Political, Social & Religious Reforms, Organisation
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Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme CHAPTER - 7 POLITICAL, SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS REFORMS, ORGANISATION & MOVEMENT Hindu Reforms-Organisations & Movements • He condemned idol worship, discouraged Arya Samaj pilgrimages, ceremonials and penances- among the Brahmos. 1.Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. 8.Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1858. 2.Important works of Dayanand are Satyartha 9.Raja Ram Mohan Roy published his first Prakash, Veda Bhasya, Veda Bhasya Bhumika. philosophical work. Tuhbatul Muwahhiddin in 3.Swami Dayanand rejected Western idea and 1805. emphasized on reviving the ancient of the 10.He provided enthuisastic support to David Hare Aryans. who, along with many other Indians founded 4.His real name was Mulshankar and he was the famous Hindu College in 1817. born in a Brahmin family. 11.First split in Brahmo Samaj in 1867. 5.First Arya Samaj unit was organised at Bombay. • Brahmo Samaj of India led by Keshab 6.Later on the headqurters was established at Chandra Sen. Lahore. • Adi Brahmo Samaj led by Devendranath 7.Condemned idol worship. Disregarded the Tagore. authority of the later Hindu sriptures like the 12.Second split in Brahmo Samaj of India in 1878. Puranas. Launched a frontal attack on the numerous abuses like idolatry, polytheism, • Church of the New Dispensation belief in magic, charms, animal sacrifices. • Sadharan Brahmo was Samaj led by 8.Dayanand’s slogan of ‘Back to the ‘Vdas’ was a younger group. call for revival of vedic learning and vedic purity 13.Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Atmiya Sabha of religion and not revival of vedic times. in 1815 to fight against social evils in 9.Produced leaders of the eminence like Lala Hinduism and also to propagate monotheism. Hans Raj, Pandit Guru Dutt and Lala Lajpat Rai. 14.Raja Ram Mohan Roy also gave opinion on Brahmo Samaj Permanent Settlement. 1.Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Rao in 1828. Ramkrishna Mission 2.Condemned idolatry, caste system and 1.Inaugrated by Swami Vivekanand (originally religious rituals. Narendra Dutta) in 1896 with its headquarter at Belur (near Calcutta). 3.Started a campaign for the abolition of sati, condemned polygamy and concubinange. 2.Ramkrishna Math was founded in 1997 as a registered religious trust by Vivekanand. 4.Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the The Precepts of Jesus published in 1820, tried to separate moral 3.Spread message of Vedanta and founded and philosophical message of the new vedanta society in U.S.A. testament. 4.Carried on philanthropic and charitable works. 5.Established Vedant College in 1825. 5.Opposed untouchability and caste system. 6.He was the initiator of public agitation on 6.Condemned ‘touch me not’ attitude of Hindus political questions in the country. on religious matters. 7.Devendranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj in 1842. 7.Attended Parliament of Religion at Chicago Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme (1893) where he emphasised on need for a 3.He was dismissed from the Hindu College in healthy balance between spiritualism and 1831 because of his radical views. materiaslism. 4.Derozio is called first nationalist poet of modern 8.Quotes. India. • Him I call a Mahatma whose heart bleeds Tattvabodhini Sabha for the poor, othrwise he is a Duratma. 1.Established by Devendranath Tagore in 1839 • So long as millions live in hunger and to carry on Rammohan’s ideals independent of ignorance, I hold every man as a traitor the Brahmo Samaj. who while educated at their expense, pays 2.A Tattvabodhini Press was established in 1843. not the least head to them. 3.Tattvabodhini Patrika, a journal of the • Subhash Chandra Bose wrote - So far as organisation was started for the propagation of Bengal is concerned Vivekananda may be ideas. regarded as the spiritual father of modern Paramhans Sabha nationalist movement. 1.Established in 1849. • Ramakrishna Paramhans used to say - All 2.Founder was Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar. different religious views are but different ways leading to the same goal. 3.The first reform organisation of 19th century Maharashtra. 9.Ram Krishna Paramhansa Guru of Vivekananda was a priest at Dakshineshwar Rajahmundary Social Reform Association temple near Calcutta. 1.Founded by Viresalingam Pantulu in 1878. Theosophical Society 2.Emphasized on promotion of widow remarriage. 1.Founded by H.P. Blavatasky in the USA in 1875. Bombay Social Reform Association 2.Later the US Army colonel M.S. Olcott joined 1.Founded by M.G. Ranade in 1903. it. Widow Marriage Association 3.Headquarters shifted to India at Adya in 1882. 