11950 CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 ADJOURNMENT _UNTIL 9 A.M. THE JOURNAL The message also announce·d that the TOMORROW The Journal of the proceedings of Senate had passed bills of the fallowing Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, -I yesterday was read and approved. titles, in which the concurrence of the move, pursuant to the order of May 26, House is requested: 1965, that the Senate adjourn until 9 S. 1564. An act to enforce the 15th amend­ o'clock tomorrow morning. MF.8SAGES FROM THE PRF.8IDENT ment to the Constitution of the United The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 Sundry messages in writing from the States, and for other purposes; and S.1689. An act to amend paragraph (a) of o'clock and 49 minutes p.m.> the Senate, President of the United States were com­ the act of March 4, 1913, as amended by the under the order of May 26, 1965, ad­ municated to the House by Mr. Geisler, act of January 31, 1931 (16_U.S.C. 502). journed until tomorrow, Friday, May 28, one of his secretaries, who also informed 1965, at 9 o'clock a.m. the House that on the following dates the President approved and signed bills KURE BEACH, N.C. CONFIRMATIONS and a joint resolution of the House of the following titles: Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask .unanimous consent to take from the Executive nominaJtions confirmed by On May 21, 1965: the Senate May 27, 1965: Speaker's desk the bill H.R. 821, "An act H.R. 7064. An act to amend the Foreign for the relief of the town of Kure Beach, IN THE Am FORCE Service . Bulldings Act of 1926, as amended; and N.C.," with an amendment of the Senate The nominations beginning John C. Aarni, thereto, and concur in the Senate Jr., to be second lieutenant, and ending H.R. 7855. An act to authorize appropria­ Ftirman E. Thomas, to be second lieutenant, tions for procurement of small patrol cutters amendment. which nominations were received by the sen­ for the Coast Guard. The Clerk read the title of the bill. ate and appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL On May 22, 1965: The Clerk read the Senate amendment, RECORD on Aprll 23, 1965. H.R. 66. An act to authorize the Board as follows: of Parole of the District of Columbia to IN THE ARMY discharge a parolee from supervision prior to On page 2,. line 12, strike out "in excess of The nominations beginning Thomas R. the expiration of the maximum term or 10 per centum thereof". Dooley, to be captain, and ending Raymond terzns for which he was sentenced; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to A. Sanders, to be second lieutenant, which H.R. 3043. An act to amend title 37, United nominations were received by the Senate a"nd States Code, to authorize payment of special the request of the gentleman from New appeared in the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD on allowances to dependents of members of the York? May 19, 1965. uniformed services to offset expenses incident There was no objection, IN THE NAVY AND MARINE CORPS to their evacuation, and for other purposes; The Senate amendment was con­ The nominations beginning James L. Abbot H.R. 4338. An act to authorize the Veterans curred h1. III, to be ensign in the Navy, and ending of Foreign Wars of the United States to rent A motion to reconsider was laid on Timothy J. Vogel, to be ensign in the Navy, certain property in the District of Columbia the table. which nominations were received by the Sen­ for certain office purposes; and ate and appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL H.J. Res. 195. Joint resolution to authorize RECORD on May 5, 1965. the Commissioners of the District of Colum­ LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR BAL­ bia to promulgate special regulations for the ANCE OF THE WEEK AND NEXT •• ..... I I period of the American Legion National. Con­ vention of 1966, to be held in Washington, WEEK D.C.; to authorize the granting of .certain Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES permits to the American Legion 1966 Con­ vention Corp. of the District of Columbia I ask unanimous consent to address the THURSDAY, MAY 27, 1965 on the occasion of such convention, and for House for 1 minute. other purposes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection The House met· at 12 o'clock noon. to the request of the gentleman from The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, Michigan? D.D., used this verse of the Scriptures: MF.sSAGE'.: FROM THE SENATE There was no objection. Psalm 112: 6: The righteous shall be in A message from the Senate by Mr. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, everlasting remembrance. Arrington, one of its clerks, announced I take this time for the purpose of ask­ Almighty God, on Memorial Day we that the Senate had passed without ing the majority leader the program for approach a time that brings back not amendment bills of the House of the the rest of this week and next week. only a strange medley of memories, following titles: Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, if the mi­ praises, sorrows, and disappointments, H.R. 806. An act to amend the Textile Fiber nority leader will yield to me, I am but of dreams and hopes and better Products Identification Act to permit the pleased the gentleman made this in­ days. listing on labels of certain fibers constituting quiry at this time. For some of us Memorial Day makes less than 5 percent of a textile fiber prOduct; Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the scenes which are vivid and horrible and H.R. 6691. An act to validate certain pay­ distinguished majority leader. which, we pray aOd, we will some day ments made to employees of the Forest Serv­ Mr. ALBERT. I would like to advise be able to forget, for mankind has suf­ ice, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and that we expect to finish up the legislative H.R. 7031. An act to provide for the estab­ business for the week today and have a fered much, hoped much, and dreamed lishment and operation of a National Tech­ much, but the new age and better worl4 nical Institute for the Deaf. meeting tomorrow for the purpose of that we expected has been wholly in­ being able to go over until Tuesday. It adequate and is still without imperish­ The message also announced that the will be my purpose after announcing the able remembrance. Senate had passed, with amendments in program to ask permission to do this. Those brave men and women, who which the concurrence of the House is Monday is Memorial Day holiday. fought those wars of the past, revealed requested, a bill of the House of the fol­ There will be no session if my request is an incredible heroism; they did not fear lowing title: granted. or falter or fail; they fought many great H.R. 6767. An act making appropriations Tuesday is Private Calendar Day. wars but we were guilty of making a little for the Department of the Interior and re­ Also on Tuesday the 1966 appropriations peace that did not touch the reverent lated agencies for the fiscal year ending June for State, .;Justice, Commerce, the ju­ imagination of humanity or become for­ 30, 1966, and for other purposes. diciary, and related agencies. Also on ever memorable in the annals of history. The message also announced that the Tuesday, H.R. 3584, the Federal Coal May our vision of a lasting and endur­ Senate insists upon its amendments to Mine Safety Act amendments, with an ing peace continue to grow and abide the foregoing bill, requests a conference open rule and 2 hours of debate. and prove its immortality for Thou hast with the House on the disagreeing votes · For Wednesday, H.R. 8371, to reduce created mankind not for failure but for of the two Houses thereon, and appoints excise taxes. victory and we must adjust our thinking Mr. HAYDEN, Mr. RUSSELL of Georgia, Mr. For Thursday and the balance of the and living to fit that eternal faith and McCLELLAN, Mr. BIBLE, Mr. BYRD of West week, H.R. 4623, further amending the hope and love. Virginia, Mr. MUNDT, and Mr. YOUNG of Reorganization Act of 1949, with an open Hear us in the name of the Prince of North Dakota to be the conferees on the rule and 1 hour of debate, and H.R. 8464, Peace. Amen. part of the Senate. to provide a temporary increase in the •

May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - HOUSE 11951 public debt ceiling .for the.period July 1, poses, with a House amendment thereto, tion plan is .to te1minate outdated ar­ 1965, to June 30, 1966. insist .upon .the House amendment, and rangements which now stand in the way This program is made. subject to the agree to the conference asked by the of the most effective management of the usual reservation that conference re­ Senate. Com.mission's railroad safety program. ports may be brought up at any time and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Organizational :flexibility is at present that any further program will be an­ the 1·equest ·of the gentleman from Colo­ restricted by the statutory requirement nounced later. rado? that there be 50 locomotive inspection Mr. Speaker, it is quite possible we The Chair hears none, and appoints districts and at least 1 inspector for may have additions to announce to the the following conferees: Messrs. AsPIN­ each such district. The number of in­ program sometime next week. A.LL, RoGERS of Texas, HALEY, SAYLOR, s'pectors and districts cannot be adjusted and SJ\UBITZ. to ac·com.modate to changes in workload or other relevant factors. ADJOURNMENT OVER TO TUESDAY, Loc'Omotive inspection is rigidly sepa­ JUNE 1 REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 3 OF rated from related railroad safety activi­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, if the 1965-MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI­ ties performed under the Interstate Com­ distinguished minority leader will yield, DENT OF THE UNITED STATES (H. merce Commission. The locomotive in­ I ask unanimous consent that when the . J?OC. NO. 193) spection statutes restrict inspeotors of House adjourns tomorrow it adjourn to The SPEAKER laid before the House locomotives to the inspection o! locomo­ meet on Tuesday next. the following message from the President tives only and prever:t the inspection of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of the United States; which was read locomotives anying reorganiza- mission. •

