setting up of the kingdom comes at the time of judgment when a distinc the inauguration of Christ©s ministration repre tion will be made between the true and the sented by the "daily" and the "yearly" is the false subjects of God©s kingdom. The kingdom central theme of Daniel©s visions. Daniel 9:24 will be realized through the preaching of the reveals its anointing and setting up; chapter 8: everlasting gospel, the three angels© messages 11-14 its casting down; chapters 7:9-14; 8:14 its of Revelation 14, with their proclamation that restoration and cleansing. the "hour of his judgment is come." Then the 3. Because of the central position of the dominion of the little horn will be taken away heavenly sanctuary in the great controversy (Dan. 7:26; 8:14) and the true saints will between Christ and Satan, it becomes the spe possess the kingdom (chap. 7:22). cific point of attack by the little horn. This great work that issues forth from the This attack by the little horn is essentially sanctuary in heaven through the ministration fourfold: of Christ is also set forth in Revelation 10 and 1. The attack is upon the sanctuary itself, II. These chapters speak of a time when there -when it is said to take away the "daily" and cast is to be "no more delay" (chap. 10:6 down the place of His sanctuary. R.S.V.), but "the mystery of God should be 2. The attack is upon God©s truth and law, finished" (verse 7), when "the temple of God, since it is by understanding Christ©s ministra and the altar, and them that worship therein" tion in the heavenly sanctuary that a true and (chap. 11:1) are to be measured or determined clear picture of these truths is obtained (Dan. as to their truth. To measure the temple is to 7:25; 8:12). direct attention to the mediatorial work of Jesus there; to measure the altar is to hold up 3. The attack is upon God Himself, particu the one sacrifice for sins; to measure the wor larly upon the work of Christ as the one and shipers is to find who the true worshipers are in only Mediator between God and man. The pre the books of record. It was this great truth rogatives of God are assumed by the little horn. concerning the work of the sanctuary that was The little horn has introduced a counterfeit misunderstood, and this misunderstanding re mediator and a counterfeit sacrifice. It claims sulted in the great disappointment and bitter to have the power of judgment over the saints, experience of 1844 (chap. 10:10, 11). power to decide their cases before God, a right Yet in spite of the attack upon God©s that belongs to God alone. A proper under truth and God©s people by the little horn for standing and acceptance of the mediatorial 1260 years, when the two witnesses were clothed work of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary re in sackcloth, with all its evil consequences moves or destroys that pollution. (chap. 11:2, 3), in spite of the misinterpreta 4. Finally, there is the attack by the little tion of the sanctuary truth just prior to 1844, horn upon the saints of God. So terrible is this there now comes the time when there is to be war on the saints that few are left (chapters delay no longer. The work of God is to be 7:21, 22, 25-27; 8:24). Every circumstance ap finished. The truth is to break forth from pears to be against God©s people. How can the heavenly sanctuary. There can be no greater these who are being attacked by such a power commission and responsibility given to any possibly be the true saints? How can the true people in any age. saints be determined? Only by an examination Time and again in the prophecies of Daniel of the sanctuary records through the work of and Revelation, this sanctuary work is located the investigative judgment. during the "time of the end" and constitutes All these phases of the pollution by the little part of the final issue in the triumph of the Page 30 THE MINISTRY church of God. Three times in Daniel 7 (verses type sets forth the complete picture in both 9, 10, 21, 22, 25, 26) the judgment is said to the "daily" and the "yearly." To leave one follow the period of papal supremacy, or to major part out is to fall short of restoring the come shortly after 1798. truth of the sanctuary to its rightful place. If it Part of the great work of Seventh-day Ad- were such a serious error for the little horn to ventists is to reveal to the world that Christ is tamper with the "daily" and hide this truth the one and only Mediator between God and from the minds and lives of the people all man (1 Tim. 2:5). To accept Jesus as the one through the years of papal supremacy, is it not Sacrifice for sins, the only High Priest and Lord, just as serious to leave out the "yearly" and is to destroy the work of the little horn and to fail to bring this great truth to men and women restore the sanctuary to its rightful state. everywhere? The antitypical Day of Atonement Many were undeceived in regard to the claims of is an essential part of the everlasting gospel. To Rome. They saw how vain is the mediation of men fail to preach and teach it is to preach only a or angels in behalf of the sinner. As the true light partial gospel, and consequently means failure dawned upon their minds, they exclaimed with re to bring to lost men and women the full light joicing: "Christ is my priest; His blood is my sacri of the sanctuary and a full awareness of God©s fice; His altar is my confessional." The Great Con great judgment hour and the needful prepara troversy, p. 74. tion to meet it. Daniel 8:14 points to the time when the All these various translations, old and new, do truth, the whole truth about the sanctuary, its not invalidate the Seventh-day Adventist posi work and ministration, and the people of God, tion. Rather, they set forth the sanctuary truth will be proclaimed to the world. Now the true in a wider scope. The completion of the minis saints are revealed by an examination or investi tration of Christ our high priest in the heavenly gation of the books (Dan. 7:9, 10; Rev. 11:1-3). sanctuary clearly sets before the world the great Proclaiming the antitypical "daily" and "yearly" issues in the controversy with sin and darkness, ministration in the heavenly sanctuary is neces and ushers in the triumph of the church of God sary both to the vindication of God©s truth and and the return of our Lord. God©s people and to the destruction of the work of the little horn. To restore the sanctuary to its rightful state is to understand and to preach the whole truth about it, and properly to relate one©s own life to CORRECT CLOTHES the mediatorial work of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary. The truth of the sanctuary centers in FOR THE CLERGY the mediatorial ministration of Christ. That MAIL ministration covers both the "daily" and the ORDERS "yearly," or antitypical Day of Atonement. One PROMPTLY FILLED is not complete without the other. The fulfill ment of the type by antitype requires it. The FEATURING final and complete dealing with sin and Satan ALL-WOOL TOP COATS WITH requires it. The preparation of the world for ZIP-IN LINING the coming of Christ requires it. The restoring of the sanctuary to its rightful state requires it. SUITS The "daily" or continual mediatorial minis BANKERS AND OXFORD GREY tration of Christ began with the anointing of WORSTEDS, BLACK SERGES, the heavenly sanctuary at Christ©s ascension and GABARDINES, HERRINGBONES inauguration (Dan. 9:24). That work was in Sizes 34 to 50 terfered with by the little horn for a definite period of time (chap. 8:11-14), and would not Alligator RAINWEAR be removed until the close of the 2300-day AND LEADING BRANDS OF MEN©S period in 1844. FURNISHINGS If only the "daily" ministration of Christ is Robes in AH Desirable Materials involved in restoring the sanctuary to its right ful state, Martin Luther and the Reformers LESS 10% CLERICAL DISCOUNT could be given full credit for proclaiming anew DAN HITE Christ as the only Mediator between God and 801 N. Capitol St. Washington 2, D.C. man. But this is not the whole truth about the STERLING 3-2264 mediatorial work of Christ. The sanctuary in OCTOBER, 1956 Page 31 DEPARTMENT OF CHURCH HISTORY

