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The Current Status and Impact of 3D Prinitng Within the Industrial CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Bournemouth University Research Online The Current Status and Impact of 3D Printing Within the Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Six Case Studies Research commissioned by the Intellectual Property Office, and carried out by: Phil Reeves and Dinusha Mendis Study II March 2015 This is an independent report commissioned by the Intellectual Property Office (IPO). Findings and opinions are those of the researchers, not necessarily the views of the IPO or the Government. © Crown copyright 2015 Intellectual Property Office is an operating name of the Patent Office 2015/41 ISBN: 978-1-908908-86-5 The Current Status and Impact of 3D Printing Within Dr. Phil Reeves is Managing Director of Econolyst Ltd, the Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Six Case Studies Derbyshire UK www.econolyst.co.uk Published by The Intellectual Property Office E-mail: [email protected] March 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dr. Dinusha Mendis is Associate Professor in Law and Co-Director of the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy © Crown Copyright 2015 and Management (CIPPM), Bournemouth University, UK You may re-use this information (excluding logos) microsites.bournemouth.ac.uk/cippm/ free of charge in any format or medium, under the E-mail: [email protected] terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov. This is the second of a sequence of three reports on the intellectual uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or email: [email protected] property implications of 3D printing commissioned to evaluate policy options in relation to online platforms and selected business sectors. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Study I presents a legal and an empirical analysis of 3D printing online platforms; Study II offers an insight into the current status and Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: impact of 3D printing within selected business sectors by employing a case study approach; the Executive Summary provides a summary The Intellectual Property Office of the findings of Studies I and II and provides conclusions and Concept House Cardiff Road recommendations for Government, Intermediaries (online platforms) Newport and Industry. NP10 8QQ Tel: 0300 300 2000 The research outputs are the result of the IPO commissioned project Fax: 01633 817 777 (Ref: CT-RES-024) awarded to CIPPM, Bournemouth University and carried out by Dr. Dinusha Mendis, Dr. Davide Secchi and Dr. Phil e-mail: [email protected] Reeves. This publication is available from our website at www.gov.uk/IPO Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Sophie Jones, Belinda Johnson and Loic Le Merlus of Econolyst Ltd for their research assistance. Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Background to 3D Printing................................................................................................ 1 The Benefits of 3D Printing ............................................................................................... 1 The Applications of 3D Printing in Industry ........................................................................ 2 Making in the Home ......................................................................................................... 2 The Intellectual Property Considerations of Industrial and Home 3D Printing ...................... 3 Research Methodology ..................................................................................................... 3 Report Structure ............................................................................................................... 3 REPLACEMENT PARTS ........................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION TO REPLACEMENT PARTS .................................................................... 5 Intellectual Property Implications in the Replacement Parts Market .................................... 6 Implications for Design Rights-Registered Design .............................................................. 6 Implications for Unregistered Design Rights ...................................................................... 8 Implications for Trade Mark Law ....................................................................................... 9 Implications for Passing Off............................................................................................... 11 Case Study I: ........................................................................................................... 12 The Automotive Aftermarket: 3D Printing Parts ................................................................. 12 What is the Automotive Aftermarket? ................................................................................ 12 The Scale of the Automotive Aftermarket .......................................................................... 12 The Dynamics of the Automotive Aftermarket .................................................................... 13 Drivers to Additive Manufacturing Adoption in the Automotive Aftermarket ........................ 14 Use Cases of Additive Manufacturing Within the Automotive Sector .................................. 15 The Limitations of Using AM to Support the Vehicle Aftermarket ........................................ 16 Data Considerations Constraining AM Adoption within the Aftermarket ............................. 19 The Industry Viewpoint ..................................................................................................... 19 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 21 Case Study II: .......................................................................................................... 23 The Domestic Appliances Aftermarket: Using Home Based 3D Printing ............................. 23 What is the Domestic Appliance Aftermarket? ................................................................... 23 The Scale of the Domestic Appliance Aftermarket ............................................................. 24 Drivers to 3D Printing Adoption ......................................................................................... 24 Use Cases of 3D Printing in the Domestic Aftermarket ...................................................... 25 The Limitations of 3D Printing in the Domestic Appliance Aftermarket ................................ 25 The Industry Viewpoint ..................................................................................................... 27 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 28 CUSTOMISED GOODS ............................................................................................ 29 INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOMISED GOODS..................................................................... 29 Intellectual Property Implications Relating to Customised Goods ....................................... 30 Implications for Copyright Law .......................................................................................... 30 Patent Law – Implications for the 3D Sector ...................................................................... 32 Implications for Trade Mark Law ...................................................................................... 34 Case Study III: ......................................................................................................... 35 Engaging the Consumer: When We All Become Designers ................................................ 35 Why Will Consumers Become Designers? ......................................................................... 35 The Scale of the Market .................................................................................................... 36 Use Cases of Additive Manufacturing in Personalised Product Creation ............................. 38 MakiLab ........................................................................................................................... 38 N-E-R-V-O-U-S System .................................................................................................... 39 UCODO ............................................................................................................................ 39 The Limitation to AM Adoption Within the Consumer Goods Market .................................. 40 The Industry Viewpoint ..................................................................................................... 41 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 42 Case Study IV: ......................................................................................................... 43 Scanning and Reverse Engineering: Taking the Tangible Back into the Electronic ............... 43 What is Scanning and Reverse Engineering? ..................................................................... 43 The Scale of the Market .................................................................................................... 44 The Barriers to Scanning Adoption ................................................................................... 45 The Industry Viewpoint ....................................................................................................
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