Analysis of Main Actors'beauty Image in Korean TV Drama “Dokebi”

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 28, No. 3, (2019), pp. 237-249

Analysis of Main Actors’Beauty Image in Korean TV Drama “Dokebi”

Un-Jae Yun Performing Arts, Joongbu University, 201 Daehak-ro Chubu-Myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 32714, Republic of Korea [email protected]

Abstract Background/Objectives: The beauty image studies in Korean TV dramas have been conducted around actresses.While this study aims to provide the basic data for the production of dramas, analyzing two main actors, Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook in “Dokebi,” which has been a fever in the U.S. and Europe as well as Asian countries, such as Taiwan and Japan, of the Korean TV dramas in 2017. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study would understand the beauty images centering around the capture images of the main actors in the drama, “Dokebi,” focusing on clothes, hairstyles, and accessories. In addition, this study would analyze somatotypes and face shapes, using an indirect measurement method and conduct a comparative study of somatotypes with Korean body measurements provided by the National Institute of Technology. Andit also conduct forface shapes with a 30-year-old man’s face shapes on culturecontent.com operated by the Korea Creative Content Agency. For personal colors, this study would analyze two actors’ skin colors, based on a third party, using Pantone’s Formula Guide and DIC Color Guide and look for colors complement them, using Adobe Photoshop CS5. Findings: It was found that Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook were taller and weighed less as compared to the standard somatotype, and as a result of a measurement of the ratio of their bodies with the head height, Gong Yoo was about 8.1 head figure, and Lee Dong-wook, about 7.5 head figure. For face shape, Gong Yoo’s face was smaller than Lee Dong-wook’s, and Gong Yoo’s face shape was an inverted triangle while Lee Dong-wook’s was a rectangle. For the beauty image, the number of clothes differed depending on the importance in the synopsis, and especially, since Gong Yoo symbolized a god of wealth, he put on expensive clothes of famous brands. Hairstyle did not change less than clothes, and the synopsis affected accessories the most. Through this study, it was found that somatotype or face shape had bigger impacts on the determination of the beauty image, rather than skin color, and also, for the color guides, an Asian, that is, Japanese color guide was applied better in finding Korean’s personal color rather than American products. Improvements/Applications: Studies of the beauty image have been conducted around women and people in their 20s, and celebrities’ the beauty images have also been investigated around actresses or idol groups. Thus, it is judged that this study has a value as a study of the beauty images of actors in their 30s. In addition, hopefully, this study will become the basic data for the production of dramas and a content material that promote Korea to the world.

Keywords:TV drama, Dokebi, The beauty image, Personal color, Clothes, Hairstyle, Accessory.

1. Introduction Nowadays, standards of the ideal beauty are strongly delivered to the media that act instantly, and the TV is an important means to create trends as well as reflect the ideal beauty in reality. Celebrities are people who affect the public and contribute to creating standards of the ideal beauty of the times through advertising as well. The success of Korean TV drama “Dokebi[1], Goblin: the Lonely and Great God[2]” formed fever in Asia in 2017, which even made the phrase, „Gong Yoo Syndrome,‟ and this study started out of curiosity about what aspects of Gong Yoo made this syndrome possible. Clothes, makeups, hairstyles and accessories used by entertainers on the TV have big impacts on the public, and especially, the beauty images in dramas have big impacts on the public as well as help the viewers to understand characters‟ ethnicity, age, personality and environment by making actors into the characters. “Dokebi” broadcast on Cable Channel tvN from 2016 through 2017 is a fantasy drama which is set on modern time and shows Goryo Dynasty as an alternative time, which recorded the best viewer rating of cable channels, and you can see its male main characters, Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook in several TV advertisements like cosmetics as well as hearing its OST. However, until now, studies of the beauty image have been conducted around actresses, while this study would investigate the beauty images of the two main actors, Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook in Korean drama, “Dokebi” and provide the basic data of drama production. The trends of the preceding studies for this study are as follows: The first of the preceding studies for Celebrity, advertising and the beauty image are as follows. Celebrity (Star), so-called famous person is a person who draws attention from the public and influences them. There are various definitions of celebrity. For example, “celebrity is a product with an asset value used to make a profit in the processes of planning, producing and distributing entertainment contents for the public such as film, broadcasting, music, and performance.” [3] Star system is “a commercial-oriented system that secures the stability of box office by planning and production centeringaroundpopular actors” [2], which was established out of the intent to commercialize a play and film in Europe and the U.S. in the mid-1910s. In South Korea, the impact of celebrities gradually increased with the development of the film industry since the 1990s. In addition, stardom means the position or status of celebrities meaning popular entertainers, and Paul McDonald described that in stardom, image plays a very important role [3]. Fandom is a word in which „fantastic‟ meaning enthusiastically following and „- dom‟ meaning a collective syndrome are combined, which refers to people who enthusiastically love a specific person or field or such a cultural phenomenon [2]. By providing fans with the quality of star given through the star system, fandom is formed, and the fans consume the images of the celebrity. In the consumer culture, images are delivered to the fans through advertising or the public media, and these images are internalized as new values [3]. “Advertising is the mirror of the age and reflects consumers‟ needs. Especially, since cosmetics advertising reflects aesthetic senses and thoughts, most sensitively, its models concretize the images of the ideal figures of the times, including the aesthetic senses of the times.” [4]