Voltaire and the Lisbon Earthquake

DANIEL WALTHER Professor of Church History

AMONG the numerous earthquakes that life and substance. He was convinced of the ex r\ have shaken this earth, none has had istence of God for two reasons: First, he thought * * such significance and publicity as the that the world could not be explained without catastrophe of Lisbon. For the student of Bible God, that is, without a "First Cause." However, prophecy it has a particular meaning, but Bible Voltaire thought that God the Creator cannot students were not the only ones to be impressed be reached by man, nor can God be conceived by it. by our knowledge. But by our very reasoning On November 1, 1755, the greater part of the we are forced to admit God©s existence, and city of Lisbon, Portugal, was destroyed. Besides only ignorance could attempt to define Him. the earthquake, a tidal wave followed and Second, without God there is no foundation of wrecked the shipping in the river Tagus on morality, and thus God is the basis of human which Lisbon is built. In©addition to that, fire society. It was Voltaire who coined the cynical broke out and completed the work of destruc phrase, "If God did not exist, we would have tion. Sixty thousand were said to have lost to invent Him." I their lives, and the property damage, although It is evident that Voltaire©s views were not it cannot be estimated accurately, was of course only mistaken but superficial. He could not enormous. discern spiritually because his concept of the The immediate repercussions of that Lisbon world was that of a rationalistic investigator. It tragedy were registered in religious as well as is especially in the field of prophetic Bible in antireligious circles. That was particularly true terpretation that Voltaire©s judgments are often in France, where the Encyclopedists tried to erroneous and sometimes childish, particularly vulgarize the achievements of the human mind, his pert remarks on Isaac Newton©s Observa and where Reason had its most eloquent spokes tions Upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the men. France was, at the time of the occurrence Apocalypse of St. John. Yet he cannot be con of the earthquake, the focal point of rational sidered an atheist. One of his most outspoken ism. Everything was examined by the philoso statements against atheism is in his letter to the phers: the origin of the world, the creation of Marquis of Villevieille: "My dear Marquis, man, the church, education, et cetera. Among there is nothing good in Atheism. . . . This sys the most influential writers, none were more tem is evil both in the physical realm as well as read and followed than Voltaire and Rousseau, in that of morality. . . ." 2 who both saw in the Lisbon catastrophe a signif icance that brilliantly, although tragically, Rousseau's Optimism proved and illustrated their systems. Rousseau was also a deist, but with a few Voltaire was always clear, but never well co nuances varying from Voltaire©s deism. Rous ordinated. He is considered an infidel, a man seau©s was sentimental, while Voltaire©s was ra without a Christian©s faith, rejecting divine rev tionalistic. Rousseau believed that God could elation; holding that the Holy Scriptures are be reached by the heart rather than by reason not God©s Word, nor is the church the visible ing. Religion, to Rousseau, was an individual body of those "called out." Christ was, to Vol matter and a powerful means to moral devel taire, neither the Redeemer nor God Incarnate. opment. While Voltaire was arrogantly hostile On the other hand, Voltaire was not an atheist; to the church (not only to the Roman Catholic he was a deist, as it was intellectually fashion Church), Rousseau remained somewhat respect able to be in the eighteenth century. While al ful toward the church as an institution. most all philosophers were deists, there were The main difference, however, between the shades of difference in their individual beliefs. ideas of the two men concerning their con Voltaire believed that God is the Source of all cept of the world was that Voltaire was basically Page 32 THE MINISTRY pessimistic, while Rousseau was optimistic. The the question whether that could have been the debate between their attitudes was by no means will of God. Or could it have been vengeance? confined to those two "philosophers"; it had And then, Why Lisbon? Is Lisbon worse than reached spectacular proportions in the eight other cities? Is there more sin and evil in Lisbon eenth century in the entire thinking world. The than in Paris or London? "Lisbon is destroyed, leading philosopher who developed the opti while they dance in Paris." Who will find the mistic concepts was Pope, in Essay on Man, cause of this evil? God, who is love and kind wherein he developed the axiom "All is well." ness, the Author of all things can He be con Lord Shaftesbury and Bolingbroke had similar sidered also the author of this catastrophe? ideas, but none expressed them so forcefully as To this, Rousseau thought he had the answer. the German philosopher Leibnitz. He discussed His ideas concerning the world and man were his concepts on a "pre-established harmony" more systematic than Voltaire©s. Rousseau be in the Theodice. Ours is the best possible world, lieved in the innate goodness of man: man is and that, to Leibnitz, was not a sentimental good by nature but is corrupted in contact with idea but one that could be demonstrated by other men; the only solution is to "return to reason and faith. Evil and suffering exist, to nature." To some degree Rousseau shared the be sure, but Leibnitz was satisfied that this optimistic views of Leibnitz and Pope, and con world is even better with evil in it; in fact, the sidered Voltaire©s poem on the Lisbon earth world would not be as good without evil. quake not only a personal attack on him, but a Voltaire in his passionate desire for clearness basic lack of understanding and a distortion of and common sense reacted sharply and impa God©s preponderant action. Rousseau©s letter to tiently to such a concept. To him the ideas of Voltaire in answer to his poem is very lengthy. Leibnitz and the other optimists sounded like Voltaire did not answer Rousseau©s arguments medieval scholastic jargon, but since Pope and directly. His final answer came in Candide. Leibnitz had a large reading public in France, Rousseau©s argumentation in defense of the Voltaire took his sharp pen to react against these immanent action of God was that the earth ideas. It was the Lisbon earthquake that brought quake is not to be primarily imputed to God, the debate to a head at that time. Voltaire, but to man. Moreover, if the world had listened however, gave his ultimate answer to the opti to him to Rousseau if men had abandoned mists in Candide (1759). city life and returned to nature rather than congregating in Lisbon, the result would have Voltaire's Reaction to the Earthquake been different. "Admit," wrote Rousseau, "that it was not nature©s way to crowd together The disaster of Lisbon led Voltaire to exam 20,000 houses with 6 or 7 stories each, and if ine the problem of evil and suffering in relation all the inhabitants of this large city had been ship to an overruling Providence. This question dispersed more equally, the damage would have had concerned him before 1755. His letters in been much less, maybe nil." Thus Rousseau took dicate that many times he pondered on it in the defense of Leibnitz and Pope, stating that relationship to previous earthquakes, such as the evil is the simple and natural result of the nec one in 1699 in China, which he said cost the essary limitation of every created thing. Rous lives of 400,000 persons, and also the earth seau argued that Providence could not be ac quakes of Lima and Callao. This problem, cused for, or rationally condemned on the basis which of course is age old, was that while there of, a small portion of evil actually known to is an overruling Providence, it seemed to him us. The entire picture, as a whole, has to be that God©s rulership was not for man©s best good. kept in mind and not one lone accident, ter He expressed this idea in two lines of the poem rible as it may be but exaggerated beyond all on the Lisbon earthquake: reasonable proportion. The best of Rousseau©s All will be well one day, that is our hope. answer may be found in his writing to Voltaire: AH is well today, that is the illusion.3 - I do not see that one can find the source of moral evil elsewhere than in man himself, because man is This poem has 244 lines, and of course is in morally free. ... As for our physical ills, . . . they are French, and so cannot be given here in full. At inevitable in a system where man is involved.4 the very outset, Voltaire refers to Pope©s ex The debate between the two celebrated writ pression, "All is well," to point out the errors ers that came to a head at the time of the Lis of the optimistic philosophers. bon earthquake may be only of a philosophical While he describes in a drastic way the ca nature, but it indicates vividly to what extent tastrophe as it appears to him, with die thou that catastrophe affected the thinking of man- sands of corpses of women and children, he asks (Cantinued on page 49} OCTOBER, 1956 Page 33 DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICAL THEOLOGY

