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Lesson Plan: Oil Painting Techniques Grades: MS & HS Art

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Lesson Plan: Oil Painting Techniques Grades: MS & HS Art Lesson Plan: Oil Painting Techniques Grades: MS & HS Art Supplies: • Jars for mediums & solvents (glass jar • Oil Paints or tin can) • Oil Brushes • Paint Medium Comparison Handout • Canvas Panels or Framed (for project) • Basic Oil Painting Techniques • Canvas Paper for worksheet Worksheet • Gesso • Advance Oil Painting Techniques • Odorless Turpenoid Worksheet • Linseed oil • Labels for jars • Palette Knife Lesson One: Introduction to Oil Paints Lesson Two: Exploring Different Methods of Applying Paint (Part One) Lesson Three: Exploring Different Methods of Applying Paint (Part Two) Objectives: • Students will understand the difference between water based & oil based mediums. • Identify & experience oil painting supplies. • Learn & experience various oil painting techniques. • Students will learn about the medium of oil paints, care of supplies, & how to paint with them. • Students will learn how to set up their painting area. Explore different methods of applying paint. • They will learn various techniques & procedures for getting started, painting with oil paints, and cleaning up procedures. Preparation: • Pre-mix the “medium” (1:1 ratio of Linseed Oil & Odorless Turpenoid) & pour in small glass jars (baby food or small canning jars work great). • Copy “Paint Medium Comparison Handout ” one per student (Optional) or display with document projector. • Copy “Basic Oil Painting Techniques Worksheet” onto cardstock or “paper canvas” one per student • Copy “Advance Oil Painting Techniques Worksheet” onto cardstock or “paper canvas” one per student © Michelle C. East - Create Art with ME 2017 Lesson One: Introduction to Oil Paints Delivery: Class One (45 minutes) 1. Oil Paint: a. Observe and experience the differences between water-based and oil-based paints. (See “Paint Medium Comparison” Handout ) i. What are differences in Watercolors, Acrylics and Oil Paints? 1. Watercolor: Water-based paint that can be reconstituted when water is reintroduced to the paint. This is not considered a permanent paint. Watercolors have a fast drying time and absorb into the paper. Water is used to thin the paint. 2. Acrylic: Water-based polymer (plastic) paint that can NOT be reconstituted when water is reintroduced to the paint after it has dried. This is considered a permanent paint when it is dry. Acrylics have a fast drying time and sit on top of the gessoed canvas or paper. Acrylics are thinned with water or gel medium. 3. Oil: Oil-based paint that can NOT be reconstituted when a solvent is reintroduced to the paint after it has dried. This is considered a permanent paint when it is dry. Oils have a slow drying time by themselves, but special mediums can be added to increase drying time. Oil paints sit on top of the gessoed canvas. Paper is not an advisable surface for oils to be painted on. Oil paints are thinned with paint thinner, linseed oil, Liquin, or another oil paint medium. ii. Observing the Differences: Show physical pieces of art painted with all three: watercolor, acrylic, and oil paints. Set the artwork up side by side. Have students discuss observations that they notice about the different paintings. Optional: Break into groups and record observations then share as a class. Prompts: 1. Is the paint thick or thin? 2. Is the paint transparent or opaque? 3. Are there layers of paint? 4. Do the paint look heavy or light in weight? 5. Can you see the paint texture? (this answer has to do with how the artist applied the paint) 6. Is the paint shiny or does it have a matte finish? iii. Optional Experience-Feeling the Difference: 1. Put a small daub of acrylic paint in some student’s fingers, have the smoosh it between their fingers- discuss observations about the paint. Wash off with water. 2. Put a small daub of oil paint in each students fingers, have the smoosh it between their fingers- tell observations/differences between the 2 types of paints. Try to washi it off with water-what happens? Demonstrate how you have to clean up from oils and discuss the difference between the oil versus water-based paints. 3. Discuss the colors we will be using: Lemon Yellow, Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Cadmium Red, Alizarin Crimson, Ultra Marine Blue, Prussian Blue, Viridian Hue, Sap Green, Burnt Umber, Lamp Black, & Titanium White. 4. Optional : Color Mixing Chart Lesson © Michelle C. East - Create Art with ME 2017 b. Prepare Paint Palette: Laying out the colors on the palette i. The Palette: there are many options for the palette itself. 1. Glass (with tape around the edges): allows for a smooth mixing surface, but clean up requires using a utility blade to scrape off the paint. This may not be something you want to do with school age children. 