Moon Village Architecture Working Group 2020-2021 MV Architecture Studies 29 SEPTEMBER 2020

John C. Mankins Vice President, Moon Village Association co-Chair, MVA Moon Village Architecture Working Group Global Mission History / Timeline (10 January 2020) Not all Missions / Cubesats / Payloads Shown 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16 2017-18

Chang’e 1 Chang’e 2 Longiang ORBITERS 2007 2010 Orbiter or FLYBYS Lunar Prospector KAYUGA LRO 1998 2007+ 2009

SMART-1 Chandrayaan-1 GRAIL LADEE Orb+Impactor Orb + Impactor Orb+Impactor Orb + Impactor LCROSS LANDERS Impactor Chang’e 3 Lander

Chang’e 3 ROVERS Yutu Rover

ROBOTIC SAMPLE RETURNS HUMAN SORTIES & OPS John C. Mankins 10/11/20 Expanding Humanity to the Moon: Architectural Considerations Vice President, Moon Village Association Global Mission Forecast / Timeline (January 2020) Not all Missions / Cubesats / Payloads Shown Later? 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

ORBITERS EM-1 (?) Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway Chandrayaan-2 Cis-Lunar Cis-Lunar Cis-Lunar Cis-Lunar or FLYBYS Orbiter Demo + Cubesats HERACLES KPLO Luna 26 DESTINY Lander Orbiter Polar Orbiter Flyby Luna 28-29 Landers + Tech Demos StarShip Later? Chang'e 4 Chandrayaan-3 SLIM Luna 27 Blue Moon StarShip LANDERS Polar LANDER st st Lander Lander Pinpoint Lander 1 Landing 1 Landing? Blue Moon Later? PTScientists CLPS Chang’e 7 Lunar Polar Expl. Chang’e 8 ASTROBOTIC Rover South Pole Base Demo Lander Lander South Pole Lander

CLPS Lunar Polar Expl. Chang'e 4 Chandrayaan-3 ASTROBOTIC Rover HERACLES ROVERS Rover Rover VIPER Rover US Polar Rover South Polar Rover Pressurized Rover ROBOTIC Chang’e 5 Chang’e 7 HERACLES SAMPLE Sample Return South Pole SR Sample Return RETURNS Human Oribtal HUMAN SLS/Orion StarShip US Crew SORTIES Free Return Flyaround? South Polar Landing US China, Japan, Russia & OPS South Polar Ops Human Landings John C. Mankins 10/11/20 Expanding Humanity to the Moon: Architectural Considerations Vice President, Moon Village Association Moon Village Reference Architecture Case Study Conceptual Framework

Scenarios Architectural Elements

SCIENCE (Instruments, Observatories, Laboratories, etc.) Scenario AE-MM_2.0 HUMAN SYSTEMS MARS MISSION ALPHA (Hab, Ops, EVA, Safety) ANALOGUES AE-MM_1.0 AE-MM_3.0

SURFACE SYSTEMS LUNAR (Mobility, O&M, etc.) ORBIT SYSTEMS AE-SS_1.0 AE-OS_1.0 MV Architecture

Scenario BETA SPACE-2-SPACE TRANSPORT CIS-LUNAR Building Blocks IN-SPACE SYSTEMS (Orbit-2-Orbit, Orbit-2-Surface, etc.) AE-OS_2.0 AE-TS_2.0

EARTH ORBIT EARTH-TO-ORBIT SYSTEMS TRANSPORT AE-TS_1.0 (LEO, GEO, etc.) AE-OS_3.0 Scenario EARTH-BASED MISSION OPERATIONS R&D FACILITIES & (MCC, Launch Facilities, etc.) GAMMA EARTH ANALOGUES AE-EB_1.0 AE-EB_2.0

10/11/20 Expanding Humanity to the Moon: Architectural Considerations 4 Framework (1) It is Impossible to Know the Future…

The MVA has defined a set of Alpha: Moon Village Scenarios Government / Human Space Flight-driven

Beta: Government / Science-driven

And the potential of the Moon is Gamma: emerging Private Venture-driven rapidly…

10/11/20 Expanding Humanity to the Moon: Architectural Considerations 5 MV Architecture Case Study SCIENCE Framework (2) (Instruments, Observatories, Laboratories, etc.) AE-MM_2.0 HUMAN SYSTEMS MARS MISSION (Hab, Ops, EVA, Safety) ANALOGUES AE-MM_1.0 AE-MM_3.0

SURFACE SYSTEMS LUNAR (Mobility, O&M, etc.) ORBIT SYSTEMS AE-SS_1.0 AE-OS_1.0

SPACE-2-SPACE CIS-LUNAR TRANSPORT IN-SPACE SYSTEMS (Orbit-2-Orbit, Orbit-2-Surface, etc.) AE-OS_2.0 MV Architectural Element... AE-TS_2.0 Earth-Based: AE-EB_X.0 Mission & Market: AE-MM_X.0 EARTH ORBIT EARTH-TO-ORBIT Orbital System: AE-OS_X.0 SYSTEMS Surface System: AE-SS_X.0 TRANSPORT AE-TS_1.0 (LEO, GEO, etc.) Transport System: AE-TS_X.0 AE-OS_3.0 EARTH-BASED Comm & Networks MISSION OPERATIONS Logistics / Interfaces R&D FACILITIES & (MCC, Launch Facilities, etc.) EARTH ANALOGUES AE-EB_1.0 AE-EB_2.0

10/11/20 Expanding Humanity to the Moon: Architectural Considerations 6 MV Architecture Case Studies Building Blocks Utilities Habitation / Self-sustaining ‘Biospheres’ • Communications & Networks • Habitable Volume (Pressure Vessel, Air, Water, Lighting, Thermal • Power Generation & Energy Systems Management, etc.) • Position Location and Navigation • Radiation Protection • Imaging & Operational Sensing • Agricultural Systems • Computing and Data Management • Biological Waste Processing & Recycling Transport & Logistics Human Operations & Health • Space Transport Systems (incl. Surface-2-Surface) • EVA Systems ü Space Transport Vehicles (Expendable, Reusable, etc.) ü Airlocks ü Landing Systems & Vehicle Support Systems ü EVA Suits ü Personal Mobility Systems ü Advanced Launch Concepts ü EVA Maintenance Systems • Surface Transport (Crew, Cargo, Materials) • Medical Care Systems (Urgent Care, Immunology, Surgical Operations Care, etc.) • Dust Mitigation • Lunar-Gravity Mitigation • Construction Robotic Systems (Surrogates / Augmentation) • Physical Waste Processing & Recycling • Robotic Systems - Interior • Manufacturing • Robotic Systems – Interior / Exterior Resources • Robotic Systems – Exterior / Remote • Resources Exploration & Characterization Science Missions / Payloads • Mining Systems & Resources Extraction • Science of the Moon (geophysics) • Resources Processing & Handling • Science from the Moon (Astrophysics) • Science on the Moon (Laboratories Sciences) 10/11/20 From the Moon Village - A Lunar Settlement Case Study 7