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HICKS, Ben Ph.D. 2016.Pdf Front page Ben Hicks PhD Front page Exploring the use of a commercial digital gaming Technological Initiative to enable social inclusion for community-dwelling older men with dementia in rural England Volume: 1 Author: Ben Hicks Award: Doctor of Philosophy Awarded by: Bournemouth University Submission date: September 2016 1 Copyright statement Ben Hicks PhD Copyright statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 2 Dedications Ben Hicks PhD Dedications In memory of my Dad, John Hicks, and my Gran, Florence Wilson. I will never forget all that you did for me. 3 Abstract Ben Hicks PhD Abstract Exploring the use of a commercial digital gaming Technological Initiative to enable social inclusion for community-dwelling older men with dementia in rural England Author: Ben Hicks This PhD thesis addresses the challenges of social inclusion for older men (65+ years) with dementia in rural England. This applied study used an individually-tailored male-only Technological Initiative, drawing on commercially available computer game technology (e.g. iPad, Nintendo Wii and Microsoft Kinect) to deliver person-centred activities to older men with dementia residing in three rural areas of England over a nine week period. Participatory Action Research (PAR) formed the framework for the conduct of the research. Multiple qualitative methods were employed to explore the perceived impact of the Technological Initiative on the men’s social inclusion. These included focus group discussions, open interviews and extensive reflexive field notes. Twenty two men participated in the research alongside fifteen care partners and five community volunteers. A thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret the data. The research demonstrated that whilst the men enjoyed rural life, aspects of rurality combined with their subjective experiences of dementia to hinder their social inclusion. The Technological Initiative appealed to the men and resulted in their increased social confidence and sense of well-being. Three features were integral to its success: the use of technology; the male-only environment; and the approach adopted. The technology enabled the men to re-engage with their old leisure interests, take part in new activities and so continue their learning and personal growth, and challenge assumptions about their abilities. The male-only environment promoted a sense of familiarity and camaraderie that relaxed the men and encouraged them to speak openly. The approach adopted sought to give voice to the men by situating them as experts in the evolution of the Technological Initiative. The thesis concludes by arguing that community ecopsychosocial initiatives designed to enable male social inclusion would be advised to consider these gendered experiences and promote them through the activities offered, the environment created and the method of delivery. 4 Contents page Ben Hicks PhD Contents page List of tables and figures ........................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................... 8 Author’s declaration ................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter One: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Introducing the research ................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Introducing the researcher ............................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Literature review ................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Social inclusion .................................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Dementia ........................................................................................................................... 33 2.4 Rurality .............................................................................................................................. 40 2.5 Men with dementia........................................................................................................... 47 2.6 Promoting social inclusion through ecopsychosocial initiatives ....................................... 54 2.7 Technology as a ecopsychosocial initiative ....................................................................... 60 2.8 Summary of current research and areas for further consideration ................................. 65 Chapter 3: Research design ................................................................................................... 68 3.1: Participatory Action research .......................................................................................... 68 3.2 Preliminary development of the Technological Initiative: The Consultation Process ...... 74 3.3 The Technological Initiative .............................................................................................. 81 3.4 Study Design and Research Methods ............................................................................... 84 3.5 Ethics ................................................................................................................................. 92 3.6 Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 4: Introducing the men and reflecting on my experiences ................................ 102 4.1 Demographics ................................................................................................................. 102 4.2 Delivering the Technological Initiative ............................................................................ 109 4.3 Reflections on working with the men ............................................................................. 114 4.4 Reflections on using the research methods.................................................................... 119 4.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 124 Chapter 5: Introducing the rural locations .......................................................................... 126 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 126 5.2 Perceptions of the rural locations and the venues ......................................................... 126 5.3 Daily living within the rural locations.............................................................................. 129 5.4 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 142 Chapter 6: Exploring the perceived impact of the TI......................................................... 144 5 Contents page Ben Hicks PhD 6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 144 6.2 An opportunity to engage within the rural environment................................................ 144 6.3 Technology as an enabler ................................................................................................ 147 6.4 Male-only environment ................................................................................................... 161 6.5 Outcomes following the TI .............................................................................................. 167 Chapter 7: Enhancing male social inclusion in rural England .......................................... 171 7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 171 7.2 How does the rural environment impact on the sense of social inclusion of older men with dementia? ...................................................................................................................... 171 7.3 What is the impact of a Technological Initiative on the men’s sense of social inclusion? ............................................................................................................................................... 181 7.4 How does a Technological Initiative promote male social inclusion? ............................. 184 7.5 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 193 7.6 Limitations of my study ................................................................................................... 194 7.7 Strengths of my study ...................................................................................................... 195 7.8 Contributions of the research ......................................................................................... 197 7.9 Key recommendations and future research ...................................................................
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