Current Status of Single Particle Imaging with X-Ray Lasers
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Electron Microscopy Workflows: from Single Particle Analysis to Volume Imaging
Electron microscopy workflows: from single particle analysis to volume imaging Kristian Wadel History 1949 – World’s first production TEM introduced FEI Company: global reach, many applications FEI Life Science segmentation The importance of scale Small organisms and tissues: millimeters Cell: ≈300 µm3 3 Tomogram: ≈0.4 µm Top image: Courtesy of D. McCarthy, University College London Middle and bottom: Courtesy of J. Mahamid, J. Plitzko and W. Baumeister, MPI for Biochemistry Organism Tissue Glomerulus Cell Synapse Vesicle Lipid bi-layer (~10 mm) (~1 mm) (~100 μm) (~10 μm) (~500nm) (~30nm) (4.3nm) Resolution - Z Resolution limit resin embedded specimen 5 STEM Tomo TEM Tomo DualBeam FIB tomography 10 Serial Blockface SEM 50 Serial Section SEM Serial Section TEM Superresolution LM 100 500 Light Microscopy 10.000.000 1.000.000 100.000 10.000 1.000 100 10 1 Volume size (µm3) Structure size (nm) FEI Life Science portfolio TEM Tecnai Talos Talos Artica Titan Halo Titan Krios SEM SDB Inspect Quanta NovaNano Teneo Verios Scios Helios CLEM Software CorrSight iCorr Living bio. sample Chemical Cryo- Cryo fixation fixation protection Preembedd. Rehydration labelling Freeze- Dehydration Freezing Freeze drying CEMOVIS substitution Humbel, UNIL Lausanne Resin Freeze embedding fracture Cryo- Critical point sectioning drying Adapted from slideAdapted from of Bruno Thawed Whole mount Frozen Resin section section replica hydrated TEM applications Cell & Tissue Classical 2D Tomography Correlative Microscopy Biology Negative Staining Immuno-labeling Cryo-TEM -
The High Energy-Density Instrument at the European XFEL U
The High Energy-Density instrument at the European XFEL U. Zastrau1, K. Appel1, C. Baehtz2, N. Biedermann1, T. Feldmann1, S. Göde1, Z. Konôpková1, M. Makita1, E. Martens1, W. Morgenroth4, M. Nakatsutsumi1, A. Pelka2, T. Preston1, A. Schmidt1, M. Schölmerich1, C. Strohm4, K. Sukharnikov1, I. Thorpe1, T. Toncian2, and the HIBEF user consortium4 1European XFEL, Germany 2HZDR, Germany 3Univ. Frankfurt, Germany 4http:\\www.hibef.de Science case The science scope of the HED instrument focuses on states of matter at high density, temperature, pressure, electric and/or magnetic field. Major applications are high- pressure planetary physics, warm- and hot- dense matter, laser-induced relativistic plasmas and complex solids in pulsed magnetic fields. These extreme states can be reached by different types of optical lasers, the X-ray FEL beam and pulsed coils. User operation at the HED instrument is foreseen to start in Q2 2019. Properties of XFEL undulator for HED (SASE2) X-ray diagnostics available at HED SASE2 undulator X-ray diffraction Hard X-ray source 3 – 25 keV photon energy, 10-3 SASE bandwidth, 10-5 self-seeded IC1: gain-switching in-vacuum tiled detectors (ePIX 100, Jungfrau), motorized Repetition rate 10 Hz bunch trains with up to 2700 pulses IC1 and IC2: large area detectors in air (or in air pocket in vacuum): Perkin-Elmer Pulse energy 108 – 1013 X-ray photons per pulse / 100 nJ – few mJ GaAs AGIPD on detector bench with central hole (220-ns framing to record bunch pattern) Pulse duration 2 to 100 fs (correlates with bunch charge) -
The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Technical Design Report
XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Technical design report Editors: Massimo Altarelli, Reinhard Brinkmann, Majed Chergui, Winfried Decking, Barry Dobson, Stefan Düsterer, Gerhard Grübel, Walter Graeff, Heinz Graafsma, Janos Hajdu, Jonathan Marangos, Joachim Pflüger, Harald Redlin, David Riley, Ian Robinson, Jörg Rossbach, Andreas Schwarz, Kai Tiedtke, Thomas Tschentscher, Ivan Vartaniants, Hubertus Wabnitz, Hans Weise, Riko Wichmann, Karl Witte, Andreas Wolf, Michael Wulff, Mikhail Yurkov DESY 2006-097 July 2007 Publisher: DESY XFEL Project Group European XFEL Project Team Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Member of the Helmholtz Association Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg Germany http://www.xfel.net E-Mail: [email protected] Reproduction including extracts is permitted subject to crediting