Philosophy and Objectives of the Department of Practical Theology

MELVIN K. ECKENROTH Professor of Evangelism

NE of the finest tributes to the name searcher to God. Regardless of the high pre "Practical Theology" came from Mr. tenses, noble words, defense of faith, and even O Thomas Elliott, religious editor of the death itself for an idea, if a man does not trans famed newspaper, The Atlanta Constitution. late his acts, deeds, ministry, and life into the He wrote an editorial, the substance of which channels of helpful service, large-heartedness, was as follows: honesty, and faithfulness, he denies Christ I have had correspondence from a minister whose whatever the profession may be. It is, therefore, letterhead carries the inscription, "Department of our objective and purpose first of all to direct Practical Theology." This is most heartening and all service into practical channels so as to bear assuring, for certainly this is the only kind o£ theol fruit in the lives of others. ogy that in the final sum and substance is of any value. Techniques Perhaps this expresses a conclusion with a To achieve this, many practical means must specific finality that some will not accept, but be employed. Equipment must be at hand to it does affirm a fundamental concept of this give the student the feel of the tool and the department in the Seminary. It is our purpose sense of the occasion. to instill such basic principles in the minds of Recording equipment, both of sound and of our students as will inspire ready and practi image, is essential. If it is necessary for the cal utterance and a living translation of ideals student of voice to evaluate the finished product into life. by hearing it, so likewise can the student best First and foremost is the possession of spirit appreciate the artistry of his technique if he ual life and vitality. It is not enough to know can see the product. Provision for this is made about God. A minister must know God. A in our Special Services class, for example. minister must not only know the proper pro During this course our students prepare the cedures and homiletical processes of sermon communion bread, baking it themselves. They development, but he must be made to realize set the table and note the little details that that a sermon becomes genuine only as it makes make the difference between the professional articulate personality. History becomes valu and the amateurish service. All of this is re able and useful only as the student can trans corded on film and the student views his work late its record into contemporary settings and objectively, thus seeing himself literally as others thereby suggest a way out of present-day dilem see him. The same procedure holds true for the mas. baptismal service. He stands in the pool and Philosophy and human relations become im practices administering the rite of baptism. portant only in the same relative degree that Thus he literally secures the feel of the service they spark the flame of larger thinking in and a sense of security for future services. The human behavior. Evangelism becomes indispen playback of the film is a most necessary and sable only to the degree that it fans the fires eagerly-awaited class session. Students have of the heart to genuine passion for helping acclaimed this as a most practical and appre men. Its theories and ideals are empty and ciated teaching technique. meaningless vagaries of words unless love be For the funeral services we visit a nearby comes alive in flesh and life. Theology standing funeral home. There the funeral director lec alone may become merely the proud edifice of tures on what he expects of the minister, and failure if the study about God does not lead the also explains the best professional points of the Page 34 THE MINISTRY serve. The finest service the Seminary can ren der a man is to enable him to see how best to BUILDERS give expression to his message and life. Some carve in the white gleaming To do this the Seminary must have field op marble portunities, but not in the sense of a mere The things that in fancy they see: practice program. Most churches have a justi Some fix them with canvas and color, fied horror of becoming experimental stations And bring them to you and me. for would-be or untried ministers. The field Some guide with ©thou shalt© and ©thou program of the Seminary is not presenting to a shalt not,© church an untried vessel. We present men who Some seek to inspire with a song; have passed through a vigorous classroom train You build with a subtler material ing. Many have also grown to a maturity of The traits that shall make the race experience in the field. Therefore it is the strong. presentation of a man whose experience presses upon him and demands release to bless the When the statues have weakened and people. fallen, Pastorates When the paint on the canvas is The Seminary needs churches that afford dead, pastoral opportunities; not for mere experi When the precepts and priests are mentation, but to give opportunity for vigorous forgotten, expression by men who desire to serve efficiently. And the songs and their singers have The pastoral letter becomes more than an sped, empty theory it is the technique of expression You shall live in the lives you have of a worker who wishes to lead a congregation molded into service without the sacrifice of the worship And lead with the courage of ten. hour. Thus to lead is no longer an act of experi The Great Master Workman be with mentation in the Seminary pastorate, but it is you! now a marvelously soul-satisfying experience I hail you, ye makers of men! to both minister and congregation. Selected A minister needs to be close to experienced counsel during introductory periods of his work. Here the Seminary can be of invaluable aid and service. A student pastor may face a church service to remember. This visit to the funeral board problem. He need not meet it by the home has proved most helpful. trial and error method. He has access to a In the matter of the wedding, the students faculty of experienced workers, resident pastors, are asked to attend a non-Adventist wedding at and counselors who will not only give him some time during the quarter. They can do this words of wisdom, but will demonstrate practi by watching the announcements in the public cally a method of meeting church board prob press. In class the students perform a marriage lems. ceremony. The sermon notes are projected on Evangelism a screen. Thus the students may copy each Evangelism demands all there is of a man other©s notes, and during the quarter may ex in the field of human relations. It is of prime change as many as twenty-five sermons. This, importance that men be given opportunity to of course, is a much appreciated advantage of enter into larger aspects of a public-relations this class technique. and soul-winning program. Field Development Program How valuable is the opportunity of a Semi Preaching, like art, cannot be made beautiful nary student to fraternize with ministers of or worth while until it is translated on the can surrounding community churches! This practice vas of human experience. A sermon is not a lec is generally carried forward on a far too limited ture; it is not beautiful phraseology, or vocabu basis by Seventh-day Adventist ministers. lary genius. It is not words at all. Words are How important are the social and spiritual merely the conveyers of the thought. They trans contacts made in the homes during a practical late the person into articulate expression. A ser field program! mon is the very virtue or life of the minister. To It is good to draw on the black give expression to his message and experience is board a newspaper advertisement, but how the preacher©s vocation. To this end he must incomparable is one taken from the weekend OCTOBER, 1956 Page 35 Star! It is fine to point with pride to a book of which to work, the field in which to labor, techniques entitled How to Make an Altar Call, students who wish to share in a rewarding serv but what can compare with the meeting where ice, and by God©s mercy and through His en the student can see a crowd of spiritually hungry abling power miracles will constantly be people move forward to clasp the hand of wrought. Give us men from the field who long Christ? to grow more efficient, give us those who desire Here is an important deviation of our con only to serve God faithfully, and we will labor cept from that of the average training pro with them as God gives us strength to make gram. Usually a young man moves forward to theology truly practical! hold a meeting on his own. This only serves to point up how very much he needs to know. If it does not prove that to him, a year or two in the field surely will. At this point in their experi The Seminary©s Latest Major Field ence scores of young men come to our school. C. E. WITTSCHIEBE They freely say, "This is my weakness. Here is Professor of Pastoral Care the area where I need help." Then they present a long list of problems. We might mention a * I ©HE Seminary has, for years, had courses in few. -L human relationships and pastoral counsel 1. Weakness in advertising ing. On occasion Youth Guidance has been 2. Faulty sermon illustrations offered. Within the last two years, however,- the 3. Weak technique in the appeal faculty and administration have made it pos 4. Improper subject sequence sible for a candidate for the Master©s degree to 5. Poor public relations obtain a major in the field of pastoral counsel 6. Troublesome "isms" ing and guidance, and for the B.D. candidate 7. Inhibited speaking traits 8. Awkward gesturing to include in his curriculum more courses in 9. Poor musical appreciation this area. There is a significant reason for this latest Ad infinitum! So the students say, in spirit at development. In recent years surveys have been least, "What is the solution?" made among ministers of several denominations A large order indeed! If adequate evangelistic with the object of finding out whether they opportunities are provided, the instructor can considered their seminary training adequate to draw from his experience and profit with his meet the demands of the ministry. The reports students by the challenge of the need, and in indicated that Protestant ministers, on gradua the fear of Almighty God thus move forward. tion from the seminaries, found themselves to It is no ordinary campaign in any sense of the be satisfactorily equipped in doctrine, in lit word. The challenge is unique. The instructor urgy, in church history in fact, in practically is surrounded by a group of eager men who all the traditional departments of the schools. press into the campaign determined to excel In one category, however, they uniformly re where once they knew failure. The net result is ported a serious deficiency. Right from the start bound to reveal a deep, genuine interest, pro of their ministry they felt themselves to be found enthusiasm, serious application, and an inadequately prepared to help parishioners in unswerving determination to succeed. Can an the problems that the latter brought to them. evangelistic campaign surrounded with these Very little of their seminary curriculum, they elements fail? That is why we believe that a stated, had been designed to give training in strong Seminary field program is the most prac dealing with the variety and complexity of diffi tical and valuable contribution we can make in culties arising out of failure or partial failure men, substance, and spirit. in achieving normal personality development The Challenge This Poses to the Department and maintaining wholesome interpersonal rela tions. There is perhaps no element in all our work The ministers recommended that more op more vital than these problems. As the great task portunity be provided for the theological stu looms before us, we can only groan in spirit dent to obtain a better understanding of the and pray earnestly, "Who is able, Lord, for these dynamics of personality and of human relation things?" What a completely humiliating chal ships. There was no suggestion that this should lenge this is! To meet its demands we pray for be done at the expense of the fields of study added grace. that for generations have furnished the indis With an expanding program we will need pensable content of B.D. curriculums. Their additional instructors. Give us the tools with importance was taken for granted. The impres- Page 36 THE MINISTRY sion conveyed by their reports could, in the forces a re-examination of the vocabulary of words of Jesus, be stated this way: "These ought theology. ye to have done, and not to leave the other In all this the student must confront himself undone." and examine himself critically. He finds a new While no surveys of this sort have been con and rather startling way of testing his motiva ducted among Seventh-day Adventist ministers, tions for the ministry. The probing is likely to it is inevitable in the nature of their calling be close and deep; weaknesses and artificiality that they face the same responsibilities as do are exposed by the impact of the experience. ministers of other denominations. They meet Self-examination that can be put off or evaded an equal number and variety of problems. If for long periods in ordinary seminary courses my contacts with workers and their wives repre cannot be postponed or evaded in this one. sent a fair sampling of opinion in the field, it Here it is possible for a man to find a new and is reasonable to conclude that many want more powerful proof of his calling, or to raise insist education and training in the elements of ent questions about its validity. pastoral psychology, mental hygiene, sociology, Another course is offered in this major that psychosomatic medicine, and the dynamics of does not come at any particular point in the personality. sequence of courses. While called Sociology for the sake of brevity, it could fittingly be entitled A Training Program to Meet the Need Practical Sociology for Seventh-day Adventist Because of the foregoing considerations, the Workers. In this the student deals with such Seminary is offering courses that will provide subjects as: adoption, marriage laws, divorce, at least one opportunity under denominational problems of working wives, juvenile delin auspices of meeting the expressed need. Human quency, alcoholism, physical and mental health, Relationships is a basic course in Christian welfare, the aging, the disabled and handi psychology and ethics, dealing with the develop capped, and mental illness. In addition, the ment of personality. Introduction to Pastoral class visits a number of community agencies Counseling is the next course in the sequence. and institutions. In this the student enters the field of pastoral Ministers, nurses, Bible instructors, mission counseling. He evaluates the importance and aries, and workers from overseas divisions, have scope of this phase of the ministry. He studies expressed appreciation for the course. They the dynamics of interpersonal relationships as state that it has widened their horizons, given they concern the pastor and the significance of new meaning to many aspects of their work, and the psychosomatic element in illness (a field of equipped them for further self-directed study. study in which we, from the leads given us in In concluding the description of this new the writings of the Spirit of prophecy, should major, perhaps an observation should be made: long since have been the leaders). The Seminary has no intention of taking in The training program includes attendance at religious workers and turning them out as staff conferences, direction of religious services pseudo-psychiatrists, amateur psychologists, and for patients, reading of case histories, participa semi-professional sociologists. And this is not tion in individual and group sessions with super meant to be even slightly an implication of a visors, and related activities. The essential core lack of respect or appreciation for men in our of the program is the interview with patients. ranks who have chosen to serve in these special These interviews are written up and later ties. It is based rather on the conviction that analyzed in individual sessions with the Sem the ministry is a calling in itself and that a wise inary instructor. minister will draw from these disciplines what It is difficult to describe Clinical Pastoral ever will make him a more competent shepherd Training to one who is not familiar with the of souls. history and objectives of this relatively new addition to the Seminary curriculum. It is a dynamic process in which the student not only studies his subject, but lives it. The process is similar to that of basic training for the soldier. The trainee learns to fire live ammunition and ... The LAST WORD in substan to go into action against live ammunition. He tial, convenient folding organs. Mar- velous volume, resonance, and purity sees men in the raw, and finds ways of minister of tone. Tropically treated. Famous ing to them in their condition. He meets all over the world for 35 years. shades of religious thinking, and seeks a way to Write for free catalog. talk to each man in his own language. This A. I. WHITE MFC. CO., 1902 W. Grand Ave., Chicago 22, III. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 37 must study and pray that our senses may be The Seminary Music Department attuned to the heavenly influences and that the insidious downward pull of this flood of GEORGE W. GREEK evil about us shall not engulf us. Ignorance will Professor of Church Music not be accepted as a legitimate excuse for fail ure to sense the difference. E face today the most alarming situation W in the field of music that has ever ex The answer to the problem, at least in part, isted in our world. That which the Creator in is found in the modern schools of the prophets. tended to be a source of spiritual strength and Their predecessors were established by divine a constant stimulant to better living in prepa instruction under the theocracy "to serve as a ration for the future land of joy and song, is barrier against the wide-spreading corruption.. too often taken over by another power, with to provide for the mental and spiritual welfare devastating results. of the youth, and to promote the prosperity of the nation by furnishing it with men qualified There was a time when it was possible to to act in the fear of God as leaders and coun choose and control our listening, but much of selors." 2 (Italics supplied.) The course of study that freedom is denied us today as the flood of provided for this "pious, intelligent, and stu debasing music pours in through doors and dious" 3 student body was geared to the needs of windows, pervades stores, parks, and automo the field, offered few electives, and included biles, and has become the popular medium of sacred music as one of the four major subjects. advertising. Radio and television are so satu "And the Spirit of God was manifested in rated with it that one cannot listen to even a prophecy and sacred song." * news broadcast without its downward pull And so it is today that the same divine hand being forced upon one. Can it be that this con has guided in the establishment of "schools of stant bombardment is softening the resistance the prophets" to meet this acute need. The of God©s people to this evil? growing music department of the Seminary The blueprint of Christian education has not offers courses carefully planned to provide the been changed. We are not left helpless in this specialized training needed for our denomina overwhelming flood of evil. The lifting, inspir tional work. Its offerings are being increased as ing, soul-stirring, spiritual power of the music the needs become evident and the enrollment of God©s plan is more wonderful than ever. increases. Such music "has wonderful power. It has power Courses are now available in Church Music, to subdue rude and uncultivated natures; Hymnology, Conducting, Women©s and Men©s power to quicken thought and to awaken Choirs, Voice Culture, and Musicianship. High- sympathy, to promote harmony of action, and fidelity recorders are provided and a fine library to banish the gloom and foreboding that de of music literature is being assembled, to en stroy courage and weaken effort. It is one of the courage further interest in the appreciation of most effective means of impressing the heart good music. Other courses will be offered in with spiritual truth." 1 music theory, including Musical Acoustics. This Compare these impressive accomplishments is a field with which the modern minister needs with the equally powerful debasing results of to be familiar. exposure to Satan©s counterfeit in music. We The hour is late. The remaining allotment of