11952- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May. 27, 196.5 · 2. The position of Director of Locomo­ of the United States; which was read and, vided by law. Certainly prompt action tive Inspection, the two positions of As­ together with the accompanying papers, will be taken to create successor com­ sistant Director of Locomotive Inspec­ referred to the Committee on Govern­ mittees to such bodies as the Board of tion, and all positions of district locomo­ ment Operations and ordered to be Foreign Service and the National Advi­ tive inspector will be abolisb,ed. The printed: sory Council on International Monetary Commission will be required to appoint and Financial Problems. But we will to a position under the classified civil To the Congress of the United States: have the flexibility promptly to make service, as provided in the reorganization I transmit herewith Reorganization such changes in functions and member­ plan, each person who immediately prior. Plan No. 4 of 1965, prepared in accord­ ship as might be required to eliminate to the taking effect of the plan held the ance with the Reorganization Act of overlapping and duplication and to ad­ o:m.ce of district inspector of locomo­ 1949, as amended, and providing for re­ just to the development of new programs tives; such appointments will be deemed _ organizations of various committees and and shifts in executive branch respon­ to be made without any break in service. other similar bodies. · sibilities. 3. The function of dividing the terri­ The strength and vitality. of our de­ A number of the committees affected tory comprising the several States and mocracy depends in major part upon the by the reorganization plan are advisory the District of Columbia into 50 locomo­ Federal Government's adaptability, on its to the President or have functions which tive boiler-inspection districts will be capacity for fast flexible response to are closely related to responsibilities al­ abolished. changing needs imposed by changing ready vested in the President. The After investigation, I have found and circumstances. If we are to maintain functions of those committees will be hereby declare that each reorganization this capacity, we must have a govern­ transferred to the President by the re­ included in the reorganization plan ment that is streamlined and capable of organization plan. The functions of the transmitted herewith is necessary to ac­ quickly adjusting and readjusting its or­ others will be transferred to the appro­ complish one or more of the purposes ganization and operating procedures to priate individual agency heads. set forth in section 2 Ca) of the Reor­ take up and surmount new challenges. The management and control of inter­ ganization Act of 1949, as amended. I As Government grows more complex agency committees have been a matter have also found and hereby declare that, and programs increasingly cut across of growing concern to both the executive by reason of the reorganizations made by. traditional agency lines, we must exer­ branch and the Congress. The taking the reorganization plan, it is necessary cise special care to prevent the continu­ effect of the reorganization plan will to include in the plan the provisions ance of obsolete interagency committees contribute significantly to better man­ contained in section 5 thereof. The and other coordinating devices which agement of interagency committees and rates of compensation thereunder are waste time and delay action and the un­ will assist efforts to simplify and mod­ those which I have found to prevail in due proliferation of new committees. In­ ernize coordinating arrangements with­ respect of comparable positions in the teragency committees are a valuable and in the executive branch. executive branch of the Government. often indispensable means for facilitat­ Executive Order No. 10940 of May 11, The statutory authority for the exer­ ing coordination, but we should be sure 1961, provides for the President's Com­ cise of the functions to be abolished by that a committee is the most efficient way mittee on Juvenile Delinquency and section 2 Cb> of the reorganization plan to accomplish a given task and that it is Youth Crime. The Secretary of Health, is contained in section 4 of the act of structured to meet current needs eff ec­ Education, and Welfare is required to February 17, 1911, chapter 103, 36th tively. consult with that Committee on matters Statutes at Large, page 914, as amended. At my direction, guidelines for the of general policy and procedure arising The reorganizations provided for in management of interagency committees in the administration of the Juvenile the reorganization plan will produce have been established. I have recently Deliquency and Youth Offenses Control some immediate savings and significant asked the heads of departments and Act of 1961 and to consider certain rec­ long-range economies. _ The latter will agencies to give their personal attention ommendations of that Committee-42 result from future improvements in the to a complete review of all the inter­ U.S.C. 2546(b). To require the Secre­ organization and administration of the agency committees in which their agen­ tary by law to consult with a committee affected functions made possible by the cies participate to determine which ones established by Executive ·order is clearly plan. Since the plan will open the way might be eliminated, consolidated,· or anomalous. The plan abolishes the rele­ for the more effective utilization of - otherwise reorganized. We will take ap­ vant functions of the Secretary with re­ safety inspection staffs of the Interstate propriate action to obtain essential im­ spect to consulting and considering the Commerce Commission, it will yield a provements in the organization and use recommendations of the President's significantly increased measure of safety of those committees which have been Committee. The reorganization plan inspection activity for each dollar spent established by the executive branch. does not otherwise affect the Committee; for this purpose. It is, however, im­ The reorganizations accomplished by it has no effect upon Executive Order practicable to specify or itemize at this the reorganization plan transmitted No. 10940 . . The statutory authority for time the reductions of expenditures herewith will enable us to take similar the exercise of the functions to be abol­ which it is probable wlll be brought about action with respect to a number of com­ ished by section 13Cb) of the reorgani­ by the taking effect of the reorganiza­ mittees which have been established by zation plan is contained in section 7(b) tions included in the reorganization statute. In many instances the statu­ of the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth plan. tory provisions creating these committees Offenses Control Act of 1961, 75 Stat. Under the accompanying reorganiza­ are very specific as to membership and 574. tion plan, all essential Government rail­ describe in detail the functions to be After investigation I have found and road safety services to the traveling pei"f ormed. These provisions are rarely hereby declare that each reorganization public and employees will continue to be sufficiently :flexible to permit the mem­ included in Reorganization Plan No. 4 of performed. The plan provides urgently bership or role of the committees to be 1965 is necessary to accomplish one or needed modernization of the organiza­ accommodated to changing circum­ more of the purposes set forth in section tion and procedures in the Interstate stances or to permit their termination 2 Ca) of the Reorganization Act of 1949, Commerce Commission's railroad safety when they have outlived their useful­ as amended. program. I recommend that the Con­ ness. Although the reorganizations provided gress allow the reorganization plan to The accompanying reorganization for .in the reOl'ganization plan will not of become effective. plan will abolish nine statutory commit­ themselves result in immediate savings, LYNDON B. JOHNSON. tees. In each case the responsibility for the improvement achieved in adminis­ THE WHITE HOUSE, May 27, 1965. providing suitable arrangements to as­ tration will in the future allow the per­ formance of the affected functions at sure effective consultation and coordina­ lower costs and in a more timely man­ REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 4 OF tion is placed in a specific official. ner than at present. It is, however, im­ 1965-MESSAGE FROM THE PRES­ Wherever the continuing need for and practicable to specify or itemize at this ·IDENT OF THE UNITED STATES usefulness of a committee has been dem­ time the reductions of expenditures CH. DOC. NO. 194) onstrated, I would anticipate the estab­ which it is probable will be brought about The SPEAKER laid before the House lishment of a successor committee along by the taking effect of the reorganiza­ the following message from the President the general lines of the body now pro- tions included in the reorganization plal).. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD- HOUSE 11953 I recommend that the Congress allow mittees under section 6 of the National The Clerk read the title of the concur­ the accompanying reorganization plan to Science Foundation Act of 1950 and such rent resolution. become effective. other devices for obtaining advice as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to LYNDON B. JOHNSON. may be available to the Foundation. the request of the gentleman from THE WHITE HOUSE, May 27, 1965. After investigation, I have found and Massachusetts? . hereby declare that each reorganization Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker; reserving the REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 5 OF included in the reorganization plan right to object, am I to understand that this does not set any precedent, that we 1965-MESSAGE FROM THE PRES­ transmitted herewith is necessary to ac­ complish one or more of the purposes are not going to show this film as a com­ IDENT OF THE UNITED STATES set forth in section 2 (a) of the Reor­ mercial film throughout the country, but New York to the question of the gentleman from provide protection against loss by reason has stated what the purport of this is. Mississippi I cannot see that it does any­ of acts of fraud or dishonesty on his part Very simply it would water down, it thing but weaken, water down, and di­ directly or through connivance with would dilute, it would weaken the present lute these provisions. It substitutes for others-in place of the provision for bonding provisions of the Labor-Man­ the higher standard of faithful perform­ the "faithful discharge" bond presently agement Disclosure Act of 1959, and sub­ ance a standard requiring proof of fraud required. The present provision requir- stitute for the standard of faithful per­ and dishonesty, before there can be a re­ ing the labor organization to obtain its formance which is required when the covery on the bond. bond from a corporate surety which bonds are obtained for union omcials, it Mr. COLMER. I am constrained to holds a grant of authority from the Sec- would substitute therefor another stand­ agree with the gentleman's conclusion. retary of the Treasury as an acceptable ard of fraud and dishonesty. You would Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I call at­ surety for Federal bonds is amended to have to prove fraud and dishonesty on tention of the Members of the House, be.: allow the labor organization to make the part of union officials before you cause I think it is not irrelevant, to the "other bonding arrangements which could recover under the bond, whereas fact in this same article to which I re­ would provide the protection required." now he is held to a higher standard of ferred, a Labor Department omcial stated Such other arrangements must first be faithful performance of his duties under that in the year ending June 30 the De­ approved by the Secretary of Labor and the language of the bond that may ob- . partment of Labor received 51,090 union would include arrangements with for- tain at the present time. omcial reports, and in that same period eign sureties and at a comparable or I think the reason is clear, and it is investigators found violations in about lower cost. This gives to the Secretary referred to in the minority views offered half of the complaint cases. I think 70 of Labor, under the Labor-Management by the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. were resolved by voluntary compliance, Reporting and Disclosure Act, discre- GRIFFIN], the ranking Republican on but there were 66 convictions and 9 ac­ tion similar to that he now has under the subcomm~ttee, joined in by other quittals of present or former union om­ the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclo- Republican members of that subcom­ cers or employees for embezzlement or sure Act with regard to bonding arrange- mittee. failure to keep proper records. ments. Section 501 provides that the union So I think we are dealing not with The bill would also amend the act to agent who handles funds shall be held to just something shadowy here. We are provide that the surety company reports the standard of a :fiduciary. That is the dealing with a problem of real sub­ required shall be made public, shall be language of section 501. The section stance. We ought to remind ourselves available for inspection and examina- that precedes the section to be amended that union funds-and I do not know tion, and shall be available to State agen- by this bill charges us with handling re­ what they run to in terms of millions cies. sponsibility. That section says that the of dollars-but it ·is big business, not A new section is added to the Labor- officers, agents, shop stewards, and oth­ just peanuts that we are talking about. Management Reporting and Disclosure er representatives of a labor organiza­ I think we ought to have a little con­ Act· requiring each surety which has is":' tion occupy positions of trust in relation cern-as the gentleman from Michigan sued any bond required by the Labor- to such organization and its members as and his colleagues on the committee Management Reporting and Disclosure a group. pointed out-we ought to have a little Act or the Welfare and Pension Plans That is the standard set out in section concern in this body for the protection Disclosure Act to file with the secretary 501. Then follows the language of 502 of the rank and file union member and of Labor a report, signed by two·respon- (a), which the majority is seeking to not simply bow to the wishes and voices sible omcers, which lists and describes its amend here today. of a few officials who argue that it is Mr. Speaker, I do not know whether going to be more expensive to give this bonding experience under each of the it is a coincidence or not, but just a few protection. acts for the preceding fiscal year, and days before we are called upon to handle I want very quickly to point out one which specifically shall include: Gross this bill on the floor of the House I came other thing and this was alluded to and net premiums, total claims paid; to- across an article appearing in the New by the gentleman from New York, that tal contingent claims, administrative York Times of May 21, 1965, the head­ under the proposed amendment this is and legal expenses incurred in connec- line of which was "Meany Charges Witch going to make it possible for foreign tion with the processing of such claims, Hunting 1n U.S. studies of Union surety companies to provide bonds for and amounts recovered by way of sub- Funds." The article went on to say that labor union omcials; that instead of rogation. Mr. Meany has accused the Labor De- just drawing these surety companies May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11955 from a list of domestic companies ap- amendments to this particular section of The resolution was agreed to. proved by the Secretary, that foreign the Labor-Management Reporting Act of A motion to reconsider was laid on the insurers will now be brought into the 1959. We are making a very important table. business. basic and fundamental change her.e to- Has anybody stopped to think what day and I do not think we .are going AMENDING SECTION 20a02) OF THE the possible impact might be on our bal- about it in the right way or with the INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT RE ance of payments? Maybe this is not proper degree of information and knowl­ important-I do not know-but I think edge that we ought to have. I think we INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES that maybe it would have been proper are going to end up, if we adopt this par­ Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, by direc- if hearings had been conducted on this ticular amendment, in weakening rather tion of the Committee on Rules, I call up bill in this session of the Congress to have than strengthening the protection that House Resolution 392 and ask for its im­ gone into the balance-of-payments the Congress intended the rank and file mediate consideration. aspect of the question and decide of the union members to have when this The Clerk read .the resolution, as whether or not foreign sureties, if we bill was enacted in 1959. follows: are going to have them, would have Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, will the H. REs. 392 some further advexse impact on this gentleman yield? Resolved, That upon the adoption of this problem. Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I yield. resolution it shall be in order to move that the House resolve itself into the Committee Mr. Speaker, I know there are others · Mr. DELANEY. I call your attention of the Whole House on the State of the better qualified than I in this legislative to page 2 of the report where former Union for the consideration of the bill (H.R. body who are going to ·speak so I am Secretary of Labor Goldberg, testifying 5241) to amend section 20a(12) .of the Inter­ not going t;o take any more time. in the Senate hearings had this to say: state Commerce Act to eliminate the neces­ Mr. ROOSEVELT. .Mr. Speaker, will I think our experience during the last 2 sity for prior approval of the Commission for the gentleman yield? years has proved very effectively that the a person to hold the position of officer or Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I yield Landrum-Griffin bond is not the proper type director of more than one carrier when such to the gentleman from California. of bond. carriers are in a single integrated system of Mr. ROOSEVELT. I just want to carriers lawfully operated under common satisfy the gentleman on the question He goes on further to state: control, and for other purposes. After gen­ eral debate, which shall be confined to the of balance of paYnients that all financ- We ought to have a simple honesty bond bill and shall continue not to exceed one ing, for instance, to Lloyds of London of the type which is exacted with respect to hour, to be equally divided and controlled are made .banks here in dollars and all banks, various financial trusts, and which 00 has been found effective and adequate on by the chairman and ranking minority mem­ there is no loss of dollars to the United handling of funds in other cases in a busi­ ber of the Committee on Interstate and For­ States. So there is no question of the nesslike way. eign Commerce, the b.ill · shall be read for balance of payments being affected. amendment under the five-minute rule. At Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I am very That is what the Secretary stated. the conclusion of the consideration of the bill for amendment, the Committee shall rise grateful to the gentleman from Califor- Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I thank and report the bill to the House with such nia for making this statement to me the gentleman. I have read the report. amendments as may have been adopted, and now. I certainly could not get it as a I was aware that in 1961, almost 4 years the previous question shall be considered result of reading the bill or the report or ago, he made that statement. as ordered on the bill and amendments the 1963 hearings. I think perhaps there Frankly, with all due respect to Mr. thereto to final passage without intervening will be other questions left unanswered Justice Goldberg. since he had come motion except one motion to recommit. in the minds of a great many Members freshly, as he did at that time, from a The SPEAKER. The gentleman from and this is all because of the lack of hear- position as counsel for a labor union, I Texas is recognized for 1 hour. ings. can see how he might have felt and Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, will the testified as he did. minutes to the gentleman from Illinois gentleman yield? Let me point out again that the state- [Mr. ANDERSON], pending which I yield :Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I yield to ment is 4 years old. I should like to myself such time as I may -0onsume. the gentleman from Michigan. _ know what the experience has been since Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 392 Mr. GRIFFIN. With reference to the that time. provides an open rule with 1 hour of gen­ answer made by the gentleman from If the figures I have just read to the eral debate on H.R. 5241, a bill to amend California, I can only observe that surely House, which purport· to be figures from section 20a(12) of the Interstate Com­ he does not base his answer on anything the Labor Department spokesman, are merce Act to eliminate the necessity for tn this bill. Under the bill, a labor orga- true, we have a problem of some prior approval of the Commission for a nization can go to the Secretary of magnitude. person to hold the position of officer or Labor and seek approval for "some other Before we change the bonding re­ director of more than one carrier when bonding arrangement," and if it is ap- quirements in section 502, since it seems such carriers are in a single integrated proved the union would be exempt from to me we are getting the cart before the system of carriers lawfully operated the bonding requirements of the existing horse, we ought to change the language under common control, and for other act. There is no limit in the bill as to in section 501, which says he shall be a purposes. what that "other binding arrangement" fiduciary. In most States, as is true of The bill would make it clear that the might be. There is no requirement, cer- my own State of Illinois, that means a prohibition against the holding by "any tainly not in this legislation, that says man is held to the standard of the pru­ person" of the position of officer or di­ funds must remain in this country, and dent investment rule. He must pru­ rector of more than one carrier, without I would be interested in knowing the dently handle, as a fiduciary and prior approval of the Commission, ap­ basis for the assurance by the gentleman trustee, funds which come to bim from plies to the holding of such positions by from California. someone else. different members, officers, employees, or Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. I thank Until we change the fiduciary stand- dire~tors of the same firm, copartner­ the gentleman from Michigan. I think ards set forth in the law in that section, ship, corporation, association, or joint the comment he made and the -observa- I do not believe we ought to change the stock association, or to the representa­ tion he made reinforces the point I terminology or the language on the tion -0f a person on the board of ·direc­ sought to make that that question is left bond. tors of more than one carrier through unanswered as far as the record is con- Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I have an agent·or nominee. cerned. no further requests for time. The filing and processing of formal Let me say in conclusion, Mr. Speaker, : Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. interlocking directorship applications even the gentleman who just addressed Speaker, I have no further requests for entail considerable time and expense the House, the gentleman from Michl- time. . both for the applicant and the ICC. gan, would say that section 502(a) as. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I move During the period 1960 ·through 1963, a presently written is not necessarily per- the previous question. total of 851 such applications were f ect. Maybe we ought to talk about some The previous question was ordered. filed. Only about 2 percent of these 11956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 applications involved positions in unaffil­ There is opposition from the industry gentleman from Michigan [Mr. GRIFFIN] iated carriers and the time and money to the recommendation of the ICC in this will be recognized for 30 minutes. consumed in filing and processing ap­ measure making it necessary for ap­ Mr. POWELL. Mr. Chairman, I arise proximately 98 percent of these applica­ proval to be gotten from the Commission to explain the purpose of H.R. 5883, to tions could have been saved if legislation before a second member of the same amend the bonding provisions of the such as H.R. 5241 had been enacted. holding company, brokerage firm, or Labor-Management Reporting and Dis­ Also, a considerable reduction in record­ other noncarrier may hold a similar closure Act of 1959 and the Welfare and keeping expenses would have been position as director or officer with an­ Pension Plans Disclosure Act. realized. other carrier not under common control. The bill proposes the substitution of Mr. Speaker, I urge the adoption of Such opposition has been expressed by a "fraud or dishonesty" bond for the House Resolution 392. the Association of American Railroads, presently required "faithful discharge Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. the Transportation Association of Amer­ of duties" bond under section 502 (a). Speaker; I yield myself such time as I ica, and American Short Line Railroad The question has arisen as to whether may consume. Association. or not the proposed substitution would Mr. Speaker, H.R .. 5241 proposes to Their reasoning is that it is too restric­ diminish the protections given to union amend section 20a(12) of the Interstate tive in nature, that its need has not bee:1 funds, and whether or not the fraud and Commerce Act to-- f?hown, and it would make it more diffi­ dishonesty bond would sufficiently cover First, eliminate the necessity for prior cult to obtain capable and talented men the violations of section 501(a) of the Commission approval for a person to as officers and directors since such per­ act. hold the position of officer or director of sonnel are frequently found as directors, Solicitor of Labor Charles Donahue, more than one railroad where the car­ officers, and partners in the same non­ in a letter to the gentleman from Cali­ riers are part of a single integrated· sys­ carrier organization. Hence, if such an fornia, Congressman JAMES ROOSEVELT, tem, lawfully operated under common organization were to be represented on chairman of the General Subcommittee control; and one railroad, this proposal would serve on Labor, presented the well-considered Second, it would make clear that the as an obstacle to having anyone else views of the Labor Department favoring prohibition against the holding by "any from the same organization serve as an­ the bill and the proposed substitution of person" of the position of officer or di­ other railj:oad officer or director. It bonds. He stated in part: rector of more than one railroad applies could conceivably impede the efforts of It is and has been the position of the to the holding of such positions by dif­ the railroads to obtain the services of the Department that the bond required by sec­ ferent members of the same firm and best qualified individuals. tion 502 (a) need not cover all violations of would require obtaining prior approval In the course of the record of hearings section 501 (a) . This position is expressed of the Commission in such instances. that was developed, Mr. Harry J. Breit­ in an interpretative bulletin promulgated by In ·other words, with respect to the haupt, Jr., of the law department.of the then Secretary of Labor Mitchell shortly second objective of the. measure, if you Association of American Railroads, fur­ after the Labor-Management Reporting and have two attorneys from the same law nished the committee with a report on Disclosure Act was enacted which states firm, one serving as a director for one the legislative history of section 20a (12) in part: "The bonding requirement in section railroad and the other member of the of the Interstate Commerce Act and con­ 502(a) relates only to duties of the specified same firm serving as a director of an­ cluded with this paragraph-page 107 of personnel in connection with their handling other railroad that is not commonly the hearings: of funds or other property to which this controlled, then under this proposal, it There appears to be no evidence of any section refers. It does not have reference would make it clear that prior approval present-day abuse resulting from the fact to the special duties imposed upon repre­ of the Commission would be required that under the existing statute different rep­ sentatives of labor organizations by virtue of and necessary. resentatives of the same firm or corporation the position of trust which they occupy, The effective date of the measure is may serve as officers or directors of different which are dealt with in section 501 (a), and January 1, 1966. · railroads without prior Commission ap­ for which civil remedies for breach of the proval; and, therefore, there appears to be duties are provided in section 501(b). The With respect to the first objective of no occasion for amendment of the act in fact that the bonding requirement is limited the bill, there seems to be unanimous that regard. to personnel who handle funds or other prop­ agreement on the part of the Interstate erty indicates the correctness of these con­ Commerce Commission and the rail­ Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, I move clusions. They find further support in the roads on the desirability and advisability the previous question. differences between sections 501 (a) and 502 of eliminating the necessity of having to The previous question was ordered. (a) of the act which sufficiently indicate The resolution was agreed to. that the scope of the two sections is not come to the ICC for prior approval be­ coextensive." fore a person can be an officer or direc­ A motion to reconsider was laid on tor in two or more railroads that are un­ the table. The committee endorses the soundness der common control. In fact, whenever of that interpretation. such application is made to the ICC, ap­ BONDING PROVISIONS OF FEDERAL The bond which is substituted is the proval is forthcoming as a matter of LABOR LAWS same type of bond which is now required course. under section 13 (a) of the Welfare There is unanimous agreement with Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, I move and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, as the ICC point of view that the require­ that the House resolve itself into the amended. ments of application and process in such Committee of the Whole House on the The words "to provide protection situations casts an unnecessary admin­ State of the Union for the consideration against loss by reason of acts of fraud istrative burden upon both the Commis­ of the bill New York City, and yield further, on the contrary; I believe application of faithful performance of duty is also a member of the bar, and on page if the gentleman from Michigan will read coverage to a given situation, such coverage 18, when I asked the g·entleman what the language of the bill he will see what is not, therefore, so indeterminate that the does "faithful performance" mean. I we say in the proposed amendment. nature of the coverage cannot be understood Mr. GRIFFIN. Now, I refuse to yield or an appropriate rate established for it. In asked him, "How do you now define my opinion, it iS no more indefinite or un­ 'faithful performance'"? further to the gentleman. certain than insurance based upon negli­ The reply from Mr. Cohen was: Mr. PUCINSKI. May I answer the gence or legal liability. I think Mr. Mayer is quite right. In this gentleman's question? The courts have defined the failure to per­ area we don't know wha t it means. Mr. GRIFFIN. I yield further if the form duties as "anything which the law does gentleman will answer that question. not excuse. ." There are a multiplicity of May I refresh the gentleman's recol­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes. cases largely in the public official area apply­ lection further? Mr. GRIFFIN. Does he concede that? . ing the duty to faithfully perform to varying Mr. GRIFFIN. No, I decline to yield Mr. PUCINSKI. No; on the contrary. circumstances and this whole body of law is further at this time. I appreciate that available to companies and to labor organiza­ Mr. GRIFFIN. I thank the gentleman contribution for the RECORD but I must very much. · tions in order to determine the application decline to yield further. of faithful discharge of duty coverage to Mr. PUCINSKI. The present lan­ specific circumstances. I would like to refer to other testimony guage in the act now gives that member Perhaps one or two examples would help by Mr. Fitzgerald who testified before of a union less protection than the lan­ to clarify the application of this coverage the committee, representing the Ameri­ guage that we are proposing today. to situations in which dishonesty is not in­ can Surety Association, concerning cov­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Is that why the surety volved. For example, a secr.etary-treasurer erage of the bond. On page 109 of the companies charge 25 percent more for a of a labor organization is by constitutional hearings held in 1963 . he stated as faithful-discharge-of-duty bond? provision made personally responsible for follows: the funds and other property of the union. Mr. PUCINSKI. That is correct. Mr. FITZGERALD. Every case has to be de­ A subordinate of the secretary-treasurer Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, I causes loss through dishonesty. cided on its own merits and its own facts. yield 7 minutes to the gentleman from I would not want to put myself up as the The secretary-treasurer is liable under the arbiter of the industry, to specify what loss Illinois [Mr. PUC'INSKI]. faithful discharge of duty requirement for would be paid and what loss would not be Mr. PUCINSKI. The colloquy just the acts of his subordinates by reason of the paid. I can only go on the basic principles concluded between the gentleman from duties imposed upon him by the constitution that are involved, which relate to the failure Michigan and myself brings up a very and therefore, recovery could be had under of an official of a union to perform his duties his bond for his failure faithfully to dis­ significant point. There has been testi­ faithfully. If this investment was a fa,ilure mony before our committee by officials of charge his duties even though he was not to perform faithfully as set forth in the personally dishonest. surety companies and associations who constitution or regulations or the procedures clearly and frankly admitted to the com­ He goes on with several other exam­ of the organization, or as required by law, there W01Jld be a liability. mittee they have no idea what it is they ples. I hope that will answer the ques­ are bonding. They have not been able tion of the gentleman. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, will to ascertain or determine what "faithful Now, does he have any others? the gentleman yield further? discharge" means. But they are charg­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, if Mr. GRIFFIN. Yes, I yield to the gen­ ing thousands of local unions through­ the gentleman will yield further, I sub­ tleman from Illinois. out America a 25-percent additional mit that the gentleman has not an­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Now may I also re­ premium simply because they do not swered the question. The gentleman has mind the gentleman that in the further know what it is they are supposed to be cited testimony. Can the gentleman tell testimony of Mr. Cohen, reading from insuring against. me with any certainty, and cite author­ page 18 of the transcript of the hearings, There has been a g.reat deal of talk ity of any case that has been proseeuted the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PucIN­ about big unions. I do not think that under this language? Can the gentle­ SKI] asked the following question of Mr. the big internationals are particularly man tell us of any hypothetical situa­ Cohen: concerned one way or the other witn tions that were covered by the present Mr. PucrNsKr. Then, Mr. Cohen, if I un­ this proposition. They have the money, bonds? derstand you correctly after this entire col­ and they will meet these costs. But Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, I loquy, you really don't know what you are there are in this country 75,000 local would like to say that I have been quite insuring this union for or against. The un­ unions, small unions, with limited re­ derwriters have set a fee on a bond that they busy with many matters. I would as­ themselves are not quite sure what it covers sources, which have found it to be an sume that if we are going to bring and they are strictly in the dark on this extreme hardship to pay this additional a bill like this to the floor we would hold whole question. Is that what we a re con­ premium ranging from 25 to 50 percent hearings and delve into some of the cluding?· more than straight honesty bonds. questions the gentleman has raised to­ Mr. COHEN. We can only guess as to what . These are the people we want to help, · day. Of course, the committee has not "faithful performance coverage" means in and I suggest to the gentleman from done that. And, I will be very frank to the frame of reference of the duties of an Michigan that the bill before us will say that I have not had time to go out official of a union. strengthen the protection of local union around the country and make personal So, I submit that no matter how sin­ funds for their members. inquiries. But if the gentleman is satis­ cere the gentleman from Michigan is, The bill now reads "every officer, fied that because I cannot point to an and he is sincere and I certainly respect agent, shop steward, or other repre­ exact case which has actually been liti­ his sincerity in telling this House that sentative or employee of any labor or­ gated that, therefore, these protections the members of these unions -are paying ganization-other than a labor organi­ are only hypqthetical and are not mean­ a 25-percent additional premium for in­ zation whose property and annual finan­ ingful, then I just respectfully disagree surance, they do not know what it means cial receipts do not exceed $5,000 in with the gentleman. and do not know what it covers. value-or of a trust in which a labor Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. GRIFFIN. Even though the gen­ organization is interested, who handles the gentleman yield further? tleman in his own mind is not sat!sfied funds or other property thereof, shall 11962 "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE Mny 27, 1965 be bonded for the faithful discharge of tects helath, welfare, and pension funds perhaps a claim .against a union official his duties." of unions, totaling in excess of $70 bil- might not be collectible? Does this pro­ That is the bill as it is on the books lion in the United States. All we are tect the union members? today. We are proposing to take this doing here with H.R. 5883 is imposing Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes, as much as it mystery language, "for the faithful dis- the same kind of provisions on union bothers me that in this country there are charge of his duties" out, and put in its funds that we now have on the books thousands of bankers who are covered by place this language which is clear and to protect health, welfare, and pension the same procedure and every day we concise: "to provide protection against funds, totaling in excess of $70 billion. read in the press of a banker or an em­ loss by reason of acts of fraud or dis- Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, ployee of the bank going south with honesty on his part directly or through will the gentleman yield? $200,000 or $300,000 and there is no more connivance with others." Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield. recovery of those funds than there is un- There is a serious question if many of Mr. ROOSEVELT. I just want to say . der this act. At least in this act we pro­ the hypothetical situations the gentle- to the gentleman from Missouri I do not vide a prison term for a person who man from Michigan has cited would be think you want, in all seriousness, to commits a dishonest act and he may be covered under the language in the bill propose that we try to write legislation sent to jail for 5 years. as it now stands. I submit, Mr. Chair- which will protect against errors of judg­ Mr. GRIFFIN. That may be fine but man, that the language proposed in H.R. ment? we do not require that, even in it does not get the money back to the 5883 would actually give the rank and file the case of a fiduciary or anybody else. members of the union. membership of labor unions greater pro- The funds might still be gone and under Mr. PUCINSKI. Now wait a minute. tection for their union funds than the the language you have proposed, it might If it is an act of dishonesty, collusion, vague language in the present bill. My be the result of error in judgment. We fraud, connivance, or conspiracy, the colleague cannot state with any cer- certainly do not want to write legisla­ bond that we propose would cover every tainty that the examples he cited are tion requiring a bond against an error of penny of the loss of that money. The covered in the present law. But I can judgment because in that case the gentleman, if I understood his question assure him most of them would be cov- premium would be impossible. We correctly, raised the question of an hon­ ered under the bill I propose here to- would have no way to enforce that, would est mistake. Is that what the gentle­ day. we? man is talking about? Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Chair- Mr. JONES of Missouri. I do not agree Mr. GRIFFIN. The gentleman was man, will the gentleman yield? with the gentleman. The purpose of the telling us a few moments ago about a sort Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield to the gen- bond is to protect the funds and 1f the of liability that was imposed under sec­ tleman from Missouri. funds are gone, you have the bond to tion 501. Mr. JONES of Missouri. The reason protect you. I have had some expert­ Mr. PUCINSKI. That is correct. we have a bond is to protect the fund; ence with bonds in municipalities and Under section 501, a union may sue to is that right? I know what it takes to get money back. recover any losses· that accrue· as the Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes. But if you have your bond covering the result of an honest mistake by one of its Mr. JONES of Missouri. You have no loss, regardless of what it is, and if you o:tncials. But if there is any element of objection then to making this read "to make your bill read that way, you will dishonesty or fraud, no matter how re­ proVide protection against loss of any not have any trouble in getting the bill mote, such dishonesty triggers the re­ funds entrusted to his care"? If you passed. But where you are only pro­ sponsibility of the bonding company and will do that I can go along with the bill, viding for fraud or dishonesty, you get there is full recovery of losses under the because that will protect the funds. · to 1 t f llti t· d Mr. PUCINSKI. I think that is the m a o o ga ion an you can never bonding procedure I propose. prove it. Mr. GRIFFIN. And he was then im­ language we have in our proposal. Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, I pressing us with the fact that there was Mr. JONES of Missouri. You say · "against loss by reason"-and so forth. yield to the gentleman from Illinois. a civil action possible against the o:tncial. It is hard to prove fraud, it is hard to Mr. PUCINSKI. I would like to call Mr. PUCINSKI. That is correct, if it. prove dishonesty, but it is not hard to the attention of my colleague to the situ­ is strictly a matter of an honest mistake prove that the funds are not there. If ation. Under the existing law, if there devoid of any fraud or dishonesty~ The is a breach of a fiduciary relationship by language I propose in this bill gives the you will change this to provide against virtue of bad judgment or a bad invest- rank-and-file members greater protec­ loss of any funds entrusted to his care ment and one that is free of any fraud, tion than existing law. Let me assure you will cover the whole waterfront. collusion, conspiracy, connivance or the gentleman I would not be intro­ Mr. PUCINSKI. If my colleague will knowledge thereof, or otherwise, and ducing this bill if I was not deeply con.. permit a consultation with the legal where it is an honest niistake, we now cerned about protection of the rank and staff, I will answer him later oii. 1 would provide, and have laws that provide, file. like to study his. suggestion before 1 can under section 501 for a civil action reply. Mr. GRIFFIN. I do not know what Mr. JONES of Missouri. I have talked against that union official. Now if there situation the gentleman is taiking about with representatives of the unions who is an act of dishonesty on the part of a ·himself, but I am assuming he is talking came to me, and I asked them: "Do you union official in the handling of these about a situation that would not be cov­ have any objection or do you think this funds, under section 501 Cc) we provide ered by a simple fraud or dishonesty provision here would still protect your for a criminal penalty and that person bond; otherwise he would not be men­ funds?" They said they were assured can be tried and prosecuted and is sub .. tioning it. I only point out that you are it would. I said, ''If a man made a poor· ject to either a fine of $10,000 or being satisfied with a judgment in a civil ac­ investment as a matter of judgment, if sent to the penitentiary for 5 years. tion against the official and you are not he was negligent, if he was incompetent/'. We do not disturb that provision. That concerned that it may not be collectible. are you covered? provision continues in the bill. The CHAffiMAN. The time of the Mr. PUCINSKI. Nor are they covered Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr• . Chairman, will gentleman has expired. under the present language of the bilL the gentleman yield? . Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield When a union o:tncial now uses poor Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield. my colleague, the gentleman from Mich­ judgment, his union or any member has Mr. GRIFFIN. As r understand the igan [Mr. HARVEY] 2 minutes. the right to recover through a civil suit, argument of the gentleman from Illinois, Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. Mr. and there is nothing in the present Chairman, I am puzzled here and have "faithful discharge" bond that would he is suggesting that under section 501 asked for this time in order to ask my cover recovery of funds spent through of the act we impose a fiduciary respon- · colleague, the gentleman from Michigan, bad judgment unless it can be proven sibillty on ubion officers and union mem­ a question. · that such bad judgment constitutes lack bers and that there would be a civil ac­ I had always understood, although I of faithful discharge of his duties. · tion against that person ·under those cir~ . am not an insurance attOrney, that in­ The language we are prop0sing here is cumstances which would not be covered. surance companies based their premiums identical to the language which now pro.. . Does it bother the gentleman·~t air that upon experience in 'the particular field. May 27, 1965 EGNGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11963 Yet I heard my colleague, the gentleman Mr. GRIFFIN. When the gentleman bonds furnished under the Labor-Man­ from California, stand up here and cite, refers to the "committee," I wish he agement Reporting and Disclosure Act be supposedly, the wonderful experience would keep in mind the fact that I am a of a "faithful discharge of duty" type that the unions have had in this ·par­ member of the committee, also, and I and would change that to require that t icular field. have not received any such letter, though they be of a type of bond which would At the same time, I hear· from him and I do not deny that the gentleman has provide protection against loss due to other members on that side of the aisle received one. fraud or dishonesty. Other than fraud arguments that the premium is too high; . Mr. PUCINSKI. I am sure Mr. Fitz­ or dishonesty, how can any reasonable t hat is, the 25-percent additional. gerald would be happy to send a similar person demand that a bond cover more I should like to ask my colleague from letter. than that from an official? If you want Michigan about this, for I do not under­ Mr. GRIFFIN. No doubt the gentle­ to cover more than that, I would suggest stand it. If the experience is so good, it man is going to report that the 25 percent you go into the field of banking where would seem to me that the premium surcharge is still in effect. I am aware 531 banks in the last year had 2,000 in­ should be quickly lowered by the insur­ of that. dividual cases of internal bank fraud. ance companies. . Mr. PUCINSKI. Shall I report it, In the entire picture of bonding we Mr. GRIFFIN. The gentleman has then? know that this particular feature was asked a good question, and I should like Mr. GRIFFIN. The gentleman from so unfair in the beginning that the rates to answer it in the following way: In California [Mr. RoosEVELT] reported it charged by the American bonding com­ 1959, following the passage of the act earlier. panies was $2.78 as compared to 17 cents requiring bonds for labor union officials Mr. PUCINSKI. In reply to the gen­ per 1,000 prior to the passage of this for the first time; the surety companies­ tleman who asked the question earlier, act. It was only because of pressure looked into the rates ·that were then in then, as of May 25, 1965, 6 years after that they established a figure of a 50- effect for faithful discharge of duty the bill was passed, they are still charging percent surcharge, and only because of bonds which were written for the officers the local unions 25 percent more for the introduction of this legislation did of fraternal organizations. They be­ services they do not know they provide. they reduce it to a 25-percent surcharge: lieved that a fraternal organization was Mr. GRIFFIN. The gentleman is in­ The loss ratio is something we all ought somewhat in the same order of things as correct, because they reduced the rates to take into consideration here. In all a labor organization. At that time the several years ago from a 50-percent sur­ of the labor unions covered in the United surcharge for a faithful discharge of charge to a 25-percent surcharge. States the loss under this particular act duty bond for the officer of a fraternal Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Chairman, will the covering even the faithful discharge of organization was 50 percent more than gentleman yield? duties requirement, beyond the fraud the charge for a simple fraud and dis­ Mr. GRIFFIN; I yield to the gentle­ and dishonesty, was $2.25 on the average honesty bond. man from New Jersey. . for all the local unions ln the United After several years of experience under Mr. JOELSON. The gentleman is States compared to $725 per average loss the act, and findings, as people have proving that the rates charged by the for the banks in the United States. said-in which I concur-that in general surety companies are not consonant with None of us here are suggesting that the experience has been good, that the the experience, and this has convinced you go further in demanding better pro­ number of defalcations and embezzle­ me more than ever that the bill is nec­ tection for depositors, because you have ments and actions on the part of union essary. I believe he has proved a valid better protection built in by the U.S. officials has been relatively small, and point. Government, which reduces the cost of perhaps even less than for bank officials, Mr. GRIFFIN. If the gentleman feels the bonds for the banks. Otherwise the which may well be demonstrated, the that way, that is his privilege. bonds would be prohibitive. surety companies were requested by the I should like to conclude this portion Mr. BATTIN. Mr. Chairman, the bill AFL-CIO to review their rates. At that of the debate by reiterating this state­ before the House, H.R. 5883, dealing with point, on the basis of experience, the rate ment, which I will reiterate everytime I an amendment to the bonding provisions was reduced f:rom a 50-percent surcharge have an opportunity to do so: a vote for. of the Labor-Management Reporting and to a 25-percent surcharge. At the same this bill is not a vote for any surety com­ Disclosure Act, will eliminate what ap­ time they reduced the rates that were in pany or any corporation or management pears to be a gross inequity in the present effect for treasurers or officers of frater­ of any kind. A vote for this bill is a vote law. It does not appear that the real nal organizations. against the rank and file union members ihtent of the original act is being carried It may be that over a period of time of America. out. Bonding costs appear· to be out of further experience will justify a further And do not give me the argument that proportion when compared to other areas reduction of the additional premium, but we should pass this bill because we have where bonds are required. I, therefore, even if it remains at 25 percent the ad­ only limited coverage under the Welfare support this bill, and if any abuses arise ditional protection which the union and Pension Plans Disclosure Act. I was in the future the Congress can act to members are getting as a result of this not in favor of limiting the bonds under make any changes that may be necessary. bond is worth much more than 25 per­ the Welfare and Pension Plans Dis­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Chairman, I just want cent. closure Act. Many may regret the day, to say in regard to this bill that after I wonder if I have answered the gen­ if scandals ever come to the front, con­ hearing the pros and cons in the last tleman's question. cerning what has happened to some of Congress and this one, I have decided to Mr. HARVEY of Michigan. The gen­ the funds for which we do not have pro­ support H.R. 5883. I believe this lan­ tleman has. I was going to ask a second tection for the rank and file union mem­ guage will adequately protect union question, which the gentleman has al­ bers. members, and the faults of carelessness most answered. If the good experience Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance and ignorance should be a problem continues, would the gentleman agree of my time. which union members can find remedy with me that it would be reasonable to Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, I within their own organization. Fraud expect the insurance companies to con­ yield to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ and dishonesty are really the evils for tinue to lower the premium? vania [Mr. DENT] for the remaining which legal recourse is necessary. Mr. GRIFFIN. It would be reasonable time on this side. Mr. HICKS. Mr. Chairman, I rise to­ to expect that, yes. Mr. DENT. Mr. Chairman, I only rise day to speak in support of H.R. 5883. I Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, will because I have talked to some of the am convinced that there is no reason to the gentleman yield? Members who have asked me what we continue any distinction between the Mr. GRIFFIN. I yield to the gen­ were doing in this legislation. In order Labor-Management Reporting and Dis­ tleman from Illinois. that my word be kept and that the REC­ closure Act and the Welfare and Pension . Mr. PUCINSKI. . May I call the gen­ ORD be clear, let me say what we are do­ Plans Disclosure Act insofar as their tleman's attention to a letter received by, ing or intending to do or attempting to bonding provisions, particularly in view .the committee Qn May 25, 1965, from the do here . of the great additional cost to the unions Surety Association of America, signed by - Subsection (a) of H.R. 5S83 would under the Labor-Management Reporting Mr. J. F. Fitzgerald. change the present requirement that and Disclosure Act provisions. CXI--756 11964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 The words "faithful performance of The Clerk read as follows: line 8, and the word "others" in line 9, and duties" are vague and indefinite in char­ insert "of any funds or property entrusted to H.R. 5883 his care". acter. The evidence is uncontradicted Be it enacted. by the Senate and. House that the bonding companies will bond of Representatives of the United. States of Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Chafr­ under those words only at a very high America in Congress assembled, Tha.t the man, as we said before, in my opinion, rate of premium. Moreover, and what first sentence of section 502(a) of the La.bor­ the only reason for a bond is to insure to me is most important, this high pre­ Management Reporting and Disclosure Act against loss of funds. It is very hard to of 1959 is amended by striking out "for the mium rate fails to provide for any in­ faithful discharge of his duties" and substi­ get a conviction for fraud and dishon­ crease in protective coverage. There­ tuting therefor the following: "to provide esty, particularly where sympathy and fore I submit that this inequity should protection against loss by reason of acts of a few other things enter into the pic­ not be permitted to continue. fraud or dishonesty on his part directly or ture. .I have had some experience with Mr. RONAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in through connivance with others", and by municipal bonds, and I know whereof I support of H.R. 5883. I have read the inserting before the period at the end of such speak. I think if we will simplify this report of the committee on this bill and subsection the following: ": Provided, That when in the opinion of the Secretary a labor to the nth degree and say we want to I have carefully followed the views that organization has made other bonding ar­ provide protection against the loss of any all my distinguished colleagues have pre­ rangements which would provide the protec­ funds or property entrusted to his care, sented. tion required by this section at comparable I think that gets the job done. We do Nowhere, in my study of this legisla­ cost or less, he may exempt such labor or­ not get into a lawsuit, we do not bring tion, did I find any evidence that the ganization from placing a bond through a. about a lot of scandal into the union. fraud or dishonesty bond provided under surety company holding such grant of au­ If the money is not there, the bonding the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclo­ thority". company pays off. in SEC. 2. (a) Subsection (a) of section 205 of sure Act has, any way failed to pro­ the Labor-Management Reporting and Dis­ Mr. DENT. Mr. Chairman, will the tect those funds nor have I seen any evi­ closure Act ls amended by striking out "and gentleman yield? dence that would support a conclusion 203" and inserting in lieu thereof "203, and Mr. JONES of Missouri. I yield. that such a bond will not provide the 211". Mr. DENT. Let us say that a man is same protection for union funds other (b) Subsection (b) of such section is entrusted with $10,000 of union dues than welfare and pension plan funds. amended by striking out "or 203" and insert­ and he is bonded. Somebody takes the It is most significant to me that the ing in lieu thereof "203, or 211". money. ( c) Subsection ( c) of such section ls total amounts of moneys included in amended by striking out "or 203" and in­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. I was going welfare and pension plan funds far ex­ serting in lieu thereof "203, or 211". to bring that up. Let us say this man ceeds any of the accumulated union (d) Subsection (b) of section 207 of such collects the money. He is on his way funds. Certainly, if the "fraud or dis­ Act is amended by striking out "or the sec­ home with the money. He is held up and honesty" bond provides adequate pro­ ond sentence of section 203 (b)" both times the money is lost. The bond will cover tection under the Welfare and Pension it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "the that. If he takes the money home and it Plans Disclosure Act, how then can it be second sentence of section 203(b), or sec­ tion 211". is stolen out of his safe, the bond covers said that such will provide inadequate SEC. 3. Title II of the Labor-Management that. protection under the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 1s Mr. DENT. Not under the gentle­ Reporting and Disclosure Act? amended by adding at the end thereof the man's amendment. Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Chairman, the following new section: Mr. JONES of Missouri. Oh, yes; it experience of the last several years has "SURETY COMPANY REPORTS says against loss of any funds or prop­ indicated a clear and definite need to "SEC. 211. Each surety company which is­ erty entrusted to his care. That covers amend the bonding provisions of existing sures any bond required by this Act or the the waterfront. If the money is burned Federal labor law. As one who has long Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act up it is still covered by the bond. All I advocated this position, and the amend­ shall fl.le annually with the Secretary, with respect to each fiscal year during which any am trying to do is to protect the funds of ments included in this bill, I rise in its the people who pay their good money into support. such bond was in f<,>rce, a report, in such form and detail as he may prescribe by regu­ the union treasuries. And some of them These amendments in no way imply lation, fl.led by the president and treasurer pay for the reason that they are forced that there is no further need for bond­ or corresponding principal officers of the to belong to the union, and that is the ing. They in no way diminish present surety company, describing its bond experi­ only reason. coverage or requirements. ence under each such Act, including infor­ Rather, Mr. Chairman, these amend­ mation as to the premiums received, total Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Chairman, will ments we are considering today-amend­ claims paid, amounts recovered by way of the gentleman yield? ments which would substitute a fraud or subrogation, administrative and legal ex­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. I yield. dishonesty bond for the presently re­ penses and such related data and informa­ Mr. PUCINSKI. I can appreciate tion as the Secretary shall determine to be what the gentleman is trying to do, but quired faithful discharge bond--correct necessary in the public interest and to carry certain deficiencies which have been out the policy of the Act. Notwithstanding I think perhaps the gentleman from pointed out by those charged with the the foregoing, if the Secretary finds that any Michigan would agree with me that the administration of the law. Attorney such specific information cannot be prac­ gentleman from Missouri is not right. General Katzenbach, Labor Secretary ticably ascertained or would be uninforma­ The gentleman is really weakening the Wirtz, Solicitor of Labor Donahue, and tive, the Secretary may modify or waive the guarantees that we are trying to put into former Labor Secretaries Mitchell and requirement for such information." this bill. Goldberg have all testified, at one time Mr. ROOSEVELT (interrupting the Let me call your attention to what we or another, that these amendments are reading of the bill). Mr. Chairman, I say in the bill: "to provide protection needed and that they are in order. ask unanimous consent that the bill be against loss by reason of acts of fraud or Very briefly, this bill would eliminate considered as read and open to amend­ dishonesty on his part directly or through the discriminatory treatment presently ment at any point. connivance with others." imposed on labor unions in respect to the The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection We have already covered the part that bonding of officers charged with the re­ to the request of the gentleman from the gentleman wants to cover by the lan­ sponsibility of handling union funds. California? guage which we do not disturb. We say By providing greater flexibility, it would There was no objection. "who handles funds or other property make bonding provisions more realistic, AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. JONES OF thereof." more effective, and more workable. MISSOURI I congratulate the gentleman for his Mr. Chairman, these amendments de­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ effort, but what I fear is that to limit serve our support and I urge that this bill man, I offer an amendment. this bond as the gentleman proposes only be passed today. The Clerk read as follows: "to any funds or property entrusted to The CHAIRMAN. All time has ex­ Amendment offered by Mr. JONES of Mis­ his care" would be wrong, because you pired. The Clerk will read the bi:ll for souri: On page 1, lines 7, 8, and 9, strike out could have a tremendous number of cases amendment. all of line 7 following the word "loss,'' all of where this man would not be responsible. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11965 Mr. JONES of Missouri. Every mem­ Mr. ROOSEVELT. I am glad to yield have to agree with the gentleman from ber who handles money is bonded, is he to the gentleman from North Carolina. California [Mr. ROOSEVELT] in saying not? Mr. WHITENER. I appreciate the that if the bond were written as the gen­ Mr. PUCINSKI. We have already cov­ gentleman yielding to me. tleman from Missouri has suggested, we ered that; "who handles funds or other It seems to me that when we had the have no idea what the premium would property thereof." What you are doing Landrum-Griffin bill before us our pur­ be. I can assure you that it would be a now is limiting his responsibility and pose was to assure that there would not lot more than the premium now charged limiting it only to the "funds or property be pilferage of the money of labor orga­ for a faithful-discharge-of-duty bond. entrusted to his care." nizations. This language "for the faith­ The proposed amendment would provide Mr. JONES of Missouri. That is right. ful discharge of his duties" seems to be an absolute guarantee against any loss Mr. PUCINSKI. He has broader re­ so broad, I am wondering how they ever for any reason, and that could be very sponsibilities. got a bond from a bonding company at expensive. Mr. JONES of Missouri. All I am try­ any price. And to require not only It is well to keep in mind that in the ing to do is to protect the funds. I do bonding but insurance against robberies insurance industry, the surety industry, not care about the discharge of his other and loss and fire, I know of no area in there are certain words and terms of art duties, if he does something else. I am which that is required in the banking that have established meaning in the in­ looking after the money. That. is the laws or anyWhere else of a particular dustry insofar as the courts are con­ only thing I am looking after. The only bank omcer. cerned. way you are going to hold him on any Mr. Chairman, while I certainly do not Mr. Chairman, "the faithful discharge bond is if you can prove that there is wish to do anything to weaken the in­ of duties" is an established term of art fraud or dishonesty. vestigatory powers and the control over which has meaning in the industry. Mr. PUCINSKI. Or collusion or con­ the handling of the funds of these or­ Bonds using these words have been writ­ nivance. ganizations, it seems to me that this lan­ ten for many years for local public offi­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. Or conniv- guage "to provide protection against loss cials and for the officers of fraternal • ance. You have to prove that. All I by reason of acts of fraud or dishonesty organizations. The rates for a faithful­ am saying is that for prima facie evi­ on his part directly or through con­ discharge-of-duties bond are estab­ dence, if the money is not there, it should nivance with others" is a fairly adequate lished; we know what such a bond costs. be replaced. That is why we have a coverage to require. And, clearly, it would provide union bond. That is my only point. I think I know that there are many of us here members considerably more protection that is the simplest way to do it. who would not desire some person to than they would have under the bill Mr. PUCINSKI. You already have come back 3 years after we had made . reported by the committee, covering only that in the bill now. some little investment and look over our simple acts of fraud and dishonesty. Mr. JONES of Missouri. If you al­ shoulder and say, "Well, you were I was rather surprised to hear the re­ ready have it, you do not have to pass the mighty careless." We very seldom ex­ marks of my good friend from North bill. ercise 20/20 prevision. Usually we have Carolina [Mr. WmTENERJ who spoke Mr. PUCINSKI. We have it in the excellent hindsight. earlier, and who is such a good lawYer. bill-"who handles funds or other prop­ Mr. Chairman, I certainly hope that if Surely, he could not have been on the erty." this act as it is now written is unduly floor earlier when I talked about some Mr. JONES of Missouri. What do you burdensome it can be corrected. The of the coverage provided by faithful-dis­ do in that case? new language seems to have been sub­ charge-of-duty bonds that would not be Mr. PUCINSKI. We bond them. scribed to by each of the Secretaries of provided in the situation of a simple dis­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. The only way Labor we have had since Secretary honesty bond. you can protect him is if he loses the Mitchell. We should amend the act in For example, the Federal court has money by acts of fraud or dishonesty or the spirit of !airplay. held that union funds cannot be properly collusion or connivance-- Mr. ROOSEVELT. I thank the gen­ used to pay certain legal defense costs tleman and I think he has stated the case of high officials of the Teamsters Union Mr. PUCINSKI. Or conspiracy. in connection with civil or criminal ac­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. That is right. very clearly for everyone to understand. Again, Mr. Chairman, I want to re­ tions brought against them. The court But the funds are not protected except has found this is not a proper use of in those instances. That is what I am iterate that what we are trying to do is funds. trying to say. to save that extra 25-percent premium because of the vagueness, because we do A New York Times story dated May Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, I 12, 1964, says: rise in opposition to the amendment. not know what the coverage is, and we Mr. Chairman, let me make very clear want to make it something that we do Some sources have given estimates rang­ know about. We want to protect against ing from several thousand dollars up to a. what this amendment would do. This million dollars. amendment does not ask in any way for fraud and dishonesty and we want to insurance. It asks for a fiat guarantee protect against conspiracy. That was If this bill is passed there may be a across the board. If you want to write a the purpose in the beginning. That is legal right on the part of union members fiat guarantee then you had better set all we are now proposing to do, and we to recover funds used for such purposes, up a special deposit insurance type of or­ want to do it in the interest of orderli­ but will the union members be able to ganization and get the whole of the U.S. ness and bringing it in line with existing collect? If the bond covers such a loss, Government behind it. What the gen­ legislation. they can go to the bonding company and tleman's amendment does is to say that Mr. Chairman, I urge the rejection of the bonding company will pay off. no matter how it disappears, no matter the proposed amendment. What if fraud is interwoven and you if it is a loss because of bad judgment, Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, I move end up with a judgment against them no matter what the circumstances may to strike out the last word. under another section, but action has not be, if the money is not there any more, Mr. Chairman, perhaps it might be a been taken, and apparently under this there is a guarantee that the money will clever maneuver for those who oppose bill the union members would not be able be replaced. That is not insurance. the pending bill to support the amend­ to collect. And I do not even know of a compila­ ment of the gentleman from Missouri Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Chairman, will tion of insurance companies which could [Mr. JONES], because if it were adopted, the gentleman yield? take on that kind of a risk. Certainly, I am sure most, if not all, of the people Mr. GRIFFIN. I yield to the gentle­ the premium for that kind of protection who are for this bill as it came from the man from North Carolina. would be just out of the question. I committee would then vote against it. Mr. WHITENER. I may say to the think it falls on its face just by looking However, in all honesty I must oppose gentleman as far as the particular case at it and examining it. the gentleman's amendment even though he mentioned is concerned-and he men­ .Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Chairman, will I know he offers it with the best of inten­ tioned what he read in the newspaper­ the gentleman yield? tions and the utmost good faith. I would ! also read in the newspaper that there 11966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HQUSE May 27, 1965 is litigation pending which was brought Mr. JONES of M_issouri. But you have A motion to reconsider was laid on the by members of the organization to re- to go into court to. prove the fraqd or table, · coup those funds for the union. The disponesty. . gentleman, I think, in his statement is Mr. JOELSON. You have to go into missing the entire point. court even under your amendment if tne AMENDING SECTION 20a(l2) OF THE Mr.- GRIFFIN. The gentleman .is insurance company wants to contest it. INTERSTATE ACT RE INTERLOCK­ pointing to the fact that the union mem- Mr. JONES of Missouri. Under my ING DIRECTORATES bers have a suit pending. I believe that amendment you would only have to prove Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I move m some cases the courts have held they the loss and you would not have to prove that the House resolve itself into the are entitled to recover. But, who are any fraud or dishonesty. Committee of the Whole House on the they going to recover from? That is Mr. JOELSON. With regard to the State of the Union for the consideration what I would like to ask the gentleman, statement of the gentleman from Michi­ of the bill (H.R. 5241) to amend section if we pass this bill. gan [Mr. GRIFFIN] about union ofiicials 20a<12) of the Interstate Commerce Act Mr. WHITENER. If the gentleman using union funds for their own personal to eliminate the necessity for prior ap­ will read the language proposed, and I expenses, I think this too would be cov­ proval of the Commission for a person am not an advocate of the Committee on ered under the pending change in the to hold the position of omcer or director Education and Labor, or any other in- law because that would amount to fraud of more than one carrier when such car­ terested group, the amendment clearly and dishonesty. If a union omcial uses riers are in a single integrated system of says that if there is connivance with union money to build himself a home or carriers lawfully operated under com~ others, and if there is connivance the to pay his own bills, that is fraud and mon control, and for other purposes. recovery will be from those who received dishonesty and would be covered. The SPEAKER. The question is on the funds. It seems to me that the Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, would the motion offered by the gentleman bonding companies are writing a blanket the gentleman yield? from Arkansas. coverage so broad that even their most Mr. JOELSON. I yield. The motion was agreed to.

