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2017 Year in Review

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2017 Year in Review SCIENCE 2017 YEAR IN REVIEW Plants are fundamental to life, from the air that we breathe to the food that we eat. Science is the foundation of botanic gardens, from understanding how to grow plants in gardens to conserving biodiversity outside gardens. Thus, plant science serves as a key programmatic element at Denver Botanic Gardens. Science at Denver Botanic Gardens ON THE COVER AV Infrastructure and Media Arts Project Manager Gavin Culbertson won first place in the American Institute of Biological Sciences’ 2017 Faces of Biology Photo Contest for his picture of a master’s student identifying plants Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium of Vascular Plants moved to Denver Botanic Gardens 1959 Science at the Gardens Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium of The mission of the Gardens’ science program is to investigate and explain biodiversity patterns and Living Collection first accessioned Vascular Plants specimen information 1964 2012 available online processes. We conduct rigorous, scientific research; engage stakeholders across local and global Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi established communities to share our knowledge and expertise; and expand and maintain the Gardens’ scientific 1967 Phenology Trail at York Street established Founding member of the Center for 2013 capacity to contribute to our vision of a biodiverse world. Each project and partnership we pursue Plant Conservation (CPC) 1984 Joined the Global Partnership for advances this mission. Plant Conservation Accredited by the American Alliance 2014 of Museums 1985 Phenology Trail at Mount Goliath and 2017 saw expansions in programs and partnerships. New staff and graduate students contributed to Chatfield Farms established increased documentation of vascular plants and fungi, initiated investigations on fungal evolution and Monitoring of Astragalus microcymbus initiated 1995 Launched graduate program through the taxonomy, delved deeper into tissue culture propagation techniques and enhanced our seed ecology and Department of Research & Conservation formed Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Colorado Denver conservation program. New partnerships with the Global Genome Initiative – Gardens and Global Genome Monitoring of Penstemon harringtonii initiated 1996 Denver Botanic Gardens’ Collection of Biodiversity Network drove us to collect plant tissue samples expanding the list of species available to a Arthropods established Monitoring of Eriogonum brandegeei initiated 2015 global network of genomic researchers. 2004 Joined the Global Genome Biodiversity Adjunct Researcher program established Network (GGBN) and signed onto the Global Genome Initiative – In recognition of our roots, we celebrated 50 years of fungi at the Gardens with a year-long appreciation Monitoring of Sclerocactus glaucus initiated 2007 Gardens program of the importance of fungi in our ecosystems and the role the Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi plays in the Conservation Genetics Lab founded with funds Joined the Ecological Restoration Alliance documentation and understanding of fungal diversity in the Southern Rocky Mountain Region. from the Gladys Cheesman Evans Endowment 2009 2016 of Botanic Gardens As we prepare to break ground on the new Freyer – Newman Center for Science, Art and Education in Tissue Culture program initiated with funds from Joined North American Mycoflora Project the Gladys Cheesman Evans Endowment 2010 2018, we look forward to the next chapter of science at the Gardens. Celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi specimen Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi information available online 2011 2017 Gardens photographer Scott Dressel-Martin won third place in the American Institute of Biological Sciences’ 2017 Faces of Biology Photo Contest for his Cleaning seeds to be deposited in a seed bank picture of imaging herbarium specimens as part of our partnership with CPC 2 | Denver Botanic Gardens Science 2017 Year in Review | 1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Collecting a tissue sample for the Global Juniperus horizontalis Scientific Highlights Laccaria spores Genome Initiative – Gardens program Rescuing Physaria bellii Population Biology Fungal Biodiversity Global Genome Plant Exploration Astragalus microcymbus Biodiversity Network 1,000 For many rare species, we lack vital information about their life histories Exploring the depths of fungal diversity For three decades, the Gardens has is a daunting task, but we are digging We are expanding genetic resources been involved in plant exploration. 