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Page 38 THE MINISTRY time to carry out our assignments for God is Be Persuasive very limited. We must make every moment and Preaching is one form of public address; it every opportunity count for eternity. The Spirit involves techniques of delivery, content, and of God must be manifested in our music. arrangement. These skills are acquired only Amidst the deepening shadows of earth©s last with considerable effort. great crisis, God©s light will shine brightest, and the song of hope and trust will be heard in clearest and There is a feeling abroad that natural ability loftiest strains.5 may obviate training. On the contrary, it may only make training more effective. It is true REFERENCES that anyone can talk, but there are levels of 1 Education, p. 168. * Ibid., p. 47. talking. Anyone can paint, too, but there is a 1 Ibid., p. 46. 5 Ibid., p. 166. « Ibid. difference between a barn and a landscape! Anyone can cut, but it is a far cry from a finger [Professor Greer has just recently connected © ith the Music Department of Pacific Union College.] nail to an appendix. No surgeon will tamper with me, if I know it, who has not developed his technique! Henry Ward Beecher said at Yale P©s and R©s for Public Speakers on February 21, 1872, "No knowledge is really knowledge unless one can use it without know WINTON H. BEAVEN ing it." So it is with good technique of any Professor of Communication kind. No surgeon worries about technique as rT~1 HIS past decade has witnessed a great and he operates; no good musician worries about -L noteworthy development the rediscovery technique as he plays; no good preacher should of the preacher. Seminaries are full, theologians be concerned about technique as he preaches are once again great men in the world, and but each one should have it! churches are bursting at the seams. With this How are your techniques? Or are you develop rediscovery of religion and the preacher as a ing your talents at the expense of the audience? pastor has come the rediscovery of the preacher Preaching does not necessarily make you a as a speaker. Much of the preaching of today is better preacher; practice does not necessarily good; the average is perhaps higher than at any make perfect it may only make permanent. time in the past. There are many outstanding There is no substitute for good technique. preachers and a few great ones. When this necessity for technique is advanced, Several factors are involved in this resurgence. someone always points out that technique never Certainly the development of movies, radio, won a soul. True. A preacher cannot get by and, most important, television, has played an with nothing but technique. He must also have important part in raising standards of preach a message, and deep conviction about that mes ing. The preacher must compete whether he sage. No mastery of external techniques alone wishes to or not. But there has also been a will make a preacher; there must be a blend of gradual awakening to the fact that preaching is message and technique. not yet what it should be. Every preacher who Nowhere does the deficiency of technique doubts this should read the dispassionate, show more than in the voice of the preacher. scholarly indictment of preaching in Henry The "holy tone" is devastating. You can tune in Steele Commager©s The American Mind (Yale your radio anytime, and ninety-nine times out of University Press, 1950). As church leaders have a hundred you can tell a religious program be become aware of the shortcomings of their pul fore you understand a word simply by the pits, they have concentrated on raising the tone of voice. It may be a pounding monotony; standards of preaching. We must be alert or we it may be a sanctimonious holiness; it may be shall be left behind in this movement to higher staccato, hell-fire preaching. There are several standards and greater efficiency! varieties, but in every case the vocal pattern Among the divergent teachings of the leaders betrays the preacher. Everyone today hears good of the "new preaching" certain fundamentals speech patterns and instinctively recognizes stand out. They are as old as the art of them. The preacher must compete and con speaking itself, but they are receiving new polish form. If he expects to be persuasive, he must and new emphasis today. They have as much make his vocal approach accordingly. appeal and application to the Seventh-day Ad- There is a second problem in achieving per ventist pulpit as to any other. As suggestions suasion from the pulpit that of arranging ideas for improving the art of sermonizing, in its in a sermon. Sermon arrangement, it is some external aspects, they are offered for your con times called. Much has been done in recent sideration. years to determine maximum effectiveness of OCTOBER, 1956 Page 39 CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