astute counsel could not possibly antici- Mr. GRIFFIN. Would the gentleman IN TH~ COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE pate what they have obligated the sure- agree that it is covered now under the ties to do under existing law. faithful discharge of duty bond? Accordingly, the House resolved it­ self into the Committee of the Whole I realize the gentleman has pride of Mr. JOELSON. Yes; and it will con- House on the State of the Union for the authorship in the legislation being tinue to be covered. consideration of the bill H.R. 5241, with amended, and I commend him for the Mr. GRIFFIN. You are speculating Mr. NEDZI in the chair. fine work he has done on that matter. - and hoping that it will be covered after At the same time, I think the record we amend the bill. The Clerk read the title of the bill. shows that we do have a situation which Mr. JOELSON. I am not speculating By unanimous consent, the first read­ needs correcting, and this bill will cor- at all. As a fairly competent attorney, ing of the bill was dispensed with. rect it by eliminating an inequitable I am sure that what you referred to is· The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule the condition which results from the failure taken care of. The law books are replete gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. HARRIS] of the existing act to define the bonding with cases and instances like that. will be recognized for 30 minutes, and· requirements. The proposed amend- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. ment will do that and no more. the amendment offered by the gentleman SPRINGER], will be recognized for 30 min­ Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise from Missouri [Mr. JONES]. utes. The Chair recognizes the gentle­ in opposition to the pending amend- The amendment was rejected. man from Arkansas. ment. The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I ·yield Mr. Chairman, I take the fioor at this Committee will rise. myself such time as I may consume. time to answer a few of the things that Accordingly the Committee rose· and Mr. Chairman, this bill would. amend have been mentioned. the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. AL~ERT) section 20a<12) of the Interstate Com­ First of all, the gentleman from Mis- having assumed the chair, Mr. UDALL, merce Act having to do with interJocking· souri said that in order to collect under Chairman of the Committee of the directorates in the railroad industry. this proposed law there would have to Whole House on the State of the Union, This bill is one merely to clarify the be a conviction for fraud or dishonesty, reported that that Committee, having present law to make it unnecessary for and the jury might not convict. The had under consideration the bill (H.R any company, rinder such circumstances, fact is you do not need a criminal con- 5883) to amend the bonding provisions to have to go to the Interstate Commerce viction. The law books are replete with of the Labor-Management Reporting Commission to obtain approval, when a cases where there have been no civil and Disclosure Act of 1959 and the Wei­ member of the board of directors may be actions, although bonding or insurance fare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act, serving on the board of one railroad and companies are required to make good. pursuant to House Resolution 393, he at the same time serving on the board of It is as a result of a civil action that reported the ·bill back to the House. another, when both are under one com­ you get recovery against the bonding The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under mon control and management. That is company or insurance company. We the rule, the previous question is ordered. all the provision would do. Under the present law it is necessary, even have arso~ cases where after a .de- The question is on the engrossment when a person serves on the board of f~~dant is acqwtted of arson, ~here is a and third reading of the bill. railroad A and at the same time serves civil case for arson and the m~urance The bill was ordered to be ·engrossed company is stuck. So that I thmk you and read a third time, and was read the on the board of ranroad B, as an exam­ are mistaken when you feel there has third time ple, when both railroads are under a common control and under single man­ to be a criminal convi~tion before th~re The SPEAKER pro tempore. The agement, as a matter of law, to go to the can be recovery against the bondmg question is on the passage of the bill. Interstate Commerce Commission and comt>any. . . Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, on that obtain authority or permission. Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Chair- I ask for the yeas and nays As an example, the experience has man, will the gentlem~n yield? The SPEAKER pro te~pore. Mem- been, for about 4 years, if we can go back, Mr. JOELSON. I yield. bers in favor of taking the vote by the that there were some 851 interlocking Mr. JONES of Missouri. Can you tell yeas and nays will rise and remain directorship applications. Experience me of any insurance company that woul~ standing until counted. [After count­ has proved that as a matter of course pay off unless you could prove fraud or ing.] Thirty Members have risen; not a they are approved, but this requires proc­ dishonesty? sumcient number. essing and requires the time of the Mr. JOELSON. Of course, you might The ayes and noes were refused. Commission and ·its personnel. In order have to sue them civilly but you do not The question was taken. to save time and money involved i:r;i proc­ have to get a criminal conviction. The bill was passed. essing the applications, when they are May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - HOUSE 11967 uniformly granted, the bill would merely control of the New York Central Railroad Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, I amend the law to eliminate this .require_. at the time of the desired merger with yield myself such time as I may con-. ment. the Pennsylvania Railroad. Suppose sume. There is no opposition to this pro­ the question of the completion of the Mr. Chairman, there was some dis­ posal. As a matter of fact, it is rec­ merger is still up in the air in the sense agreement in the committee over how far ommended by the Interstate Commerce that although there may be apparent this bill should go. However, as it final­ Commission. It is one of their pro­ control, nevertheless there may still be ly came from the committee this bill posals that has been recommended in a a lawsuit as to whether or not there is would amend section 20a(12) of the In­ series of bills by the Commission. The sufficient ownership to amount to con­ terstate Commerce Act so as to, first, committee held hearings. They were trol. Do I make myself clear, Mr. Chair­ eliminate the necessity for prior approval brief, but we did develop it there and man? of the Interstate Commerce Commission we found that it is a desirable proposal. Mr. HARRIS. I think I understand for a person to hold the position of offi­ We feel it is a good procedure. So the what the gentleman has in mind, but cer or director of more than one carrier committee, after consideration of the this certainly could not in any way affect when such carriers are in a single inte­ proposal, unanimously reported the bill. that kind of a situation. There could grated system of carriers lawfully op­ There is a second proviso in the bill be no common control in a situation like erated under common control; and, sec­ that has some differences of opinion on that until the merger had been complet­ ond, to make it clear that the prohibition it. That would be the proviso which ed and became effective. against the holding by "any person" of would require a director serving on one Now, we can give you another type of the position of officer or director of more board of directors of a railroad and a example which would explain what we than one carrier, without prior approval member of the same organization or are talking about. As an example, let of the Commission, applies to the holding firm-for example, a law firm--serving us take in my own part of the country the of such positions by different members, on another railroad where there is not Missouri Pacific. The Missouri Pacific officers, employees, or directors of the the common control and management, it has for many years had the majority same firm, copartnership, corporation, would require him to go to the Commis­ control, that is, most of the control, of association, or joint stock association, or sion and obtain the authority to serve the Texas Pacific. It is all under one to the representation of a person on the under this circumstance. management and it has been for all these board of directors of more than one Being perfectly candid about it, some years. The Texas Pacific is one of these carrier through an agent or nominee. of the railroad industry do not like this. roads which was chartered by the Fed­ The committee felt that there was a They think it is an unnecessary require­ eral Government, if I recall it correctly. justification for this. The first sentence ment. They would prefer not to have The combined roads have been for many of the section that I have read requires to do it, and they asked that it not be years under one ownership and under persons desiring to serve as officer, direc­ required. The committee considered the control of the same group of direc­ tor of more than one carrier to file an this second proviso in the bill. An tors. This is the kind of a situation we application and obtain approval from . amendment was offered by one of the have in mind. The Texas Pacific does the Commission. This is true, even members to delete that provision, but have a board of directors. It always though the carriers involved are affiliat­ the committee, by a rather substantial maintained it over the years. It has con­ ed members of the same system of car­ vote, refused to adopt the amendment. sisted of some of the same people who riers. Where railroads are under lawful The committee felt, after hearing the were members of the board of directors common control, they form essentially a Interstate Commerce Commission and of the Missouri Pacific. But each time, single system. In this circumstance, the the other information which was pre­ each year, they have to go to the ICC and holding of intrasystem interlocking offi­ sented to it, that this proviso should be get permission to do it. Generally it is cer positions and directorships is a nat­ required. Consequently, we have adopt­ automatic, but you have to process the ural aid to coordination of . operations, ed the recommendation of the Interstate papers, it requires a lot of man-hours and the Commission has long approved Commerce Commission in this respect and a good deal of expense and it is all such applications as a matter of course. and bring it to the attention of the unnecessary. That is the kind of situa­ And in this instance the Interstate Com­ House. There is not a lot of opposition tion we have in mind. merce Commission has requested and ap­ to it but it is just that some of the rail­ But where there is a merger of two proved the course which the committee roads would rather not and would prefer companies, the situation is different. We has taken on this bill. Nevertheless, the not to do it. Actually, most of them, as can take as an example of what the filing and processing of formal applica­ I understand it, ·would be willing to ac­ gentleman perhaps has in mind, the case tions for such authority entail consider­ cept the second proviso, although they a few years ago when the C. & O. pur­ able time and expense both for the ap­ are not in wholehearted accord with it, chased controlling stock in the Balti­ plicant and the Commission which could in order to get relief from the first pro­ more & Ohio. That was before the ICC be saved without adversely affecting the viso contained in the bill. That is, sim­ for a number of years. After that merger public interest. Now, Mr. Chairman, in ply, the understanding I have of the pro­ was permitted under the regulations of order to give the members of the com­ posal. the ICC and with ICC approval, then mittee some idea as to how large this is, Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, will everything was regular and in order. a total of 851 interlocking directorship the gentleman yield? This does not in any way affect any applications were filed during the period Mr. HARRIS. I will be glad to yield merger nor interfere in any way with a covered by the Commission's annual re­ to the gentleman from New York. pending merger. ports from the 74th through the 77th of Mr. FARBSTEIN. Does the gentleman Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, I such reports to Congress, July 1960 know what the definition of "control" thank the gentleman. through July 1963. Since only about 2 is? Mr. HARRIS. This is a very simple percent of these applications involve pos­ Mr. HARRIS. Do you mean as far as proposal. We obtained the rule pri­ itions in unaffiliated carriers, the time the Interstate Commerce Commission is marily on the basis that there was this and money consumed in filing and proc­ concerned? difference of opinion in railroad thinking essing approximately 98 percent of these Mr. FARBSTEIN. Yes. Or the gen­ on the question of two members of one applications could have been saved if eral definition of "control"? What I organization or firm or association serv­ the section were revised as recommend­ have particular reference to here is this: ing two different railroads that were com­ ed. Moreover, a considerable reduction I am not trying to be difficult but just pletely separate and apart from each in recordkeeping expenses would have trying to have this situation clarified. other. The committee thought that the been realized. Suppose that there were a pending merg­ Commission ought to pass on that kind Mr. Chairman, this is the testimony of er and apparently this merger were com­ of case, and therefore we bring the bill the Interstate Commerce Commission pleted and there was apparent control to you with a unanimous report of the which is by iaw looki_ng after the public but nevertheless there was objection to committee and recommend it for your interest and they have indicated that this this control such as in the case of the approval. bill is in the public interest. That is the 11968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-: HOUSE . May 27, 1965 reason the committee has brought this cancelled the professional bout causing I would like to talk in these few min­ bill to the floor of the House today. them to move into another State. In utes abo.ut only two of these. I know of Mr. Chairman, I have no further re­ such a case, and in the event there might no subject on the sports pages of the quests for time and I reserve the balance be effected collusion or bribery, and so last year that has been given more space of my time. forth, and there would result national than the discussion that has been given Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I yield racketeering or even terrorism, extortion, to the question of baseball franchises myself 5 minutes. threat, coercion, intimidation, and so and the moving from one city to another Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ forth, the Commission could prevent the of a baseball club. This is just one part sent to speak out of order. event being carried by television or radio of it. We are now on the verge of watch­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection or wire services in interstate commerce. ing one great team move from one city to the request of the gentleman from I believe this would provide the vehicle on Lake Michigan to a city in the South. Arkansas? by which, if we were faced again with All of this may be perfectly all right. There was no objection. a situation that has been presented to But I believe it would be helpful for us Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, a great this country in the last few days, we to go into this question of baseball fran­ number of our colleagues have ex­ would have a regulatory agent or body chises. Has the time come when this pressed some concern, rather deep feel­ set up with legal authority to act. country is big enough and affluent ings, and other people whom I have Therefore, I am dropping this in the hop­ enough and powerful enough and eco­ noted here and throughout the country per today and I announce to the Mem­ nomically sufficient so that every city of and through the press, over the de­ bers of the House that if it is referred any consequence in the country can have bauchery in the boxing profession as a to the Committee on Interstate and For­ a major league baseball franchise? result of what happened the other eve­ eign Commerce it is my purpose to sched­ This is another and a second ques­ ning. There have been a good many ule hearings at a very early date and tion to be considered. who have approved and have requested go into this matter thoroughly to deter­ May I say I do not have any precon- · that this matter receive attention. mine, No. 1, if this is the right approach ceived notions about this. I just be­ Mr. Chairman, I have thought a great and, No. 2, if there is a better way to do lieve it is important. What is happen­ deal about it. I am one of those who it, or there might be some modification ing on this question of franchises now? believes that there should be some way of this proposal. They are trying to form, as I understand of restoring integrity to this great na­ I may say that early in the session our it, a third league if this can be done. tional pastime in which our people colleague from Illinois, the ranking Re­ There is a third problem, I think, in have throughout the years expressed publican member of the committee, )Vas the field of baseball that is all import­ some interest and in the days when interested in this subject, and he ap­ ant. Historically, and probably for the there were such eventful occasions proached me about going into it and good of baseball, it has been owned by which occurred, and there was so much making some study of it. The gentle­ people. It has been owned by persons interest in this national type of enter­ man was visionary, he evidently had who were personally responsible for the tainment and which stood so high in some intuition or something, and I prob­ activities and the economics of baseball the minds of our people. It is a very ably should have acceded to his request in the particular community. Now what popular sport. I have decided that there or suggestion, but did not do so. has happened in the last year? Well, is a way to do it. But this will give us an opportunity to we have had one of the great baseball About 15 years ago we had another do something about it and I, for one, in­ · teams of this country passing out of problem affecting interstate commerce tend to see what can be done about it. the ownership of individuals into a cor­ and communications; so, by direction of Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, I poration. One large corporation, CBS, the committee there was developed ·an yield myself 10 minutes and ask unani­ owns this team. I repeat: I have no pre­ approach to it. Going back and recalling mous consent to proceed out of the regu­ conceived notion about this but I think that experience I have asked the staff to lar order. we ought to know: Is this for the good provide what I believe 1s an approach to The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, of baseball? Is this what baseball ought it, and I am today introducing a bill it is so ordered. to do and to be? Should a baseball team which proposes to establish and describe There was no objection. be owned by a private corporation whose the duties of a Federal Boxing Commis­ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, the primary business is something else other sion for the purpose of insuring that the chairman of the great Committee on than baseball? channels of interstate commerce are free Interstate and Foreign Commerce has Just yesterday I read in the newspa­ from false and fraudulent descriptions mentioned that I had a conversation with pers, in an adjoining city only 40 miles or depictions of professional boxing con­ him some 2 months ago. At that time I away, the controlling interest in the Bal­ tests. gave my considered opinion that a great timore baseball team has passed over to This prnposal is very simple. It is not part of professional boxing was a na­ a beer company; 27 percent of the stock, lengthy. It would provide, first, for a tional disgrace and I told him so in his as I understand it, has passed into the Federal Commission on Boxing, the office. I believed it then and I believe hands of this company. members of which to be appointed by the it more this afternoon. I have nothing against the beer com­ President of the United States. It would I believe that our committee has juris­ panies. I only ask: Is this for the good add a staff under civil service laws that diction in the area of sports. This is of baseball, to have a beer company own would help it to carry out its functions. interstate commerce. That fact has al­ a baseball franchise? It would arm the Commission with pow­ ready been adjudicated on a number I am not familiar with the situation ers to make recommendations to carry of occasions by the Parliamentarians of in St. Louis. Perhaps Mr. August Busch out the purposes of the act. For the pur­ both bodies. owns the franchise entirely separate poses of investigation the provisions of The great Committee on the Judiciary from his beer company. That is a dif­ sections 9 and 1O of the Federal Trade has taken jurisdiction at ~imes where the ferent problem, if he does. I am not Commission Act would be applicable. In question of monopoly was involved and sufficientiy acquainted with the facts to order that the Commission may carry out that is a very, very limited part of t)J.e know whether Anheuser Busch owns the its duties, it would provide for the Com­ whole field of sports. St. Louis Cardinals. If they do, is this mission to exercise continuing surveil­ In the conversation I had with the dis­ good for baseball? Is this the direction lance over the field of professional box­ .tinguished chairman of the Interstate ing; but it would then give the Commis­ .and Foreign Commerce Committee in his in which baseball should be going? sion the authority and the power to de­ office some 2 months ago, I referred not One team is owned by a television com­ termine that in such circumstances it only to boxing but I referred to several pany, which undoubtedly is going to get may investigate and find that if any­ other problems ·of sports generally that an exclusive right to the television pro­ thing questionable is about to occur, as I felt this committee ought to go into graming of that particular team. Is it apparently must have been when the before something developed that would right that a beer company should own a Massachusetts commission learned there be harmful generally to the whole area team, or perhaps a second beer company was something apparently wrong and of sports. should own a franchise in one of the big May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11969 leagues, in order that it may have ad­ In respect to all these sPorts, that use boxing gloves in the glorious days of vertising outlets on TV and. radio for which they seek to determine is not a Figg, the first of the champions, but that particular city? Is this for the good local or a national but a world's cham­ fought with bare knuckle8 and occasion­ of baseball? That is the question, in my pionship. Hence if we are to have an ally with clubs. Maybe we ought return opinion. investigation, it would seem to me that to that. If my good friend and col­ Let me go on to football for a moment, is in the field of foreign affairs. league from Illinois would permit me if I may. There are two leagues. As I Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will slightly to amend his splendid idea we understand it, they are trying to form the gentleman yield? might have the principals in this week's a third league, the Continental League. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I yield to the fiasco attempt to square themselves with We come back to the problem of distinguished chairman. the American sporting public by :fighting whether every big city in the country Mr. HARRIS. I appreciate the very as did the early gladiators with bare fists should have a major league football wise statement the gentleman has made, and cudgels, all of course, free of any franchise. Perhaps they all should. and certainly the spirit in which he has charge of admission. It seems to me, if our committee has made it. Mr. PUCINSKI. If the gentleman jurisdiction over these particular prob­ This event, if we can call it an event, will yield further, the only thing I won­ lems, at least once in awhile we ought to which was perpetrated on the American der about in this regard is whether the have a hearing to look into them, to see people went far beyond the bounds of country and the world would ever want what is good for boxing, baseball, and this country. It was a rather amazing to see these two men in a ring together football. If that ts our job, we ought to thing that the wonderful and fine media again. be doing something about finding out the we have in this country, which we have Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. The gentle­ direction in which boxing, baseball, and made available for our people, were taken man with his usual sense of penetration football are going. advantage of by closed circuit television has something there. This is something about which I feel on a commercial basis--commercial Mr. Chairman, I yield back the re­ strongly. As I said to the chairman in meaning $5 and $7 tickets for everyone-­ mainder of my time. his office some 2 months ago, I feel this for the people of the United States. The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, is something we ought to do before some­ But they went far beyond that-and the Committee rises. thing happens-like what happened at I am sure this is what the gentleman Accordingly, the Committee rose; and Lewiston, Maine, the other night. had in mind-they went far beyond that the Speaker having resumed the chair, I am happy the chairman has intro­ and used the facilities of this wonderful Mr. NEnzr, Chairman of the Committee duced a bill, so that our committee can instrument which is called the Early of the Whole House on the State of the at least consider the field of boxing and Bird, the communications satellite, and Union, reported that that ,committee, can go into these problems to determine beamed from there the program all over having had under consideration the bill what is in the best interests of these the world in order to make it free to all

In extending the act's protection to the receive tips. The Fair Labor Standards Act OVERTIME STANDARD categories of workers dealt with in this bill, does permit now, and will continue to allow, These bllls wlll require the payment of a selective approach is followed so that those the counting of tips toward the minimum double time for work in excess of 48 hours needing it the most will be benefited. wage if such tips are accounted for by the a week, with this figure being reduced 1 hour F'or example, laundry workers have long employee to the employer. If a rough esti­ each year for 3 years so that it will eventually been among the lowest paid in the country. mate is made of the value of tips in restau­ mean double time after 45 hours a week. Earnings data published by the Bureau of rants, the proportion of employees who would This double-time requirement will apply Labor Statistics indicate that the spread be­ be required to receive wage increases would only to employees who are now covered by tween Wa.ges in laundries and wages in low­ be 29 percent rather than 53 percent. The the act's overtime provisions. wage manufacturing industries steadily proportion in hotels would drop from 50 per­ The purpose of this change is not to in­ widened between 1947 and 1960. A com­ cent to 36 percent (table 2) . crease individual earnings. It ls to reduce parison of wages in laundries and in the Studies conducted by the Wage and Hour unemployment. This was the original pur­ fertilizer industry (which is a low-wage in- · Division on the effects of the 1961 amend­ pose of the time-and-a-half provision. But dustry but is covered by the act) illustrates ments to the Fair Labor Standards Act indi­ that provision is lo longer an effective deter­ this fact. Average hourly earnings in the cate that the economy adjusted easily to the rent to excessively long hours of work. In fertilizer industry were 15 cents higher than required increases in the minimum wage. many instances overtime work at time and a those in the laundry industry in 1947. By Even in the lowest wage nonmetropolitan half is less costly to an employer than the 1960, the spread between the two industries areas the increase in wages for workers at the hiring of additional workers. The growth of had increased to 63 cents. Today, 41 percent low end of the wage scale was accompanied supplementary benefit costs continues to re­ of the laundry workers who would be covered by a net increase in employment. Also, duce the effectiveness of the time-and-one­ by this bill receive less than $1.25 an hour. studies to measure the effects of extending half provision, as the premium rate for over­ Similarly, average hourly earnings in the the minimum wage to a group of workers time is generally computed on cash wages, fertilizer industry were 28 cents higher in not previously covered indicate that the not on cash wages plus fringe benefit costs. 1947 than the average hourly wage in yea.r­ amendments succeeded in raising the wages In 1963, an average of 2.8 hours of over­ round hotels. By 1960, this differential had of workers earning less than the minimum time were worked per week for each produc­ increased to 63 cents. It is estimated that wage, and that employment in these newly tion worker in manufacturing industries. 36 percent of the hotel and motel workers covered segments did in fact go up. In 1964, the average was 3.1 hours. In each who would be extended the act's protection There is ample evidence that the benefits month of 1965, the average number of over­ under this bill now receive less than $1.25 which have accrued to low-wage workers as time hours worked in manufacturing has an hour in cash wages plus tips. a result of the act and its changes have far been higher than the corresponding month The estima.ted number of other categories outweighed the spotty adverse effects on em­ in 1964. In the first quarter of 1965 the of workers who will be extended the act's ployment in individual establishments and seasonally adjusted average number of over­ protection, now receiving less than $1.25 an individual localities. The present minimum time hours was 3.7 hours a week as compared hour, is as follows: wage of $1.25 an hour is still less than half with 3 hours in 1964. Percent the average hourly earnings in manufactur­ Retail trade (secs. 3(s) and 13(a) (2) >-- 30 ing, mining, and construction-the indus­ Two nationwide surveys conducted in 1964 Agricultural processing within the area tries in which all or many workers have been indicate not only the extent to which over­ of production (sec. 13(a) (10)) ______64 time was worked but also the number of covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act overtime hours actually worked by em­ Local transit (sec. 3(s) )------10 since 1938. ployees working overtime. The surveys cov­ Cotton ginning (sec. 13(a) (18) )------67 The ease with which the economy can ad­ Taxicabs (sec. 13(a) {12) )------25 ered manufacturing industries and whole­ just to a change in the minimum wage law sale trade.1 Small logging (sec. 13(a) (15)) ______6 depends on general business activity at the Motion picture theaters (secs. 3(s) and time of the change. There could be no These studies along with data from sec­ 13{a) (2))------60 better time than the present period of un­ ondary sources on other industries, indicate Construction (sec. 3(s) )------6 precedented business prosperity to broaden that 62Ya m1llion overtime hours-hours Restaurants (secs. 3(s) and 13(a) (2) )-- 29 the base of the Fair Labor Standards Act. over 40 in a week-are being worked each All other industries (sec. 3(s) )------28 week by almost 8 million employees subject This is a vital part of our war on poverty. to the provisions of the Fair Labor Standards The proposed clarification and consolida­ Our concern is not alone for the jobless; the Act. Approximately 16.8 million of the hours tion of provisions in the act relating to the working poor live in poverty too. For far are hours over 48 in a week. (See table 3.) handling and processing of farm products is too many Americans, the conditions deplored Flexibility is maintained in the present long past due. The exemptions covering by the 75th Congress when it enacted the Fair Labor Standards Act still remain a grim bill by continuing the time and one-half re­ these agricultural operations have proved quirement for at least 5 hours of overtime. over the years to be complex, overlapping, reality. In addition, the bill permits regulations to and difficult to apply. In enacting the 1961 Many families living in poverty today do be issued which would in effect waive the Fair Labor Standards Act amendments, Con­ not need the services, of welfare workers. double-time requirement in periods of ex­ gress directed the Secretary of Labor to They do not need public assistance. They traordinary emergency or where other com­ "study the complicated system of exemptions do not need charity. They are quite capable pelling needs exist. now available for the handling and proces­ of running their own affairs. What they sing of agricultural products under the act need is a living wage for the head of the A double-time penalty will reduce over­ and particularly sections 7(b), 7(c), and 13 family. One of the reasons they are not time work and will create jobs for the un­ (a) (10) ." The Department made a detailed getting it is that a great many of these employed. The 62 Ya million overtime hours study of these exemptions, and the amend­ workers are employed in industries that have worked per week in March 1964 are the ments in the attached bill reflect the infor­ not yet been covered by the Fair Labor equivalent of more than lYa million full-time mation compiled in this study. Standards Act. jobs. The 16.8 million hours over 48 in a The provision extending the geographical The revision in section 7 ( e) of the act week are the equivalent of some 400,000 full­ application of the Fair Labor Standards Act relating to the computation of overtime for time jobs. A double-time provision will not to the Eniwetok and Kwajalein Atolls and employees (except where their work necessi­ create that many jobs. But it wm have a Johnston Island accords the same protection tates irregular hours) eliminates an in­ significant effect in terms of increased em­ to employees in these trust territories as is equitable situation in which the rate on ployment. accorded to employees in other areas under which overtime pay is computed decreases Much of the work over 48 hours per our jurisdiction, such as the Canal Zone. as the number of hours worked in a work­ week is done on a recurring basis. The b1ll does provide, however, with respect week increases. Thus, the longer an em­ to these newly covered territories, that the ployee works, the less are his earnings per 1 These reports relate to a single week in Secretary may issue rules and regulations hour. allowing reasonable variations and tolerances March 1964, but are reasonably reliable as The lengthening of the statute of limita­ an indicator of overtime hours worked from the act's requirements if, after hear­ tions to 3 years will allow workers more time ing, he finds that economic conditions war­ throughout the year in manufacturing in­ to familiarize themselves with their legal dustries-the only group for which such rant such action. right to back wages and thus improve en­ data are regularly available. In every year As has been indicated, about one-third forcement of the act. The short statute of for which these data are available, the varia­ the 4% million workers who would be brought under the act are now earning less limitations gives competitive advantage to tion between the average overtime hours in than $1.25 an hour in cash wages. The pro­ violators and penalizes many workers in the March and the average for the entire year portions, however, range from 10 percent or collection of wages legally due. The Federal was 0.4 of an hour or less. In most years, the less in construction, small logging, and local criminal statute runs for 5 years and many variation was 0.1 or 0.2 of an hour. In fact, transit, to 50 percent or more in hotels, other statutes run for 3 years or more. The for the 9 years for which these data are restaurants, motion picture theaters, and in existing 2-year period under the Fair Labor now available, the average for March is 2.4 agricultural processing activities. Standards Act ls also shorter than that overtime hours per employee in manufactur­ In several of the activities in which the allowed creditors of employees to collect ing and the 9-year average of the annual proportions are 50 percent or more, employees money owed food and rent b1lls. figures is 2.6 hours. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11973 Many of the long hours a.re worked by The Fair Labor Standards Act was a ma­ proposed changes are necessary to restore workers at the lower end of the wage scale jor social achievement in 1938. But its the original pace. in jobs which the unemployed could fill with stated objective was to eliminate substand­ I urge early and favorable consideration of little or no training. ard conditions "as rapidly as possible." The this proposal.

