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Laser Systems for Science Instruments Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer Laser Group, WP78 Leading Scientist European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25–27 January 2017 / Main Auditorium, Building 5, DESY, Hamburg Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 2 Outline Introduction Lasers for experiments at the EXFEL HI / HE lasers for HED Pump-Probe laser Pump-Probe laser beam delivery Summary and outlook Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 3 Introduction 4 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 4 . 3 underground experimental areas with 3 X-ray beams . 6 experiment stations . Up to 60% of experiments require optical lasers. Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 5 Lasers for experiments at the EXFEL Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 6 MID HED Types of experimental lasers: SASE 2 PP PP TW SHOCK PP pump-probe: sub-15…300fs, mJ-class, 0…4.5MHz, 800nm UV…mid-IR, THz U1 PP-type high rep-rate, sync MAL molecular alignment: sub-20fs, 1…10mJ, 800nm („kick“) or HE/HI-type 1J-class, 10Hz ns („adiabatic“) U2 10Hz FXE SPB 100TW high intensity (HI): SASE 1 PP MAL PP MAL <30fs, 10Hz, 100 TW–class laser, Tisa 100J high energy (HE): SCS SQS 100J … kJ-class ns-laser, 10Hz, SASE 3 PP MAL PP MAL green, exp. ramp Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 7 HE/HI-type lasers: The HED Optical Lasers Laboratory HI LASER HE LASER Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 8 The High-Intensity Laser System - key properties HE LASER RACKROOM HE LASER HI LASER • >100TW @ 10 Hz 11 m • >300 TW @ 5 Hz • double CPA Ti:Sa • shot on demand • high redundancy • delivery end 2017, in agreement with current facility milestone HI COMP Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 9 The High-Energy Laser System - key properties HE LASER RACKROOM HI LASER HE LASER • >100 J @ 1011 m Hz • 2-15 ns pulse • pulse shaping •2 conversion • delivery mid 2018, in agreement with current facility milestone HI COMP Toma Toncian Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 10 Ultrafast burst-mode pump-probe laser The European XFEL mode of operation: 10Hz Burst up to 2700 „e- bunches“ à 0.1…1 nC => eff. rep-rate: 27000 Hz Match XFEL:10Hz burst, 0 – 4.5MHz Pump-probe 800nm: 15 - 300fs, mJ laser goals Arbitrary pulse pattern selection Frequency conversion 11 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 11 Pump-Probe laser concept: fs-pumped NOPA 15 kW under investigation 1. A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, “Powerful femtosecond pulse generation by chirped and stretched pulse parametric amplification in BBO crystal,” Opt. Commun.Set 88, 437–440 point (1992) Rep-rate (MHz) NOPA ENOPA (mJ) 2. G. Cerullo and S. De Silvestri, “Ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, No. 1 (2003) 3. M.J. Lederer, M.1 Pergament, M. Kellert, and4.5 C. Mendez, “Pump–probe laser developmentI + IIfor the European X-Ray Free-Electron0.05 Laser Facility,“ Paper 8504-20, SPIE Conference on Optics and Photonics 2012, 12–16 August 2012, San Diego, invited talk. 4. M. Pergament,2 M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang,1.13 G. Palmer, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner, Iand + M. II Lederer, “High power burst-mode0.3 optical parametric amplifier with arbitrary pulse selection,” Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 18, pp. 22202-22210 (2014) 5. M. Pergament, M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang, G. Palmer, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner, M. Emons, M. J. Lederer, “340W Femtosecond Burst-mode Non-collinear Optical Parametric3 Amplifier for the European0.188 XFEL Pump-probe-la ser,” Advanced ISolid + StateII + Laser IIIs, 04-09. October1.5 2015, Berlin, Germany, ATu4A.4 6. M. Pergament, G. Palmer, M. Kellert, K. Kruse, J. Wang, L. Wissmann, U. Wegner, M. Emons, D. Kane, G. Priebe, S. Venkatesan, F. Pallas, and M. Lederer, “Versatile optical4 laser system for experiments0.1 at the European X-ray free-electron laseI +r facility,”II + OpticsIII Express, Vol.2.5 24, Issue 26, pp. 29349-29359 (2016) Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 12 Setpoints 1 and 2 (NOPA I + II) Near field SPIDER 15fs 2.5 mm ■ Pulse energies: 80 µJ @ 4.5MHz 330 µJ @ 1.1MHz ■ Burst power: 360W (600 µs) 600µs Burst ■ Pulsewidth: 15fs ■ Spectrum: 13.8 fs Fourier-limited pulse ■ Burst-noise: 2.5 % rms ■ Burst shape: clean, arbitrary sequences possible Arbitrary sequences Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 13 Beam quality NOPA I + II Waist Scan ■ Gaussian fit quality >94% for 15 Rayleigh ranges ■ Close to diffraction limited Gaussian beam: M2<1.1 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 14 Setpoints 3 and 4 (NOPA I + II + III) Near field Spider 4.2mm ■ Pulse energy: 1.8mJ @ 188kHz 3.25mJ @ 100kHz ■ Burst power: >300W (600 µs) 600µs burst ■ Pulsewidth: <15fs ■ Beam quality: M2 < 1.2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 15 NOPA dispersion management 15 Short pulse dispersion management: 15fs pulse duration pump pulse CMs From + ” SCG - ” Bulk Fused silica Multi-stage compressor parametric amplifier Long pulse dispersion management: 25-300fs pulse duration pump pulse CMs From + ” - ” SCG Transmission grating Multi-stage compressor or without parametric amplifier Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 16 NOPARange dispersion of pulse management duration from the NOPA (a) (b) 1.41 * 60 fs Depicted are two extreme cases: • blue curve, short pulse mode: (a) SPIDER and (b) spectrum • red curve, long pulse mode: (a) autocorrelation and (b) spectrum 1.41 * 280 fs Set point Rep-rate (MHz) NOPA ENOPA (mJ) 1 4.5 I + II 0.05 2 1.13 I + II 0.3 3 0.188 I + II + III 1.5 4 0.1 I + II + III 2.5 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 17 1030nm1030nm output pump beam and mixed-mode 1.54 * 50 fs 15 kW under investigation 1030nm uncompressed 400ps 1030nm compressed 2 sech = 850fs Mixed-mode: e. g. 100kHz, 1mJ / 15fs / 800nm and 10mJ / 400ps / 1030nm Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 18 Pump-Probe laser beam delivery Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 19 SASE 1 FXE experiment FXE: x-ray SPB / SFX experiments SPB: x-ray ILH ILH sample ILH interaction FXE instrument PP-laser hutch SPB/SFX instrument laser hutch laser hutch Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 20 Conversion Current conversion capabilities with 100 kHz THz generation: first experiments with PP-laser Pump: 1030nm, 800fs, 100kHz, up to 37mJ 70µJ from LiNbO3 XFEL task force, various efforts ongoing THz workshop at XFEL: 1. and 2. June 2017 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 21 First THz generation experiments using the PP-laser: Single pulses (10 Hz) Pulse trains (100 kHz, 20 mJ) ~38 µJ up to 70 µJ Conclusions . Generation of 70 µJ at ~0.3 THz . E-field of 1 MV/cm expected (~2 GW/cm²) . Saturation effects at high repetition rates . Conversion efficiency can be improved [Results by THz task force at European XFEL, involving instrument, diagnostics and laser groups] Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 22 Upcoming: THz workshop Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 23 Summary and outlook Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 24 HI/HE lasers at HED/HiBEF: very good progress, lasers are on schedule 800nm burst-mode NOPA: burst average power: >300W, burst energy: >0.2J >3mJ single pulse energy at 100kHz <15fs … 250fs, close to transform limited 1030nm burst-mode NOPA pump-laser: burst average power: >4kW, burst energy: >2J up to 40mJ single pulse energy at 100kHz 800fs or 400ps nearly diffraction limited beam quality Four setpoints: 4.5MHz, 1.1MHz, 200kHz, 100kHz, arbitrary pulse sequences Various conversion options, THz-generation experiments ongoing Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 25 Laser installation at EXFEL PP SASE 3 PP SASE 1 HI/HE SASE 2 PP SASE 2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 26 Pump-probe laser hutch SASE 1 Clean room, +/- 0.1°C Prep-area +/- 1°C Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 27 Pump-probe laser production system SASE 1 to SPB- Experiment 1 laser for 2 experiments Installation schedule: Laser tables: July 2016 Hutch ready: Jan. 2017 to FXE- Beam to experiment: Q3 2017 Experiment Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan. 2017 28 PP-laser installation schedule General PP-laser installation schedule: Task 1: Laser tables and infrastructure in PP and ILH-hutches Task 2: Components + commissioning in PP and ILH-hutches Task 3: Beam to experiment for day-1 SASE-specific schedules: Year Jul 2016 Dec Jan 2017 Dec Jan 2018 Dec SASE1 SASE3 SASE2 Laser systems for science instruments Max Lederer, European XFEL Users’ Meeting 25-27 Jan.
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