Laser systems for science instruments
Max Lederer Laser Group, WP78 Leading Scientist
European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25–27 January 2017 / Main Auditorium, Building 5, DESY, Hamburg Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 2
Outline
Introduction
Lasers for experiments at the EXFEL
HI / HE lasers for HED
Pump-Probe laser
Pump-Probe laser beam delivery
Summary and outlook Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 3
Introduction 4 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 4
. 3 underground experimental areas with 3 X-ray beams . 6 experiment stations . Up to 60% of experiments require optical lasers. Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 5
Lasers for experiments at the EXFEL Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 6
MID HED Types of experimental lasers: SASE 2 PP PP TW SHOCK PP pump-probe: sub-15…300fs, mJ-class, 0…4.5MHz, 800nm UV…mid-IR, THz U1 PP-type high rep-rate, sync MAL molecular alignment: sub-20fs, 1…10mJ, 800nm („kick“) or HE/HI-type 1J-class, 10Hz ns („adiabatic“) U2 10Hz
FXE SPB 100TW high intensity (HI): SASE 1 PP MAL PP MAL <30fs, 10Hz, 100 TW–class laser, Tisa 100J high energy (HE): SCS SQS 100J … kJ-class ns-laser, 10Hz, SASE 3 PP MAL PP MAL green, exp. ramp Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 7 HE/HI-type lasers: The HED Optical Lasers Laboratory
HI LASER HE LASER
Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 8 The High-Intensity Laser System - key properties HE LASER RACKROOM HE LASER HI LASER • >100TW @ 10 Hz
11 m 11 • >300 TW @ 5 Hz • double CPA Ti:Sa • shot on demand • high redundancy • delivery end 2017, in agreement with current facility milestone HI COMP Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 9 The High-Energy Laser System - key properties HE LASER RACKROOM HI LASER HE LASER
• >100 J @ 10 m 11 Hz • 2-15 ns pulse • pulse shaping •2 conversion • delivery mid 2018, in agreement with current facility milestone HI COMP Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 10 Ultrafast burst-mode pump-probe laser
The European XFEL mode of operation: 10Hz Burst up to 2700 „e- bunches“ à 0.1…1 nC => eff. rep-rate: 27000 Hz
Match XFEL:10Hz burst, 0 – 4.5MHz Pump-probe 800nm: 15 - 300fs, mJ laser goals Arbitrary pulse pattern selection
Frequency conversion 11 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 11 Pump-Probe laser concept: fs-pumped NOPA
15 kW under investigation
1. A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, “Powerful femtosecond pulse generation by chirped and stretched pulse parametric amplification in BBO crystal,” Opt. Commun.Set 88, 437–440 point (1992) Rep-rate (MHz) NOPA ENOPA (mJ) 2. G. Cerullo and S. De Silvestri, “Ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, No. 1 (2003) 3. M.J. Lederer, M.1 Pergament, M. Kellert, and4.5 C. Mendez, “Pump–probe laser development I + IIfor the European X-Ray Free-Electron0.05 Laser Facility,“ Paper 8504-20, SPIE Conference on Optics and Photonics 2012, 12–16 August 2012, San Diego, invited talk. 4. M. Pergament,2 M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang,1.13 G. Palmer, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner,I and + M. II Lederer, “High power burst-mode0.3 optical parametric amplifier with arbitrary pulse selection,” Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 18, pp. 22202-22210 (2014) 5. M. Pergament, M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang, G. Palmer, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner, M. Emons, M. J. Lederer, “340W Femtosecond Burst-mode Non-collinear Optical Parametric3 Amplifier for the European 0.188 XFEL Pump-probe-la ser,” Advanced ISolid + StateII + Laser IIIs, 04-09. October 1.5 2015, Berlin, Germany, ATu4A.4 6. M. Pergament, G. Palmer, M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner, M. Emons, D. Kane, G. Priebe, S. Venkatesan, F. Pallas, and M. Lederer, “Versatile optical4 laser system for experiments 0.1 at the European X-ray free-electron Ilase +r facility,”II + OpticsIII Express, Vol. 2.5 24, Issue 26, pp. 29349-29359 (2016) Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 12 Setpoints 1 and 2 (NOPA I + II)
Near field
SPIDER
15fs
2.5 mm
■ Pulse energies: 80 µJ @ 4.5MHz 330 µJ @ 1.1MHz ■ Burst power: 360W (600 µs) 600µs Burst ■ Pulsewidth: 15fs ■ Spectrum: 13.8 fs Fourier-limited pulse ■ Burst-noise: 2.5 % rms ■ Burst shape: clean, arbitrary sequences possible Arbitrary sequences Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 13 Beam quality NOPA I + II