TABLE 1.-Estimated number of nonsupervisory employees covered under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended, and under State minimum wage laws or orders, by industry, 1964 1. [In thousands]

Number of Number of Number of Number of employees employees not employees employees not Industry Total number covered by covered or covered by covered by of employees Fair Labor exempt from State laws Fair Labor Standards Act Fair Labor only Standards Act Standards Act or State laws

TotaL ------_--- ___ ------47,260 29, 593 17, 667 4,937 12, 730 1,882 1,882 56 1,826 559 554 5 1 4 t=~~~~-~~~-~~-~~~======Contract construction ______-----______======__----- ======-______3,029 2,413 616 168 448 Manufacturing ___ _------15, 851 15, 207 644 106 538 Transportation, communications, utilities------3,664 3,474 190 34 156 Wholesale trade ______--__ --___ - _------3, 015 2, 092 923 105 818 Retail trade ______----- ______-- ---______--___ ---__ _ 7, 988 2,593 5,395 2,256 3, 139 2, 515 1,869 646 94 552 §::· <:~ru:· ~~~:;i~t;erVicef_======6, 253 1,~91 4,862 2, 117 2, 745 Domestic service 2___ ------______2,504 2,504 (2) 2,504

1 Estimates represent employment in September 1964 except for retail trade, which 2 Coverage of domestic workers is provided by very few State laws, and the language relates to June 1964. Estimates are for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. of th!'l5;0 laws is such that virtually all domestic workers are excluded from the coverage Estimates for employees covered only under State minimum wage laws or orders provisions. reflect only such laws or orders enacted or revised from 1955 and through Jan. 1, 1965. All employees are included except executive, administrative, and professional employ­ Source: Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions, Office of Research and ees and government workers. Legislative Analysis.

TABLE 2.-Estimated numbe~ of nonsupervisory employees who would be brought under the minimum wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act by H.R. 8259 and the estimated number paid less than $1.25 an hour

Employees added to minimum wage coverage by the proposed extension

Number paid less than $1.25 Industry Total number Based on cash wages With an allowance for tips

Number Percent Number Percent

Thousand• Thousands Thousands All industries ______------______------______------_ ---______4, 561 1, 572 34 1,406 31 Retail trade ______------______1,500 456 30 456 30 Food service ______------_------__ --_-_ --- _------_- __ ------_- __ - _____ ---__ ------_- - 100 72 72 72 72 Auto and farm equipment dealers------600 96 16 96 16 All other retail trade ______------______----___ -----__ ------_____ --____ ---__ 800 288 36 288 36 Hotels------­ 275 138 50 99 36 Restaurants- _ -----_------425 225 53 123 29 Laundries ______-----~- ______175 72 41 72 41 Hospitals and nursing homes ______------890 303 34 303 34 75 45 60 45 60 ro0c~f¥;fii~~e-~~~~!~~~:::::::::::=::::::======:::=:::::::=::=:::=:::::::::: 10 1 10 1 10 Construction ______------_------__ _ 250 15 6 15 6 650 201 31 181 AllAgricultural other industries processing (3(s)) within __ ------area -of-- production_------______28 Cotton ginning ______------______90 58 64 58 64 Small logging ______34 23 67 23 67 87 5 6 5 6 Taxicabs______------__ ------___ ------_____ ------______100 30 30 25 25