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Page 40 THE- MINISTRY the order of ideas within a talk. There is space partly belief and partly practice. As Peter here to mention only three results of study Marshall prayed, "God, help us to stand for and experimentation, all of which disturb long- something, lest we fall for anything." cherished stereotypes of sermon organization. Be positive. Think of the great speakers of First of all, from the suggestion of the practices our day within and without the church. They of advertising has come the idea of the anticli- are all men with a message of burning convic mactic order. Based upon the psychologically tion, delivered humbly, but with power. Our sound principle that firsts have primacy of preaching should be like that. impact and retention, sermons are started with the main and most important idea, with the Be Personal purpose of destroying all opposition to an idea This is the day of the extempore sermon, by overwhelming assault. All advertisements are when the preacher speaks directly to his con built on this principle, and many successful gregation. His vocabulary is liberally sprinkled speeches. with "I©s" and "we©s" and "you©s." He knows Another sermon order based on this principle that his sermon is a pastoral call on his church; is found in the practice of Harry Emerson it is the only time he may reach many who Fosdick. Not only does he put his most impor need solutions to their problems. So he will tant point first, but he allots the time devoted to touch on their hopes, their aspirations, fears, each point on the principle of physical fatigue. faith, and failures. Point one gets 55 to 60 per cent of the time of But more than this, he will be personally the sermon, with point three receiving only 6 or involved himself. The pastor will feel what he 8 per cent. This is the idea of initial impact, speaks. He will be enthusiastic. He will not be but welded to it is recognition of the fact that like the preacher who dreamed he was preach the longer we sit, the more tired we become ing and woke up to find that he was! You and the less able to be attentive. Fosdick©s tre cannot put on feeling, however. Artificiality is mendous success as a preacher is to some degree apparent and defeats its own purpose. People the result of his sermon order. need to be moved, to feel deeply, but you can A third psychological discovery is that the only move people if you are deeply moved your negative is stronger than the positive. If you self. To be moved yourself, you must be per speak on prayer and present three arguments for sonally involved. An appeal to reason may con and three against, the negative will invariably vince of truth, but only emotion will move be remembered longer. Many demonstrations people to act upon that truth. Be personal with have proved this. Negation attracts attention yourself and your audience. Share your feelings and invites trouble. So in sermon arrangement as well as your thoughts. you damage your sermon by inclusion of much negative, no matter where you place it in the Be Real sermon. Positivity at the end will not wipe out Reality means more than sincerity without the memory of the negative. sham or artifice. It means reality on such a If you would be persuasive, develop tech large scale that it surpasses commonality. Let niques of delivery that are unobtrusive, and me illustrate what I mean: Here is a preacher study arrangement of ideas for maximum im with eyes aglow, face radiant, body alert and pact. Persuasion is an art, and every good flexible. He is alive from crown to finger tips. preacher studies it. His speech bursts from him. The audience sits motionless, eyes following every movement, ears Be Positive deaf to every sound except his voice. When he Being positive means more than arrangement brightens, they brighten; when he is sad, their of positives and negatives. It means to have faces cloud. And when he finishes, they go away conviction without being afraid to show it. and ponder. His presentation is real! Know what you believe; have a message don©t Probably none of us has seen a crucifixion merely deliver a lecture. Reinhold Niebuhr has nor a young man slain by his father for a sacri said, "Religious conservatism has ossified the fice. None of us has offered himself as a bonds gospel, and religious liberalism has vaporized man for his younger brother. But we can grasp it." Formulate your own personal faith, then and appreciate all of these, vicariously, by the present it as a conviction. power of our imagination, and make them real A former church member charged recently, to our listeners. "No one ever urged me to be good, or told me Be real! This quality of reliving in retelling why I should be." Can that be said of any of us? can be achieved, trained, and cultivated. Medi- The great cardinal doctrines of Christianity are (Continued on page 49) OCTOBER, 1956 Page 41 Page 42 THE MINISTRY Ellen G* White Writings and Current News Releases