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The beauty image is a compound word of beauty and image and means a beautiful shape or feeling felt from a certain person. There are various preceding studies of body image according to the scholar. The body image is a complex and difficult concept that is concerned with the subjective expression of body appearance, such as beliefs, emotions, feelings, and perceptions about the body as well as external and objective attributes [5]. “The concept of „body image‟ is divided into the ability, function, and appearance of the body, and people in their 20s, who are sensitive to the media or trend do more appearance management behaviors to maintain the ideal appearance.” [6] This study would investigate the body image, focusing on somatotype and face shape. First, somatotype is the shape of the human body, and the body type is divided into pyknic type, leptosome type, and athletic type. The pyknic type is small in height and thick in body, which is cheerful and outgoing, extroverted type, while the leptosome type is tall and has poorly developed bones or muscles, which is introspective nature, and the athletic type is the intermediate type [2]. Size Korea operated by the Institute of Technology of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources classifies the body into standard somatotype (Ideal somatotype), triangle somatotype, inverted triangle somatotype, square somatotype, sand-glass type, diamond type, round somatotype, and tube somatotype according to Rasband‟s somatotype classification [7]. The face is the front of the head, where the eyes, nose, and ears are located, and there are various characteristics anthropologically as well as individually [2]. Especially, face shape is called the outline of the face or the visage, and it is divided into round, oval, triangle shape, inverted triangle, square, diamond shape and rectangle[8]. In addition, the preceding studies of face shape have been conducted around women, and the preceding studies of the male face shape are as follows:

Table 1: The trend of the preceding studies of the male face shape Researcher Years Research title DB Won JH 2015 A Study on Forms of Sunglasses according to o Twenties Men‟s Facial Forms Lee CW 2011 A Study of Preference and Image of Face shape x according to Men‟s Hairstyles Bae HS 2007 A Study on Preference for Hairstyles according to o Men‟s Face Shape Song SO 1999 Effects of Clothing Types, Face Types & Body Types o on Men‟s Impression Finally, there are various preceding studies of personal color, but there are very few studies associated with beauty or TV drama. First, personal color refers to individual‟s color, and it is the analysis of an individual‟s own body colors (skin, hair and pupil colors) and the presentation of color images such as makeup, hair, and clothes in the colors suiting the individual [9]. Korean personal colors are as follows, as a result of summing up the preceding studies [9], [10]. Hair color is determined by the trend of melanin pigment of hair cortex and has various colors, and most Asian people have high eumelanin density, so its color range is limited to dark brown or light black compared to Western people. Skin color is mainly determined by melanin pigment of the stratum basal, carotene pigment of the stratum spinosum and hemoglobin in the blood vessels, and Korean skin color has relatively much carotene pigment included in the stratum spinosum, ranging 5-7.5YR centered around 6.5YR and 6-8 in brightness. Pupil color is determined by the iris, and Koreans have

239 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 28, No. 3, (2019) much eumelanin and high distribution of pigmentation in the iris, so most are a brown color. It was suggested that skin color should be measured on the part that becomes red on the cheek, face, neck, back of a hand and the wrist, while not made up after washing up one‟s face, not affected by hair and cloth colors between 11 AM and 3 PM under natural light [11].