NOTE.-Retail, retail service, and laundry establishments with less than $250,000 Source: Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions, Office of Research and in annual receipts would remain exempt. Legislative Analysis. TABLE 3.-Estimated number of weekly over­ GEN. THOMAS HOLCOMB of Honor, and three decorations of the time hours and estimated number of over­ Croix de Guerre with Palm. time hours over 48 a week worked in Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask covered industries by major industry group, unanimous consent to extend my remarks From June 1932 until January 1935, March 1964 at this point in the RECORD. prior to his appointment to brigadier The SPEAKER. Is there objection general, he served in the Office of the [In millions of hours] to the request of the gentleman from Chief of Naval Operations. He then California? served as Commandant of Marine Corps Number of over­ time hours There was no objection. Schools, Quantico, Va., until November Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I know 1936, when he was ordered to Headquar­ Industry group Total Number that all Members of the House share a ters Marine Corps. number over 48 deep sense of loss with the passing last In December 1936, General Holcomb in a week Monday of Gen. Thomas Holcomb, 17th assumed the office of Major General Commandant of the Marine Corps. Commandant. With his advancement to Total __ ------62. 6 16.8 During his more than 44 years of active lieutenant general on January 20, 1942, Industries covered pr;or to 196L __ 59. 4 16. 0 service, he saw foreign duty in China, by an act of Congress, he became the the Philippines, Cuba, and France. highest ranking officer in the history of Manufacturing_------42. 4 12. 7 Wholesale trade ______5.6 1. 3 As a battalion commander in France the Marine Corps. All other ______ll 4 2.0 during World War I, he fought at Cha­ When Lieutenant General Holcomb 3. 2 .8 teau-Thierry, Soissons, St. Mihiel, and reached normal retirement age in Au­ the Meuse Argonne. He was awarded gust 1943, the President announced he R etail trade ______3.0 .8 All other------the Navy Cross, the Silver Star Medal was continuing General Holcomb as • 2 ------with three oak leaf clusters, a Meri­ Commandant of the Marine Corps in rec­ Source: Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divi­ torious Service Citation, the Purple ognition of his outstanding service. sions, Office of Research and Legislative Analysis. Heart, the French Cross of the Legion Many of us here remember him as our 11974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 first Commandant when we joined the the biggest frauds on the sport fan in I am sure they will-I am goi-ng to file corps. history. a discharge petition: With his retirement on January 1. The public should be protected against The American people are asking one 1944, General Holcomb was advanced to unethical promotions that bill them­ thing: What are you fellows in Congress the rank of general, thus becoming the selves as major, upstanding sports going to·do to protect us against such as first marine ever to hold four-star rank. events. There is a mixed-up situation that which happened the other night? During his 7 years as Commandant, in the heavyweight ranks, with different This bill will be a good vehicle. We do General Holcomb saw the corps expand organizations claiming to have the only not need any investigation; we need ac­ from 16,000 men to 300,000 men and bona fide world champion. We have tion. This bill will give us the oppor­ women. He is considered one of the one champ who is recognized west of the tunity to get that action. Marine Corps' great commandants. Catskills, and one who reigns on tele­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, wili the In March 1944 General Holcomb was vision. gentleman yield? appointed U.S. Minister to the Union of I surely do not believe any thought Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I South Africa, a position he held until should be given to a Patterson-Clay fight yield to the gentleman. · June 1948. Following his resignation, until boxing has had a thorough investi­ Mr. GROSS. There was one winner in he managed the family farm at Rose gation by the Congress ; and if legal connection with that fight, and that was Croft, St. Mary's City, Md., until 1956, action is necessary, possibly an injunc­ the State of Massachusetts that refused when he moved to Chevy Chase, Md. tion would be in order. to allow them to hold it there. Following a serious illness in the spring My resolution gives the House Judi­ Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. To of 1964, he returned to his native New ciary Committee full power to conduct their eternal credit. They knew what Castle. a wide-ranging probe of boxing and come was going to happen and they put a stop History has assigned a unique duty up with suggested legislative remedies. to it. It is to the eternal credit of the and purpose to our country-the pre­ State whence comes our distinguished servation and extension of human dig­ Speaker, than whom no greater Speaker nity both at home and abroad. In the NATIONAL BOXING COMMISSION ever occupied that chair. performance of that mission the United Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. States has expended thousands of pre­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ cious lives, of ten in remote and lonely dress the House for 1 minute and to revise RAY HENLE AND "THREE-STAR EX­ corners of the earth. No one was more and extend my remarks. TRA" DESERVE PRAISE deeply aware of the burdens and re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, sponsibilities of that mission than was to the request of tpe gentleman from I ask unanimous consent to address the General Holcomb. His integrity, cour­ South Carolina? House for 1 minute and to revise and age, and humaneness epitomized those There was no objection. extend my remarks. values for which we committed the full Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. The SPEAKER. Is there objection measure· of our national devotion. We Speaker, I have today introduced a bill to the request of the gentleman from shall miss him. Yet, we can be com­ to curb monopolistic control of profes­ Florida? forted by the knowledge that his leader­ sional boxing and to establish within the There was no objection. ship has assured that future generations Department of Justice the Office of the Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak­ can be free and his personal example will National Boxing Commissioner. er, tomorrow marks the last day of broad­ be an eternal standard to which they can I do not claim to be the author of the casting for NBC's "Three-Star Extra,'' aspire. bill. It is patterned after similar bills the "newspaper of the air." that have been introduced in the past. Ray Henle, editor in chief of this dis­ PROPOSED INVESTIGATION OF But I do know that boxing, once a na­ tinguished news program, will continue PROFESSIONAL BOXING tional sport, has now become a national his service to the public on various con­ disgrace. It is time that the U.S. Gov­ sulting assignments, and spend some Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask ernment step into this situation to put time each year in Naples, Fla., as a con­ unanimous consent to address the House a stop to what I consider to be a fraud stituent of mine. We in Florida look for 1 minute and to revise and extend my perpetrated on the American people. forward to Ray and his lovely wife Ma­ remarks. The bill calls for the appointment of a rion becoming Floridians. The SPEAKER. Is there objection Boxing Commissioner. Frankly, I think The Congress and leaders in other to the request of the gentleman from one of two men with very little assistance branches .of Government, along with his Illinois? and without establi.shing a large bureauc­ many listeners throughout America, will There was no objection. racy could bring order out of chaos in certainly miss this superb program of Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I have the boxing world. I am sure that either news coverage. today introduced a resolution calling Jack Dempsey or Gene Tunney would be "Three-Star Extra" enjoys the reputa­ for an investigation of all aspects of willing to serve as Boxing Commissioner, tion of having the longest continuous professional boxing by the House Judi­ at least long enough to restore this sport sponsorship in radio history. Organized ciary Committee. to the prestige it once enjoyed. I am by Ray Henle, it has been on the air for I believe that a full review is necessary confident that the American people will 18 years. Unique in format, its report­ to "save boxing from itself." The not pay to see any more closed circuit ing staff has contributed to "Three-Star square circle has now become a stage, television boxing matches, the likes of Extra" broadcasts exclusively, and thus and boxing fights face the ignominious which we have watched recently. I am has the show established an enviable role of becoming exhibitions rather than also confident that the art of self-de­ record. contests. fense with the use of one's hands has Ray Henle and "Three-Star Extra" I suggest that the former heavyweight now reached a new low in the minds of have contributed greatly to the Ameri­ champs, Jack Dempsey, Gene Tunney, the people because of the manner in can· press and the public. Among the Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, publishers of which these so-called championship many awards which the program has ring and boxing magazines, some of the matches have been fought-if one can received are the Du Pont Award and five promoters and managers who have pro­ use the expression "fought." Freedoms Foundation's George Washing­ tested the operation of bigtime boxing, I hope the appropriate committees of ton Medals of Honor. veteran boxing writers and some State the Congress will take action on this I am sure other Members of Congress boxing oilicials be brought before the matter before this once great manly and Government officials will join me committee. sport becomes extinct. in wishing Ray Henle and the staff of I am reluctant to impose Federal con­ I am introducing this· bill which ordi­ "Three-Star Extra" every good wish for trols on boxing. But it is apparent that narily would go to the Judiciary Commit­ continued success. boxing cannot, or is unwilling to exert tee, I assume. But I am going to draft Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the the effort, to police itself. Let us face one that will go to the Committee on gentleman yield? it-this is a big industry, and it has just Interstate and Foreign Commerce. If Mr. ROGERS of Florida: I yield to perpetrated what many believe is.one of these two bodies do not act-although the gentleman. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~HOUSE 11975 Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, I should Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, will ton blanks to crude forms suitable for like to join the gentleman from Florida the gentleman yield? manufacture into buttons. I have asked in paying tribute to Ray Henle and Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I am glad unanimous consent to have the bill in­ "Three-Star Extra" which is leaving to yield to the gentleman from Kansas. serted in full at the end of my remarks. NBC's broadcasting network. This has Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I ap­ Mr. Speaker, the objective of my bill been one of the outstanding news pro­ preciate the gentleman yielding to me is the closing of a loophole in the tariff grams in the United States. As I say, and I wish to associate myself with the schedules of the United States-TSUS­ I join the gentleman in paying tribute remarks of the gentleman from Florida by which buttons of acrylic or polyester to· this outstanding program and the fine and the remarks of my other colleagues resin, fully finished except for the holes, staff that has run this program for so who have paid tribute to Ray Henle and avoid the duty on finished or unfinished many years. to "Three-Star Extra." buttons under tariff schedule item 745.32 Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the · Mr. Speaker, everyone has mentioned and are admitted at the far lower rate gentleman. the staff of "Three-Star Extra," but I of duty for button blanks under tariff Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, want to express special appreciation to schedule item 745.40. will the gentleman yield? my good friend Bill Cardin who has con­ The process of making buttons starts Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I yield to tributed substantially and materially to with the use of blanks. Imported blanks the distinguished minority leader. the great success of "Three-Star Extra" are subject to an average equivalent ad Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, and Ray Henle, and wish Ray and the valorem duty of 36 percent. These I should like to join the gentleman from entire staff well. blanks are then processed into buttons Florida and the gentleman from Wis­ Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I ask by being faced, polished, drilled, classi­ consin in paying tribute to Ray Henle. unanimous consent to extend my remarks fied by thickness and inspected for im­ Through his long, long years of serv­ at this point in the RECORD. perfections. Such finished buttons, when ice on "Three-Star Extra" he has epito­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection imported are subject to an average mized integrity and straightforward f ac­ to the request of the gentleman from equivalent ad valorem duty of 140 per­ tual reporting. For all his career Ray Illinois? cent. However, since 1962 there has been Henle has been in the forefront for the There was no objection? a phenomenal increase in imports of best traditions in his profession. It Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, in all my buttons, completely finished except for seems to me all of us owe a debt of grati­ years of service in the Congress I have the holes. As such they are admitted tude to him and to his fine staff who not had a finer, truer friend than Ray under the lower rate of 36 percent as have done so well for so long. I am sure Henle. Time and again, in countless blanks. The Tariff Commission has stig­ we will miss him. We certainly wish ways, he has been of assistance to me. matized this practice "a rate avoidance him the best in his new endeavors. On many occasions I have turned to him device," which is creating undue compet­ Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the for advice, and he never hesitated to ex­ itive hardship on domestic manufac­ gentleman. press his opinion, whether it was in ac­ turers. Imports of bottons without holes Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, will the cord with mine or not. And he never be­ increased from 50,000 gross in 1962 to gentleman yield? trayed a confidence. 1,800,000 gross in 1963 and to 4,320,000 Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I yield to Ray has spent his life in newspaper gross in 1964. Importers of such fin­ the gentleman from Texas. work and in radio broadcasting. He is ished blanks simply drill holes in them Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I would one of those individuals who is blessed and thereby gain a competitive price ad­ like to join the gentleman from Florida with a natural facility for getting at the vantage which domestic makers of such in his commendatory remarks about Ray facts and a unique ability to evaluate buttons cannot meet. The cost advan­ Henle, Ned Brooks, and others who have them objectively. This accounts for his tage is as follows: a U.S. producer proc­ made this program such an outstanding successful career as a writer and a broad­ cessing U.S.-made blanks can make success. caster. 1 gross of totally finished buttons for When Ray told me that he planned to 20.25 cents. By using an imported blank Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the the cost sinks 18.41 cents. However, gentleman. retire at the end of this month and ter­ to minate his "Three-Star Extra" program, by using an imported and finished blank Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the and merely drilling holes in them, the gentleman yield? he said that he felt the time had come when he should relieve himself of the cost drops to 13.88 cents. In this latter Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I yield to tension of meeting deadlines and be able instance the cost advantage amounts to the distinguished majority leader. to work more leisurely. We shall miss 31.4 percent. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I com­ his broadcasts, but I am glad he has de­ Mr. Speaker, my bill is intended to mend the gentleman for taking this time cided upon the less hectic pace he has preserve our button manufacturing in­ to pay tribute to Ray Henle and desire led for so many years and begin to en­ dustry, which constitutes a significant wholeheartedly to associate myself with joy the many things life has to offer sector of the economy of the 36th Dis­ his remarks. him. And I believe that working in a trict of New York, which I am privileged Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak­ less demanding area Ray himself will to represent in Congress. In the early er, I appreciate the remarks of the ma­ contribute even more to the dissemina­ 1940's we had 125 button and button jority leader. tion of knowledge and formulation of blank manufacturers in the United Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, will the public opinion. States. Today, we have 50. In 1964, gentleman yield? I join untold numbers in wishing Ray nine companies went out of business in Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I yield to the very best in whatever he undertakes. New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and the gentleman from Indiana. I shall always cherish his friendship. Virginia. Employment has dropped Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I, too, from 10,500 to 5,500. Unless this tariff want t.o join the gentleman in what he relief is granted by classifying these :fin­ has said about one of the great news­ HORTON AMENDMENT TO TARIFF ished blanks as buttons, subject to the papermen and one of the great radio ACT OF 1930 AFFECTING BUTTON 140 ad valorem rate, our domestic button broadcasters of our time. It so happens BLANKS industry and its employment will dis­ that Ray Henle and his wife Marion and Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask appear, leaving only hole drilling my wife Blanche and I have been very, unanimous consent to address the House operations. very close personal friends for many, for 1 minute, to revise and extend my re­ I appreciate this opportunity to em­ many years. I have gloried in" his ac­ marks, and to include extraneous matter. phasize my interest in ridding our complishments. The SPEAKER. Is there objection tariff schedules of this avoidance de­ Sorry as we are that he is leaving the to the request of the gentleman from vice and to urge my colleagues to fa­ broadcasting field, I wish for him every New York? miliarize themselves with the hardship happiness and continued success in the There was no objection? this legislation seeks to overcome. By future. Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ supporting this interpretation, Congress Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the troducing a bill today to amend the Tar­ will clearly show its intent that the new gentleman. iff Act of 1930, as amended, to limit but- statute should have the effect of making 11976 CONGRESSiONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 buttons without holes dutiable as but­ The article goes on to describe how the called to th~ Department's attention that tons at the 140 percent rate and not as Secretary had claimed that the United many of the representatives in the Inter­ blanks at the 36 percent rate. States had called meetings of the Inter­ American Organization had complained pri­ vately they had not been informed of the The text of the bill follows: American Peace Committee on April 27 administrati.on's action. H.R. 862.3 and the OAS Council on April 28 to dis­ While seemingly minor, the distinction be­ A bill to amend title I of the Tariff Act of cuss the Dominican situation. While tween Latin American Ambassadors and Or­ 1930 to limit button blanks to raw or both of these meetings did occur before ganization of American States representa­ crude blanks suitable for manufacture the landing of U.S. forces, we do not be­ tives has assumed troublesome proportions into buttons lieve that the United States gave any to the administration. Many of the Latin Be it enacted by the Senate and House of indication at either session that it was American countries are represented in the Representatives of the United States of about to land troops. Furthermore, as Inter-American Organization by someone America in Congress assembled., That head­ other than their Ambassador to the United note 2 of subpart A of part 7 of schedule 7 Finney writes, despite what Secretary States. The administration's failure to no­ of title I of the Tariff Act of 1930 (Tariff Rusk has said, neither meeting was tify the OAS representatives, apparently Schedules of the United States, 28 F.R., part called by the United States. through lack of coordination and oversight, II, page 379, August 17, 1963) is amended to I can only wonder whether the admin­ explains much of the criticism of the U.S. read as follows: istration's efforts to deny any breach of actions within the Organization. "2. For the purposes of this subpart-­ responsible diplomatic practice in the EFFORTS TO INVOLVE OAS "(a) the term 'line' in the rates of duty failure to notify the OAS of U.S. inter­ Asked why the United States had not con­ columns (items 745.20, 745.22, and 745.32) vention before the fact may not com­ sulted or informed the Inter-American Orga­ means the line button measure of one­ pound the error. nization before sending in troops, Mr. Rusk f ortieth of one inch. gave a lengthy reply. On April 27, he noted, "(b) the term 'button blanks' (item Mr. Finney's story is reprinted at this point in the RECORD. "we did call together the Peace Committee 745.40) is limited to raw or crude blanks of the OAS, for a discussion of the situation suitable for manufacture into buttons." RUSK DEFENDS UNITED STATES ON STEPS IN in the Dominican Republic." The following SEC. 2. The amendment made by the first ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES-HIS day, he said, the United States asked for a section of this Act shall apply with respect REPORT OF CRISIS ACTION Is AT VARIANCE meeting of the Organization's Council "for a to articles entered, or withdrawn from ware­ WITH MINUTES futher discussion." house, for consumption, after the ninetieth (By John W. Finney) Later that day, after the Marine landings, day after the date of the enactment of this WASHINGTON, May 26.-Secretary of State the United States asked for an emergency Act. Dean Rusk, in the face of diplomatic and meeting of the Council, which was held political criticism, defended the administra­ April 29. In retrospect, Mr. Rusk said, "it tion today against charges that it had by­ might have looked better" if the United RUSK DEFENDS UNITED STATES ON passed the Organization of American States States had insisted upon a meeting the eve­ STEPS IN OAS in the Dominican crisis. ning of April 28-a point also made privately In making his defense, the Secretary cited by many of the Organization's diplomats. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ a chronology of U.S. dealings with the OAS Mr. Rusk's account of the sequence of imous consent that the gentleman from that was at variance with. the official record events was at some variance with official Kansas [Mr. ELLSWORTH] may extend his of the inter-American organization. He also minutes of the Organization of American remarks at this point in the RECORD and took the unusual step of amending the States. These minutes' show that the initia­ include extraneous matter. transcript of his news conference to correct tive to involve the Organization in the Do­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection an overstatement about the degree of U.S. minican situation, both before and after the cooperation with the Organization. marine landings, did not come primarily from to the request of the gentleman from the United States. Missouri? The administration has come under con­ siderable diplomatic criticism for sending According to the minutes, for example, the There was no objection? . Marines into the Dominican Republic on the April 27 meeting of the Inter-American Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, yes­ evening of April 28 without having consulted Peace Committee was called at the request of terday the gentleman from Massachu­ or informed the OAS. Domestic political the Chairman, Alfredo Vazquez Carrizosa, of setts [Mr. MoRsEl, on behalf of the criticism was added today to the diplomatic Colombia, and was limited largely to a report gentleman from New York [Mr. HORTON], complaints. by the Dominican representative. State De­ Five Republican Congressmen led by Rep­ partment officials said, however, that the the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. United States had privately urged the Chair­ MATHIAS], the gentleman from New York resentative F. BRADFORD MORSE, of Massa­ chusetts, charged in a statement that the man to call the meeting and that some sup­ [Mr. REID], and me, read into the RECORD administration had severely jeopardized the plementary information had been supplied a statement on the "Dominican Crisis future of collective security in the Western by the American representatives. and the Inter-American System." Hemisphere by its actions in the Dominican Contrary to the suggestion of Mr. Rusk, That statement included our view that crisis. the April 28 meeting of the Organization's "the failure to inform the OAS of U.S. One of the specific Republican complaints Council was not called at the request of the ·was that the administration, in an "insensi­ United States to discuss the Dominican situ­ intervention before it was underway was ation. The meeting had already been sched­ an insensitive oversight." We suggested tive oversight,'' had failed to inform the uled to discuss routine OAS matters, and the that while OAS agreement before the Organization of American States of the U.S. military intervention before it was under­ discussion of the Dominican situation was landing of U.S. forces would not have way. _limited to a further report by the Dominican been practical in view of the shortness WASHINGTON'S REBUTI'AL representative. of time, the Organization could at least The administration has maintained that have been told that the landing was the situation in the Dominican Republic was ARMENIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY going to be undertaken. The gentleman deteriorating too quickly to permit consulta­ from Massachusetts [Mr. MORSE] and I tion with the Organization. This point was Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ had personally given the full text of our made today by Mr. Rusk, who said it was imous consent that the gentleman from statement to top State Department offi­ "one of those situations where. events them­ Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] may extend his cials 24 hours before delivery on the floor. selves made it necessary that some action be remarks at this point in the RECORD and taken before the formal machinery could ·include extraneous matter. This morning's New York Times car­ be convoked and could act upon it on a ries a story by John Finney about yes­ multilateral basis." The SPEAKER. Is there objection terday's press conference by Secretary . But star.ting with the President's state­ to the request of the gentleman from Rusk. Finney reports that Rusk said ment of April 28 announcing the dispatch of Missouri? · that the administration had begun to the troops, the administration has also There was no objection? call OAS ambassadors to inform them of sought to give the impression that OAS Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, to­ U.S. intervention immediately after the . members were kept fully informed. ·morrow, May 28, marks the 47th anniver­ decision was made. But, Finney reports, Today, for example, Mr. Rusk said that sary of the Proclamation of independence immediately after the White House decision by the Armenian people from Soviet and when the official transcript of the :Pres·s in the evening of April 28 to intervene, the conference was released the words_"OAS State Department began calling "OAS am­ ·Turkish domination. On May 28, 1918, ambassadors" had been changed to read bassadors" to inform them of the action. the Armenians united their forces in an "Latin American ambassadors," many of In the transcript finally issued by the attempt to maintain a free Armenia. whom do not · represent their govern­ State Department, this was amended to ·How.ever, they were prevented from ments before the OAS. "Latin American Ambassadors," after it was achieving this goal by the fortunes of May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11977 war, the indifference of World War I Prove Worth" which appeared in the ida [Mr. FuQUA] is recognized for 30 allied powers, and their statesmen. Illinois State Journal, Springfield, Ill., minutes. The nationwide commemoration of the l~t Monday, May 24: Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, no nation genocide perPetrated by the Ottoman DESPITE COMPUTERS, BOMBERS PROVE WORTH in the history of the world has spent Turks against the 'Armenian people 50 An unfortunate and tragic accident in more of its resources in the quest for years ago was also the subject of House South Vietnam resulted in the loss of Ameri­ peace and no nation in the world has debate recently. can lives and the destruction of 40 U.S. air­ suffered indignities and humiliation with It is important to note the vigorous craft including 10 B-57 bombers. more compassion and understanding support which Americans of Armenian Ordinarily the loss of 10 aircraft from than has the United States. extraction have been giving to the crea­ the defense arsenal would be a cause for con­ cern, but not a cause for alarm. This is un­ We seek not world domination; we tion of a special House Committee on the der ordinary circumstances when profession­ seek neither to conquer nor possess our Captive Nations. They have recognized al military men and Congress make the de­ neighbors nor any additional parcel of the practical contribution which such a fense hardware decisions. land on the face of the globe. committee would make to exposing Soviet Today, when the computers veto Congress Today, in a sense, we are engaged in colonialism over Armenia and the neigh­ and the military professionals, the loss of 10 armed conflict on two sides of the earth: boring countries under Soviet domina­ types of a particular aircraft is extremely South Vietnam and the Dominican Re­ tion. serious. Congress, following professional military public. This Nation that seeks world I join in saluting the brave Armenian advice, insists the manned bomber is a vital peace, this Nation that gives freely of its people on this anniversary of their inde­ element in a balanced national defense force. substance to raise the living standards pendence and encourage them to main­ It has backed its opinions with appropria­ of all human beings, this Nation that be­ tain their faith and hope in the legiti­ tions for development of new manned bomb­ lieves in the inherent rights of the in­ mate restoration of independence and ers. dividual man and individual nations, freedom to Armenia. The Defense Department refuses to provide finds itself denounced because it dares to Mr. Speaker, Armenian-Americans the bombers. stand up for freedom and for peace. have made tremendous contributions to The transistors and tubes of the electronic banks in the Defense Department insist in­ This is not the world of 100 years ago; our national political, economic, educa­ stead that missiles are replacing the manned it is not even the world of a decade ago. tional, and artistic successes. As loyal bomber. Their human spokesman is Secre­ Scientific advances so startling that they Americans they have maintained a very tary of Defense Robert McNamara, who arbi­ would have stunned the imagination only proper and steadfast interest in the res­ trarily follows the robots' commands. 25 years ago today are accepted matter toration of freedom to the brave Arme­ Isn't it strange that the computers always of factly. nian people still held in bondage. On reflect the judgment of the Secretary of De­ Remember, if you will, the period only this anniversary of Armenian independ­ fense? 10 years ago when talk of placing a man ence, let us rededicate ourselves to the Despite the computers' statistics, ground­ to-ground missiles with the payload of a on the moon and travel throughout the cause of Armenia and all other peoples ·single bomber have not been used to date in universe would have been considered al­ who are still deprived of the right of the Vietnam conflict. most lunacy. Today it is not a question self-determination. On the other hand, the bombers have been of whether man will go to the moon, only flying missions almost daily with proved re­ when. sults. At the time of their destruction the Advances in medicine, in technology, DESPITE COMPUTERS BOMBERS B-57's were being readied for service. Military men know the value of manned and all phases of science have brought PROVE WORTH bombers with intelligent humans at the con­ the dawn of a day when we shall wipe trols to exercise judgment. As Lt. Gen. Ira out diseases and sickness that strike Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ C. Baker, an illustrious name in military down millions. We have the technologi­ imous consent that the gentleman from aviation and a columnist for Copley News cal know-how to solve the age-old prob­ Illinois [Mr. ARENDS] may extend his re­ Service, said: lem of the world, how to feed people. marks at this point in the RECORD and "The final irrevocable answer to bomber Scientific application of agricultural include extraneous matter. effectiveness came in the Pacific (during principles and mechanization such as are The SPEAKER. Is there objection World War II), when Japan surrendered be­ practiced in the United States, would tc the request of the gentleman from fore any hostile soldier set foot on her soil." The opinion is unanimous among the men certainly lead to a day when hunger Missouri? throughout the length and breadth of There was no objection? who have studied the problem, including such professionals as Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, the globe would be banished. Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, time and retired Air Force Chief of Staff; Gen. Thomas Yet in spite of these advances, we see again over the past several years our S. Power, retired Strategic Air Command man on the brink of another war. To­ Committee on Armed Services has taken Chief; Senator RICHARD B. RUSSELL, chairman day the decisions are not quite so easy to exception to Defense Secretary Mc­ of the Senate Armed Services Committee. Namara's overemphasis of missiles in lieu and Representative L. MENDEL RIVERS, chair­ make. The nuclear power of the nations of manned bombers. We have repeatedly man of the House Armed Services Commit­ of the world can literally wipe out all pointed out that to have a balanced na­ tee. human existence. tional defense, capable of dealing effec­ These are men of experience whose opinion It is this type of world in which Lyn­ should carry more weight in defense matters don B. Johnson must lead. When we tively with any emergency-a little war, than all the computers in the Defense De­ a big war, a brush war, a guerrilla war­ consider the record of service which he partment. They are aware that defense re­ has made in the cause of world peace, it whenever and wherever it may arise, it quirements are more than a consideration of is essential that we nave bombers in our money alone. Overall capability, human fac­ is heartrending to see a segment of the arsenal and replacement bombers in pro­ tors and the nature of the war also have a population denounce so unreasonably duction. bearing. the course of action he has embarked Such a program we do not have. This The computers are not to be blamed. They upon in carrying out the commitments is not the fault of some of our profes­ do not make independent assessments, but we have to world peace; for, my col­ collate the figures spoon-fed to them. leagues, this is the only course of action sional military leaders~ such as retired The blame for the serious national de­ open to us, if we are ever to see a world Air Force Chief of Staff LeMay, who have fense problem caused by the accidental loss at peace. called attention to this need and defi­ of the 10 bombers in South Vietnam rests ciency in our defense planning. Nor is it squarely on the Defense Department. It is We seek not to dominate South Viet­ entirely the fault of the Congress. Secre­ urgent that Congress overrule the computers nam nor to subjugate its people. We seek tary McNamara has refused to follow the once and for all and assume its constitu­ not to impase colonialism upan the advice of the military professionals and tional obligation to raise and support armies. Dominican Republic. But, we do seek abide by the wishes of the Congress. self-determination for the peoples of the What has been taking place in South world, and sometimes it becomes neces­ Vietnam points up the importance of and PRESIDENT NEEDS AND DESERVES sary for a nation that seeks only peace to need for bombers. In this connection I SUPPORT OF ALL AMERICANS use arms to attain· that goal. call attention to the following editorial The SPEAKER. Under previous order It was President Theodore Roosevelt entitled "Despite Computers, Bombers of the House, the gentleman from Flor- who espoused a policy of walking softly 11978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE . May 27, 1965 but carrying a big stick. It is my consid­ The President is criticized bitterly, even The answer is obvious-it only made ered judgment that Lyndon B. Johnson's by certain Members of the Congress, for them bolder, more sure of their course, philosophy is that of seeking every hon­ the armed intervention of the United and thousands of brave American young orable means for a just and lasting peace States. They cannot point, however, to a men lie buried over the four corners of but with a willingness to fight to protect single foot of territory in another coun­ the globe for that folly. freedom and the cause of peace when no try in this hemisphere which we have I have read that American attacks in other course is open. annexed. How can they ignore the vio­ South Vietnam may be carried even As I told the people in my district on lence, murder, pillage, and loss of free­ deeper in Communist territory if Red my television report last week, I support dom which has followed every Commu­ China throws more forces into the war. without reservation the decisions of the nist takeover? I suggest this as our course of action, President in his actions to preserve world Did they not learn anything from for the United States has determined to peace. Hungary? stand up to this aggression as never be­ In making these statements, I am not The people of the United States have fore. We have tried every other means. unmindful of the toll of human life, of made many, many sacrifices and even I would point out that President John­ the sacrifice made by the more than 400 fought a major war a half century ago to son has proven himself to be a man of brave American young men who have liberate Cuba from oppression by a Euro­ the hour. He is determined that the given that last full measure of devotion pean power. Wherever we have occu­ commitments of the United States are in South Vietnam. I know full well that pied a country to protect American lives not hollow promises. He knows full well these sacrifices are understood better by and/or to save the people of that land if the Communists win in South Viet­ no one than they are by President John­ from ever greater danger, the end result nam, then Communists will fight similar son. has always been that we have withdrawn actions in Thailand, the Philippines, in Each loss of life for a man who has when peaceful conditions have been the Congo, in Venezuela-step by step. dedicated so much of his life seeking achieved. Sooner or later such Communist tactics world peace, economic progress, and But has this been the case in Hungary? must be met by force. freedom is a heavY burden to bear. No. The hopeless fight for freedom by We have warned and we have pleaded. Sometimes there are those who must the Hungarian people was ruthlessly We have negotiated in good faith. We die in order that others might live. crushed. Russian tanks and troops bat­ have spent billions-not for subversion, From Valley Forge to the Argonne, from tled freedom-loving Hungarians, who but for economic progress and freedom Iwo Jima to Saigon, the thousands of fought with bottles and bricks to have for impoverished lands throughout the crosses marking the graves of American the right to self-determination, and who globe. servicemen bear mute testimony that were crushed into submission by the It is idiotic to consider the Vietnamese others were willing to give their lives that Russians for their effort. situation civil war. It is calculated ag­ we might live in peace and freedom. Their blood serves as a living example gression, directed by Hanoi and Peiping, And as much as it hurts, this is the of the true intent of the Communist con­ to take over another nation by murder world in which we live in the sixties. spiracy. From this we should have and ruin, and we have determined that The situation may well worsen before learned a lesson. here they shall stop; they shall go no it gets better. I expect that it will. President Johnson had a difficult de-. further. The plague of communism seeks to in­ cision to make. He knew that the Domi­ It is a fearful decision that the Presi­ filtrate into every area of the world. nican Republic concerned not just that dent has had to make. He has far more Subversion, deceit, lies, barbaric disre­ tiny island nation, but the future of all knowledge of the dangers we face in gard for human life and dignity are the nations in the Caribbean. these hours than any of us. calling card of these men who hold hu­ Turning to the other side of the globe, He has made it known that we will m.an life so cheaply. Their leaders seek the American effort in South Vietnam honor our commitments, that we will use not peace, but power. They follow a has been stepped up. While many of our force if necessary to prevent the estab­ godless doctrine that has as its an­ allies, who should know the folly of ap­ lishment of another Communist regime nounced purpose, economic progress for peasement, sit idly by, critical and in­ in this hemisphere. all, but actually masks a power-mad sulting, we fight on to honor our The latter is the 20th century version drive to enslave in dictatorship all of pledges. of the Monroe Doctrine, much more dif­ mankind. We have negotiated in good faith in ficult and dangerous to fulfill than was We have sought to negotiate with every opportunity we have been given. ever visualized in the original version. these power-mad despots, only to find The President has stated time and again, In this Nation, a number of circum­ that their solemn word was no more than with particular emphasis on Vietnam, stances have brought an unrest to col­ a lie. In Communist Cuba today they that he would go anywhere at anytime lege campuses which are a tragedy in a have a continual and effective program to discuss peace without preconditions sense. While doubtless Communist in­ of training subversives who seek to in­ if there were any sign of good faith on fluence, plus the unreasoning bearded filtrate all of South America, to turn the part of the Communists. He has beatniks and excitement-happy minority that poverty-stricken area of the world drawn nothing but abuse from the Reds have caused a grea.t deal of comment in into another Communist satellite. for his offer to negotiate and for a billion the press media, it does not take into The unstable situation in the Domini­ dollar contribution to a peaceful develop­ account many thousands of youngsters can Republic gave rise to a revolution, ment of southeast Asia. And to my who realize the problems of their day. which had as its announced purpose free sorrow, he has also drawn unjust abuse I suggest that we have always had a elections and democracy. In short order from many in this land, including na­ minority of this type. If this were the the trained masters of deceit, Commu­ tional leaders, for his stand. days immediately preceding World War nist agents, gained control of the fight­ College students stage a huge march II, they would be pleading that we leave ing, and it appeared as if they would be on Washington. The White House is Hitler alone while he raped England, for successful in overthrowing yet another picketed. The President is vilified not what we needed. to do was to negotiate. land. only by our sworn and deadly enemies, In some instances we have called this Many have been saying since the Com­ but by many of his own people, who "isolation." My own term would be munists were allowed to take over Cuba, should know better. "idiocy." that the Monroe Doctrine was dead after Have we learned nothing from his­ The pattern on the college campuses is 141 years. The determined and forceful tory? As George Santayana once wrote: approximately the same. A minority action of Lyndon B. Johnson revived our Those who cannot remember the past are element on the faculty has stirred a belief in this doctrine pronounced so ably condemned to repeat it. minority element of the student body to many years ago and served notice of our To appease aggression is to pour gaso­ oppose our determined policy. I have new and determined attitude. line on a burning fire. Did we not see been informed that, as far as can be For the President then to be roundly appeasement and the sacrifice of thou­ learned, a heavY majority of the stu­ denounced and criticized by certain ele­ sands upon thousands to the Nazis end in dents and faculty in every place are ments of our society is a strange paradox World War II? Did appeasement halt either behind the Government or uncon- indeed. their aggression? cerned by the issue. · May ~7, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11979 In these heavy decisions which the aggression, history teaches time and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there President has had to make, I very quickly again without pause. that you only en­ objection to the request of the gentleman voiced my support for his course~ My courage further aggression. from New York? own acts have been criticized by some of The Members of this Congress, regard­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, reserving my own people who do not understand less of party or region, need to support the right to object-and I believe I shall that appeasement would only bring more the President in this difficult hour. The not object-will the gentleman from New aggression. decisions which he must make in this York tell me if this involves a change in Be that as it may, I want to make my hour, and in this time, are as difficult as the schedule, as just announced by the own position crystal clear. I say that any that Washington, Lincoln, Wilson, majority leader, for next week? this Nation must not bow to aggression, Roosevelt, Truman, or Kennedy ever had Mr. SCHEUER. Absolutely not, to my that this Nation must honor its commit­ to face. knowledge. The delay was caused by ments, ,that the time has passed when The man and the hour have met. On me personally, because of my lateness in we can huff and puff about our military the shoulders of this one man rests the filing a supplementary statement of might while our :flag is trampled in the future of the world. His decisions not views. I know of no other reason for dirt, our embassies bombed, our people only affect the Nation he serves today, the late filing of the majority report. murdered. but the course of mankind. Mr. HALL. I am sure the gentleman We have gone an extra mile, the extra I believe he has chosen the right path. understands that this is most unusual, 2 miles. In fact, we have taken the 50- This con:tlict was inevitable. It is far after special orders have started. I mile hike in the search for peace. The better that we make our stand today merely wished to clear that up. Do I only course which honorable men can than that time in the future, and it correctly understand that there will be take is that which is being bravely and might not have been far off, when it additional views or supplementary views resolutely followed by President Johnson. would have been in South America, not to the report on the Economic Oppor­ A search of the records proves time to mention all of the other parts of the tunity Act? and again this is a man who loves peace, globe where this would more than likely Mr. SCHEUER. Yes. not as a political gimmick, but with a have come about. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I only wish deep and abiding conviction and desire I do not know how history will rank to identify this for the RECORD. I with­ for peace for all mankind. Here is a Lyndon B. Johnson. We are too close on draw my reservation. man who would gladly have his name the moment to know the full consequen­ The SPEAIQ::R pro tempore. Is there placed in a tiny corner of the history ces of that which we do. But I believe objection to the request of the gentle­ books as one who helped to bring about that vie have seen a turning point in man from New York? lasting peace, than to have chapters history. There was no objection. written about his having led a nation to The Communists can appreciate force. victory in a great war. The Communists will learn that this Na­ President Johnson and I may disagree tion means what it says; and I say ITEM VETO LEGISLATION on some issues, just as he disagreed with categorically that we should never make The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under other Presidents in his long and distin­ a statement, never sign a treaty, never a previous order of the House, the gen­ guished service in the Congress. But on make a commitment, that we do not in­ tleman from New York [Mr. HALPERN] the course of action he follows today in tend to honor. is recognized for 10 minutes. meeting aggression with the only thing I am not a warmonger. To the con­ Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, last the Communists understand, armed trary, I want peace as devoutly as any week I introduced House Joint Resolu­ might, he has whatever support I can man that has the privilege to serve in tion 477 which is designed to amend the render him. this Congress. But as one who wants Constitution to give the President au­ I seek not global con:tlict. I have two peace, but not at any oost, the proper thority to veto individual items in ap­ small children myself. I want my chil­ course for this Nation to follow is the propriation bills. I urge my colleagues dren to grow up in a world of peace. I one which Lyndon B. Johnson has to support this measure because I firmly do not want my son, John, to have to charted. It is a dangerous course, the believe that its adoption would put an fight and die in some foreign land any­ path will not be easy, and too many lives end to a lot of unnecessary spending and more than the brave mothers and will be snuffed out in the bloom of youth could mean a saving of hundreds of mil­ fathers who have given their sons in the in this struggle. lions a year to the taxpayer. present struggle. But to the line of names of Nathan As we know only too well, the present In my lifetime I have seen friends and Hale, Alvin York, and Colin P. Kelly will system is one of the most ridiculous prac­ relatives march off to three conflicts, be added other Americans who knew the tices in government. The President, in many never to return. My heart is challenge which history placed before acting on appropriation bills passed by heavy in their loss, and in the realization them, and they were willing to meet that Congress, must take all or nothing-the that others must follow. challenge. bad with the good. This means that he But I know full well that the vast ma­ Mr. President, I suppart you in your must accept a lot of unnecessary "pork jority of the young men of America today determination that the world shall some­ barrel" projects in order to approve other will give that last full measure of devo­ day know peace. Your detractors in this projects that are vital to our national tion with the same spirit that this Nation regard could learn a lesson from history, development, economy, and security. has had since Valley Forge. but they have had able predecessors that Former President Eisenhower and the To the President, I would remind him history disdains. late President Kennedy strongly recom­ that the greatest man of peace who ever History has a special contempt for mended changing this reprehensible lived, our Lord Jesus Christ, had to re­ those who seek to hide their heads in the practice. They had complained that sort to force to throw the moneychangers sand when the great challenges of the their hands had been tied and that they out of the temple. And that he was be­ time require courage and sacrifice. You had been powerless to eliminate obvious­ trayed by those who should have un­ are meeting this challenge; your actions ly unsound programs without destroying derstood him best, and he was crucified. have been forthright in carrying out the many vitally needed projects. No great man in history has been able pledges which we have made. I introduced similar legislation in the to escape unreasoning and blind vilifi­ History will not regard you lightly. 88th Congress in an effort to secure this cation and opposition. No matter how constitutional amendment, and I now much we progress in so many areas, urge the House Judiciary Committee to there seems that there will always be hold hearings on this resolution as soon those who cannot or will not understand COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND as possible, so that we can have full con­ the lessons of history. When you ap­ LABOR gressional action on it during the 89th pea.se the bully in high school, he only Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Congress. Unless this action is forth­ becomes more demanding and belliger­ unanimous consent that the Committee coming, the Congress must assume full ent. When you appease the criminal, his on Education and Labor may have until responsibility for the continuance of the acts of violence only become more pro­ midnight tonight to file a report on the present procedure because of its failure nounced. And when you appease naked Economic Opportunity Act of 1965. to act heretofore on the problem. CXI--757 11980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 I know that I am not the first critic Mr. Speaker, I do not recall ever before heroic and bold leadership of President of this "all or nothing" system which seeing a statement by a responsible om­ Johnson, who in my Judgment will go governs our appropriation legislation. cial that is more untrue and deceptive down in history as one of the greatest The history of opposition dates back to than the statement made by the Polish leaders this world has ever seen, I think · the 19th century, when President Arthur Minister of Defense. Indeed, it is rather we have a right to expect and believe that roundly denounced the abuses inherent ironic that this accusation· against the the enslaved and chained people, en­ in requiring a President to accept or re­ President of the United States should be slaved and chained by the Communist ject an appropriation bill in its entirety. made at an election rally at Poznan, conspiracy for more than 20 years, are In 1882, President Arthur explained the Poland, when the whole world knows going to join the family of free nations problem by relating: the viciousness with which the Commu­ at last. As citizens of one State find that money, nists in Poland crushed, in the very city Mr. Speaker, I could not let this to raise which they in common with the of Poznan, the efforts of the Polish peo­ arrogant attack upon our President go whole country are taxed, is to be expended ple to liberate themselves from Commu­ without mention here. We are going to for local improvements in another State, nist rule. Why, the whole world knows see a great many more similar attacks they demand similar benefits for themselves. what a mockery the Defense Minister of by the Communists against our Presi­ Well, that problem is still with us to­ Poland is making of truth when he even dent. Yes indeed, his policies are paying day, and I say that it is time we resolved suggests that there is any semblance of off. We are going to see the revival and it, once and for all. free elections under the Communist survival of freedom. We are going to This bargaining and bickering on ap­ domination of this gallant nation of see an expansion of freedom. The whole propriation bills can reach the ridicu­ Poland. world is waiting for that today, I believe. lous. As a hypothetical Congressman Fortunately, the Polish people see If we were to go into Poland today and Tubbs said to Congressman Nubbs, "If through this hypocrisy of their Com­ ask the 35 million people there what they you don't vote for digging out Catfish munist oppressors. I am delighted to think, if they had a choice between Creek, I'll oppose your item on flood say that, to my personal knowledge, if President Johnson and this Communist control for the Mississippi River." And, the 35 million people of Poland, who will puppet, Marshal Spychalski, there is not so that the lives and property of thou­ never be Communists, indeed had the the slightest doubt in my mind that the sands of people may be safeguarded, opportunity to participate in a free elec­ overwhelming majority of the Polish Catfish Creek must be dug out, and the tion in Poland, there would not be a people would side with President John­ bill goes through with all its "pork" to Marshal Marian Spychalski as Defense son. be put before the President. Well, this Minister of Poland and there would not The SPEAKER. The time of the is patently wrong, and I believe the Pres­ be a Gomulka as Premier of Poland. gentleman has expired. ident must be given the authority to ex­ The Polish people have a history going Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask ercise some selectivity in passing on back 1,000 years demonstrating their re­ unanimous consent to proceed for 2 ad­ appropriation matters. spect for freedom and dignity. Many ditional minutes. I am convinced that the item-veto bill pages of history have been written about The SPEAKER. Is there objection will save the taxpayers hundreds of mil­ their exploits going back to the begin­ to the request of the gentleman from lions of dollars annually and will elimi­ ning of time and running up through Illinois? nate a lot of this ridiculous give-and-take World War II and even to today, when There was no objection? technique of voting appropriation bills. the Polish people, after 20 years of illegal Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, will the I am sure that most of my colleagues Communist rule, are still standing up gentleman yield? agree with me on this matter, and I heroically against Communist oppres­ Mr. PUCINSKI. I am very happy to sincerely hope that I can count on their sion. Poland's Defense Minister says yield to the gentleman. bipartisan support for this important President Johnson cheated the American Mr. KREBS. I am very happy for this voters with his policies in Vietnam. We opportunity to commend the gentleman measure. are not surprised that Communist lead­ from Illinois for his excellent and timely ers throughout the whole world are at­ remarks. I also would be pleased for COMMUNIST ATTACKS ON PRESI­ tacking President Johnson today. This the RECORD to show my association with the statement made by him. DENT JOHNSON ARE TO BE EX­ is because for the first time in 20 years the tide is starting to turn against them Mr. PUCINSKI. I thank the gentle­ PECTED BECAUSE ms POLICIES and we see the hope of victory in Viet­ man for his contribution. ARE PAYING OFF FOR THE CAUSE nam. Yes; we stopped the Communist OF FREEDOM conspiracy in the Dominican Republic. DR. JAMES W. TURPIN AND The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under I am not surprised that this Communist a previous order of the House, the gentle­ marshal is denouncing our great Pres­ PROJECT CONCERN man from Illinois [Mr. PucINSKI] is rec­ ident, because our great President has Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ognized for 5 minutes. shown the world, that the American peo­ unanimous consent to address the House Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the ple, both Democrats and Republicans, for 10 minutes, to revise and extend wire services are ca1Tying a story out of stand firmly behind him. We stand my remarks, and to include extraneous Warsaw, Poland, which quotes the Polish firmly behind Mr. Johnson in his de­ matter. Minister of Defense, Marshal Marian termination that the retreat from com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Spychalski, as follows: munism has come to an end. There is to the request of the gentleman from Poland's Minister of Defense, Marshal a new order in this world today, a new Indiana? Marian Spychalski, suggested at an election order of hope. The Polish Defense Min­ There was no objection? rally last night that President Johnson wil­ ister knows that better than anyone else. Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, a few fully cheated American voters with his Yes; the stirrings of freedom are being days ago, my distinguished colleague policies in Vietnam and the Dominican Re­ detected among millions of people; 180 from California, Congressman ROBERT public. million oppressed people behind the Iron WILSON, and I were privileged to host a He also said U.S. military strategy was Curtain, oppressed by the Communists based on exploiting the Moscow-Peiping split luncheon in honor of a remarkable in these heroic captive nations, are be­ young American, Dr. James W. Turpin, but was actually having the reverse effect. ginning to feel it. So we can easily Both Johnson and British Prime Minister the founder of Project Concern. Harold Wilson are helping to prove that understand why Marshal Spychalski I take this time today to tell Members voters in the West have no real choice, Spy­ would today be denouncing President of the House of Representatives about chalski declared in a Poznan speech quoted Johnson. ·It is because he sees the Dr. Turpin and Project Concern because by the Polish press agency. handwriting on the wall and sees that I think it is a story worth telling and "Events of the past few months prove once the spirit of freedom is becoming infec­ one which must inspire us all. more that a citizen in a capitalist country tious. has no possibility to choose the policy more Project Concern is a nonprofit medical or less agreeable to him," Spychalski said. The bold and daring policies of Presi­ aid group without religious and political "Really, what choice did the citizens of the dent Johnson are finally starting to pay afii.liations, which operates hospitals and United States make in electing Lyndon John­ off all over the world. I think we can clinics, under the direction of Dr. Tur­ son as President?" look forward to the day when under the pin, in South Vietnam and Hong Kong. May 27, 1965 'CONGRESSIONAt RECORD - HOUSE 11981