the source. ISBN 978-3-935702-17-1 Contents Contents Authors ...................................................................................................................... vii Foreword .................................................................................................................. xiii Executive summary .....................................................................................................1 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................11 1.1 Accelerator-based light sources..................................................................11 1.2 Free-electron lasers ....................................................................................13 -
European Xfel: Accelerating Module Repair at Desy D
19th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity SRF2019, Dresden, Germany JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-211-0 doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2019-MOP034 EUROPEAN XFEL: ACCELERATING MODULE REPAIR AT DESY D. Kostin, J. Eschke, B.v.d. Horst, K. Jensch, N. Krupka, D. Reschke, S. Saegebarth, J. Schaffran, M. Schalwat, P. Schilling, M. Schmoekel, S. Sievers, N. Steinhau-Kuehl, E. Vogel, H. Weise, M. Wiencek, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany. Abstract MODULE HISTORY The European XFEL is in operation since 2017. The de- Module XM50 was delivered to DESY in January 2016 sign projected energy of 17.5 GeV was reached, even with after the assembly at CEA (Saclay). In the Table 1 CM SRF the last 4 main linac accelerating modules not yet installed. cavities are listed. During the CM assembly following 2 out of 4 not installed modules did suffer from strong cav- problems were identified: ity performance degradation, namely increased field emis- Leak at the angle valve; sion, and required surface processing. The first of two Beam line leak; modules is reassembled and tested. The module test results Beam line was pumped accidentally before warm cou- confirm a successful repair action. The module repair and pler parts were installed. test steps are described together with cavities performance Module XM50 first test in February 2016 showed a deg- evolution. radation of the cavities’ performance compared with VT results – mostly with strong gamma radiation – dark cur- INTRODUCTION rent caused by field emission (see Fig. 2, 3). Decision was The European XFEL linac is based on the TESLA SRF taken not to install and use the module XM50 in the E- technology [1, 2] and is built with accelerating Cryo-Mod- XFEL machine and re-assemble it after cavities’ re-treat- ules (CM) having 8 SRF cavities each. -
Commissioning of the European Xfel Accelerator*
Proceedings of IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark MOXAA1 COMMISSIONING OF THE EUROPEAN XFEL ACCELERATOR* W. Decking†, H. Weise, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany on behalf of the European XFEL Accelerator Consortium and Commissioning Team Abstract km downstream at the bifurcation point into the beam The European XFEL uses the world's largest supercon- distribution lines. The beam distribution provides space ducting RF installation to drive three independent SASE for 5 undulators (3 being initially installed), each feeding FELs. After eight years of construction the facility is now a separate beamline so that a fan of 5 almost parallel tun- brought into operation. First experience with the super- nels with a distance of about 17 m enters the experimental conducting accelerator as well as beam commissioning hall 3.3 km away from the electron source. results will be presented. The path to the first user exper- The European XFEL photo-injector consists of a nor- iments will be laid down. mal-conducting 1.3 GHz 1.6 cell accelerating cavity [4]. A Cs2Te-cathode is illuminated by a Nd:YLF laser oper- INTRODUCTION ating at 1047 nm and converted to UV wavelength in two conversion stages. The European XFEL aims at delivering X-rays from The photo-injector is followed by a standard supercon- 0.25 to up to 25 keV out of 3 SASE undulators [1, 2]. The ducting 1.3 GHz accelerating module and a 3rd harmonic radiators are driven by a superconducting linear accelera- linearizer, consisting of 3.9 GHz module – also supercon- tor based on TESLA technology [3]. -
Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument X-Ray
International Workshop on the Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument at the European XFEL European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France October 28-29, 2009 Report of Working Group II on X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (June 2010) Authors: Gerhard Grübel, DESY, Hamburg (Germany) Christian Schüssler-Langeheine, Universität zu Köln, Köln (Germany) with contributions from: Christian Gutt, DESY, Hamburg (Germany) Peter Wochner, MPI-MF, Stuttgart (Germany) Brian Stephenson, APS-ANL, Chicago (USA) Bogdan Sepiol, University of Vienna, Wien (Austria) Anders Madsen, ESRF, Grenoble (France) Mikhail Yurkov, DESY, Hamburg (Germany) 1 I Introduction The first International Workshop on the Materials Imaging and Dynamics Instrument at the European XFEL was held at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France on October 28-29, 2009. The scientific program started out with a general overview about the European XFEL project, followed by an introduction to the Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) Instrument that is supposed to address the needs of two communities: the coherent X-ray diffraction imaging community interested in materials science questions and the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) community interested in time domain studies. The two fields were reviewed in tutorial introductory talks by C. Gutt (XPCS) and I. Vartaniants (CXDI) in order to facilitate the discussions. The scientific cases were then re-iterated and complemented by three presentations on CXDI (S. Ravy, A. Beerlink and E. Vlieg) and on XPCS (P. Wochner, B. Stephenson and L. Cipelletti). A subsequent session on instrumentation covered X-ray optics and beam transport, and the status of area detector developments for CXDI and XPCS. -
HED Science: Experiments Using X-Ray Heating
HED science: Experiments using X-ray Heating Thomas Preston HED instrument at the European XFEL and HIBEF user consortium of the HED instrument XFEL User Meeting, Schenefeld, Germany 22nd January 2018 XFEL User Meeting, Schenefeld, Germany Thomas Preston, European XFEL, 22nd January 2019 2 The scientific agenda Laser Compression Relativistic Laser-Plasmas Advanced methods Shock & ramp compression Electron transport, Spectrometers Instabilities and filamentation, Advanced focusing NIF Particle acceleration, IXS, SAXS High EM fields Phase contrast imaging XRD, IXS, XES Long-pulse ns lasers Multi-100 TW fs lasers Diamond Anvil Cells Isochoric X-ray excitation Further projects Fast dynamic piezo DAC Transport properties, Pulsed laser heated DAC Hollow atoms, rates Double-stage DAC Isobaric heating X-ray backlighters X-ray detectors & EMP High-purity polarimetry XES, IXS, XRD … Hard XFELs Soft and hard XFELs XFEL User Meeting, Schenefeld, Germany Thomas Preston, European XFEL, 22nd January 2019 3 Isochoric heating relies on rapid energy deposition by ultrafast X-rays Energy deposition on timescale of 100fs, faster than hydrodynamic expansion (> 1ps). Electron temperatures much higher than ion temperatures. Ion density remains constant. Can determine electron density from temperature and ionization stage. For low-Z elements (Al, Mg, etc.) can heat to over 100eV accessing HDM. Create degenerate, highly-coupled plasmas. S. M. Vinko, J Plasma Physics 81, 365810501 (2015) XFEL User Meeting, Schenefeld, Germany Thomas Preston, European XFEL, 22nd January 2019 4 Absorption by focusing X-rays and probing around atomic edges and resonances Higher absorption above edges. With small focal spots, ~1um, can absorb many photons per atom. Rapid heating is achieved by thermalisation of fast Auger electrons. -
Annual Report
