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Waterloo & City Cellular Network Trial Report

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Waterloo & City Cellular Network Trial Report Programme London Underground Commercial Telecommunications Project Public Cellular Network Feasibility Study Document Reference D-CEL1560 Version 1.8 Title Waterloo & City Cellular Network Trial Report Signature Date Prepared By: Robert Ivers RF Consultant Peer Review By: Anthony Hickey Radio Engineering Lead Approved By: John Lichnerowicz Design Group Lead Reviewed By: James Batchelor London Underground Lead Engineer Sponsor: Matthew Griffin Head of Telecoms (Commercial Development) Summary: This document provides an overview of the Public Cellular Network 4G/LTE trial carried out on the London Underground Waterloo and City line. This testing involved the Waterloo & Bank stations and the connecting tunnels. This testing was supported by Thales, Huawei, Telefonica O2, Vodafone, TfL (LU) Engineering, Public Cellular Project team and the TfL Emergency Services Network Project Team (including Fujitsu Services and Installation Technology). Page 1 of 24 Table of Contents 1. Document Control .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Document Control / Change History ........................................................................ 3 1.2. Document References ............................................................................................ 3 1.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................. 3 2. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Background............................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Trial equipment ....................................................................................................... 7 2.3. MNO Engagement ................................................................................................ 11 2.4. MNO Integration works ......................................................................................... 11 2.5. Installation of Trial Infrastructure ........................................................................... 12 2.6. Objectives of Trial ................................................................................................. 13 2.7. Testing Methodology ............................................................................................. 13 3. Test Results ................................................................................................................. 14 3.1. Station Areas ........................................................................................................ 15 3.2. Tunnel Areas ........................................................................................................ 17 3.3. Full End to End Testing ......................................................................................... 20 4. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt ................................................................................. 22 5. Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 24 Page 2 of 24 1. Document Control 1.1. Document Control / Change History Versio Checked by Date Comment Editor 0.An 06/11/17 First draft Robert Ivers 0.1 08/11/17 Initial Structure Proposed Robert Ivers 0.2 John Lichnerowicz 08/11/17 Initial internal review Robert Ivers 0.3 08/11/17 Updated Content Robert Ivers 0.4 Robert Ivers 09/11/17 Updated Content Anthony Hickey 0.5 Robert Ivers 10/11/17 Updated Content Fujitsu Team 1.0 Anthony Hickey 13/11/17 Internal Review Robert Ivers 1.1 John Lichnerowicz 13/11/17 Updated Content Robert Ivers 1.2 John Lichnerowicz 14/11/17 Formatted Robert Ivers 1.3 Robert Ivers 14/11/17 Updated Content Kenny Foster 1.4 John Lichnerowicz 16/11/17 Updated Formatting Robert Ivers 1.5 John Lichnerowicz 16/11/17 Updated Formatting Robert Ivers 1.6 Robert Ivers 19/11/17 Updated content and conclusions John Lichnerowicz 1.7 Robert Ivers 23/11/17 Updated Content John Lichnerowicz 1.2. Document References D-CEL1520 High-Level Design version 1.01 D-CEL1533 ESN Waterloo & City Trial Test Plan v1.0 D-CEL1557 O2 W&C Executive Report v2.0 D-CEL1558 Vodafone W&C Executive Report v1.5 D-CEL1559 W&C Trial Results - Existing CONNECT Leaky Feeder 800Mhz v2.0 1.