More than ~O nationalities are· repre­ b~r over 50 per month and outpatients Dr. Turpin captivated an audience of 200 over· 700 per month. In addition, a vil­ as he spoke in the new dining hall on the sented on the Project Concern staff of college campus. He is on a $250,000 fund 100 people, many of them serving on a lage medical officer-VMO-program has drive for Project Concern, which he a.nd his volunteer basis, been established. This cooperative pro­ wife, Martha, founded 3 Y:z years ago. The Both Congressman WILSON and I gram between Project Concern and the project is active in South Vietnam and Hong know Jim Turpin pe~sonally, have great ·Government of South Vietnam trains Kong. The doctor spoke at noon, Wednes­ admiration for him and his work, and local young men and women in the fun­ day, to the South Bend Rotary Club. His staff, which now numbers 99, originally co~nt ourselves honored to serve as damentals of medical assistance. Grad­ uates return to their villages as medical worked among Chinese refugees in Hong members of the board of directors of Kong, but has also established a one-story Project Concern. officers certified by the Government. A 25-bed hospital in the vlllage of DaMpao in Dr. Turpin, 37 years old was reared Project Concern team, with a doctor, South Vietnam, about 200 miles northeast in Ashland, Ky., where h~ family has nurse, and laboratory technician, visits of Saigon. lived for several generations. He grew each of the villages periodically, and with The former Navy doctor, who served an up in a tradition of service to man for the assistance of the village medical of­ internship at Crawford Long Hospital, At­ as a boy he followed his grandfather, ficer conducts clinic sessions with full lanta, Ga., and established residency in Santa medical services. In addition, the village Rosa, Calif., also operates thatched-roof Dr. James Wesley Duke, through the clinics for tribesmen in 25 surrounding hills of eastern Kentucky. medical officer, as well as the Project Concern personnel, are actively engaged villages. Following a period of service in the TRIBESMEN TRAINED in improving the living conditil)ns of the U.S. Navy, Jim Turpin enrolled at Em­ _The clinics are serviced by 35 young Koho ory University in Atlanta, Ga., where he villages in the region where they are lo­ tribesmen t.rained by the Turpin team, who completed his undergraduate work and cated, seeking to prevent disease and to are certified by the South Vietnam Govern­ continued his studies in the School of improve the standard of living. ment, to dispense first aid, medication for T_heology ._ While studying theology, DR. TURPIN ON TOUR IN THE UNITED STATES tuberculosis and malaria, and provide other Jun Turpm completed the requirements Dr. Turpin is now in the United States assistances. D~. Turpin fou:µd deep personal pleasure for entrance to medical school, and then on a 10-wee~ tour on behalf of Project in aiding starving and disease-afilicted per­ went on successfully to complete medical Concern. He must raise funds so that sons when he and his wife, Martha, visited school. Following his internship and the work of Project Concern can be con­ Tijuana, infamous Mexico border town residency, he went into general practice tinued and, hopefully, expanded. Since ~uring days off from his general practlc~ in Coronado, Calif. Project Concern is a nonprofit organiza­ in southern California. MEDICAL CLINICS IN ' HONG KONG tion and . not connected with any re­ He said he experienced an emotional ligious, welfare, or governmental group, change while crossing the Mexico border one In Coronado, Jim Turpin and his wife, its entire support must come from in­ sumzner night almost 4 years ago, after labor­ Martha, became active in community life. terested individuals who know about the ing nearly 12 hours to save the lives of a Jim served on the city council and taught young Mexican girl and her sister who were a Sunday school class. This may well project and realize what a valuable pro­ suffering from bronchial pneumonia. have been the launching pad for Project gram it is. That night he realized he needed these Here is what even small amounts of · people as much as they needed him, the Concern, for Jim invited his adult group money contributed to Project Concern to "join me and let us do something about doctor stated. can do: $1 provides 7 days of treatment While working with the Chinese and South service instead of sitting here talking for removali of parasitic intestinal Vietnamese, Dr. Turpin witnessed things he about it.'' As a result of an on-the-spot worms; $5 provides 21 days of treatment considered to be pathetic beyond imagina­ inspection of conditions, Jim and the for severe fungus disease in a child; $10 tion. Sunday school class members volunteered provides 3 months of medicine and food He cited the spectacle of a starving baby their time and services to help with a sucking at a mother's breast and screaming necessary to overcome malnutrition in pitifully because its mother's body was so medical clinic and school at Casa de To- a child; $25 provides salary and support dos in Tijuana, Mexico. . racked with malnutrition she could not give for a native village medical· officer and the chlld nourishment. And seeing thou­ In November 1961, Project Concern basic medical care for an entire village sands of children so undernourished their was incorporated in the State of Califor­ for 1 month; $50 provides necessary daily digestive systems were feeding on muscle nia as a nonprofit organization. It took medical treatment for tuberculosis for fiber. less than a year to raise the support nec­ 1 year. The greatest medical problem among these .essary to begin the first Project Concern So, Mr. Speaker, even a modest con­ people other than malaria, tuberculosis and medical clinics in the British Crown Col­ tribution can mean a great deal to some cholera, is intestinal parasites, he said.' ony of Hong Kong. An ever increasing individual or village in South Vietnam BOY IS AIDED circle of friends agreed to give financial or Hong Kong. Anyone who wishes to A nonmedical problem his staff must con­ support. In September 1962, Project learn more about this imaginative ven­ tend with is superstition in Hong Kong and Concern was at work in Hong Kong. ture in bettering the lives of people in Vietnam. Three outpatient clinics have now been Dr. Turpin told of a Vietnamese woman established in Hong Kong. One serves other countries can write for more in­ who came to the clinic with her child who formation to: Project Concern, Inc., was suffering from large facial abscesses. the walled city of Kowloon, the second Postmaster, San Diego, Calif. aids th.e squatters of Jordan Valley, while Convinced her son was possesed by evil DR. TURPIN'S VISIT TO SOUTH BEND spirits, she brought the boy to him as a the third center :floats on two junks in last resort after a village sorcerer's methods the center of the Yaumati typhoon shel­ Mr. Speaker, I insert in the RECORD of cure had failed. ter. These three centers have brought several newspaper accounts of Dr. Tur­ The witch doctor sacrificed a water buffalo medical assistance and food to the masses pin's current tour across the United and a chicken, paid for by the mother, and of poor Chinese who ·have crowded into States, including a report in the South also dotted a piece of paper with dyes and Hong Kong in recent years and for whom Bend Tribune following his visit to my made the boy swallow it . .no other medical aid is available. own home city of South Bend: The doctor lanced the abscesses a~d the In 1963 I had the great privilege of [From the South Bend (Ind.) Tribune, boy showed imznediate improvement. He May 6, 1965] tactfully told the woman her son had been visiting Dr. and Mrs. Turpin and their in the spirit-separating room and she was so four children in Hong Kong and person­ VIET JUNGLE DOCTOR BATI'LES IGNORANCE impressed she brought many other patients ally observed them in action in the walled (By Thomas Serge) to him. city of Kowloon and rendering medical Intestinal parasites and witch doctors are Project Concern has worked with such a service to refugees on the :floating clinic two of the major medical problems in South variety of races that it has been called a Vietnam, Dr. James W. Turpin, a 37-year­ "Little United Nations," and sometimes in the harbor. It was one of the most old ·American physician who operates a hos­ moving experiences of my life. "Little Hope." . ' pital in the Vietnam jungle, said Wednesday . Dr. Turpin left Vietnam convinced that PROJECT CONCERN IN SOUTH VIETNAM night at St. Mary's College. the war is being won there and that the war More recently, Dr. Turpin and Project Dr. Turpin, who organized Project Con­ _is a necessary evil. cern, a nonprofit medical aid group, said Concern have gone into South Vietnam that in the southeast Asian countries mod­ RAIDS BOOST MORALE ·and have established a small hospital in _ern. medical science often ls scorned by the He said recent American air raids on North the village of DaMpao, some 150 miles natives until traditional forms of sorcery Vietnam are a tremendous morale booster for northeast of Saigon. · Inpatients num- have been tried and failed. the South Vietnamese, and he noted a greater 11982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 interest has been shown by people who pre­ east of Saigon. He and an international staff ing is red-white-and-blue nai'vete," he says. viously cared little for their own welfare. also operate out-patient clinics for mountain "The truth is, each generation discovers He warned that these persons are starving, tribesmen in 25 surrounding villages. · hunger, privation, and suffering anew." want jobs, education and security, and will NO TROUBLE FROM REDS The stepped-up American battle against take these things from the first country to the Communists has lifted the enthusiasm offer it, but he pointed out that they are not "Vietcong guerrillas have given us no sig­ even of the formerly indifferent Vietnamese, particularly interested in communism but nificant trouble," says Turpin. "And I'm sure Dr. Turpin said. are only seeking a means to these ends. we've treated some of them." The tiny effort of Concern, Inc., is but The young doctor predicted the village of Turpin, who wears a brass bracelet signi­ a speck of mercy in an ocean of sorrows, but Mpao would go Communist within a week if fying honorary membership in the Koho it works, and Dr. Turpin thinks it could the United States were to withdraw from the tribe, says morale has soared among the Viet­ work everywhere. war. namese and U.S. soldier-advisers since the "The battle in Vietnam cannot be termed a war against the Communist Vietcong was stepped up. civil war, there are too many other coun­ [From the Chicago Tribune, May 2, 1965] tries involved in the fight," he said. "Nobody likes to fight a war he can't win," he says. DOCTOR TELLS OF PROGRESS IN SOUTH VIET­ Wil.L WALK FOR DAYS The Turpin team has trained 35 young NAM-TROOPS' MORALE IMPROVING, HE SAYS The South Vietnameae are suffering hor­ Koho tribesmen as village medical officers, (By Thomas Powers) rible indignities and will walk for 2 or 3 days certified by the South Vietnam Government, The contention that the United States is to reach medical clinics, according to Dr. to dispense emergency fir!!lt aid, tuberculosis making no progress in South Vietnam is Turpin. and malaria medication, and other assistance "absolutely false," a 36-year-old medical mis­ In one of the colored slides a chief of a to their fellow tribesmen. sionary told 600 members of the Illinois mountain tribe was depicted in undercloth­ "They are our most important contribu­ Junior Chamber of Commerce yesterday. ing-the only garments he possessed. tion," Turpin says. Dr. James W. Turpin, who has set up hos­ A man came to the clinic garbed in a Turpin said the training toward self-suf­ pitals in South Vietnam and in Hong Kong, woman's dress for lack of anything else to ficiency is a cooperative effort of the Govern­ said that "for every atrocity, there are 1,000 wear, Dr. Turpin said. ment and Project Concern, an independent, acts of compassion in South Vietnam." Presently, wells and sanitary ditches are nonprofit relief organization the physician being dug, and when screening is available and his wife, Martha, founded 3 % years ago SEES ADDED STABILITY dwellings are secured with it to improve at Coronado, Calif. Speaking in the Sherman House, he said existing conditions. there has been a marked increase in morale Turning to field activities in the colony (From the Indianapolis Star, May 23, 1965] in our military forces, mainly because of of Hong Kong, Dr. Turpin said more than JUNGLE DOCTOR BATTLES AGONY, DISEASE IN the training and support being given by 40,000 boat people in the Yaumati typhoon VIET U.S. special forces which the doctor labeled, shelter receive medical aid from two floating (By Ben Cole) "the best of our · manhood." 65-foot junks equipped with modern med­ He said the South Vietnam Government ical facilities. WASHINGTON.-Dr. James w. Turpin looks has become considerably more stable, partic­ like a movie director's dream of what he CLINIC AT CEMETERY ularly since the recent reverses suffered by really is-a jungle doctor. the Communist Vietcong forces. The boat dwellers live their lives and die And last week, thanks to Representatives He said the U.S. aid program which is afloat, and many of them are too supersti­ JOHN BRADEMAS, Democrat, of Indiana, and costing $2 million a day can "justifiably be tious to even go ashore for medical care. · BoB WILSON, Republican, of California, Dr. criticized not because of its lack of effective­ On the mainland nearby, a clinic was es­ Turpin shared some of his extremely practical ness but because so much of it is involved tablished in a abandoned cemetery building knowledge with a few Congressmen-too few, in noninvolvement." given to them by the Government, Dr. Turpin unfortunately. BRADEMAS and WIJ.SON are He explained that Vietnamese farmers said. directors of Dr. Turpin's mercy operation thumb their noses at trucks bearing ferti­ Project Concern has no specific religious called, "Concern Inc." lizer and farm equipment to them "because or political am.Iiations. "The project wants The strikingly handsome young Kentucky­ the sacks are dumped at theii- feet. We born physician, moved by the suffering of only to bring the best American medical aid need to have more of those distributing the possible to those who need it the most," the people in underdeveloped nations. left his aid to move out of the large villages and doctor said. practice in Coronado, Cali;f., to seek a new move in where the really poor people are, Dr. Turpin's wife and chil~ren, Keith, 14, career in mE:dicine out of the mass of agony to know emotionally and spiritually what Payton, 12, Scott, 7, and Jan, 6, returned to in southeast Asia. it means to starve to death." California after spending the summer with There, in an abandoned U.S. Special Serv­ He told the Jaycees: him in Vietnam. ices compound, he treats 3,500 Vietnamese a "I do not want your charity for them. PREMEDICAL COURSE month. And he weeps over their poverty, their hunger, and their suffering. Come off of your sanctimonious high horse. Martha has enrolled in a premedical course His wife is studying medicine with the hope These people do need you. They are suffer­ since returning, he said. of joining his work. Dr. Turpin is in the ing indescribable physical privation. But Dr. Turpin was introduced by Miss Geral­ you •must also understand that you need United States now trying to raise $250,000 to them.'' dine Hatt, a social studies teacher at Central carry forward the work of his "Concern, High School who worked as a volunteer for Inc." Dr. Turpin was a general practitioner in a Project Concern in Hong Kong in 1963. The Vietnamese call him Bacsi Hakkah, the suburb of San Diego until he paid a visit to Sister Maria Renata, C.S.C., president of "Doctor Who Remembers (Us)," and in Hong a Tijuana, Mexico, slum and was appalled by St. Mary's College, and Miss Lillian Chard, Kong, he is known as Kai Yeh, meaning what he saw. He organized Project Concern, Grayslake, Ill., senior class president, were "Godfather." Inc., a not-for-profit organization that pro­ hostesses. College seniors, alumni, and staff He has won the devotion of the natives vided hospitals and clinics, including two attended. because he gives them help without question. floating hospitals, for water dwellers in Hong Mrs. Arthur Schenck, president of the He serves under the little blue-and-white Kong. South Bend branch of the AAUW; Mrs. Eu­ banner of "Concern Inc.," which is wholly Turpin, a Methodist, is a graduate of the gene Anderson, and Mrs. Ralph Emlong, co­ international, with compassion. Emory University College of Theology in chairmen of the recent graduates committee, Dr. Turpin has high praise for the Ameri­ Atlanta. were in charge of arrangements. can Special Service Corps in Vietnam. But Refreshments were served before the pro­ he is critical of the petty Americans who sl t gram. in Saigon. "Get them out in the villages," he [From the Chicago's American, May 2, 1965) pleads, noting that if America withdraws VIET MORALE UP, MEDIC HERE SAYS (From the South Bend Tribune, Apr. 24, from Vietnam, then the Communists will 1965] U.S. bombing of Vietcong supply lines has take over. brought a 100-percent increase in South Viet­ DOCTOR SEEKS VIETNAM FUND-WANTS In his medical compound, he has trained namese morale, according to an American $250,000 To HELP TREAT TRmESMEN bright young Vietnamese to be village medi­ medical volunteer in that country. SAN FRANCISCO.-An American doctor who cal officers, outfitted them with white jackets Nevertheless, Dr. James W. Turpin, founder has spent the past year treating mountain and stethoscopes. They can dispense medi­ and president of Project Concern, sees a 20- tribesmen in South Vietnam launched a na­ cine for common ailments, refer seriously ill year involvement of U.S. forces in South Viet­ tionwide drive today to raise $250,000 to help patients to Dr. Turpin and his associates. nam as necessary to keep it free of Commu­ them. Children with stomachs bloated from hun­ nist domination. "After living and working with these peo­ ger, mothers weeping over children that Declaring that the Vietnamese, like other ple, I can say that they deserve the best help nurse starvation-dried breasts, men who oriental people, are "not ready for democ­ we can supply," declares Dr. James W. Tur­ come with their bony nakedness covered by racy yet," he said U.S. intervention will be pin. "They are making a genuine effort to tattered dresses or scanty short underwear­ required until they become self-sufficient. help theinSelves." all these affect Dr. Turpin deeply. Should the United States pull out now South Turpin, 37, has set up a 25-bed hospital in "To think that somehow generations of Vietnam would become a "Communist col­ the village of DaMpao about 150 miles north- poverty have inured these people to suffer- ony in a matter of days," he said. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 11983 ADJ>RESSED PRESS .LUNCHEON tion of the 10 outstanding young men of dreaming---:this _ time about clinics to aid 1 million hill people in north Thailand. He made the remarks at a press luncheon America. Promoted by the Jaycees, nominees for Politics and wars, however, aren't his con­ in the Chicago Athletic Club given by Mrs. cern-he's a doctor treatiJ:ig patients, includ­ Harry D. Thorsen, Jr., president of the proj­ the national honor do not have to be Jaycee members, Skidmore said. The 10 finalists ing the Vietcong Communists, but the work ect's North Shore -women's auxiliary, which of his clinic has already converted at least is also sponsoring a special awards dinner are picked from approximately 20,000 soli~i­ tations across the Nation. Some past win­ one village from communism. for benefactors tomorrow evening in the Dr. Turpin is a tall, handsome man with Orrington Hotel, Evanston. · ners include J. Edgar Hoover, Walt Disney, Richard Nixon, and John F. Kennedy. obvious dedication. He is in Chicago on a Named in 1963 as one of the 10 outstand­ 2-month tour to rekindle interest in his ing young men of the year by the U.S. Junior • "Project Concern," and to raise funds for his Chamber of Commerce, Dr. Turpin was the work. keynote speaker yesterday at the Jaycee's [From the Ashland (Ky.) Saturday Evening, He was a doctor in Coronado, Calif., suc­ State convention in the Sherman House. Independent,Apr.24,1965] cessful financially but dissatisfied-"! was Project Concern got its start in 1962, when ASHLANDER LAUNCHES DRIVE To AID SOUTH only doing what any other of the 1,200 doc­ the physician-minister left his medical prac­ VIET TRIBES-DR. JAMES TURPIN SEEKS tors in San Diego could do." tice in Coronado, Calif., set up two medical $250,000 FOR "PEOPLE WHO DESERVE BEST" Through his Sunday school class he clinics in Hong Kong with the aid of four (By William C. Harrison) learned of a clinic in the slums of Tijuana, volunteers. SAN FRANCISCO.-An American doctor who Mexico, and he began devoting his off-hours RUNS FLOATING CLINIC has spent the past year treating mountain to it. This, in turn, reawakened his child­ One, known ~s a "floating clinic," is housed tribesmen in South Vietnam launched a na­ hood dream. on two Chinese junks and serves some 200,000 tionwide drive today to raise $250,000 to help With the aid of friends he raised $10,000 boat families who live on sampans in the them. and moved his wife, four children, and an­ typhoon shelters of the bay. The other is "After living and working with these peo­ other couple to Hong Kong. There he set located in the walled city of Kowloon, where ple, I can say that they deserve the best help up a floating clinic to bring medical care to some 250,000 people live in a 10-block area. w~ can supply," declared Dr. James W. Tur­ the thousands of refugees who live on the The work has since been extended to South pin. "They are making a genuine effort to waters. Vietnam, where the project maintains a 25- help themselves." "I believe we have to take medical care to bed hospital in the hill country 150 miles Turpin, 37, has set up a 25-bed hcspital the people," Dr. Turpin said. "It isn't north of Saigon. in a village abou~ 150 miles northeast of Sai­ enough to set up fancy hospitals in town.'' Among those to be honored at tomorrow's gon. He and an international staff also op­ A tour of Australia, and word-of-mouth dinner are Mr. and Mrs. W. Clement Stone, erate outpatient clinics for mountain tribes­ attention, brought- additional volunteerf?. who recently gave the project $16,000 to dou­ ment in 25 surrounding villages. Now there are 12 doctors and 33 staff mem­ ble the $8,000 raised _by the women's auxil­ "Vietcong guerrillas have given us no sig­ bers with 16 nationalities represented and iary. nificant trouble," says Turpin. "And I'm 3 additional clinics in operation that treat sure we've treated some of them." 500 patients a day. (From the Rochester Post-Bulletin, May 8, The Turpin team has trained 25 young A New Zealand doctor told Dr. Turpin 1965] Koho tribesmen as villege medical officers, about the central highlands of South Viet­ DEMOCRACY IN VIETNAM NOT THE ANSWER certified by the South Vietnam Government, nam and he started a clinic there. Patients Now to dispense emergency first aid, tuberculosis come from as far away as Saigon, a distance and malaria medication and other assistance of 200 miles. (By Thomas Furth) to their fellow tribesmen. "You've got to get out your book on tropi­ Democracy is not the answer right now in "They are our most important contribu­ cal medicine," Dr. Turpin said. "We treat Vietnam. However, some strong form of tion," Turpin says. everything-leprosy, TB, cholera, malaria. government must be established in the grief­ The training toward self-sufficiency is a "With oral medicine we cure skin fungus stricken southeast Asian country. cooperative effort of the Government and in a week that the sorcerers (witch doctors) This is the opinion of Dr. James Turpin, Project Concern, an independent, nonprofit tried vainly to cure for years. We even have who will be the featured speaker tonight at relief organization the physician and his one sorcerer on our staff now." the annual Minnesota Junior Chamber of wife, Martha, founded 3Y:z years ago at Coro­ Are we losing the war in Vietnam? Commerce State convention banquet in the nado, Calif. "Absolutely not," Dr. Turpin said. "We Mayo Civic Auditorium Arena. Turpin had conducted a general praotice need more military aid, I suppose, but more Dr. Turpin, who heads the Jaycee-spon­ in Coronado for 5 years when the oouple set than anything we need those who are con­ sored Project Concern in Asia, met briefly out in 1962 to open the first Project Con­ cerned about the people as individuals." today with three national vice presidents of cern medical clinic--0n a Chinese junk for Dr. Turpin's own philosophy is a guideline: the junior chamber of commerce. A former the boat dwellers of Hong Kong Harbor. It "I try to let the patients know I'm as happy Outstanding Young Man in America in 1962, has grown to three clinics treating nearly 500 they came to our clinic as they are to be Dr. Turpin gave indications on the progress patients a day in the British crown colony. treated." ' of the program. Some 20 nationalities are represented on Saturday, Dr. Turpin was honored by the "We need them (the Vietnamese) as much the staff of more than 100 doctors, nurses, Illinois Junior Chamber of Commerce at the as they need us," Dr. Turpin confided. "The dentists, pharmacists, teachers and others Sherman House; Sunday night he will speak fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs presently working in the program. They ex­ to North Shore volunteers of Project Con­ we receive from them helps compensate for panded into South Vietnam last year. cern at the Orrington Hotel, Evanston. the material welfare we provide them." Turpin said Project Concern is independent Born in Ashland, Ky., Dr. Turpin, 37, feels of any government, church or other affilia­ Mr. Speaker, I also insert Dr. the strongest trump card for communism in tion, and is registered with the State De­ Turpin's latest newsletter about Project Vietnam is dedication. "The Communist partment's Agency for International Develop­ Concern and an article by George A. Kel­ cadre will do anything to become one of ment. logg: them (Vietnamese)." A cross-country, 2-month tour will take However, regar..dless how poor and sick Turpin to many major cities and his home­ PROJEC"l' CONCERN-A MONTHLY NEWSLETTER some Vietnamese are, Dr. Turpin continued, town of Ashland, Ky. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., they strive to maintain dignity. And "Proj­ Mrs. Turpin and their four children, rang­ May 1965. ect Concern," has received a good amount of ing in age from 6 ·to 14, have returned to DEAR FRIENDS: How much are you worth? support from the Jaycees in Vietnam, he Coronado. She has decided she wants to be Courts have awarded more than $250,000 on added. a doctor, too, and is getting her premed edu­ occasion in determining the monetary value What Americans must sell in this region, cation at Western University, San Diego. of a human life. Sometimes we feel worth Dr. Turpin said, is democracy and Christian­ that much or more. Sometimes we feel ity. Through Project Concern steps can be worth nothing much at all. [From the Chicago Daily News, May 1, 1965] taken in that direction, he said. In Hong Kong and South Vietnam we Project Concern is an independent, non­ PROJECT CONCERN CLINICS-U.S. DOCTOR are encountering regularly situations where profit relief organization, in which clinics FIGHTING REDS IN VIETNAM WITH MEDI- human dignity, individual worth, and per­ and hospitals are established overseas. Sel!­ CINE sonal freedom are considered as insignificant. sufficiency is the anticipated end result of (By Charles Cleveland) .In Hong Kong life is very cheap to many of Project Concern's efforts. · A childhood dream is helping to win the the refugees. In Vietnam, we have had to Jaycees national vice presidents visiting war in Vietnam. stress to our village medical officers the im­ here are G. Merritt Martin of Saline, Mich., As a youngster in Ashland, Ky., Jim Turpin portance of tender, patient and loving care James Skidmore of Breck Township in New drove in a model T -through the mountains !or the sick individual. They are learning Jersey, and Dr. Fred Rainey of Elizabethtown, with ·his grandfather-doctor and dreamed with amazement the exte_nt to which we will Ky. some day of becoming a medical missionary go in time and effort to cure just one person. Skidmore, national Jaycees public relations in China. · I brought Nguyen Van Khanh, a 3-year­ chairman, announced that St. Paul will be Today he is operating four clinics in Hong old refugee boy from North Vietnam, back host in January to the congress for the selec- Kong, one in South Vietnam and still with me to California recently. In San 11984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 Francisco's Children's Hospital, Dr. Victor Mr. Vair's check to Project Concern is for hood resolve to become a physician. He ob­ Richards and his dedicated staff operated on 24 hours: Two hundred and forty lovely tained his M.D. degree from the Emory Uni­ this frail "blue baby." The hospital do­ American dollars. Thank you, Mr. Vair. versity ·school of Medicine, and practiced nated thousands of dollars' worth of the most And a very happy birthday. You've made it for 5 years in Coronado, Calif., devoting a modern diagnostic studies. The surgeons, a happy day for about 500 sick people and day a week to charity medical practice in nurses, blood bank and scores of others said, 1,000 hungry children. Tijuana, Mexico. Then he and his young "Yes, this Vietnamese refugee child is worthy REABURNS ARE REUNITED wife decided to give their full time to render­ of the best we can offer." ing medical care to the Chinese poor of The apartment below decks on the Yauh It was discovered at surgery that the heart Hong Kong. Oi is ringing again with the shouts of little deformity was too extensive to be repaired. On their own, without the backing of any children. On the roof the swings are flying religious or other charitable organization, Our disappointment was keen, but our staffs after hanging idly since the Turpins moved in Vietnam and Hong Kong, as well as the they organized Project Concern. Just 2 away. And Pung Yauh, the Yauh Di's dog, years later, they have a staff of 16 paid and 6 000 fellow refugees from communism in has five instead of four small fry to play with Tung Nghia know that we are willing to go voluntary doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. him, for the Reaburns of Collie, West They operate two outpatient medical clin­ all the way with Nguyen and with each one Australia, have come to stay. of them. This fact expressed believably ics-one in the old Kowloon Walled City and scores of times daily is having a profound Mrs. Reaburn (Noela, a trained nurse) ar­ the other aboard a beautifully rebuilt Chi­ effect on the lives of those who are turning rived with her children several weeks be­ nese junk, in the Yaumati typhoon shelter to us in ever increasing numbers. fore her doctor husband was able to get in Hong Kong. away. Now all are reunited as Dr. Bob Rea.­ Here are 8,000 junks on which live some How much are you worth? The answer burn joins the staff of Project Concern, may be directly proportional to the courage 35,000 people. Families range from 3 to 17 bringing his medical skills, his dedication persons-some living on sampans measuring you have to love believably the people who and his wonderful personality to the people desperately require your concern. from 12 to 20 feet. served in Hong Kong by the three clinics. The floating clinic, Yauh Oi (Brotherly "To be loved, and to love, need courage, This is not Dr. Reaburn's first introduc­ the courage to judge certain values as CY! ulti­ Love), has been in the water about 7 months. tion to Project Concern. In the early sum­ An average of 150 patients come each day. mate concern-and to take the jump and mer of 1964, Dr. Reaburn came as a volun­ stake everthing on these values." 1 The Unless penniless, they are charged 50 cents teer for several weeks to find out whether Hong .Kong money (8Y2 cents United States). East and West are meeting today in the at­ or not the work was as he had envisioned mosphere of respect, understanding, and "With no charge,'' says Dr. Turpin, "they it. Satisfied that it was what he wants, he would be apt to think the drugs of no value compassion. In Yaumati, the Walled City, returned to Collie to dispose of his very suc­ Jordan Valley and DaMpao the tens of and not take them." Little do they realize cessful practice so that he could return on that they frequently are given drugs with a thousands know we are involved with them a permanent basis. Welcome aboard. 1n active concern. value of $2 to $10 in U.S. money~ Yours in dedicated concern, DR. TURPIN TOURS UNITED STATES In the 2 clinics, Dr. Turpin and his staff treat over 4,000 patients each month. In the JIM TURPIN, M.D. A brief visit with his family in Coronado, Walled City, a filthy, squalor-ridden area of "IT'S MY SHOUT, MATES,'' SAYS MR. VAIR Calif., preceded a 10-week cross-country trip began with 6 days in San Francisco, includ­ some 10 square blocks, Project Concern has In celebration of his birthday which he ing 3 days as a guest-in-residence at Stan­ teamed with a group of British nurses and spent in Hong Kong, Mr. Howard Vair de­ other volunteer workers to provide modern ford University. Also on the April itinerary medical care. cided to foot the bill for the entire Project were Seattle and Vancouver, B.C. Concern program in Hong Kong for 1 full On the schedule for May and June: There are many health clinics in Hong day. For 1 day he paid the salaries of Kong, but Project Concern and Dr. Turpin all the doctors, nurses, lab technicians, May 1-4, 6, and 7------· Chicago. rea-0h the most destitute of this great city pharmacists, drivers, clerks, boatmen, and May 5------· South Bend. and prove to them that modern medical care registrars. In short, he furnished the Hong May 8------Rochester. can better their health and their lives. Kong payroll for April 22, 1965. For that May 9-10-11------· Minneapolis. The most common diseases encountered on day he paid for the drugs, the fuel that runs May 12-15, 17-2L ______New York City. the floating clinic are: tuberculosis-pulmo­ the personnel and baggage vans. He paid May 16------· Jersey City. nary, skin, and bone; parasitic diseases of the for the telephones, the electricity, the water. May 22------Asbury Park, N.J. skin and intestinal tract; trachoma; bron­ He paid the rent and for the medicine bot­ May 23-24-25------· Washington, D.C. chial diseases; iron deficiency anemia, due tles, the bandages, the injection fluids, the May 26-29------· Atlanta. primarily to a diet consisting almost exclu­ cough sirups. He paid one three-hundred­ May 29-30------· Tampa. sively of rice and fish; opium addiction, and May 31------Miami Beach. scabies. a.nd-slxty-fifth of the annual fee for the June 1-2 ______Jacksonville. auditors who now are busy seeing that dona­ June 3-4-5 ______Dallas. One elderly Chinese gentleman, calling at tions are properly spent and meticulously the ship on his own little sampan, was ex­ accounted for. On his birthday, Mr. How­ June 6------· Manhattan, Kans. amined and given drugs and vitamins galore. ard Vair of Detroit, Mich., known the world June 7 ------Topeka. He did not improve. When a more thorough over as one of the foremost candy men in June 8------· Lincoln-Omaha.. investigation was made some time later, the the United States, is "Mr. Project Concern. June 9-10------· Kansas City. staff found that while he took his drugs, he H.K.'' June 11------Tulsa.. was starving to death. Since then his little Mr. Howard Vair ls an American-with the June 12------· Wichita. sampan has been named hospital bed No. 1- June 13------· Greensburg. American's typical sympathetic interest in June 14-16 ______Los Angeles. for Project Concern now feeds him. his fellow man and the equally typical urge June 17-20 ______San Diego. The project is nonsectarian. The staff in- to do something practical about it, when he cludes a Buddhist, a Catholic, a Jew, a Pres­ finds real need. And when Mr. Vair said, June 22------· Buffalo. byterian, and representatives of other faiths. "It's my shout, mates,'' he was using the June 23-24------· New York City. Support comes from everywhere--mostly phraseology of another generous, warm­ June 25-28------· Ashland, Ky. from individuals who are amazed at its ac­ hearted people--the Australians whose ex­ June 29------· Cincinnati. complishments toward good health and moral pression this is. June 30------· Phoenix. improvement among the poorest of all Chi­ July L------Oakland. nese. Contributions are tax deductible. On the Italian cruise ship Flavia which July 2-3------Coronado. brought Mr. Vair to Hong Kong, he was the · Last year, Dr. Turpin was chosen as one only American among 700 Australians and of the 10 outstanding young men of 1962 by during his almost 4 weeks with them, he [From Hospital Topics magazine, October the National Junior Chamber of Commerce. learned that when an Aussie decides to foot . 1963] After receiving his award in Little Rock, Ark., the bill, he says, "It's my shout, mates." PROJECT CONCERN: MODERN MEDICAL CARE FOR he went on to New York City. His lecturing "I figured that it costs about $10 an hour HONG KONG'S DESTITUTE on Project Concern (which, by the way, to run the three Hong Kong clinics," said (The author is a retired vice president of helped bring in the money that made the Mr. Vair after seeing the work being carried floating clinic possible) aroused the interest Ethicon, Inc., and a consultant to Johnson & of Hazel E. Hunt, a public school principal on in these charity medical facilities and Johnson. When he submitted this special asking for the annual budget figure. Ten report after his visit to Project Concern in in Jersey City, N.J., who served in his clinics dollars American that would be, let's see August, he called the project "as worthy a during the summer on a volunteer basis, paying all her own expenses. The volun­ now. I got quite good at this Australian · medical cause as I ever became acquainted teers-from New Jersey, New York, Califor­ pound stuff on the Flavia that would be with," and described its founder as "~.ne of just almost exactly £4 Australian. Anyone nia, Kansas, and other areas-include two the finest young doctors I've ever met. ) college students paying their own way. wanting to pay for running the whole she­ (By George A. Kellogg) bang for an hour, could do it for £4 Aus­ I was accompanied to the Walled City tralian-or for $10 Anierican." A day with James Turpin, M.D., is some­ clinic and to the ship by my 11-year-old thing like a day with Dr. Tom Dooley and daughter, who said that day was the best Dr. Albert Schweitzer rolled into one. day of our trip to the Orient. While we were i Erich Fromm, "The Art of Loving," World After being ordained as a Methodist min­ on the ship, an officer and crew from the Perspectives. l&ter, Dr. Turpin decided to fulfill his child- Navy carrier U.S.S. Hancock, stationed in May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11985 Hong Kong harbor, came aboard with a load Answer. As of today, January 25, 1965, that many would be shy and somewhat fear­ of surplus drug and surgical supplies from Project Concern has established three clinics ful, and that their confidence would have to the carrier's stories. Similar gifts went to in Hong Kong. The first was on the main­ be won. But Dr. Jim Turpin found that for a Catholic hospital and other institutions in land of Hong Kong, in the squalid, over­ love and concern there were no language or Hong Kong. crowded 10-square-block area of Kowloon, cultural barriers. Today he is loved by all, The meeting between Dr. Turpin and Lt. known as the Walled City.1 Here, in a 16- and a hero to the children. Visitors tell us D. A. Pedersen of the Hancock was especially by 26-foot schoolroom, Project Concern that when he goes ashore in his little sam­ moving, for the last time they had met was treats 125 or more patients each morning, pan, it ls thrilling to watch them waving when Dr. Turpin delivered Lieutenant Peder­ In addition, approximately 400 children come with both hands and to hear them call out sen's first child, in Coronado, Calif., 3 years each day to receive a glass of milk, a chew­ to him excitedly all along the waterlanes: ago. .able vitamin tablet, and 2 high-protein "Kai yeh, Kai yeh" (godfather) . Project Concern, Inc., has its U.S. head­ wafers. Malnutrition ls the most common Question. Just how does Project Concern quarters at Post Office Box 536, Coronado, disease condition in the Walled City. Evi­ function? Calif. dence of the confidence Dr. Turpin has won Answer. Project Concern is an independ­ may easily be seen in the way little ones ent, individual, nonprofit medical relief or­ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT PROJECT whose parents are working at their meager ganization, founded by Dr. Jim Turpin on CONCERN jobs come to the clinic alone, some bringing the principle of love for humanity expressed Mr. Speaker, I further include at this still smaller ones in their arms or tied on in the practical terms of medical care, food, point in the RECORD a series of qu.estions their backs. and clothing for those ·in need. It is in­ and answers about Project Concern: A second-floating-clinic ls anchored in corporated under the laws of the State of Yaumatl Typhoon Shelter. It is comprised California. Its national headquarters in Most people know in a general way of of two boats: Yauh Oi (Brotherly Love), Coronado, Calif., and chapters in various Project Concern and the work of its founder, launched March 9, 1963, and alongside it parts of the United States, Australia, and Dr. James W. Turpin, among the refl.!gees Ming Ling (Love One Another), launched New Zealand seek to publicize the project from communism in Hong Kong and-more November 29 the same year. Together they and make its needs known through various recently-among the distressed people of offer medical, minor surgical, eye, ear, nose, media: the press, radio, television, slide pres­ South Vietnam. But many questions are throat, dental, and X-ray facilities to the entations, and by a 16-millimeter movie film. being asked about the details of the program, boat people, of whom it is estimated there The Coronado office publishes a monthly its development to date, and its aims and are about 45,000 in this harbor.2 The lower newsletter with the feature article written hopes for the future. This is an attempt to deck of Yauh Oi has been made into living by Dr. Turpin from the field. Project Con­ answer some of these questions. quarters for the director's family. cern is entirely dependent upon public sup­ Question. What do the words "Project Con­ The third clinlc, the Jordan Valley, was port. Most of it comes from those who re­ cern" mean in connection with-the activities dedicated March 9, 1964. It serves an area ceive the newsletter. of Dr. Turpin? of squatters' shacks, of which it is estimated Question. What has been the response of Answer. The simplest answer is to say that a total of .300,000 cling precariously to the people to this unique activity? they represent a program of activities aris­ hillsides of Hong Kong and Kowloon. Put Answer. It has been generous. Starting ing from the concern that Dr. Turpin, his together from any available scraps, they are with an initial nest egg contributed by some associates, and supporters have for those the homes of the colony's very poor and of the doctor's friends, which was soon aug­ multitudes critically ill from diseases stem­ shelters for many refugees. The clinic ls mented by additional gifts from individuals, ming from malnutrition, exposure, and other housed in an old cemetery office building, organizations, and churches, the response hardships, and whose offspring are being loaned to Project Concern by the British continues to grow as more and more people ushered into a world of uncertain survival. Government. Repaired, remodeled, and come to see the practicality of Project Con­ Dr. Turpin is concerned about these people. painted, the old but adequate building cern's concept of independent person-to­ His project ls his plan to help them. emerged as a modern, spacious clinic, with person assistance. However, as suffering and Question. It lft my understanding that facilities for carrying out a feeding program. need in the world increases daily, so do Proj­ Dr. Turpin's program has been underway In addition, there ls a house for the custodian ect Concern's opportunities to serve. And for some time. When was Project Concern and a playground for the children. the urgency of an increase in funds ls at launched? As of January 1965, the professional staff present a very real problem. Answer. Dr. Turpin had always been inter­ of the 3 clinics in Hong Kong numbers 42, Question. While the whole project seems ested in helping the underprivileged. Dur­ of whom 11 are doctors. Each day they see praiseworthy, isn't it rather frustrating in ing the time he practiced medicine in Coro­ about 500 patients. In -addition, there ls a view of the countless thousands who are nado, Calif., he-with his wife, Martha­ daily distribution of milk, vitamins, and pro­ potential patients? used to spencf his day off in the children's teins to about 900 children. Answer. This is true, particularly when the clinic in the canyons of Tijuana, finding in Question. What type of patients does Proj­ staggering needs are balanced by finances at work among these people an inner sense ect Concern serve? low ebb. But we take courage when we of fulfillment that made him long to devote Answer. Many of them are children with remember the role free people have always all his time in service to the very poor. tuberculosis and other "diseases caused by played in the alleviation of suffering. More­ It was the urgency of the need in Hong malnutrition. Of the adults who come, over, our confidence ls further strengthened Kong that made him decide in the summer many are aged. The doctor not only pre­ by the interest and enthusiasm developing of 1961 to organize Project Concern. He scribes, but, aided by his staff, administers today in many foreign countries. began immediately to present his plans to medicines and vitamins. M_any of the con­ . Question. How did Dr. Turpin happen to friends, colleagues, and the public through ditions are the same as here in the United start a medical work in Vietnam? correspondence, speaking engagements, ra­ States: colds, constipation, ulcers, and ar­ Answer. Dr. Turpin had hoped to have a dio, TV etc. in an effort to enlist interest thritis. But hideous impetigo, leprosy, and clinic in South Vietnam, when in March and support. The high point of these activi­ nutritional deficiencies of serious magnitude 1964 a small hospital-clinic building was ties was the meeting in the ballroom of the are common. made available by the Vietnamese Govern­ Hotel del Coronado on September 11, 1961, at Question. Is there any resistance on the ment, and today in the little mountain vil­ which the formal announcement of the part of these people, who suddenly find a lage of Dampau-about 180 Inlles northeast launching of Project Concern was made. Western doctor in their midst? of Saigon-medical service is being offered to This was followed by the filing of its articles Answer. Since nearly half the people in tribes of Montagnards of that area. These of incorporation in Sacramento, Calif., on Hong Kong are refugees, one would expect people are some .of the real casualties of the November l, 1961. guerrilla fighting, since they have no real A few weeks later Dr. Turpin was on his 1 Through a technical error left out of the affiliation with either side. Natural wander­ way to Hong Kong to make a brief survey of lease to Great Britain and therefore not ers, now living behind palisades of bamboo the refugee situation for himself. He re­ under its jurisdiction. British attempts to spikes and barbed wire, and lacking all but turned to continue his fundraising at an rehabilitate the area have so far been unsuc­ the barest elements of existence, they are ever-accelerating pace for some months­ cessful. The Chinese authorities have ob­ tragic enough to move the most insensitive meanwhile still finding it necessary to carry jected to a new British housing scheme which to compassion. on his medical practice. would resettle much· of the population of Project Concern's professional staff in Viet­ It was on August 10, 1962, that Dr. Turpin this old city; now they claim Chinese sov­ nam is small, consisting of Dr. Turpin as the took his wife and four children to Hong ereignty in the area. (Cf. Illustrated London only doctor, a laboratory technician from Kong to devote his life to those whose tragic News, Feb. 2, 1963.) The present population Vancouver, British Columbia, and two regis­ need had so overwhelmed him. They sailed of the Walled City is estimated at about tered nurses from the United States. How­ from Long Beach, Calif., on the SS Arcadia 25,000. ever, well underway-and to continue in­ at midnight. Paul and Shirley Fleener, 2 The boat people (estimated to total over definitely-is a program of training qualified friends who had worked with Jim and 150,000 in Hong Kong) are a fascinating native young people to .become medical Martha during the period of preparation, seg~en t of the nearly 4 million people in the assistants. As of January 1965 42 graduates sailed with them, to become a part of the British Crown Colony. They form a sep­ have demonstrated they can correctly change Hong Kong staff of Project Concern. arate community, with _their own language dressings, distribute medicines, and give in­ Question. How is the doctor carrying out and customs. Their strange craft fill Hong jections, according to written orders. Each his program in Hong Kong-specifically? Kong waters. Many never go ashore. group ls in training for 3 months; the second 11986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE ·May 27, 1965 month, in residence 1n the provincial hos­ to villagers in the remotest outposts of ment, Medico, to say nothing of our pital 1n Dalat, under the direction of the South Vietnam, people our official diplo­ military forces around the world who Vietnamese Dr. Phan. The students are mats never see. serve in medical capacities in order that ·sponsored by the Vietnamese Government, and upon completion of their training are To these people he taught the great­ others may live and enjoy good health. recognized by the officials to qualify as vil­ ness of America by example. In this I thank the gentleman for yielding. lage medical officers. Five of the graduates capacity he has done his country a vast Mr. BRADEMAS. I thank the gen­ are currently assigned to the clinic. The amount of good. tleman, himself a distinguished physi­ others work in the villages as medical officers, Currently, Dr. Turpin is in this coun­ cian and a Member of this House, for reporting critical cases to the hospital for try on a fundraising campaign to sup­ his gracious remarks. I am sure that the professional care. Dr. Turpin himself makes port his Project Concern, which, I should gentleman would not mind if in addi­ afternoon sick calls in the villages--by heli­ add, has no religious or political affilia­ tion to the other splendid organizations copter to the more remote ones. In a letter of September 17, 1964, Dr. tion. He has been honored this year .which he cited we included another Turpin wrote: "I saw nearly 200 patients one as one of America's 10 outstanding which is headed by the distinguished day • • • they come in droves • • • a young men. physician Dr. Peter Comanduras, known fascinating people. Medical and surgical Some of his views on southeast Asia as Medico. situation here is intriguing. • • • I need I believe should be of interest to this doctors and nurses-long term, short term, honorable body. He reports the Amer­ HUDSON RIVER-NEW CONSERVA­ whatever is possible. Please get out the ican air raids on North Vietnam are a word." tremendous morale booster for the South TION CHALLENGE In another letter: "Some day we hope there may be a truly proper hospital here, a nurs­ Vietnamese. Many of these people had Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ing school, elementary schools, playgrounds, previously cared little for their own wel­ unanimous consent that the gentleman adequate food production. Peace will come fare and had no hope for the future. from New York CMr. OTI'INGER] may ex­ when people's elementary needs are met, Their outlook now is brighter. tend his remarks at this point in the their children are sent to school, they have He notes that these people are hungry, RECORD and include extraneous matter. adequate medical care, and they worship God need jobs and education as well as se­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection with bodies and hearts strong and confident curity. They will take things from the in themselves and in their brothers afar." to the request of the gentleman from In the same mood Martha Turpin wrote first country to off er them. But they New Jersey? from DaMpau during her recent visit: "So are not particularly interested in com­ There was no objection. far I haven't seen any real play among the munism. They seek only a means to Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, yester­ Montagnards-not even among the children. an end. day, I was privileged to present to the They are hollow-eyed and tragic, pawns in I submit that Project Concern and House the first section of a paper pre­ the struggle here, where people neither know young men of Dr. Turpin's stature offer pared by Mr. Irving Like for the Citizens nor care about the difference between free­ humanity everywhere a clear and ob­ Committee for the Hudson River. In dom and communism. It's a long, long way vious alternative to the evil of commu­ up • • • it's going to take an immeasurable this section, Mr. Like reviewed some of amount of generosity on the part of the for­ nism. He deserves a salute from all the history of the river and analyzed tunate ones of the world who are free • • • Americans. various official attitudes and actions for so much needs to be done, and done fast. Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the the river in past years. Should we fail, the Communists will do it for gentleman yield? In the next section, Mr. Like discusses us-they are pushing to do it." Mr. BRADEMAS. I am happy to current efforts to save "the Hudson and Question. How can interested persons share yield to the gentleman from Missouri. analyzes the potential growth and de­ in supporting Project Concern's humani­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to tarian service? . velopment of the riverway under Federal Answer. It is very simple. Anyone wishing compliment the gentleman from Indiana programs such as that proposed in my to help may slip a bill or a check into an for what he has done in the well of the Hudson Highlands national scenic river­ envelope and send it to Project Concern, Inc. House today. way bill Harlem, was city, public omcials actually contributed to then almost as if he had forgotten, a. while waiting by the dais to shake his hand. The increased addiction by creating a circum­ later estimated, for the first time, that New mayor's seat was on the dais. On his right, stance in which addicts readily became more York's addicts "steal about $1 billion a. year City Narcotics Coordinator Dr. Catherine knowledgeable. After Riverside was closed, to support their habit." Hess. On his left, Health Commissioner Dr. the city transferred its staff to other city The mayor's seeming contradiction reflects George James, and Hospital Commissioner Dr. facilities. the great debate that has developed among Ray Trussell. In front of him, 200 narcotics But appeals to city hall for leadership people concerned with addiction: Are ad­ experts and a battery of television cameras. in the fight against narcotics addiction began dicts depraved and reckless criminals or are The ballroom was impressive and so was long before Riverside was closed. They first they afHicted with a disease? the brass as the mayor prepared to open the became intense during Mayor Wagner's sec­ PROGRAMS ON PAPER Gracie Mansion Conference on Narcotics Ad­ ond term. Ministers, teachers, and others diction, an event carefully designed in the wrote to the mayor saying they were fearful Curiously, the debate has had relatively mayor's omce to show that llis administration then-it was 1957-of the grip heroin had little to do with how addicts a.re to be was coming to grips with New York's growing begun to take on their communities. As far treated, since in actual practice almost no addiction problem and its most drastic as can be determined, their letters went facilities have existed. Instead of acting as consequence: Crime in the streets. But largely unanswered. a goad to the creation of either prison or though it was held under the auspices of The mayor did not respond fully until hospital facilities in which the addict could the health department, that department's 1959, when 200 pickets from an East Harlem be treated and-at least as important­ omcials had not been notified of the confer­ Protestant parish marched on city hall. studied, the debate actually has become a. ence's existence until 10 days before. Sug­ Then Mr. Wagner did something. He agreed deterrent. As long as medical people cannot gestions for postponements were rejected. to meet with 35 representatives of Protestant answer this basic question, the mayor is say­ The need-to convince the public the city churches to set up "a broad program of re­ ing, in effect, that it is impossible to imple­ had a program-was great, it was said. habilitation." ment a program. Budget limitations a problem? Charge the Nothing happened. But as this debate has paralyzed hopes for conference to the department of public A year later, in a "Report to the People," a real program, it has also frustrated at­ events. More time needed to arrange for Mr. Wagner viewed the narcotics problem, tempts of researchers and others working in distinguished foreign speakers? Get other particularly among teenagers, as "even more the field to develop meaningful research pro­ speakers. critical than in previous years." That was grams that might provide an answer to the And so at 10:45 a.m., "Your Honor, the 1960. At his 1965, Gracie Mansion Narcotics nature of addiction in New York. The result Mayor" was introduced by Dr. Catherine Conference, he said, the number of addicts is that for all intensive purposes, the infor­ Hess. had been increasing only during the last 2 mation that is now available is useless in A STRANGE SPEECH years, 1963 and 1964. recommending programs. For example, after The conference had begun. And for the The mayor campaigned for a. third term 10 years of a growing narcotics problem, vir­ next 20 minutes, Robert F. Wagner slowly in 1961. He formed a "task force" for the tually no clinical statistics are available that read a 29-page statement printed in quarter­ organization of medical services for addicts would provide valid insights into possible courses for treatment. i~ch block type. It was one of the strangest and promised to move quickly on broad speeches New York's mayor has ever de­ aspects of the narcotics problem. Indeed, In any case, the city's programs continued livered. At once, he described addiction as he made his intentions part of a strong, anti­ to exist only on paper, even as the mayor a "raging problem," then said it was not crime platform. was saying firmly that he would like to "have widely known, then noted that the incidence "These addicts are responsible for much New York City lead the way in this field of "narcotics addiction has greatly decreased lawlessness," he said typically a. few weeks (narcotics) as in other regards." since the twenties." before election day, 1961. "Depraved and The mayor led the way-to a bigger and The mayor said the city had initiated pro­ reckless, they must be confined to proper better conference. At his request, President grams, but he looked to the conference for hospitals." Kennedy called a White House Conference "directions." He said the city now had hos­ No one questioned then whether the ad­ on Narcotics. A principal speaker was Rob­ pital facilities for addicts "that increased dict was "a criminal, a sick individual, or a. ert F. Wagner. from 25 beds in 1959 to 300 by February 1965." sick criminal." The may<:>r was going to get There were other speeches. Addiction be­ The city has other programs and the mayor him off the streets. But the mayor did not came at once "a. tangled forest" and later, mentioned them all: the West Side rehabili­ say how he would have it done or where he with apologies to Winston Churchill who tation program, the intake centers, the hos­ planned to send addicts. said it fu·st about something else, "a. riddle pital detoxification programs, the experi­ By March 12, 1962, the heat of the cam­ wrapped in an enigma at the center of a ments on withdrawing addicts from heroin paign was over and the reelected Mayor Wag­ mystery." by using methadone, a substitute drug. ner began implementing his pledge, though By 1964, the city council began to stir. The mayor said Dr. Hess "had provided not quite in the way he had promised. He Legislation was introduced to effect narcotics both the leadership and the coordinated ef­ said now the city would come to grips with control. But it was never passed. fort that are so desperately needed in this "the vexing, bailing, and tragic problem of "Screvane (Council President Paul Scre­ field," and asked the conference to answer narootic traffic." Mr. Wagner did not now vane) told us to hold off for a while,'' one specific questions dealing with the relation­ say he was going to curb lawlessness. He councilman says: "He said the mayor was ship between crime and addiction, the sig- appointed Dr. Theodore Rosenthal, a. deputy coming out with something big." May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - aousE 11991 This promise of "something big" was ful­ ident PaulScrevane, who is chairman of more This article appeared in the Tribune filled on October 27, the day the mayor de­ committees than anyone else in New York on April 7, 1965, and follows: livered his annual report. He said, "the city and perhaps the universe, head of still a new government is working hard at this problem committee: "The Temporary Gracie Mansion NEW YORK CITY IN CRISIS-CITY'S DOPE­ both in research and practice, both in treat­ Committee on Narcotics." ADDICTION FIGHT: A POLICE ACTION, NOT ing the addicts and in pursuing and en­ A white ·Protestant minister, working in the A WAR couraging the search for the causes and cures narcotics field in New York for almost a dec­ (By Paul Weissman, of the Herald Tribune of addiction." ade who had expected some tangible results staff) In order to coordinate information and re­ from the conference, reacted this way: This is the story of how the war on nar­ search, the mayor said, he had "agreed to call "I thought I'd puke," he said: cotics addiction is going in the office of the and sponsor a major conference in New York No; he did not want to make his reaction narcotics coordinator, the city agen.cy pri­ City to decide on actions that may be con­ less graphic, or under the circumstances, did marily responsible for the battle against the sidered desirable." He announced that he he think it necessary to be more specific. addiction in New York. would call a Gracie Mansion Conference on QUESTIONS REPEATED It takes place in the command post of the Narcotics "sometime in the month of agency whose work will hopefully result in a January." The conference then returned to the Hilton decline of the $1 billion Mayor Wagner says Either city officials by now had become in­ for a final day of meetings and, when it was addicts steal every year to support their over, Dr. Hess delivered the city's promised s~lated to announcements by the mayor, or habit. City Hall simply forgot to tell the health de­ "action packet" on narcotics. But this did The general in charge of this office is Dr. partment. No preparations were made.· No no more than restate the objectives of the Catherine Hess, a former obstetrician, who speakers were invited. conference and repeat the questions Mayor Mayor Wagner selected to replace Dr. Theo­ Actual dates for the conference did not Wagner had asked the conference to answer dore Rosenthal in April 1962 as the city's come in an announcement either from City particularly this one: Was the addict a crimi­ narcotics coordinator. (The only official re­ Hall or the health dep&rtment. They came nal, a sick criminal, or a sick person? quirement for the job-a deputy health com­ about this way: Some weeks later, Mr. Screvane's small missioner-ls a medical degree.) On December 3, Mayor Wagner went to steering committee held its first meeting. A She is paid $20,000 a year as this city's nar­ dinner in the Grand Ballroom of the Hotel member gave this report: cotics expert and this is her view of the re­ Astor. He was attending the Humanitarian "Edelstein ("Julius C. C. Edelstein, the lationshlp between narcotics and crime: m ayor's executive assistant) was there and Award Dinner in his honor given on behalf "Crime is just plain increasing every­ of the National Association for the Preven­ I never expected him to be as frank as he was. He said it was an election year and the where,'' she says. "It's not my addicts that tion of Addiction to Narcotics. are stealing. Of course, my addicts are steal­ The mayor told the group he had directed city had to come up with something big for narcotics. He said it had to be •news• ing, but they're not responsible for the crime that the views of the interested voluntary rate." agencies and organizations "be solicited in worthy.'" Another membe·r of the committee says Mr. In the 3 years that Dr. Hess has held the planning and programing" and announ­ the job, narcotics in New York has become cecl the conference would be held for 3 days Screvane already knows which programs will be announced as public pressure increases: her field, one in which she is the main starting February 3. Dr. Catherine Hess, the source of information, the principal person city's narcotics coordinator, he said, would Extens.ion of the Daytop Lodge program, a project started by the Kings County Depart­ Mayor Wagner relies on to evalute programs. organize the conference in consultation with This, at least, ls the view of many competent the interdepartmental health council. ment of Correction for Juvenile Addicts; and further development of the use of "metha­ professional observers. In January, Dr. Ray Trussell, as current The headquarters for this operation is a chairman of the council, wrote to city hall done" as a substitute drug in the ambula­ tory treatment of addicts and a "half-way fourth-floor office at 325 Broadway and one and suggested the conference be postponed day not long ago, this ls the way Dr. Hess so that ·experts might be invited from all house" program. But, he says, the city will not subsidize half-way houses until it can described New York's addiction problem and over the world. City hall refused. Several addiction program: voluntary agencies reported they were never find a way of "approving" all of the people employed in them. "How many addicts do we really have? consulted regarding planning or programing Close to 25,000,'' she said. (Other estimates and, in fact, were made aware of the con­ In recent weeks, there have been reports that there will be an $8 million wing addition range as high as 200,000. Police unofficially ference less than 10 days before it was sched­ put the number at 100,000 addicts in New uled to begin when they were invited as to a city hospital to deal only with narcotics. If this wing is constructed, it will be as a re­ York. Dr. Hess' estimate is based on the speakers. Staff members within the narcot­ 23,000 unduplicated names of addicts re­ ics coordinators' office say they strongly rec­ sult of the same factor that has guided all narcotics programs in New York in the last ported in the health department central reg­ ommended that Senator ROBERT KENNEDY istry.) and Dr. Kenneth Clark be in".ited to speak, decade: mounting public pressure, not seri­ but both were rejected. ous, careful, thorough research and analysis. "Ninety-eight percent of our addicts are So the meeting went on as scheduled. No real progress can be made by such a school dropouts. We detoxify 7,500 of them After the mayor's keynote address, six pan­ step because the city still has no real infor­ every year." (Though Dr. Hess did not men­ els, each including several speakers, were held mation concerning patterns of addiction, the tion it, more than half the addicts that vol­ each day in which law enforcement, society's number of addicts, the degree of their ad­ untarily go to hospitals are repeaters.) attitude towards addicts, Federal, State, and diction, or the relationship between addic­ "There are 800 State and city beds available city treatment programs, the work of volun­ tion and crime. to us" (300 are city beds). "Manhattan Gen­ tary agencies and similar topics were dis­ Some critics have gone as far as to charge eral ~ries to keep them 21 days, Metropolitan cussed. that the city refuses to acknowledge that a Hospital 6 weeks. We are going to make A large majority of the speakers had heard narcotic problem in fact even exists. This ls Metropolitan New York's addiction hospital. each other before and had appeared on plat­ too stern a view. Existence of the problem ls A jolly woman, Dr. Hess will tilt back her forms at a dozen different seminars. Many not the issue, doing something meanlngful­ chair as she answers a phone call and say: of them complained the conference had of­ and not just political-about it ls. "Why sure I'm fine. I'm sittin' here in New fered little new. On the second day of the York glvin' fixes right and left.'' meeting the mayor invited the participants to When the call is completed, Dr. Hess, who Gracie Mansion for a cocktail party. on the day she was interviewed, wore her "Some day," one city official said, "that guy NEW YORK CITY IN CRISIS­ leather wallet tucked in her belt Gary Cooper may have enough guts to play it straight. PART LXXXI style, began twisting the opal ring on her Then he'll call a conference to end all con­ Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask left pinky. She said she had to disagree with ferences and be done with wasting our time Mayor Wagner, if he said addicts commit for good." unanimous consent that the gentleman half the crimes in New York City. "Quite There were 200 people from all over New from New York [Mr. MULTERJ may ex­ frankly,'' she added, "I don't think narcotics York at Gracie Mansion for cocktails that tend his remarks at this point in the addiction is increasing in New York." day. City officials, politicians, representa­ RECORD and include extraneous matter. BUSY PARENTS tives of voluntary agencies and friends of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection A 49-year-old spinster, Dr. Hess blames the mayor chatted amiably as they munched ca­ to the request of the gentleman from rise in teenage addiction on "a change in tered cheese bits and shrimp. New Jersey? parental authority." She says, laughing as An hour after the party began, the group There was no objection. if she were stlll joking about "giving fixes was gathered in the west wing of Gracie Mr. MULTER.. Mr. Speaker the fol­ right and left,'' that parents today are too ~ansion. Looking straight at autographed lowing article concerns the fight against busy to bother wit;ti their children. "They pictures presented to him by King Baudouin all say to the~r kids, 'here's 2 bucks. Go of Belgium and the Prince and Princess of dope addiction in New York City and is out and have some fun.'" Monaco, the mayor said he was going to create another in the series on "New York City Dr. Hess does not dispute the need for a "working panel" to assess the work of the in Crisis" appearing in the New York research, but she says a great deal is known conference. He appointed city council pres- Herald Tribune. about addiction. 11992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 "I know what the addict's life is like," Bhe barbituates, marihuana, narcotics, and al­ "stuff" was real stuff. Other addicts talk says. "He gets up at 6 a .m. and his skin coholism. But Dr. Hess has not consulted about the Federal hospital in Lexington and pops. Then he has to find a fence and get public information experts in the health de­ doctors they know on a first-name basis. his orders for the day. He fools the police, partment on how the booklets should be The patient making his first trip to West and if he's a booster, he fools storekeepers. prepared, or who should do them. Side, when he finishes lounging around in When he's successful, he gets money for Dr. Hess says she agrees with most of the front, walks up one :flight of stairs to the his shot. Of course, it's absolutely no fun medical profession that marihuana is less center itself. Directly in front of him is a doing it yourself so you've got to find some dangerous than heroin and its usage does wall. On his right is- a commercial pool ball. friends. not deeply trouble her. On his left is a large white door that is always "What people don't understand is this "You take a street like lOOth Street in cen- locked. Faced with this alternative, dozens thrill of stealing-this thrill of beating pol- tral Harlem," she says, "practically all of of addicts assume the center is closed and go ice. I have to meet this excitement. I have them are smoking marihuana. Say 2,000 peo­ home. Some discover that the facilities en­ to meet this with meaningful values where ple. Only 10 percent of them become heroin trance is around the stair well at the opposite there were no values. I have to teach him addicts." end of the building. how to dress. I have to teach him how to But marihuana at present is an illegal drug. The inside of the center might be a locker hold a fork. I have to teach him how to deal Did Dr. Hess not feel the law should be en­ room. The entire facility is one huge room, with all the things he's solving with a shot." forced? separated into offices, examining sections, and The problem is, as other medical author!- "Well," she said, "probably you and I com- a recreation room separated by beaverboard ties have pointed out, that there are many mit all kinds of criminal acts every day. So­ partitions. The first sign he sees amid the kinds of addicts and a hundred causes why ciety has become more permissive." bulletin boards in the reception room says: people who are addiction-prone turn to her- When halfway houses actually become part "Ladies room. Only one person allowed in oin. The availability of drugs in some com- of a city program, Dr. Hess has this plan for this room at a time. If you violate this rule munities is a major factor. The use of drugs using them: you will be told to leave the center." by "leaders" of teenage gangs is another. "We can put the addict in the slot where His second greeting comes from one of the But in all cases, psychiatrists are almost uni- he will do well, I intend to make this selec­ two receptionists whose desks are in the wait­ versally convinced addicts are using drugs to tion in a hospital setting. I might send an ing room. While he waits to be registered cope with tremendous internal pressures that addict, for example, to East Harlem Prot­ and examined, he notices a ping pong table in arise f.rom deeply rooted psychological prob- estant Parish. If he fails and goes back on the recreation room. No one is playing ping lems. drugs, quick, right away, I make a home visit pong, but be sees four or five men he may To come to grips with the problems of ad- and try to find the cause of failure. Then I know sitting on chairs near it, looking un­ diction, New York City has extremely limited decide which slot to t.ry him in next." comfortable, with little more to do than read !ac111ties. It has 300 beds at Manhattan Meanwhile, New York has no organized a magazine. General and Metropolitan hospitals. In- halfway house program, and Dr. Hess' omce Sherman Pat.rick, executive director of the take centers, that refer addicts to these hos- does no more than warn voluntary agencies center, has an office in one of the pa.rtitioned pitals for withdrawal from drugs, are main- when a patient they have referred to a city sections. He has a note on his desk from Dr. tained in central Harlem, Astoria, and Wash- hospital is being released. Other addicts are Hess, his immediate superior. It says ington Heights. Other addicts are accepted referred to the West Side Rehabilitation Cen­ bluntly: "I would like you to stress as many when they are referred by recognized volun- ter at 96th St.reet and Broadway in Manhat­ positive aspects of the program as possible." tary agencies, among them East Harlem Prot- t an, the city's only facil1ty for posthospital The pay in this job is $9,800 a yea.r, but estant Parish, Teen Challenge, the Salva- care. Sherman Patrick looks at the memorandum tion Army, and the Greek Pentacostal But 21 days or 6 weeks after an addict en­ as if it were a coffee stain on his desk. He Church, all of whom maintain thei.r own ters a city hospital to withdraw from drugs, begins to describe facilities, group therapy, programs to combat addiction. if he voluntarily remains for the full period and the center's limited recreation facilities Because most of the research work, in prac- of treatment, he is back on the streets again. and the role they play in the center's pro­ tice, is conducted independently of the nar- The narcotics coordinators omce does two gram. In theory, it all sounds very good. cotics coordinators office, Dr. Hess occasion- things. If the patient was referred by a vol­ ally does not refer to it in describing the city's . untary agency, the agency is immediately no­ "You better ask me questions," Mr. Pat­ program. It has led some volunta.ry a.gen- tified that he is about to be released. Those rick, a schola.rly Negro researcher says, waving cies to complain that the city's approach to that are admitted from one of the city's !our the memorandum from his superior. "You addiction is virtually incoherent. intake centers are told to report to the West better ask me questions if we're going to talk Dr. Hess, in the interview, rubbed her eyes Side Rehabilitation Center at 96th Street and about this program at all." with her knuckles, leaned forward and rested Broadway in Manhattan. The center-the City records indicate that about 1,000 ad­ her bead on her elbows, and said the charge only municipal one in the city--comprises dicts report to the West Side Rehabilitation just wasn't true. 5,000 square feet in what was once a bowling Center each year and give the impression "As long as you've got addicts to go for the alley that burned out a few months before that the figure represents the number of ad­ hospital they're off the street," she said. it was opened. The addicts who report with­ dicts in a rehabilitation program of some "That's our basic operating theory." in 24 hours are examined, processed and put kind. Mr. Patrick said this is an inaccurate "Let him free for 24 hours,'' Dr. Hess says on welfare roles. Periodically, urine samples impression. The great bulk of those who re­ of the addict, "and they're nudging him. are taken to test whether they have remained port are examined, placed on welfare rolls, Let's try one. Let's just try one shot." off drugs. This test is supposedly a condi­ and told to check in regularly to deposit Dr. Hess agrees that halfway houses-vol- tion of welfare eligibility. urine specimens. That is the extent of their untary guidance clinics must play a major Until 8 months ago, the center's technique rehabilitation. Only 37 male patients are in role in the city's program. of collecting urine samples was easily foiled a day-care program of any kind because of "They all need funds. They all need by addicts who did not want to stay clean. the limited facilities. The center has ab­ guidelines. But we also have to see that A "black market" in "clean urine" developed solutely no day-care facilities for women. certain standards are met before we can help in the neighborhood. The price for a sample Between 40 and 45 people are employed by them. We have to try to give them the was 50 cents. Samples are now collected un­ the city at West Side although the figure benefit of our experience. They must have der the direct observation of one of the cen- changes because it is frequently difilcult to good structured programs." ter•s staff members. fill jobs already in the budget. A substantial What standards have to be met? Mayor Wagner has said, not without pride, portion of the $789,979 in the health depart­ ment's 1964-65 budget for addictive diseases "Why they have to meet the sanitary code, that West Side is the only rehab111tation is used to pay these people. the health code and the fire code," she said. center of its kind in the United States. It is. But halfway houses generally do their work The only trouble is that the rehabilitation Some others who work at West Side are on the department of hospital's pay roll. in the slums. What of teenage addiction in work it does is almost nil. Even in such a limited facility as West Side, better-income groups? An addict who reports there for the first time comes from the subway at 96th Street paperwork is such a factor that a person is TEENAGERS employed almost full time, Mr. Patrick says, and Broadway. On both sides of the avenue merely to account for the half-dozen people "I frankly admit I just don't know what as he exits are cafeterias, which he has been on the hospital payroll. my problem with the middle class is," says told at times were two of the best places to Dr. Hess. But she does know the prob­ "cop" heroin in the city. Police in the 24th Though this is a center where a primary lem with teenagers: "How do I prevent these precinct have recently kept the area clear of concern is recordkeeping and research work, kids," is the way she puts it, "from using sellers, but the corner is still a gathering three of the four stenographers assigned to everything under the sun?" place for addicts and ex-addicts. the unit cannot even type. In her fight against addiction, Dr. Hess For more than a year, a full-time social­ speali::s on an average of once a week, some­ A NO. 25 SPIKE worker was included in departmental budg­ times more often, to any group, large or Standing in front of the entrance to the ets for the center, but no one was hired. small, that requests a speaker on narcotics, center, street talk is invariably drug talk. This was typical of the limitations under from the health department. She has also Nellie, a 60-year-old addict, says she got a which the center had to operate. The center commissioned a freelance writer to prepare new No. 25 "spike" (hypodermic) for Christ­ still has no occupational or vocational thera­ five pamphlets for the narcotic3 coordinator's mas. Jack wants to talk about the great days pist, though such skilled people are crucial office. They deal with, she says, pep pills, of addiction and the times he had when to any rehabil1tation program. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE 11993