ANNUAL REPORT European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH T 2014 R PO E R AL ANNU GmbH XFEL European IMPRINT European XFEL Annual Report 2014 Published by European XFEL GmbH Editor in chief Massimo Altarelli Managing editor Bernd Ebeling Copy editors Kurt Ament Ilka Flegel, Textlabor, Jena Joseph W. Piergrossi Image editor Frank Poppe Coordination Joseph W. Piergrossi Frank Poppe Layout and graphics blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Photos and graphs Anton Barty, CFEL/DESY (p. 16); BINP, Novosibirsk (p. 76); A. Ferrari, HZDR (p. 125); FHH, Landesbetrieb Geoinf. und Vermessung (aerial views pp. 20–21); DESY, Hamburg (pp. 6, 12–13, 50–53, 60–61, 70–71, 77, 79, 80, 85–90, 92, 98, 184–185); DTU, Kongens Lyngby (p. 10); EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge (p. 152); Ettore Zanon S.p.A., Schio (p. 80); JJ X-Ray, Lyngby (p. 78); R. P. Kurta et al. (p. 106); PSI, Villigen (p. 78); University of Rostock (pp.15, 46) All others: European XFEL Printing Heigener Europrint GmbH, Hamburg Available from European XFEL GmbH Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany +49 (0)40 8998-6006 [email protected] www.xfel.eu/documents Copy deadline 31 December 2014 www.xfel.eu Copying is welcomed provided the source is acknowledged and an archive copy sent to the European XFEL GmbH. The European XFEL is organized as a non-profit company with limited liability under German law (GmbH) that has international shareholders. ANNUAL REPORT European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH CONTENTS 6 FOREWORD 6 Foreword by the Management Board 10 Foreword by the Council -
Technical Document 1 Attached to the European XFEL Convention Executive Summary of the Technical Design Report (Part A) and Sc
May 30, 2007 Technical Document 1 attached to the European XFEL Convention Executive Summary of the Technical Design Report (Part A) and Scenario for the Rapid Start-up of the European XFEL Facility (Part B) Introduction The XFEL Technical Design Report (TDR), adopted by the XFEL Steering Committee in July 2006, foresees a facility comprising an accelerator complex for an electron energy of up to 20 GeV (17.5 GeV in the standard operation mode), five undulator branches with ten experimental stations, and various office, laboratory and general utility buildings distributed over three different sites. An executive summary of the TDR is given in part A of this Annex to the “Convention concerning the construction and operation of a European X-ray Free- Electron Laser Facility” (XFEL Convention). The total project cost of the XFEL Facility as set out in the Technical Design Report (TDR) and in Annex 3 to the XFEL Convention amounts to 1081.6 M€, out of which 38.8 M€ for the preparation, 986.4 M€ for construction and 56.4 M€ for commissioning (all in 2005 prices). In order to begin the construction as early as possible, the Contracting Parties agreed that the facility be realised in steps, with initial commitments covering only the costs of the first step. The construction costs for the first step were set at approximately 850 M€ (instead of 986.4 M€). In part B of this Annex the characteristics of the rapid start-up scenario of the XFEL project are briefly outlined. A reference configuration, corresponding to a construction cost of 850 M€ is described; this configuration is not unique and alternative ones, all of which have construction costs not exceeding 850 M€, are also exemplified. -
Latest Advances in Image Processing for Single Particle Analysis by Electron Cryomicroscopy and Challenges Ahead
Latest advances in image processing for single particle analysis by electron cryomicroscopy and challenges ahead J.L. Vilasb , N. Tabassuma , J. Motab , D. Maluendab , A. Jim´enez-Morenob , T. Majtnerb , J.M. Carazob , S.T. Actona , C.O.S. Sorzanob;c∗ aVirginia Image and Video Analysis, Univ. of Virginia, P.O.Box 400743, Charlottesville, VA 22904, U.S.A. bBiocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog´ıa(CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, Campus Universidad Aut´onoma,28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain cBioengineering Lab, Escuela Polit´ecnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Urb. Montepr´ıncipe s/n, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain Abstract Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is essential for the study and functional un- derstanding of non-crystalline macromolecules such as proteins. These molecules cannot be imaged using X-ray crystallography or other popular methods. Cryo- EM has been successfully used to visualize molecules such as ribosomes, viruses, and ion channels, for example. Obtaining structural models of these at various conformational states leads to insight on how these molecules function. Recent