1.Foundation by Vishnu Shastri Pandit & M.G. 4.The society accepted the Hindu belief in re- Ranade in 1861. incarnation Karma and drew inspiration from Dharma Sabha the philosophy of the upanishads and 1.Founder by Radha Kant Deb in 1830. Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta school of thought to promote international brotherhood. 2.Stood for socio-religious status quo. 3.Campaigned agaisnt abolition of Sati. 5.Mrs. Annie Besant joined it in 1893 & became the President of this society in 1907. Gandiya Sabha 6.She laid the foundation of the Central Hindu 1.Founded by Radha Kant Deb. College is Banaras in 1898 where both the Veda Samaj Hindu religion & western scientific were 1.Founder under the influence of Keshav taught, which later on rose into Benaras Hindu Chandra Sen’s visit to Madras. University (1916). 2.Truned into Brahmo Samaj of Southern India Parmhans Mandali in 1871 by Sridhalu naidu. 1.Formed by Balakrishna Jayakar in 1850 in Muslim Reforms-Organisations & Movements Maharashtra. Wahabi Movement Young Bengal Movement 1.Started in Indian in 1821 under the leadership 1.Initiated by an Anglo-Indian teacher of the of Syed Ahmed of Raibaraily who was Hindu College, Henry Vivian Derozio. influenced by the teaching of the DelhiSaint 2.Derozio was a free thinker & a rationalist, who Shah Walliullah. helped to promote a radical and critical outlook 2.The main centre of this movement was at among his students. Patna. Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme 3.Aimed at refromation of religious life and Farangi Mahal Movement restoration of political power of the Muslim 1.Famous traditional school at Farangi Mahal in Community. Lucknow. 4.It was a kind of holy war. Deoband Movement 5.Syed Ahmed was killed in the Battle of Balacot 1.It was anti-British movement started by Md. in 1831. Qasim Nanawatawi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi 6.Suppressed by the British in 1870’s. in 1867 at Deoband. Ahmedia Movement / Quadiani Movement 2.Aimed at upliftment of muslims through 1.Started in around 1899 at a town Quadiyan religious education and resuscitate classical under the leadership of Mirza Ghulam Ahmed Islam. of Quadim (Gurudaspur, Punjab). 3.Welcomed the formation of Indian National 2.Aimed of restoration of the free and unpolluted Congress in 1885. faith of Islam to the followers of the prophet. 4.Deoband Ulema issued Fatwa against S.A. Aligarh Movement Khan’s organisation- 1.Started by Sayyaid Ahmed Khan in 1860’s. • India United Patrotic Association 2.Based on the liberal interpretation of the Koran. • Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Defence Association. 3.It aimed at spreading western and scientific education among the Muslim masses. Khaskar Movement 4.Foundation of Scientific society in 1864 to 1.Started by Allam Mashirigi in 1931. introduce the western sciences through urdu 2.It was based on religious ideology of early Islam. translation. 3.It was popular in Punjab, Sind etc. 5.Publishing of urdu journal Tahzib-Al-Akhlaq in Movement of Titu Mir 1870. 1.Started by Mir Nitha Ali / Ttu Mir, a desciple of 6.Establishment of Aligarh Anglo-Mohammadan Syed Ahmed of Baraily in Bengal in 1820’s. Oriental College in 1875. 2.It was independent off shoot of Wahabis. 7.Muhamadan Anglo-Oriental Education Conference was started in 1866 for promoting 3.It was against the customs and beliefs borrowed western education among muslims. from popular Hinduism. 8.S.A. Khan was in judicial service of the 4.It came in conflict withHindu landlords and company. British Indigo planters and eventually with 9.1878 he became a member of imperial British administration. Legislative Council. Farzi Movement 10.Work in 1860- The Loyal Muhammadans of 1.Started by Hazi Shariatuitah in 1847 at India. Faridpur *East Bengal). 11.Was given title of Knighthood in 1888. 2.It was the protest of the peasants against the 12.Opposed Ilbert Bill and said - Hindus and zamindars, govt. officials and British indigo Muslims are two eyes of India. planters. 13.Founded Indian United Patriotic Association to Taayyuni Movement counter Congress. 1.Started by Karmat Ali Jaunpuri. 14.Against the Indian National Congress withRaja 2.It rejected introduction of new things in Islam. Shiv Prasad of Banaras. Pagal Panthis Movement 15.Founded Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental 1.Founded by Karam Shah in Bengal. Defence Association in 1890. 2.It was a semi-religious sect. 16.Persons associated with Aligarh Movement- associated with him - Altaf Hussain Hali, 3.It took up the cause of the tenants against the Maulavi Nazir Ahmed, Maulavi Shibh Numani. oppressions of the zamidars. Click Here to Buy Full Study Kit in Hard Copy © WWW.UPSCPORTAL.COM http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/study-kit-for-ias-pre-gs-paper-1-2012 Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme Muslim Political & Nationalistic Organisations was born in a Shudra Mali family in Poona in 1827.