2. Materials and Methods The reason for selecting research materials and research methods for this study are as follows:

2.1. Research materials TV drama “Dokebi” that recorded the best viewer rating of cable channels in 2017 was selected as a research material, and the capture images of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook [1, 12] of the characters of the drama were taken as concrete research materials.

2.1.1. “Dokebi”

TV drama “Dokebi (도깨비, Goblin: the Lonely and Great God [2])” is a Friday and Saturday drama broadcast on the cable channel tvN from December 2, 2016 through January 21, 2017, a 16-episodes drama that emphasizes fantasy elements oscillating between historical and modern romantic drama [1]. It is the drama that recorded the highest viewer rating of cable channels as„heartthrob ofall women,‟Gong Yoo, „Maker of women‟s hearts Writer,‟Kim Eun-sook are added to gifted Producer Lee Eung-bok‟s sensual refined production [13]. One of the most popular TV drama writer in Korea, Kim Eun-sook after “Descendants of the Sun” in 2016 planned it for three years with the Fable of Dokebi as a motif, and it is a work produced with subject matters such as „Dokebi‟ who needs a human bride to finish his immortal life (played by Gong Yoo) and „the angel of death with amnesia‟ (played by Lee Dong-wook) and „Bride of Dokebi‟ (played by Kim Go-eun) who is destined to die [1]. This drama began becoming a big issue since its first episode, recorded the average viewer rating of 20.5% in the last episode (by Nielsen Korea), won popularity even in China, where its official license was not sold due to „a law that bans Korean culture in China‟ as well as Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the U.S., and Europe and won the grand prize in Baeksang Arts Awards, Cable Broadcasting Award and Drama Fever Awards in 2017 [2]. There are several preceding studies in this drama, but most of them are about its storytelling, and there are no studies of its the beauty images yet.

2.2.2. Gong Yoo

Gong Yoo (공유, 孔劉; July 10, 1979 -) is a Korean actor. The name Gong Yoo is his stage name, and his real name is Gong, Ji-chul. In 2000, he made a debut in the entertainment business as an Mnet VJ (7th) and as an actor through KBS drama “School 4” in 2001 [2]. His major works include “Coffee Prince (2007)” and “Dokebi (2016-2017)” for dramas and “A Spy Girl (2004)”, “Finding Mr. Destiny (2010)”, “Silenced (2011)”, “A Man and A Woman (2016)”, “Train to Busan (2016)” and “The Age of Shadows (2016)” for films. In 2017, Gong Yoo is hot in the field of advertising, who has been an advertising model for nine advertisements, brands including coffee, outdoor wear,

240 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 28, No. 3, (2019) cosmetics, furniture, logistics, finance, casual apparel, telecommunication firms and vehicle in even before appearing in “Dokebi.” He got a flood of proposals for more advertisements from other advertisers with the success of “Dokebi.” [13] In 2017, he won the best actor prize for “Dokebi” in the 53rd Baeksang Arts Awards and Drama Fever Awards. Also, he won a prize of a model good for advertisers in Korea Advertising Congress and the male actor prize in Grand Prize Brands of the Year in 2017 [2]. Gong Yoo‟srole in „Dokebi‟ is Kim Shin, a chief general during the Goryo Dynasty, 939 years old, murdered by the sword of the master whom he guarded and having lived for 935 years, ordered by Heavenly God, without dying or getting old. Only way for him to die is to find „the Bride of Dokebi.‟ On the synopsis, Dokebi is a god of wealth, an innocent character who helps good people. In addition, according to his Naver Profile information and the official profile of his agency, he was born on July 10, 1979, is 184cm in height and 74kg in weight [14].