ARTHUR L. WHITE Secretary, The Ellen G. White Publications

PART II

Electrical Currents Berger experiments would put us in 1929, four teen years after Ellen White laid down her CCASIONALLY of late in the popular versatile pen. Sixty years before Berger did his journals there have appeared articles initial work Ellen White wrote: O with reference to electroencephalogra- phy the science that has to do with the electri Whatever disturbs the circulation of the electric cal currents in the human body. The Seventh- currents in the nervous system lessens the strength of the vital powers, and the result is a deadening of day Adventist who picked up the Scientific the sensibilities of the mind. Testimonies, vol. 2, American in June, 1954, doubtless read with p. 347. particular interest the article by W. Grey Walter entitled "The Electrical Activity of the Brain," And again in 1872, three years later, she and probably recalled some rather familiar state made reference to electricity in the body as ments in the Ellen G. White books, some even she wrote of those who do not make adequate of early years. But first let us note some inter use of their mental powers: esting points made by Mr. Walter: This class fall more readily if attacked by disease, Twenty-five years ago Hans Berger, a German psy because the system is vitalized by the electrical chiatrist working in Jena, began to publish some force of the brain to resist disease. Testimonies, strange little pictures consisting of nothing but wavy vol. 3, p. 157. lines. They should have caused great excitement Similar statements appeared in 1903 in her among his colleagues, because he claimed that they book Education, pages 197 and 209. In the showed the electrical activity of the human brain. early years when Ellen White thus wrote, the But in fact no one took them seriously. For several idea of there being electrical currents in the years no one even bothered to repeat his experi ments. body was quite foreign to the thinking of physi In the quarter of a century since then the study cians. In fact, but very little was known about of his little wavy lines has grown into a new de electricity at the time. But now, eighty-five years partment of science called "electroencephalogra- from the time Ellen White wrote of "electric phy." Today several hundred laboratories in the currents in the nervous system," we find the United States and a similar number in Europe are scientific world is taking note of the tiny pul recording and interpreting charts of the electrical sating electric currents emanating from the discharges of human brains. Their total annual out brain, the frequency and size of which vary with put of charts would girdle the earth. Hospitals all the individual. That which may have seemed over the world have accumulated thousands upon thousands of brainprints. Page 54. rather farfetched when Ellen White wrote in the early years concerning electrical currents Then the author discusses these electrical cur of the brain, we see today to be substantiated rents, which not only can be mapped, but also by the findings of serious and studious men in be measured in terms of volts: the scientific field. The signals are usually classified by the frequency of the electrical pulsations in them. Berger©s original Prenatal Influence oscillations, which he named alpha rhythms, are in a frequency band between 8 and 13 oscillations per On June 3, 1953, there appeared this item in second that is, about as fast as you can move a the public press, "Unborn Baby May Be finger. Their size, or amplitude, is around 30 mil- ©Marked© by Mother©s Emotions." lionths of a volt. Neither the frequency nor the am New York (AP): Pregnant woman©s emotions may plitude is constant. Each individual has his own really "mark" her unborn baby, making the child characteristic pattern of shifts in frequency and neurotic, Dr. William S. Kroger of Chicago said to size; thus his brainprint is as distinctive as his sig day. The infant may become predisposed to psycho nature. Ibid., p. 53. somatic ailments, the complaints born of emotional Mr. Walter published his article in 1954. upsets rather than actual physical trouble, he said. Going back twenty-five years to the time of the This kind of effect is not the same as the old wives© OCTOBER, 1956 Page 43 XX THE SIGN OF TOMORROW" The All-Metal "Neon Bulletin Board" is for your church. Special S-D-A Design in top and the entire bulletin board lights up at night. IT IS A REAL AND LASTING MEMORIAL. Specifications 62// x 3$ l//f x, 8Y2". Closed waterproof front. Back removable, no hinges, locked when in place. 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tales that i£ a woman is frightened by a spider, for ents looked upon as a matter of little moment; but example, her baby will have birthmarks. heaven does not so regard it. ... Kroger, gynecologist of the Chicago Medical But if the mother unswervingly adheres to right School, was telling the American Medical Associa principles, if she is temperate and self-denying, if tion Convention of some psychosomatic aspects of she is kind, gentle, and unselfish, she may give her gynecology and obstetrics. child these same precious traits of character. Pages 371-373. These words remind Seventh-day Adventists very much of a number of statements from the From these more general aspects Ellen White pen of Ellen G. White along the lines of pre then turns to the question of diet, and she says: natal influence. I quote the first such declara Many advisers urge that every wish of the mother tion from the article she penned in 1865: should be gratified; that if she desires any article of In past generations, if mothers had informed food, however harmful, she should freely indulge themselves in regard to the laws of their being, they her appetite. Such advice is false and mischievous. would have understood that their constitutional The mother©s physical needs should in no wise be .strength, as well as the tone of their morals, and neglected. . . . But at this time above all others she their mental faculties, would in a great measure be should avoid, in diet and in every other line, what represented in their offspring. Their ignorance upon ever would lessen physical or mental strength. this subject, where so much is involved, is criminal. Page 373. How to Live, No. 2, p. 37. From diet Ellen White then turns to the What made news in the item from Dr. Kroger attitudes of the mother and the importance of is the fact that for generations it has been the husband and father©s showing love and generally accepted in scientific circles that the affection. unborn child is not affected by the habits and The mother should cultivate a cheerful, con mental state of the mother. This has seemed to tented, happy disposition. Every effort in this direc put the utterances of Ellen White on prenatal tion will be abundantly repaid in both the physical influence at variance with the scientific world. well-being and the moral character of her children. A cheerful spirit will promote the happiness of her Particularly in The Ministry of Healing, pub family, and in a very great degree improve her own lished in 1905, she emphasized this point in health. clear, forceful terms: Let the husband aid his wife by his sympathy and What the parents are, that, to a great extent, the unfailing affection. Page 374. children will be. The physical conditions of the par- -ents, their dispositions and appetites, their mental These statements from The Ministry of Heal and moral tendencies, are, to a greater or less de ing, which were out of line with the thinking gree, reproduced in their children. in scientific circles for many years but were The nobler the aims, the higher the mental and corroborated by the Kroger statement, were spiritual endowments, and the better developed the brought even more directly into focus by the physical powers of the parents, the better will be appearance in February, 1954, of an article in the life equipment they give their children. . . . the Ladies Home Journal, carrying the bold Especially does responsibility rest upon the headline, "There Is Pre-Natal Influence." mother. She, by whose lifeblood the child is nour Beneath the heading a note of explanation ished and its physical frame built up, imparts to it appears as follows: also mental and spiritual influences that tend to the shaping of mind and character. . , . For years scientists have believed that your un The effect of prenatal influences is by many par- born baby lives an insulated existence, protected iPage 44 THE MINISTRY from all external influence, but this is not true. It is of emotional stress that her nutritional economy be exciting news that you can control the development comes disturbed. of your unborn child. After giving documentary illustration of this This article was not written by some novice, point, Dr. Montagu states: or someone who was endeavoring to make a Here, as in all other areas of human existence, sensational appearance in the public press, but love is the best insurance for healthy growth. If the by Dr. Ashley Montagu, a careful authority. A mother is loved enough, her well-being probably paragraph prefacing the article, appearing in will be assured, and the well-being of the mother means the well-being of the child she nourishes. italics, is devoted to the various high positions held by this doctor, who is known to be a world- Then Dr. Montagu turns to the question of renowned anthropologist, social biologist, lec diet. Of this he boldly says: turer, and author. The article is a long one, Certainly the matter of a pregnant woman©s diet and I can make only a few references to it. It is cannot be too strongly stressed. It is obvious that interesting to observe, however, that this physi the fetus can be influenced by the food its mother cian in what is considered a startling discovery consumes. delineates the same points that Ellen White Then he deals with the gratification of the emphasized so many years ago. He writes: mother©s wishes in food lines: There is now sufficient evidence from many Another commonly repeated "old wives© tale" is sources to indicate that the unborn child can be that a pregnant woman©s peculiar cravings for cer variously affected by physical changes in the mother, tain foods were bad for her unborn baby. The scien and that although a woman cannot "mark" her tist once pooh-poohed such nonsense, but here again baby by seeing something unpleasant before he is the old wives seem to have been right, and the scien born, nor make him a poet by reading Keats and tists inadequately informed. Shelley during her pregnancy, there are ways in which she definitely can influence his behavior There is evidence now that many cases of food pattern. It is largely up to her, and to those sur allergy in infants and children can be traced to the rounding her during her pregnancy, whether the in eating habits of the mother during pregnancy. Dr. fant will be born a happy, healthy, sweet-tempered Bret Ratner, of New York, and many other investi individual, or an ill-adjusted neurotic. gators, have abundantly proved this. He then continues, in an attempt to assure his In summing up his findings over a period of readers: many years, Dr. Montagu states: If this sounds far-fetched or whimsical, be assured Prospective mothers, then, can assist in the healthy that it is as strictly scientific as anything else that development of their babies by avoiding excessive has been written here. The woman who is troubled indulgence in any one food. A severe allergy can un during her pregnancy, who is permitted to worry pleasantly affect an individual©s entire physical and unduly, who is not secure and at peace in the love emotional life. . . . The mental and physical health o£ her husband and family, may be in such a state of the child begins with the health of the fetus. Its

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OCTOBER, 1956 Page 45 care begins with the care of the fetus. In this respect, nothing is more important than the health and well- being of the mother who nourishes it. STRONG A child must be loved, even before it is born, by BIBLICAL PREACHING a mother who is loved. That, really, is all there is to it, and what could be simpler. IS WHAT WE ARE DEDICATED TO HELP YOU TO DO To us these words sound very much like the Full set of instructions—-a whole system: from sermon pros words which we quoted from The Ministry of pecting to preaching—stimulating "starters" by Biblical books Healing, penned half a century before this —A Sharing Fellowship— scientific discovery. Again the researches of care Ask for "Biblical Sermon Starters" ful scientific men and women of today furnish Descriptive leaflet on request—Sample set $1, including instructions evidence corroborating the counsels of the INQUIRE TODAY—Become a Regular, and secure each set as Lord©s special messenger. issued $1 per set—5 sets for $4.75 Eggs The Minister's File Service Another point on which there was scientific 3435 W. Van Buren St., Chicago 24, Illinois corroboration many years after the Ellen G. White declarations on a point touching diet from a scientific standpoint, is found in the matter of eggs as remedial agencies. In 1901 one of our physicians overseas was suffering from THE pernicious anemia, which had been brought LITTLE GIANT HOTOMATIC on by an inadequate diet. There had been a GAS WATER HEATER NO. 3 premature discarding of the use of dairy prod Will supply all the hot water needed for Baptistries, Church Kitchens, Rest Rooms. ucts on the part of this physician. He lived in a Heats 450 CPH, 20° rise in temperature. land where it was difficult to supply the body Inexpensive, too. Write for free folder. Dept. M-24. with the elements it needed without the use of LITTLE GIANT MFG. CO. some dairy products, especially in a diet free 907 7th Street Orange, Texas from flesh foods. Ellen White, in writing him, gave counsel that resulted in the saving of his life. She said: Your devotion to true principles is leading you to submit yourself to a diet which is giving you an ex CHURCH FURNITURE perience that will not recommend health reform. ... It is essential for you to make changes, and at once. Put into your diet something you have left out. It is your duty to do this. Get eggs of healthy APPROPRIATELY fowls. Use these eggs cooked or raw. Drop them uncooked into the best unfermented wine you can DESIGNED find. This will supply that which is necessary to for your church by your system. Do not for a moment suppose that it will not be right to do this. . . . Eggs contain prop competent designers erties which are remedial agencies in counteracting poisons. Counsels on Diet and Foods, p. 204. • The doctor, who was then in his prime, fol lowed this counsel. He used eggs in grape juice, EXPERTLY and it saved his life, and as this article is written the dear old doctor is still living, CONSTRUCTED although retired, a witness to true health re for your satisfaction form. The statement made by Ellen White in this communication was repeated by her in her by skilled mechanics general statement on the subject of health re form, which she presented at the General Con ference of 1909. At that time she said: BASCOM©S CABINET WORKS We should not consider it a violation of principle (Your Seventh-day Adventist firm) to use eggs from hens that are well cared for and Phone 81 Keene, Texas suitably fed. Eggs contain properties that are re medial agencies in counteracting certain poisons. Testimonies, vol. 9, p. 162. Page 46 THE MINISTRY Seventh-day Adventists read and re-read this rot J-iwaza statement, and while it was accepted as being in the body of the E. G. White teachings on health, it had no particular significance. It was not until some thirty years later that Mellanby D)OOKS showed through his experimental work that in diets consisting largely of cereals there was a Nave's Topical Bible, Orville J. Nave, Moody Press, deficiency of vitamin A, or carotin, which Chicago, 1615 pages, $9.95. caused demyelinization of the nerve fibers (loss This huge volume, which was first copyrighted in of nerve-fiber insulation). The yolk of the egg 1896 by the compiler, then a chaplain in the contains vitamin A, and thus the testimony United States Army, continues to enjoy a large concerning the properties of eggs that counter circulation and the appreciation of ministers of act certain poisons, written before vitamins were many faiths. known, was substantiated scientifically by care Billy Graham says, "Outside of the Bible, this is ful research. And Dr. G. K. Abbott, who dis the book I depend on more than any other. . . . Cer cusses this matter at length in an article that was tainly there has been no book that has helped me published in The Testimony of Jesus (1934 ed.), more in my study than Nave's Topical Bible. I by F. M. Wilcox, points out further that it was have recommended it publicly in all my campaigns and use it daily in my study and nightly from the also discovered that certain cereals not only platform." lacked certain vitamins, but contained "some In this topical Bible the compiler has brought definite anti-calcifying substance." This situa together the various texts relating to any given tion becomes acute in a diet deficient in vita topic or person. For instance, eighteen pages are min D. Dr. Abbott quotes from the Journal devoted to the Bible texts on faith under these of the American Medical Association: headings: faith, faith enjoined, faith exemplified, instances of faith, faith in Christ, faith in Christ "Mellanby, himself, was the first to show that the exemplified, trial of faith, faith strengthened by anticakifying effect of cereals or cereal extracts may miracles (see Miracles, design of). Ninety pages be completely nullified by supplementing the diet are devoted to texts on God under fifty-one head with adequate amounts of vitamin D in the form of ings. cod-liver oil, egg yolk, or irradiated fats, or by ir From the first half page devoted to the first radiating the animal, or even the cereal itself." word, Aaron, to the last line in the book referring Thus Ellen White, writing in a letter to one to Zuzims, the volume is just about as exhaustive of our physicians in 1901, stated two facts that as anything one could wish for in a topical compila tion of this sort. Another important feature is its eggs contain remedial properties, and that they elaborate system of cross references to kindred and counteract certain poisons. Thirty years later antithetical subjects. Wide scope is thus given careful scientific research furnishes evidence for each subject by connecting it with those to which these statements based upon revelation. it is related. Surely we can say that Ellen White wrote Any student of the Word who secures for himself well in advance of medical science. And does a copy of Nave's Topical Bible should soon find not the review of these facts confirm in our himself on the track of many a new and fresh hearts confidence in the message from the pro sermon. B. c. phetic pen, whether it deals with theology, or church administration, or Christian living, or Christianity and Western Civilization, Carlton J. H. preparation to meet the Lord, or declarations Hayes, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1954, along scientific lines? 63 pages, $2.50. But of all the scientific subjects dealt with by This distinguished Roman Catholic historian de Ellen G. White statements, that which is velops the thesis that Biblical Christianity has con brought into focus just at the moment by articles tributed certain basic features of our Western civili in the public press is hypnotism. This will be zation, such as rejection of totalitarian authority, discussed in our concluding article. acceptance of constitutional democracy, adherence (Concluded next month) to liberalism, and respect for the individual. The progressive element in our civilization, Professor CHURCH BULLETINS——————— Hayes attributes to the Christian (Catholic as well as Protestant) influence, flowing from Hebrew and Scriptural Artistically Designed early Christian heritage. The facts are organized in Large Assortment Self Selection a masterly way and forcefully presented. The author Lithographed Special Days General Use does not explain, however, how these same Chris He Sure to Get Our Free Catalog and Samples tian influences have fared differently in Protestant ECCLESIASTICAL ART PRESS Europe, in Catholic Europe, and in Eastern Europe. Louisville 12, Kentucky LEIF KR. TOBIASSEN OCTOBER, 1956 Page 47 SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST NEW WORLD MISSION MAP