What West Side does have is a number of trouble is with the inability to de~elop mean­ crease to 20.7 percent from 17.1 percent doctors paid to devote a specific number of ingful programs even within facilities, like for the same 9-month period in 1964. man-hours to work at the center. They West Side, that the city 1s providing funds Last October, President Johnson com­ examine and treat patients for physical dis­ to support. eases, supervise limited group therapy ses­ Exactly how grim the tangled forest in the mended the Department of Defense for sions with patients in the day-care program city narcotics coordinator's office can be was its fiscal 1964 activities on behalf of and occasionally treat a patient on an in­ evident not long ago. small business. From present indica­ dividual basis. Anxious to further the care New York was tions, the current fiscal year may be Because payroll represents more than 90 providing for addicts after they left city even better for small business. We are percent of Dr. Hess' budget for addictive hospitals, on March 11, Mayor Wagner sent pleased to note that the Department of diseases, West Side is pitifully lacking in to the board of estimate registration No. Defense heeded our Government pro­ physical facilities. Its budget request, sub­ 6606 (vol. 139) requesting $305,587 "to pro­ curement Subcommittee's recommenda­ mitted to Dr. Hess on October 19, 1964, tells vide new services in an area of addictive part of the story. In addition to requests for control." tion in its report at the close of the last an occupational therapist, the center said it It was, of course, a program that would Congress, which stated that the De­ needed such basic materials as nine desks parallel the methods of the West Side Re­ partment "must continue to aggressively for staff members, a conference table, a habilitation Center and this one would be in enforce its small business prime pro­ half dozen lamps, and three filing cabinets to the Bronx, starting later this year. Brook­ curement program during 1965 to main­ add to the one allotted for the entire facility. lyn, the mayor said, will get its rehabilitation tain or better its 1964 results in the face Cooking, one of the therapeutic activities Dr. center, too, also modeled after West Side. of expected further curtailment in de­ Hess has prescribed for patients, also creates If the city follows present plans, this one fense spending in 1965." some problems. As the budget pointed out, will be set up in 1966. the only room available for this was without Sherman Patrick's view, based on his ex­ In recognition of National Small windows or proper ventilation and the center perience at West Side, was never communi­ Business Week, ·the Secretary of Defense had no fan. cated to Mayor Wagner. has urged the military departments to west Side's present facilities include a He says what he has to say clearly enough. join in honoring the role of small busi­ ping-pong table, a television set donated by a "I think they should close this facility," ness in the U.S. defense mission. This staff member, and a magazine reading rack. says Sherman Patrick. "The way things are is in line with our continuing interest It has no real recreational facilities. It has now, we're just spending a lot of money and in small business. no facilities for woodworking, machine lath­ fooling the public." The achievements of small business ing, or any other machinery that could be "In war," Napoleon once warned his staff, used to provide addicts with work in which "a great disaster indicates a great culprit." will receive· our attention throughout· they might take pride. There are no culprits in New York, because the year. We must be sure that small But despite the center's handicaps, Mr. this city's attack on addiction is not really a business continues viable and continues Patrick says there are patients who, after a war at all. to make a meaningful contribution to year in the day-care program, are ready to our economy and people. be trained for a job. But there is literally no place in the city of New York for them to NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS WEEK go. THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF REA "It's like Charley Brown and the football," Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. Patrick says. "Here this guy has· worked unanimous consent that the gentleman Mr., KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask to keep himself clean and we've spent time from New York [Mr. MULTER] may ex­ unanimous consent that the gentleman and money to·help him keep clean and help tend his remarks at this point in the from Iowa [Mr. HANSEN] may extend his him get at some of his problems. He's ready remarks at this point in the RECORD and to move ahead and he steps up to kick the RECORD and include extraneous matter. ball. What happens? Somebody pulls it The SPEAKER. Is there objection include extraneous matter. away and he ·rans fiat on his face. Where to the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection does he go? Back on drugs." New Jersey? to the request of the gentleman from · Another problem tends to further distort There was no objection. New Jersey? the city's official picture of the addict. The Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, this is There was no objection. average age of patients at West Side is 37, National Small Business Week by proc­ Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, almost 20 years older than the younger ad­ lamation of President Johnson. It is I wish to pay tribute t;o one of the great dicts police believe are at the root of the social and economic programs started crime problem. Most doctors believe that, fitting at this time that we honor after 35, addicts tend to "mature out" on achievements on behalf of small busi- by the Congress whose 30th anniversary their own, change their values, and give up ness. .· was celebrated May 11 of this year. drugs. The age of its patients are another Small business produces one-third of When the Rural Electrification Ad­ factor in the meaninglessness of the West our Nation's goods and services and is ministration started in 1935, the percent­ Side program. a principal source of employment and age of farms in Iowa with electric serv­ NO PLACE TO GO opportunity for our people. our Gov­ ice was only slightly more than the na­ "We're supposed to be a rehabilitation ernment is the largest purchaser of tional average of 10.9 percent. However, center," says Mr. Patrick, "and we get people goods and services in the American mar­ the real surge forward ro· lighten the in an age group that have the least potential ket, and the manner in which it exercises work of the farm wife and to add electric for rehabilitation. They're not only the old­ this function profowidly affects the power to the farmer's production capa­ est, but the people with the fewest skills. destiny of the Nation. bility arrived with the availability of And even when we do succeed, there is just REA loans to finance construction, on a no place to send them." Through the years, as a Member of New York's narcotics coordinator may or the House Select Committee on Small greater scale than heretofore attempted. may not know all this. She visited the city's Business, I have studied the small busi­ Iowa was represented among the very only rehabilitation center exactly twice last ness programs of the military and civil­ first grot.;tp of loans to be grant~d from year, once for a Christmas party and once ian agencies. work relief funds at the disposal of to introduce a consultant from her home­ In 1964, prime contract awards to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It town, Philadelphia. Dr. Hess is the central business firms by these agencies were was the Central Iowa Power Co., of Des official source of narcotics information in $35 billion, of which the Defense Depart­ Moines; which, 3 months after receiving New York City, but she also has not held a single full staff conference in the last year, ment awarded $27 billion. Defense approval of the loan, energized the first and many on the staff say that this has not awards to small business were $4.8 bil­ line December 15, 1935. helped morale any. lion, or 18 percent. This represents an After 30 years of devoted effort by New York's narcotics addiction problem is increase in dollars and percentages for hundreds of Iowa farm leaders working indeed, in the mayor's words, a "tangled small business over the previous year in with the REA staff, we can proudly say forest." But the tangle does not arise simply the face of a decrease in Defense De­ our State is now 99 percent electrified. because there is no absolute cure, no single partme!}t procurements. It has taken 58 REA electric borrowers, solution to narcotics addiction. Most ex­ During the first 9 months of 1965, we including 55 cooperatives, to reach this perts agree that there are many paths to follow to a solution, many programs that again witnessed an increase in prime goal of almost 100 percent electrification. could facilitate real care and possibly even contract awards to small business de­ Over 150,000 rural ·Iowa consumers are cures for addicts. spite a decrease in Defense spending. being served over 61,000 miles of lines. But part of the trouble is that basic re­ Procurements decreased $1.6 billion It has required a quarter of a billion search the city might have done, and could while small business awards increased dollars of investment to make this un­ still do, is totally lacking. More of the $345 million. This represents an in- excelled electric service p0ssible. all of 11994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 27, 1965 which is being repaid with interest, ahead and growth of our gross national prod­ the Federal Government has the power of schedule and without a single borrower uct. to control this activity. It is also clear overdue in its repayments. That is a As REA looks forward to its future that the Federal Government has an fiscal record of which I am sure we all help in the fields of electric and tele­ obligation to exercise this power. can be proud. · phone services, I want to express my pro­ The Clay-Liston fight proved the ne­ Iowa. has also made use of REA's tele­ found admiration for what has been ac­ cessity for Federal standards to protect phone program. There are 50 telephone complished and to wish the agency and the public from being cheated. There system borrowers who have been ap­ its dedicated staff many more years of are other pressing considerations. proved for over $45 million to build mod­ fruitful activity. We need a National Boxing Commis­ em, automatic dial telephone service sioner to eliminate the infiuence of benefiting 100,000 subscribers. Of this racketeers. number 13,000 are receiving telephone EXPLORER SCOUTS OF BRIDGE­ In addition, often boxers, who are not service for the first time. PORT. CONN. physically capable of fighting, are al­ At the beginning of this year Iowa Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask lowed to fight at great risk to their physi­ electric consumers had made a total of unanimous consent that the gentleman cal and mental well-being and in some $106 million in payments on their Gov­ from Connecticut [Mr. IRWIN] may ex­ cases even their lives. ernment loans. This sum included $56 tend his remarks at this point in the The States have recognized the need million repaid in principal as due plus RECORD and include extraneous matter. for some form of policing of this sport. $18 million of principal paid ahead of The SPEAKER. Is there objection However, State boxing commissions have contract schedule. In addition to these to the request of the gentleman from time and time again proven inadequate. principal repayments, Iowans through New Jersey? In· addition, State commissions have no their use of electricity had paid in in­ There was no objection. power over the showing of closed-cir-' terest to the U.S. Treasury a total of $32 Mr. ffiWIN. Mr. Speaker, a group of cuit television in the State. Overall co­ million. young Explorer Scouts in Bridgeport, ordination and supervision is clearly Thus the first three decades of rural Conn., is importing 40 troubador uni­ needed. electrification reveal that the foresight forms from Mexico. I am asking that Today I have again introduced legisla­ of the Congress in providing these pro­ they be relieved of paying the 42.5 per­ tion to establish, in the Department of grams of electric and telephone service cent customs duty on the apparel worth Justice, the Office of the National Box­ has changed the entire living and work­ about $1,0-00. ing Commissioner. I sponsored similar ing standards of rural America, enabled The Scouts have founded a drum and legislation in the 87th and 88th Con­ our agriculture to outproduce the world, bugle corps. They are studying and gresses. This legislation is the product and make possible living standards in playing the music of Latin America. To of the dedication of one of our greatest the country that are comparable to those strike a p.ote of authenticity, they wish Senators, the late Senator Estes Kefauver in our cities and suburbs. to wear the troubador uniform. At­ with whom I worked very closely on this Although we may rejoice over the tempts were made to procure these in the matter. In fact, in June of 1961 I testi­ success of REA we cannot lose sight of United States. None could be found on fied before the Kefauver committee on the fact that much remains to be done the retail market. It would cost ap­ behalf of this bill. If the Congress had in this far-reaching activity. Where are proximately $4,000 to have them custom followed the leadership of Senator the additional supplies of electric energy made in this country. This is too high Kefauver the ludicrous performance of to come from? For every 8 to 1O years for the Troubadors. last Tuesday night might have been the energy requirements of rural con­ The Troubadors Drum and Bugle Corps avoided. sumers is doubling and more and more is a nonprofit organization, sustaining Under this legislation the National sources of cheap energy must be found itself by the more tedious and low-profit Boxing Commissioner would have the au­ or created. methods of fundraising-as paper drives thority to grant licenses where the is­ In 1953 monthly consumption on Iowa and cake sales. suance of licenses "is not contrary to the REA-financed lines per consumer was One of the most compelling reasons for public interest or the interest of the law­ 317 kilowatt-hours. By 1963 the aver­ helping this group is in the nature of the ful conduct of activities in professional age had risen to 679 kilowatt-hours, or city, Bridgeport, in which they live. boxing." The bill provides criminal' more than double. So the work of REA Bridgeport, like many cities, is taking penalties for those who participate di­ and its need is not done because there is action to combat its poverty. To meet rectly or indirectly in professional box­ a continuing objective to provide ade­ poverty's challenge, we must encourage ing without receiving a license from the quate service under rates and conditions groups as the Explorer Scouts. National Boxing Commissioner. The comparable to those available in urban In addition, that cultural diversity and Boxing Commissioner is also authorized communities. interest which we are trying to promote to establish standards for the physical Congress should not hamper this pro­ across the country is dependent on such examination of boxers. He would have gram with restrictions that are de­ international contributions. supervisory authority over boxing con­ manded by its critics who do not have It is for this reason, that I ask for tracts and other matters pertaining to the best interest of the farmer at heart. relief on this single shipment of uni­ the sport of boxing. Low consumer density and low revenue forms. I urge the Judiciary Committee to hold per mile make the service job harder for hearings on this bill, and hope that it will be promptly enacted. REA borrowers than for other groups in NEED FOR NATIONAL BOXING the power business. REA borrowers in Iowa serve only 2 .5 consumers per mile COMMISSIONER and average $511 in revenue per mile. Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE This compares to 29.6 consumers and imous consent to address the House for $6,105 per mile for class A and B com­ 1 minute and to revise and extend my By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ mercial utilities. remarks. sence was granted to Mr. FLYNT (at the request of Mr. STEPHENS) for today, on When we consider that for every dol­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection account of official business. lar of REA loans invested in these Iowa to the request of the gentleman from systems, consumers have invested $5 in New York? house wiring and electric appliances and There was no objection. equipment, we can see what impetus Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, the time is SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED has been given our economy. Nationwide long overdue for the Federal Govern­ By unanimous consent, permission to surveys show that these REA-financed ment to regulate the sport of boxing. address the House, following the legisla- - lines are making pos.sible over a billion The Clay-Liston fight, with its incredible tive program and any special orders dollar market a year for new electric blunders and mismanagement, is just heretofore entered, was granted to: equipment, a fiow of dollars that reaches another example of the need for a Na­ Mr. PUCINSKI, for 5 minutes, today. into every industrial center of the Na­ tional Boxing Commissioner. The following Members means of resolving the critical shortage of estate of Donovan C. Moffett; with amend­ Mr. CALLAN in two instances. qualified manpower in the field of correc­ ment (Rept. No. 390). Referred to the Com­ tional rehabilitation; without amendment Mr ~ STEPHENS. mittee of the Whole House. (Rept. No. 381). Referred to the Committee Mr. HUTCHINSON~ Committee on the Ju­ Mr. FRIEDEL. of the Whole House on the State of the diciary. H.R. 2913. A bill for the relief of Lt. Mr.IRWIN. Union. Thomas A. Farrell, U.S. Navy, and others; Mr.HOWARD. Mr. SENNER: Committee on the Judiciary. without amendment (Rept. No. 391). Re­ H.R. 5024. A bill to amend titles 10 and 14, ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. United States Code, and the MiUtary Per­ Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ SENATE BILL REFERRED sonnel and Civilian Employees' Claims Act ciary. H.R. 3103. A bill for the relief of Jo­ of 1964, with respect to the settlement of . anne Marie Evans; with amendment (Rept. A bill of the Senate of the following claims against the United States by mem­ No. 392). Referred to the Committee of the title was taken from the Speaker's table bers of the uniformed services and civilian Whole House. and, under the rule, referred as follows: officers and employees. of the United States Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ S. 1689. An act to a.mend paragraph (a) of for damage to, or loss of, personal property ciary. H.R. 3750. A bill for the relief of the act of March 4, 1913, as amended by the incident to their service, and for other pur­ certain individuals; with amendment (Rept. act of January 31, 1931 (16 U.S.C. 502); to poses; with amendment (Rep-t. No. 382). No. 393) . Referred to the Committee of the Committee on _Agriculture. Referred to the Committee of the Whole the Whale House. House on the State of the Union. Mr. McCLORY:· Committee on the Judi­ Mr. ASHMORE: Committee on the Judi­ ciary. H.R. 3900. A bill for the relief of Jong ciary. H.R. 5252. A bill to pro.vide for the Wan Lee; with amendment (Rept. No. 394). ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED . relief of certaln enlisted members of the Referred to the Committee of the Whole Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee Air Force; with amendment (Rept. No. 383). House. · on House Administration, reported that Referred to the Commlttee of the Whole Mr. KING of New York: Committee on the House on the State of the Union. Judiciary. H.R. 4027. A bill for the relief that committee had examined and found Mr. TAYLOR: Committee on Iilterior and of Capt. Ted M . Richardson, U.S. Air Force; truly enrolled bills of the House of the Insular Affairs. H.R. 903. A bill to add cer­ without amendment (Rept. No. 395). Re­ following titles, which were thereupon taln lands to the Klngs Canyon National ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. signed by the Speaker: Park ln the State of California, and for other Mr. KING of New York: Committee on the H.R. 806. An act to amend the Textile Fiber . purposes;. with amendment (Rept. No. 384). Judiciary. H .R. 4028. A bill for the relief of Products ldentification Act to permlt the Referred to the Committee of the Whore Capt. Richard A. Ingram and Capt. Arthur listing on labels of certain fibers constituting House on the State of the Union. R. Sprott, Jr., U.S. Air Force; without amend­ less than 5 percent of a textile fiber prod­ Mr. CELLER: Committee on the Judiciary. ment (Rept. No. 396). Referred to the Com­ uct; H.R. 5280. A bill to provide for exemptions mittee of the Whole House. H.R. 6691. An act to validate certain pay­ from the antitrust laws to assist in safe­ Mr. KING of New York: Committee on the ments made to emproyees of tlle Forest Serv­ guarding the balance-of-payments position Judiciary. H.R. 4029. A bill for the relief of ice, U.S. Department of Agriculture; and · of the United States; with amendment Lt. Col. John E. McRoberts and T. Sgt. H.R. 7031. An act to provide for the estab­ (Rept. No. 385). Referred to the Committee ffarold c_ Fisher, Jr., U.S. Air Force; without lishment and operation of a National Tech­ of the Whole House on the State of the amendment (Rept. No. 397) • Referred to nical Instrtute far the Deaf". Union. the Committee ot the Whole House. Mr. RI.VERS of South Carolina. Committee Mr. GILBERT: Committee on the Judi­ en Armed Services. H.R. 8439. A bill to au­ ciary. H.R. 4070. A bill for the relie:r of thorize certain construction at military in­ Dedrick A. Maanum.; with amendment (Rept. ADJOURNMENT stallations, and for other purposes; with No. 398). Referred to the Committee of the Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, I move amendment (Rept. No. 386). Referred to Whole House. the Committee of the Whole House on the Mr. ASHMORE: Committee on the Judi­ that the House do now adjourn. State of the Union. ciary_ H.R. 4324. A bill for ihe relief of Lt. The motion was agreed to; accordingly Mr. ROONEY of New York: Committee on Col. John w _cassell, U.S. Army; with amend­ the Committee of the Whole House. By Mr. GREIGG: title; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Mr. KING of New York: Committee on H.R. 8620. A bill to amend the Agricultural By Mr. CORBETT: the Judiciary. H.R. 7435. A bill for the re­ Act of 1949 and the Agricultural Adjustment H.R. 8634. A b111 to provide premium pay lief of Col. Thomas 0. Lawton, Jr., U.S. Air Act of 1938, to take into consideration floods under specified conditions to certain em­ Force; without amendment (Rept. No. 418). and other natural disasters in reference to ployees in the postal field service, and for Referred to the Committee of the Whole the feed grains, cotton, and wheat programs other purposes; to the Committee on Post House. for 1965; to the Committee on Agriculture. Office and Civil Service. May 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11997