Waist Scan
■ Gaussian fit quality >94% for 15 Rayleigh ranges ■ Close to diffraction limited Gaussian beam: M2<1.1 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 14 Setpoints 3 and 4 (NOPA I + II + III)
Near field
Spider
4.2mm
■ Pulse energy: 1.8mJ @ 188kHz 3.25mJ @ 100kHz ■ Burst power: >300W (600 µs) 600µs burst ■ Pulsewidth: <15fs ■ Beam quality: M2 < 1.2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 15
NOPA dispersion management 15 Short pulse dispersion management: 15fs pulse duration pump pulse CMs
From + ” SCG - ” Bulk Fused silica Multi-stage compressor parametric amplifier
Long pulse dispersion management: 25-300fs pulse duration
pump pulse CMs
From + ” - ” SCG Transmission grating Multi-stage compressor or without parametric amplifier Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 16 NOPARange dispersion of pulse management duration from the NOPA
(a) (b)
1.41 * 60 fs
Depicted are two extreme cases: • blue curve, short pulse mode: (a) SPIDER and (b) spectrum • red curve, long pulse mode: (a) autocorrelation and (b) spectrum 1.41 * 280 fs Set point Rep-rate (MHz) NOPA E NOPA (mJ) 1 4.5 I + II 0.05 2 1.13 I + II 0.3 3 0.188 I + II + III 1.5 4 0.1 I + II + III 2.5 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 17 1030nm1030nm output pump beam and mixed-mode
1.54 * 50 fs
15 kW under investigation 1030nm uncompressed
400ps 1030nm compressed
2 sech = 850fs
Mixed-mode: e. g. 100kHz, 1mJ / 15fs / 800nm and 10mJ / 400ps / 1030nm Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 18
Pump-Probe laser beam delivery Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 19
SASE 1 FXE experiment FXE: x-ray SPB / SFX experiments
SPB: x-ray
ILH ILH sample ILH interaction
FXE instrument PP-laser hutch SPB/SFX instrument laser hutch laser hutch Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 20 Conversion
Current conversion capabilities with 100 kHz
THz generation: first experiments with PP-laser Pump: 1030nm, 800fs, 100kHz, up to 37mJ
70µJ from LiNbO3 XFEL task force, various efforts ongoing THz workshop at XFEL: 1. and 2. June 2017 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 21
First THz generation experiments using the PP-laser:
Single pulses (10 Hz) Pulse trains (100 kHz, 20 mJ)
~38 µJ
up to 70 µJ Conclusions . Generation of 70 µJ at ~0.3 THz . E-field of 1 MV/cm expected (~2 GW/cm²) . Saturation effects at high repetition rates . Conversion efficiency can be improved
[Results by THz task force at European XFEL, involving instrument, diagnostics and laser groups] Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 22 Upcoming: THz workshop Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 23
Summary and outlook Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 24
HI/HE lasers at HED/HiBEF: very good progress, lasers are on schedule
800nm burst-mode NOPA:
burst average power: >300W, burst energy: >0.2J
>3mJ single pulse energy at 100kHz
<15fs … 250fs, close to transform limited 1030nm burst-mode NOPA pump-laser:
burst average power: >4kW, burst energy: >2J
up to 40mJ single pulse energy at 100kHz
800fs or 400ps nearly diffraction limited beam quality
Four setpoints: 4.5MHz, 1.1MHz, 200kHz, 100kHz, arbitrary pulse sequences
Various conversion options, THz-generation experiments ongoing Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 25 Laser installation at EXFEL
PP SASE 3
PP SASE 1
HI/HE SASE 2 PP SASE 2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 26 Pump-probe laser hutch SASE 1
Clean room, +/- 0.1°C Prep-area +/- 1°C Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 27 Pump-probe laser production system SASE 1
to SPB- Experiment
1 laser for 2 experiments
Installation schedule:
Laser tables: July 2016
Hutch ready: Jan. 2017 to FXE- Beam to experiment: Q3 2017 Experiment Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 28 PP-laser installation schedule
General PP-laser installation schedule: Task 1: Laser tables and infrastructure in PP and ILH-hutches Task 2: Components + commissioning in PP and ILH-hutches Task 3: Beam to experiment for day-1
SASE-specific schedules:
Year Jul 2016 Dec Jan 2017 Dec Jan 2018 Dec
SASE1
SASE3
SASE2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 29 Thank you! Laser Group WP78: Mikhail Pergament Martin Kellert Kai Kruse Jin Wang Guido Palmer Gerd Priebe Laurens Wissmann Ulrike Wegner Moritz Emons Daniel Kane Sandhya Venkatesan Tomasz Jezynski Florent Pallas Toma Toncian, HiBEF Max Lederer Peter Zalden, FXE