This new map, showing the world work of Seventh- Only a limited supply has been printed day Adventists, was produced as the result of urgent to be sold on "first come first served" requests from all sections of the world field, and is basis. Make sure of obtaining your copy printed on heavy 32-pound ledger paper, size 66 x 46 by ordering at once. Price, $4.00. Order inches. through your Book and Bible House. Add sales tax where necessary. It lists all of our publishing houses, sanitariums, hospitals, clinics, and major educational institutions. Division fields are designated by distinctive tints with ORDER BLANK division, union, and local conference headquarters indicated. Please send the following: Seventh-day Adventist This new map contains political subdivisions and church centers as in effect February 15, 1956. It is World Mission Map @ $4.00 __ ideal for use in churches, schools, Sabbath schools, Sales Tax Where Necessary Missionary Volunteer Societies, and for arousing mis sion interests in special fields. TOTAL ENCLOSED ...... Name ...... _._.______ORDER FROM YOUR BOOK AND BIBLE HOUSE Address _.._.. .._.._._...______Periodical Department, Review and Herald Pub. Assn. Ci£y -----__ ___.__----- Zone .._..__ Washington 12, B.C. State ___.._ __ Page 48 THE MINISTRY Extension School Lisbon Earthquake (Continued from page 25} (Continued from page 33} how the manuscript discoveries of the last hun kind. Had these men believed the Word of God dred years have re-established, first, the authen and read it with keen understanding and spir ticity of the text of the New Testament, and itual insight, they would have understood the now, more recently, through the famous ©Dead words of the Divine Master: "O fools, and slow Sea scrolls, the reliability of the Old Testament of heart to believe all that the prophets have text. spoken." Weekly round-table and question hours gave REFERENCES 1 Epitre CIV a I'auteur du livre des Trois Imposteurs, 1769, opportunities to discuss various problems. A cited by M. Braunschvig, Notre Litterature Etudiee dans les Communion service, conducted on the afternoon Textes (Paris, 1926), Vol. II, p. 73. 2 A Monsieur le marquis de ViUemeille. Fernay, Aug. 26, of the last Sabbath, firmly knitted all hearts to 1768, cited ibid., p. 75. 3 FRANC.OIS MARIE VOLTAIRE, "Le Poeme sur le Desastre de gether. With it a praise service was conducted Lisbonne en 1755, cu Examen de cet Axiome: Tout est bien in which all participants expressed their grati (1756)"; the text, in French, of the entire poeme is found in George R. Havens, Selections From Voltaire (New York: tude to God in their own tongue. Twenty dif Century Pub. Co., 1925), pp. 246-258. 4 J. J. ROUSSEAU, "Lettre a M. de Voltaire, le 18 aout, ferent languages were heard. This praise serv 1756," Oeuvres et Correspondence inedites de J. J. Rousseau, ice emphasized the international character of par Schreckeisen-Moultou, 1861, cited ibid., pp. 120-122. our work and the marvelous unity in diversity existing in the Advent Movement. The climax of the school came in simple but beautiful graduation exercises on the weekend of May 11 and 12. The consecration service was P©s and R©s .for Public Speakers led by the president of the Northern Philippine (Continued from, page 41} Union Mission, W. J. Hackett. In the Sabbath tate, contemplate; but as you do so, plan to morning service the division president, F. A. bring to life and reality these great events. If Mote, was the speaker. The commencement ad you would preach effectively, you must achieve dress was given by R. G. Manalaysay. this form of reality. A few hours later the workers were return Our parishioners call for living water; they ing to their respective fields, traveling by plane, cry to be fed the bread of life. We must bring ship, bus, or train, to meet new challenges. All it to them in the most appealing fashion pos were eager to return to their work in churches, sible. We must be persuasive, with unobtrusive institutions, or public evangelism, and to put technique and careful organization. We must into practice the things they had learned. The be positive, personal, and real. Most of all, if months and years to come will show, in souls we are to achieve that goal of all preachers the won to the message and in a deeper consecra "Well done" of our Lord there must be a tion among workers and lay members alike, depth of consecration and conviction, and a de how much this Seminary Extension School has pendence at all times upon Him who alone done for the Far Eastern Division. can touch hearts!