2.1.3. Lee Dong-wook

Lee Dong-wook (이동욱, 李棟旭; November 6, 1981 -) is a Korean actor, who made a debut in the entertainment business, winning the grand prize in the V-NESS Exclusive Model Contest in 1999 and as an actor through MBC One-act Play “Best Drama Theater” in 1999. He appeared in KBS “School 2” and “School 3” in 2000 [2]. His major works include “My Girl (2005)”, “Scent of a Woman (2011)” and “Dokebi (2016-2017)” for dramas and “Arang (2006)” for films. He also served as the MC of SBS Entertainment Program, “Strong Heart” in 2012-2013. Lee Dong-wook was selected as an exclusive model of cryptocurrency exchange „CoinOne‟ in December 2017 [2] and had been a model for foods, apparel, alcoholic beverages, and cosmetics. After the success of “Dokebi,” he has been active as a model for finance, Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Corporation, CoinOne, apparel, real estate and cosmetics [2]. Lee Dong-wook‟srole is an angel of death, assumed to be in his late 30s, who was a king of the Goryo Dynasty, named „Wang Yeo.‟ In addition, according to his Naver Profile information and the official profile of his agency, he was born on November 6, 1981, is 184cm in height and 72kg in weight [15]. For these reasons, this study selected the beauty images of the two male main characters of “Dokebi,” which formed fever in Korea, Asia, the U.S., and Europe in 2017 as research materials, and Figure 1 is its main poster that shows the images well, selected since it shows the images of the drama, most objectively.

Figure 1. Poster of “Dokebi”[1] 2.2 Methods This study would look for the colors and the beauty images best suiting the somatotype, face shape and personal color of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook, using an indirect

241 International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 28, No. 3, (2019) measurement method.

2.2.1. Somatotype and face shape This study would examine the somatotype and face shape of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong- wook based on their measurements on their official websites [14, 15] and the somatotype was based on the results of the seventh Korean body Measurement [7] conducted in 2015 by the Institute of Technology of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Resources, and the face shape was based on the Korean Face Shape [16] of the materials presented on culturecontent.com operated by the Korea Creative Content Agency. In addition, this study would analyze their somatotype and face shape, using Adobe Photoshop CS5.

Figure 2. Images of the actors for indirect measurements [1, 12] 2.2.2. Personal color This study captured the scenes in which three actors, including Yuk Seong-jae appeared simultaneously to examine the personal colors of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook (See Table 2), measured their skin (Forehead, cheek and hand), hair and pupil color three times, using Photoshop and analyzed that, using Patone‟s Formula Guide and DIC Color Guide. Since their hair and pupil were similar (brown color), this study made a comparison, focusing on their skin color. In addition, to find the complement colors as best suiting Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook, this study looked for the colors of the same front images, utilizing Photoshop.

Table 2: Images of personal color measurements [1] 1st 2nd 3rd Image

2.2.3. Beauty image To find the beauty images of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook, this study compared the clothes, hairstyles and accessories, focusing on the capture images of the TV drama. Since there are a number of clothes and hairstyles appearing in a 16-episodes drama, this study would organize them by each episode to find the representative the beauty images through interviews with three beauty specialists and compare the images of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook.

3. Results The results of research on the somatotypes, personal colors and the beauty images are as follows:

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3.1. Somatotype The results of research on the somatotype and face shape of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong- wook are as follows. The Report on the Seventh Body Measurements was prepared in 2015, and at the time, Gong Yoo was 35 years old, and Lee Dong-wook, 34, so the subjects were divided into 30-34 years old and 35-39 years old.