advances in imaging technology have given cryo-EM a scientific rebirth. Because of imaging improvements, image processing and analysis of the resultant images have increased the resolution such that molecular structures can be resolved at the atomic level. Cryo-EM is ripe with stimulating image processing challenges. In this article, we will touch on the most essential in order to build an accurate structural three-dimensional model from noisy projection images. Traditional approaches, such as k-means clustering for class averaging, will be provided as background. With this review, however, we will highlight fresh approaches from new and varied angles for each image processing sub-problem, including a 3D reconstruction method for asymmetric molecules using just two projection ∗Corresponding author Email address: [email protected] (C.O.S. -
Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator Winfried Decking, Hans Weise - DESY for the European XFEL Accelerator Consortium and Commissioning Team
Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator Winfried Decking, Hans Weise - DESY for the European XFEL Accelerator Consortium and Commissioning Team IPAC 2017, Copenhagen Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator 2 IPAC ‘17, 15.5.2017 Winni Decking, DESY Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator European XFEL at a Glance 3 International project realised in Hamburg area, Germany 17.5 GeV superconducting linac, 500 kW beam power 27000 pulses per second in 10 Hz burst mode Three variable gap undulators for hard and soft X-rays Initially 6 equipped experiments All accelerator and beamlines in tunnels 6 -25 m below surface Experimental Hall Photon Beam Lines Beam Dumps Undulators Electron Beam Distribution Collimation Linear Accelerator Bunch Compressors Injector IPAC ‘17, 15.5.2017 Winni Decking, DESY Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator Covers photon energies from 0.25 keV to 25 keV 4 SASE3 SASE 1& SASE 2 17.5 Soft X-rays 0.25 – ≥ 3 keV Hard X-rays 3.0 – ~25 keV 14.0 Electron 12.0 Energy [GeV] 8.5 0.2 1 2 10 20 Photon Energy [keV] IPAC ‘17, 15.5.2017 Winni Decking, DESY Commissioning of the European XFEL Accelerator Project History 5 2000: First lasing at 109 nm at the Tesla Test Facility (TTF), now FLASH 2001: TESLA Linear Collider TDR with XFEL appendix 2002: TESLA TDR supplement with stand-alone XFEL 2006: European XFEL TDR 2009: Foundation of the European XFEL GmbH Start of underground construction 2010: Formation of the Accelerator Consortium: 16 accelerator institutes under the coordination of DESY 2012: End of tunnel construction Start of underground installation M. -
Materials Imaging and Dynamics Workshop
Materials Imaging and Dynamics Workshop ESRF, Grenoble October 28‐29, 2009 http://www.xfel.eu/events/workshops/mid_workshop_2009/ The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument aims at the investigation of nanosized structure and nanoscale dynamics using coherent radiation. Applications to a wide range of materials from hard to soft condensed matter and biological structures are envisaged A. Madsen, ESRF 4th XFEL User Meeting, Jan. 27, 2010 Place and time: ESRF, October 28‐29, 2009 Organizers: I. Gimbales & T. Tschentscher (XFEL), E. Jahn & A. Madsen (ESRF) 65 registered participants from Europe, USA and Japan Day 1: plenary session; Day 2 parallel sessions (CXDI and XPCS) and discussions Day 1: Plenary session 8.30 – 9.00 Registration Session I. X-Ray FELs and MID instrument CXDI: 9.00 – 9.05 H. Reichert Welcome note I. Vartaniants (DESY) 9.05 – 9.20 M. Altarelli Status of the European XFEL 9.20 – 9.45 Th. Tschentscher The MID instrument at the European XFEL S. Ravy (Soleil) 9.45 – 10.15 I. Vartaniants Coherent Diffraction Imaging using X-ray FELs A. Beerlink (Salditt, Göttingen) 10.15 – 10.45 C. Gutt Photon Correlation Spectroscopy using X-ray FELs 10.45 – 11.00 General discussion: MID instrument scope XPCS: 11.00 – 11.20 Coffee break Session II. Coherent Diffraction Imaging C. Gutt (DESY) 11.20 – 11.50 S. Ravy Coherent diffraction for condensed matter physics B. Stephenson (ANL) 11.50 – 12.20 T. Salditt imaging of supported bio-objects 12.20 – 12.50 E. Vlieg Study of the initial stages of crystallization L. Cipelletti (Montpellier) 12.50 – 14.00 Lunch Session .