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations Term or Definition Acronym 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 4G Fourth Generation ADAS Active Distributed Antenna System ALU Airwave on London Underground BBU Baseband Unit BH Busy Hour bps Bits per Second BTS Base Transceiver Station BW Bandwidth CBC Cross-Band Coupler CQI Channel Quality Indicator CW Continuous Wave (i.e. constant power and amplitude) DAS Distributed Antenna System Decibel - logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of dB two values of a physical quantity Page 3 of 24 DL Downlink DTF Distance to Fault EM Electro-Magnetic eNodeB Evolved Node B EPC Evolved Packet Core Emergency Services Mobile Communications ESMCP Programme ESN Emergency Services Network FTP File Transfer Protocol GPS Global Positioning System HP High Power km/h Kilometres per Hour International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation ICNIRP Protection ICT Information and Communication Technology ITT Invitation to Tender LAN Local Area Network A coaxial cable run along tunnels which emits and receives radio waves, functioning as an extended antenna. The cable is "leaky" in that it has gaps or slots Leaky Feeder in its outer conductor to allow the radio signal to leak into or out of the cable along its entire length (definition courtesy Wikipedia) LFEPA London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority LP Low Power LTE Long Term Evolution Radio Technology LU London Underground NH4E Neutral Host for ESN m Metre Mbps Megabits Per Second MHz Mega-Hertz MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output MM Multi-Mode MNO Mobile Network Operator PDSCH Packet Downlink Shared Channel PFI Private Finance Initiative PIM Passive Intermodulation PTP Precision Time Protocol PUSCH Packet Uplink Shared Channel PCN Public Cellular Network RF Radio Frequency RSRP Reference Signal Received Power RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality RRU Remote Radio Unit S1 Interface between eNodeB and EPC (MME & S_GW) SISO Single Input, Single Output SM Single-Mode SNR Signal to Noise Ratio Page 4 of 24 SyncE Synchronous Ethernet Terrestrial Trunked Radio used by London Underground TETRA and Airwave TfL Transport for London UE User Equipment UL Uplink UK United Kingdom UTP Unshielded Twisted Pairs VoLTE Voice over LTE VLAN Virtual Local Area Network WAT Waterloo Page 5 of 24 2. Introduction The Mayor’s Transport Strategy states that ‘The Mayor, through TfL and the boroughs, and working with other transport operators, will improve customer service across the transport system with a focus on…making the most of new technology and innovations in customer service, including provision of mobile phone access underground.’ Improved connectivity in London will have far reaching implications. As well as delivering a new revenue stream to support the transport service, we can improve the lives of Londoners, create digital inclusion, change the way transport is used and delivered, support wider revenue generation and provide countless new opportunities for the technology sector. To meet the Mayor’s vision for London connectivity, cellular coverage was trialled on the Waterloo and City line, during summer 2017. This document describes the testing of 4G/LTE services on the Waterloo and City Line at the 800MHz, 1800MHz & 2100MHz Bands in tunnels, and 1800MHz, 2100MHz & 2600MHz Bands in the two stations at Waterloo and Bank. Testing was performed in conjunction with Telefonica O2 and Vodafone, as part of the Waterloo and City Line PCN Project trial. Tunnels were tested using Huawei High Power Remote Radio Units on CommScope Leaky Feeder in one half of the tunnel and RFS Leaky Feeder in the other half. Both SISO and MIMO modes were tested and the cables were newly installed for the trial. The existing RFS Leaky Feeder, installed in the 2000s for the Operational Radio Infrastructure, was also tested but at 800MHz only which is close to the upper design frequency limit for this cable. Station areas were covered using Huawei’s Lampsite 2.0 solution augmented by Huawei BTS3911b eNodeB Small Cells in the long connecting corridor at Waterloo. 2.1. Background The objectives for the trial are discussed later in the report. The impetus for the trial was the need to confirm the results of various design calculations and modelling tools used to predict the RF performance in the London Underground environment for the Home Office replacement of the Emergency Services Airwave Network; TfL believing it prudent to obtain real performance measurements in actual tunnels and stations at all frequencies used by the MNOs currently. By resurrecting an earlier test plan proposed by the project team but not actioned, it proved possible to carry out the trial covering all MNO frequency bands in a short timescale and to realise objectives other than purely RF performance. For example, numerous PIM tests were undertaken to confirm, as far as possible, that there would be no interference with the normal operation of the Tube System by any frequency band used by any of the MNOs. All four MNOs were enthusiastic and supportive of the objectives of the trial and Vodafone and Telefonica O2 actively participated in the trial. It was agreed with the MNOs that TfL would publish the results
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