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Tephrosia Purpurea International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 10-11-2020; Accepted: 24-11-2020: Published: 10-12-2020 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 6; 2020; Page No. 773-777 A review on pharmacological profile of an important hepatoprotective herbal plant: Tephrosia purpurea Reni Nigam1*, Rashmi Arnold2 1 Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Botany, Govt. Girls PG College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract Tephrosia purpurea is a member of fabaceae family have subfamily of papillonaceae. It is a small herb having extensive variety of healing properties and used widely in many countries across the world. It is a wild plant known as Sarpankh in Hindi, Fish poison in English and found to be effective in treating many chronic degenerative or mild to moderate functional ailments (alcoholic liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, pre-cirrhotic condition, protein energy malnutrition, radiation and chemotherapy induced liver damage). Tephrosia purpurea extracts have a wide range of pharmacological activities viz. hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiulcer, antihyperglycemic antihyperlipidemia, antilipidperoxidative, immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant, wound healing property, antiallergic activity, ant- inflammatory, anti H. pylori, nephroprotective, haemolysis, antileishmanial, antilithiatic and inhibition of mast cell degranulation etc. This review summarizes the information about its traditional uses, pharmacological profile, biological activities and isolated chemical constituents of the plant. Keywords: pharmacological, hepatoprotective herbal plant, Tephrosia purpurea Introduction Root The genus tephrosia, pantropical taxa with around 400 In Unani medicinal system, root is suggested valuable in species are incorporated in this genus. The plants in genus treatment of different diseases like bronchitis, liver and tephrosia are indigenous to India and distributed throughout spleen illness, inflammation, boils, pimples, rheumatism, the world, found in Ceylon, Mauritius, Tropical, Africa, asthma, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and urinary issues [6]. The Arid regions and Subtropical regions of the world. It is fresh root-bark in pill form are given with black pepper in common in India, Sri Lanka, Malay Peninsula, China and colic issue. In Sri Lanka, roots decoction is utilized as a Hawaii [1]. In India, there are twenty-four species were nematicide for curing lung infection caused by Toxocora recorded and found in the areas of Andhra Pradesh, canis larvae. It is helpful in leprous wound and juice of root Haryana, Rajasthan and Tamil Naidu. As per taxonomic is used directly the rash of the skin and a liniment prepared classification, Tephrosia purpurea is member of fabaceae from the roots is utilized in elephantiasis disease [7]. Root family have subfamily of papillonaceae [2]. It is a highly powder is smoked for diseases associated with respiration branched suberect herbaceous perennial, up to 60m in height and is also applied on wounds and leprosy. Roots have with spreading branches; the leaves are imparipinnate, with piscicidal and insecticidal properties and also used as narrow, oblanceolate leaflets; the flowers are purple red or vermifuge [8]. in extra-axillary racemes, the pods are slightly curved, 3- 4.5cm long, grey, smooth and containing 5-10 seeds per pod Leaves [3]. Tephrosia purpurea, is a wild plant known as Tephrosia purpurea leaves are utilized as a tonic to the “Sarapunkha” in Sanskrit, Sarpankh in Hindi, ‘Purple intestine, improve hunger, excellent in piles, suggested tephrosia’ or ‘Wild indigo’ and Fish poison in English. As valuable in diseases of chest and lungs, syphilis and indicated by Ayurveda literature, Tephrosia purpurea has gonorrhea and also used in pectoral disease, dyspepsia and additionally given the name of “wranvishapaka” which haemmarrhoid [7]. implies that it has the property of curing different types of wounds [4, 5]. Tephrosia purpurea has various Pods pharmacological activities against various diseases and it Tephrosia purpurea pods extract is found to be effective as contains important phytochemical constituents that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and decoction of pod is been studied and proven to be effective and valuable important as vermifuge and to avert vomiting symptoms [8]. therapeutic compounds. The present study aims to review the studies conducted on various pharmacological activities Seed of Tephrosia purpurea. Infusion of seed is valuable as anthelmentic oil and seeds yield beneficial oil used for skin illness like scabies and Medicinal uses of Tephrosia purpurea leucoderma, itch, eczema and other skin eruptions. It is one of the most significant plants used in the conventional system of medicine. Various parts