2. Plastic tray with wax paper: This is the method I use with my class. I purchased “Creativitray Fingerpaint Trays” and we cut a sheet of wax paper to line the bottom & sides. We also put five dabs of medium on the tray before placing the wax paper on top. This helps the wax paper to not move as you work on the palette. Cover with foil to store it. ii. Set up your palette like the color wheel adding white, black and brown. Place paint on the outside perimeter of the palette & leave space in between paints and in the center for mixing. *If you need more mixing surface, get a small sheet of wax paper to work on (this paint cannot be saved so don’t mix large quantities on this spare sheet). iii. From left to right: Lemon Yellow, Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Cadmium Red, Alizarin Crimson, Ultra Marine Blue, Prussian Blue, Viridian Hue, Sap Green, Burnt Umber, Lamp Black, & Titanium White. © Michelle C. East - Create Art with ME 2017 2. Brushes: Knowledge of brushes and the types of strokes they can create is very important. Brush strokes can define volume, edges or plains, create texture, and redefine the shape of an object. a. Bristle versus Sable Brushes: i. Bristle brushes are made of hog bristles. They are course and stiff and will usually leave visible brush strokes in the paint surface. They are good for sketching basic shapes, blocking in masses, and general blending. ii. Sable Brushes are made from weasel, horse, etc. The bristles are very soft and won’t leave obvious brush strokes. They are good for detail work, smoothing, and painting fine lines. b. Types of Brushes: i. Flat: the ferrule is flat Flat ii. Round: the ferrule is round iii. Bright: the ferrule is square but short & stubby iv. Filbert: the ferrule is shaped like an oval at the top c. Brush Sizes: The number on the brush refers to the size of the brush. The lower the number the smaller the brush size. The larger Round the number, the larger the brush size. d. How to hold brushes : i. Classic: like holding a pencil ii. Overhand: like how you would hold a screwdriver e. Palette Knife: Palette knives can also be used to apply paint to the canvas. Palette knives are excellent for producing a range of textural effects. i. “Load” the palette knife by placing the knife on its side in a thin layer of paint and pulling it along the palette to pick up a “roll” of paint. ii. Palette Knife Techniques 1. Use the long side of the blade to spread paint across your canvas as you would spread butter on a slice of bread. 2. Create a textured effect by pressing the blade with paint and gliding it onto the surface. Even pressure will create a smooth texture on the surface of the paint. Slightly lifting and rocking the knife back and forth, it will create a rough and broken texture called Scumbling . 3. To produce small dots or a Stippling effect, apply paint using only the tip of the blade. 4. To create thin lines, press the thin edge of the knife down and drag the side of the knife keeping it upright. 5. Sgraffito: Apply a thin layer of paint (let dry) and apply a second coat of a different color on top. Use the knife to scrape back into the paint to reveal underlying layers of paint. f. Cleaning Brushes: i. 1st Use odorless Turpenoid Natural to remove the majority of the paint. Swirl brushes in the container until it is mostly clean. ii. 2nd Use soap & water to remove all remaining paint from brushes or knives. iii. 3rd Place brushes and knives upright or laying down flat to dry. © Michelle C. East - Create Art with ME 2017 3. Mediums : Medium in art can have two different meanings: first, the tool used to create art with-painting, sculpture, print, etc. or second, in oil painting, the term “medium” refers to the substance used to thin the paint (a solvent) . This is the way we will use this term. Oil paints can be thinned with linseed oil, turpentine (odorless Turpenoid), or mineral spirits. a. For our “medium”, we will use a mixture of half Linseed oil & half odorless Turpenoid b. When to use the mediums? i. To help the paint have a smoother flow (thinner). ii. To clean the brushes (only Turpeniod or mineral spirits). iii. Linseed oil or Liquin added to the paint thins it as well and is used for glazing (layering transparent layers of paint over existing paint). This technique has been used for hundreds of years. 4. Canvas & Gesso: Canvas panel is the type of surface we will be painting on. It is coated with a special primer called gesso. a. Types of surfaces : canvas panels, framed/stretched canvas, and paper coated with gesso or canvas b. Gesso: The gesso is applied to protect the canvas & provide a nonabsorbent surface to paint on.
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