By Mr. HARRIS: . By Mr. LINDSAY: H.R. 8642. A bill !or the relfe! of Col. H .R. 8635. A bill to establish and pre­ H.J. Res. 489. Joint resolution to provide Eugene F. Tyree., U.S. Air Force (retired); scribe the duties of a Federal Boxing Com­ !or the development of Ellis Island as a part to the Committee on the Judiciary. mission for the purpose of insuring that the of the Statue of Liberty National Monu­ By Mr. BRADEMAS: channels of interstate commerce are free ment, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H.R. 8643. A bill for the relie! a! Grigorios. from false or fraudulent descriptions or mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 'li'sioros; to the Committee on the Judiciary. depictions of professional boxing contests; to By Mr. GONZALEZ: By Mr. BURTON of Utah: the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H.J. Res. 490. Joint resolution extending H.R. 8644. A bill for the relief of certain Commerce. recognition to the international exposition, individuals employed by a contractor of the By Mr. MCCLORY: HemisFair 1968, and authorizing the Presi­ Forest Service who were not paid for their H.R. 8636. A bill to amend section 1(14) dent to issue a proclamation calling upon the .services; to the Committee on the Judiciary. (a) of the Interstate Commerce Act to in­ several States of the Union and foreign coun­ By Mr. COLLIER: sure the . adequacy of the national railroad tries to take part in the exposition; to the H.R. 8645. A bill for the relief of Petros D. freight car supply, and for other purposes; Committee on Foreign Affairs. Dimitra Roumeliotis (Romas); to the Com­ to the Committee on Interstate and. For­ By Mr. BELL: mittee on the Judiciary. eign Commerce. H.J. Res. 491. Joint resolution · to require By Mr. GILBERT: Ry Mr. SIKES: Members of Congress to file at the beginning H.R. 8646. A bill for the. relief of Rifkiu H.R. 8637. A bill to provide that certain of each regulal' session of each Congress a Textiles Corp.; to the Committee on the surplus property of the United States may financial statement and a statement of busi­ Judiciary. be donated !or park or recreational pur­ ness dealings with the Federal Government; By Mr. IRWIN: poses; to the Committee on Government to the Committee on Rules. H.R. 8647. A bill for the relief of the Trou­ Operations. H.J. Res. 492. Joint resolution proposing badors Drum and Bugle Corps of Bridgeport, By Mr. TUPPER: an amendment to the Constitution of the Conn.; to the Committee on Ways and Means. H.R. 8638. A bill to amend section 316 of United States relative to equal rights for men By Mr. McCARTHY: the Social Security Amendments of 1958 to and women; to the Committee on the Ju­ diciary. H.R. 8648. A bill for the relief of Dr. Ramon extend the time within which teachers and K. Tan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. other employees covered by the same retire­ By Mr. MICHEL: H. Res. 403. Resolution to authorize the By Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina: ment system in the State of Maine may be Committee on the Judiciary to conduct an H.R. 8649. A bill for the relief of Eugene treated as being covered by separate retire­ J. Bennett; to the Committee on the Judi­ ment systems for purposes of the old-age, investigation and study of all aspects of pro­ fessional boxing; to the Committee on Rules. ciary. survivors, and disability insurance pro­ By Mr. RODINO: gram; to the Committee on Ways and Means. H .R. 8650. A bill for the relief of Mother By Mr. ROONEY of New York: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Narcisia (Gregoria Rodriguez); to the Com­ H.R. 8639. A bill making appropriations for mittee on the Judiciary. the Departments of State, Justice, and Com­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. SCHEUER= merce, the judiciary, and related .agencies for bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 8651. A bill for the relief of Kim the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and for severally referred as follows: Diana Moody; to the Committee on the other purposes. By Mr. ASHMORE: Judiciary. By Mr. DYAL: H.R. 8640. A bill for the relief of Chief M. By Mr.SISK: H.J. Res. 488. Joint resolution proposing Sgt. Robert J. Becker, U.S. Air Force; to the H.R. 8652. A bill for the relief of certain an amendment to the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary. employees and former employees of the De­ United States relative to equal rights for men H.R. 8641. A bill for the relief of Maj. Der­ partment of the Interior, National Park Serv­ and women; to the Committee on the rill des. Trenholm, Jr., U.S. Air Force; to the ice, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. tee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Basis for Support of Tax Cut volved will also pass the reductions to der the domination of all three they suf­ the consumers. fered, yet in suffering they hoped to find EXTENSION OF REMARKS This will mean more money in the their national salvation. During all that 011' pockets of our consumers and will pro­ time they steadfastly clung to their na­ vide a lift to our economy. tional traditions and ideals: their Chris­ HON. CLAIR CALLAN I support this measure on this basis, tian faith and their-love of freedom. The OF NEBRASKA Mr. Speaker, secure in the knowledge more they were oppressed, the more firm­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that our people and the economy will ly they believed that some day and some­ be the beneficiaries. how their day of freedom would come. Thursday, May 27, 1965 That day came at the end of the First Mr. CALLAN. Mr. Speaker, there has World War. been pro.posed a $3.5 billion tax cut and During that war most of the Armenians I think it is important that we under­ Armenian Independence Day in the Asfatic provinces of Turkey­ stand the basis for our support for this actually ancient Armenia-were deport­ measure. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ed and massacred. In this holocaust This proposal follows the income tax OF about 1 million Armenians lost their lives cut of 1964 of $14 billion. Following and several hundred thousands of the ~hat change,_ consumer buying rose by HON. JAMES J. HOWARD survivors escaped to the Caucasus. the $28 billion, business investment in plants 011' NEW JERSEY northern part of Armenia then under and equipment rose $6.5 billion, and em­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Russian domination. As a result of the ployment increased by 2 million and un­ Thursday, May 27, 1965 Russian Revolution and the collapse of employment was reduced to new lows~ czarist .authority there, Armenians felt This Nation has enjoyed the longest con­ Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the free to take their destiny into their hands tinued stretch of economic expansion Armenians have been one of the most and proclaim their independence. That in many years. persecuted of all peoples in known his­ was done on May 28, 1918. At the time The most recent proposal to reduce tory, and have suffered most in their his­ the Armenians were fighting the Turks, taxes will have, we are told, similarly toric homeland under conquering alien and the population of the country con­ beneficial effects on our economy. oppressors. They had lost their national sisted mostly of refugees. Under such In addition to these predicted effects independence more than a century before difficult circumstance the. existence of on our economy, I have received assur­ Columbus discovered America, and since the new state was most precarious. But ances that the reductions in the taxes on then most of them have been living in in the midst of insurmountable diftlcul­ local and long distance telephone calls dispersion. Their country was divided ties the leaders of reclaimed Armenia will be passed on t;o_ the consumers and among their three powerful neighbors-­ struggled hard, and did manage to carry I expect that the other businesses in- the Turks, Persians and Russians. Un- on for about 2 years. Then the turn of