The Minister©s Education THE OBJECT Is THY faith fixed on the (Continued from page 52} OF OUR FAITH precious blood? Then thou art in the covenant. Canst most far-reaching influence. It needs great men. thou read thy name in the bloody characters of a Does true higher education lead a man to en Saviour©s atonement, who says to all, "Come unto deavor to demonstrate his superiority to others, to me"? Then shalt thou read it one day in the look disdainfully upon those whose training is not golden letters of the Father©s election. He that be- equal to his? On the contrary, he will be an instru lieveth is elected. The blood is the symbol, the ment humbly, unobtrusively lifting those that have token, the earnest, the surety, the seal of the cove a lesser knowledge and experience. nant of grace to thee. By this blood, sin is can Let us work and pray together, availing ourselves celled; by Jesus© agonies, justice is satisfied; by His of the opportunities provided at our Seminary. But death, the law is honoured; and by that blood in all may each worker seek knowledge with only one pur its mediatorial efficacy, and in all its cleansing pose in mind that the coming of our Lord and power, Christ fulfills all that He stipulated to do Saviour may be hastened! on the behalf of His people toward God. SPUR- w. s. GEON. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 49 ;S3vS!5<5:S!S!5;S!S<5;5^^ FOLDING CHAIRS • IN Stee£ OR UHxxL PREACH m FOLDING BANQUET TABLES MORE EFFECTIVELY CATALOGUE J.P. REDINGTON&CO. by having at your finger tips— SCRANTON

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______CATALOG—FREE______Thousands of "Hard to Find" Theological books and sets now COOPERATION Ax CAMP MACARTHUR, Texas, in stock. Write for free catalog. Complete libraries pur in World War I, it was neces chased. Kregel's Bookstore, Grand Rapids 6, Michigan. 2-12t sary to move a YMCA building. An officer of en gineers offered his services. He had the floors taken up. Then he had 600 men placed around the joists ______MUSIC______Musical Bells—Cowbells, steel or cast, sleighbells, Chorded and 200 around the outside of the building. When Clusters, Choral Concert Glasses. 440 Pitch. Terms. Evangel the command was given, 800 men lifted TOGETHER; Bells, Michigan City, Indiana. and at the command "Forward march!" the 800 men marched TOGETHER, carrying the building to its new location about half a mile away. No one had ______OBJECT TALK SUPPLIES______to lift more than 50 pounds. It was cooperation You Can Entertain for all occasions with our Chalk Talk Ma terial. Send 10 cents for our illustrated catalog. Balda Art that did it. ALVA J. BRASTED. Service, Dept. 88, Oshkosh, Wis. Pase 50 THE MINISTRY From AH the World To All the World

SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Law of Life-Service

.L things both in heaven and in earth de all are called to be ministers or missionaries in A clare that the great law of life is a law the ordinary sense of the term; but all may be of service. The infinite Father ministers to the workers with Him in giving the ©glad tidings© to life of every living thing. Christ came to the their fellow men. To all, great or small, learned earth ©as He that serveth.© Luke 22:27. The or ignorant, old or young, the command is angels are ©ministering spirits, sent forth to given." Ibid., p. 264. minister for them who shall be heirs of salva "The work to which as Christians we are tion.© Hebrews 1:14. The same law of service called is to co-operate with Christ for the salva is written upon all things in nature. The birds tion of souls. This work we have entered into of the air, the beasts of the field, the trees of covenant with Him to do." Christ's Object the forest, the leaves, the grass, and the flowers, Lessons (C.H.L.), p. 358. the sun in the heavens and the stars of light "Christ©s followers have been redeemed for all have their ministry. Lake and ocean, service. Our Lord teaches that the true object of river and water spring each takes to give. life is ministry. Christ Himself was a worker, "As each thing in nature ministers thus to and to all His followers He gives the law of the world©s life, it also secures its own. ©Give, service service to God and to their fellow men. and it shall be given unto you© (Luke 6:38), is Here Christ has presented to the world a higher the lesson written no less surely in nature than conception of life than they had ever known. in the pages of Holy Writ." Education By living to minister for others, man is brought (C.H.L.), p. 103. into connection with Christ. The law of service "Whether we recognize it or not, we are becomes the connecting link which binds us to stewards, supplied from God with talents and God and to our fellow men. facilities, and placed in the world to do a "To His servants Christ commits ©His goods© work appointed by Him. something to be put to use for Him. He gives "To every man is given ©his work© (Luke ©to every man his work.© Each has his place in 13:34), the work for which his capabilities adapt the eternal plan of heaven. Each is to work in him, the work which will result in greatest co-operation with Christ for the salvation of good to himself and to his fellow men, and in souls. Not more surely is the place prepared greatest honor to God." Ibid., pp. 137, 138. for us in the heavenly mansions than is the "By the terms of our stewardship we are special place designated on earth where we are placed under obligation, not only to God, but to work for God." Ibid., pp. 326, 327. to man. To the infinite love of the Redeemer "In our life here, earthly, sin-restricted every human being is indebted for the gifts though it is, the greatest joy and the highest of life. Food and raiment and shelter, body education are in service. And in the future and mind and soul all are the purchase of state, untrammeled by the limitations of sinful His blood. And by the obligation of gratitude humanity, it is in service that our greatest joy and service thus imposed, Christ has bound and our highest education will be found wit us to our fellow men." Ibid., p. 139. nessing, and ever as we witness learning anew " ©Go ye into all the world, and preach the ©the riches of the glory of this mystery;© ©which gospel to every creature© (Mark 16:15), is is Christ in you, the hope of glory.© " Educa Christ©s command to His followers. Not that tion, p. 309. OCTOBER, 1956 Page 51 OINTERS TO PROGRESS

DO IT YOURSELF THE "DO IT YOURSELF" lectually to work for God." Christ's Object Lessons, fever is currently gripping pp. 333, 334. the country. It is a fatal formula when applied to Wrote Percy Bysshe Shelley: "The more we study, the minister©s relationship to his congregation. For the more we discover our ignorance." There is a the minister to shoulder the myriad responsibilities healthy and desirable result of systematic study, with of church programing is to convert the church into its ever-beckoning heights of attainment, that will a vast infirmary. always keep us humble. One thing I have much ad Few things are more pathetic than to visit a mired in great men, well-educated men: they are church where the minister handles every little detail, humble because they know how little they know. while capable people sit in the pews. Not a few Conscious of that fact, we will keep studying the rest church problems stem from the pastor©s Herculean of our lives. Old age may bring its physical limita attempt to carry the church on his shoulders. tions, but may each of us keep mentally and spir itually alert to the last breath. While it is true that every congregation is di How happy we are that the General Conference, vided into two classes those who like to help to get following the clear lines of instruction given through things done, and those who will encourage you to go the Lord©s servant, has made possible our Seventh- ahead and do it most church members will gladly day Adventist Theological Seminary, in Washing serve if given an opportunity. When you are ill, ton, D.C. In this institution we find consecrated in brother pastor, it will probably surprise you to dis cover your own nonindispensability. E. E. c. structors, many of them outstanding specialists in their fields even in the eyes of scholars of the world. We ought to thank God for this institution brought into being for one purpose that our ministers and teachers might acquire under the best possible con THE MINISTER©S ELBERT HUBBARD said it: ditions the higher education needed in the finishing of the work. Every minister ought to avail himself, EDUCATION "Education is a conquest, when and if possible, of the opportunities offered not a bequest. It cannot be given; it must be achieved." Every minister or by this noble institution. teacher who has made a real contribution to the But what of the motive for this advanced study? work of God is one who has worked long and un Here is where we need to think deeply and honestly. falteringly to qualify himself for the efficient dis Is the underlying motive a desire to leave the min charge of his appointed task. On the other hand, istry, with its first-hand contact with souls, in or some ministers today are mediocre in their preach der to obtain a position of greater prestige and ing and in results of their preaching simply be wider recognition? Or is the motive for study a deep, cause they have no desire, or are not willing, to burning desire to serve more efficiently as a winner of souls, to obtain a masterly skill in shepherding pay the price of the higher training they need. the flock? A man who is truly educated, and truly But is it not the guidance of the Holy Spirit, converted, will not be looking for higher position rather than education, that is essential? True, the or power or influence, but will be most humble and first and greatest and the one indispensable qualifi ready to be spent for the cause to which he has cation of a minister is that he be filled and con been called. trolled by the Spirit of God. Education can never Should the man who has received his Ph.D. or his take the place of the power of God in a minister©s B.D. conclude that he is now too good and too valu preaching and in his life. But if a man is truly under able a man to return to pastoral ministry or evan the guidance of the Spirit, will he not be divinely led gelism? The pastor is continually a representative to feel his need of all the education possible? And of Christ in the church and in the community. The will he not be willing to bend every effort to obtain evangelist is ever on the firing line, meeting all the training he needs? The servant of the Lord types of people and accountable for the favorable wrote: and unfavorable impressions the people form of "If placed under the control of His Spirit, the Seventh-day Adventists. Should not pastors and more thoroughly the intellect is cultivated, the more evangelists, in the very nature of their work, be so effectively it can be used in the service of God. . . . far as possible the very cream of the products of our The Lord desires us to obtain all the education pos educational system, in addition to first being filled sible, with the object in view of imparting our with the Spirit of God? Evangelism public and per knowledge to others. . . . We should not let slip sonal is the greatest work in the world, and of the even one opportunity of qualifying ourselves intel- (Continued on page 49) Pa?e 52 THE MINISTRY