500 or long-term responses to environmental variation. To support their deeper to explore and expose the through collections. The Global Genome Globally and regionally we explore 0 conservation, we provide critical data to land and natural resource managers unique fungal flora of the Southern Initiative – Gardens program, supported ecosystems similar to Colorado’s on the status and biology of these rare species. Long-term demographic 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Rockies. Towards this goal, we joined by the Smithsonian, aims to make tissue to find plants with ornamental monitoring has long been a foundation of our conservation programs. the North American Mycoflora samples of all living plant species potential. These plants are assessed Penstemon harringtonii We monitor demographic rates, herbivory, land use and plant responses Project (mycoflora.org) as a regional available to researchers to preserve and for cultivation and introduction 2,000 to climate variables, which enables land and natural resource managers leader and contributor. Broadly, this understand the earth’s genomic diversity. to Colorado as landscape plants 1,000 to best manage for the survival of these species. Currently we monitor project seeks to collect, describe This year, the Gardens kick-started our based on their ecological needs. 0 Astragalus microcymbus (since 1995), Penstemon harringtonii (1996), and document fungal diversity across collaboration with this program. Every In September, we travelled to Wyoming, Montana and Idaho to Eriogonum brandegeei (2004) and Sclerocactus glaucus (2007). North America using DNA sequence new herbarium specimen we collected 1996 2000 2005 2010 2015 data tied to vouchered specimens. was accompanied by a tissue sample, find unique genotypes of creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis). Ex Situ Collections | Bell’s Twinpod (Physaria bellii) At the Gardens, three undergraduate which is available to researchers Eriogonum brandegeei students, from three universities, through the Global Genome Biodiversity During the trip, cuttings were made 6,000 We utilize both in situ and ex situ methods to conserve the more are contributing by sequencing Network. The network hosts an easy to of plants with different physical traits 3,000 among populations. These plants than 500 rare plants in Colorado. One such species, Bell’s twinpod DNA from representative search database of genomic will be displayed in our gardens 0 (Physaria bellii), is restricted to shale and limestone soils of the Niobrara samples of Colorado We are material that researchers can and will showcase the wide array and Pierre formations in Boulder and Larimer counties. This species is fungi and establishing expanding request. The Gardens’ own 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 of morphological diversity of this the genetic identities of genetic biorepository swelled this primarily threatened by urbanization. Last fall, a Colorado Department of species. While on the trip, seeds of Amanita pantherina and resources summer by about 2,000 new Sclerocactus glaucus Transportation (CDOT) project in Boulder County planned to widen a road- associated species were collected Laccaria nobilis, which have through tissue samples as our field 2,000 cut inhabited by Physaria bellii. A CDOT employee reached out for help. which will add authenticity to the questionable distributions collections. crews mobilized to collect 1,000 We rescued 45 plants, which Gardens horticulturists transplanted to over- display and enhance our native plant and species determinations. samples across Colorado, 0 collections. winter. Serendipitously, we already collected seed from nearby populations These projects will bring us closer from plants in the alpine tundra to earlier in the summer. The seed along with the transplants will be used for to understanding the fungi of the the eastern plains and even from our 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 future revegetation on adjacent properties. Southern Rockies. own gardens. Number of individuals, totaled over all monitored populations, by year 2 | Denver Botanic Gardens Science 2017 Year in Review | 3 More than 2,000 plants from 85 native riparian species have been Ecological Stewardship planted or are currently in propagation. In 2014, Denver Botanic Gardens launched a project to restore the riparian grown out for identification with the hope that the seed bank holds a good ecosystem along the section of Deer Creek that flows through Chatfield collection of native species compared to non-native species allowing for Farms. Deer Creek, part of the Chatfield Basin that includes over 550 plant passive restoration. species and 70 mammalian species, is a degraded riparian habitat, the result of We developed a demonstration riparian garden to highlight the diversity of intensive land management since the 1800s. In 2016, three in-stream structures native riparian plants in this region. We prepped the garden site in 2016 and were installed to improve the flow and bank structure of the creek. With a conducted the first plantings
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