of plants are Fruits used as herbal remedy for treatment of various ailments. In southern India, a decoction of Tephrosia purpurea fruit is used against intestinal worms and a fruit extract is utilized 773 International Journal of Botany Studies www.botanyjournals.com to reduce inflammatory troubles and bodily pain. extracts) also showed anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cell lines in Swiss albino mice [11]. Whole plant Its aerial parts are utilized for treatment of various disease Antiulcer activity & Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity like cutaneous toxicities, asthma, cough, pain and The antiulcer activity of Tephrosia purpurea aqueous root inflammation. The dried plant is found to be effective as extract was tested on animal. The significant antiulcer diuretic, tonic, laxative and also used in curing of bleeding property of extract may be either due to cytoprotective piles, boils, bilious febrile attack, pimples and obstructions action of the extract or by strengthening of gastric and of the spleen, liver and kidneys. It is also suggested to duodenal mucosa and thus enhancing mucosal defense [13]. utilized as a blood purifier [4, 5]. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of different fractions of methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea against clinical Taxonomic classification isolates and standard strains of Helicobacter pylori, [14] including metronidazole-resistant strains were reported . Table 1 Sub kingdom Tracheobionta Hepatoprotective activity Superdivision Spermatophyta The hepatoprotective impact of Tephrosia purpurea [15] Divison Magnoliophyta ethanolic root extract had been reported . Furthermore, Class Magnoliopside examined the hepatoprotective impact of ethyl acetate part Sub class Rosidae of Tephrosia purpurea ethanolic root extract (EETP) (25 Order Fabales and 50 mg/kg/day, parenterally) in rats by instigating Family Leguminosae (fabaceae) hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (0.5 ml/kg, Subfamily Papilonaceae intraperitoneal) [16]. The powdered aerial parts of Tephrosia Genus Tephrosia Pers. purpurea administration in rats avert the elevation of Species Tephrosia purpurea (Linn) Pers. enzymes for example (SGOT), (SGPT), bilirubin levels [17]. Furthermore, Tephrosia purpurea ethanolic root extract Phytoconstituents of Tephrosia purpurea displayed hepatoprotective activity and decrease in There are various phytochemicals reported in Tephrosia hepatospecific enzymes [18]. The treatment with Tephrosia purpurea; glycosides of Tephrosia purpurea like quercetin purpurea leaves reestablished the level of liver marker and rutin, retenoids like rotenone, deguelin, elliptone and enzymes in rats [19]. In Indian market, one of the most tephrosin, flavonoids like pongaglabol, tephrosin, effective ingredients of herbal formulations accessible for semiglabrin, purpuritenin, purpureamethide, pongamol, liver diseases is Tephrosia purpurea [20]. karanjin, lanceolatin B, (+)-tephrorins A, (+)-tephrorins B, (+)-tephrosone, purpurenone, (+)-purpurin, (−)purpurin, Wound healing activity dehydroisoderricin, (−)-maackiain, pseudosemiglabrin, (−)- The wound healing activity of Tephrosia purpurea hydro semiglabrin, terpurinflavone, pongamol, (-)- alcoholic extract was studied in streptozotocin induced isolonchocarpin, 7,4‘-dihydroxy-3‘,5‘-dimethoxyisoflavone, diabetic rats. The outcomes demonstrated that extract (+)-tephropurpurin, (−)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-8,9-, exhibited prominent wound healing activity [21]. The wound methylenedioxypterocarpan, (−)-medicarpin, 3‘-methox healing activity of ointment prepared from Tephrosia desmoxyphyllin B, 3,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxycoumestan, purpurea (aerial part) was indicated significant (P<0.05) isoglabratephrin, tephropurpulin A, quercitin, increment in fibroblast cells, collagen fibers and blood rutinydaidzein, Ester stigmast-5, 22-dien-34, 21diol-34, 21- vessels formation [22]. dihexadecanoate, glycosides-serratin 7-O-[β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galoctopyranoside, sterol -β- Antidiabetic activity sitosterol, spinasterol-α Acid, ursolic acid [9]. Tephrosia purpurea seeds have significant The chief secondary phytoconstituents in Tephrosia antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative impacts as well purpurea are quercetin, rutin, elliptone, retenoids, deguelin, as improved antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic rats rotenone, lupeol and tephrosin and small are flavanones, [23]. In another examination, hydro alcoholic and aqueous lanceolatin A, B & C, isolonchocarpin and purpurin from leaves extract shown anti-diabetic potential but was also root and from whole plant is pongamol [5,9,10,11]. seen as low when monitored side by side with standard medication glibenclamide with the dose (5 mg/kg
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