Table 3: Comparison of somatotypes [7, 14, 15] Standard size Actor‟s Size Height 30~34 1737 1840 35~39 1725 1840

Weight 30~34 76.5 72.0 35~39 75.1 74.0 (In-Body 230 by Bio Space Co.) Head 30~34 239 Height 35~39 238

Face 30~34 116 Height 35~39 116

Through Table 3, it was found that Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook were taller and weighed less than the standard somatotype, and the space of remarks in the table shows measuring posture and standard point for reference. As a result of a measurement of the ratio of the head height of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook, using Photoshop, the sixth 3-D model was about 7.5head figure; Gong Yoo, about 8.1 head figure; and Lee Dong-wook, about 7.5 head figure.

Figure 3. Korean standard body measurements [7]

Figure 3 is a graph that shows men‟s 3-D body shape in the sixth Korean body measurements, and the right side is a graph that shows changes in their height.

Table 4: Comparison of face shape [1, 7, 16] A Form in his 30‟s from A man who was born in Gong Yoo Lee Dong-wook the sixth survey by Size the1980s from Korea culturecontent.com

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For face shape, based on the face shapes of the 30-year-old man of the 3-D body shapes in the sixth survey of body measurements and the person who was born in the 1980s presented by culturecontent.com, the capture images of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong- wook were compared, using Adobe Photoshop CS5. First, a guideline was marked, using a graduated arc. The size was set based on the face shapes of the 30-year-old man and the person who was born in the 1980s. The inclination and ratio of the face images of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook were adjusted to set the vertex and the mental point, vertically and set the internal eye ends horizontally to compare the face shape. In adjusting the face size, the length to width ratio was enlarged equally for a comparison. For enlargement ratio, Gong Yoo was about 115% bigger than Lee Dong-wook, which means that Gong Yoo‟s face was smaller, and Gong Yoo‟s face shape was an inverted triangle, who had the pointed jaw. The face shapes of the person who was born in the 1980s in the sixth body measurements and Lee Dong-wook were similarly rectangle. In addition, the result of overlapping the faces by adjusting the transparency of the layers, using Photoshop was similar, as well.

3.2. Personal color The personal colors and suiting colors of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook can be examined using capture images like Tables 5 and 6. As a result of a comparison of the skin, especially, the face color like Table 5, the person who was born in 1980 on culturecontent.com had a yellowish color, and the two main characters had brighter face colors than his. Especially, Lee Dong-wook had a little brighter face color than Gong Yoo did. Through a comparison with color guides, it was found that rather than American Pantone, the Japanese DIC Guide was more similar to Korean face color. In addition, to measure the skin color, makeups should be removed, but the main characters were wearing makeups, so it is necessary to state that it was difficult to measure it accurately (See Figure 4).

Table 5: Comparison ofskin color [1, 12] 1980‟s Capture Point Gong Yoo Lee Dong-wook Captur e Skin Color

DIC

Panton e

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Figure 4. Gong Yoo[1]

Table 6: Comparison of complement color [1] White Grey Black Red Yellow Green Blue Brown Gong

Lee

In the complement colors of Table 6, all colors suited Gong Yoo, while black best suited Lee Dong-wook, but gray and yellow colors less suited him, so he would better refrain from putting on the colors.

3.3. Beauty image The beauty images of GongYoo and Lee Dong-wook can be divided into clothes, hairstyles and accessories as follows:

3.3.1. Clothes For the clothes of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook, as expected from their roles, Gong Yoo showed both luxurious images and humorous images since he symbolized a god of wealth, but Lee Dong-wook mainly used black color as an angel of death. Thus, since Gong Yoo‟s clothes were much more than Lee Dong-wook‟s to compare the two main characters through interviews with experts, they advised the use of clothes with good color, style or resolution for Gong Yoo‟s and their representative clothes could be examined in the below table after supplementation.

Table 7: The trend of Actor’s clothes[1,12] Gong Yoo Lee Dong-wook 21st For Suit Century mal

Coat

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Semi-formal

Casual

Goryo Formal Dynasty

Casual

As shown in Table 7, an angel of death, Lee Dong-wook‟s trademarks were black suit and coat, and he mainly wore Kolon Time Homme products. It was also found that an angel of death wore colored clothes when he met a woman he loved. Gong Yoo put on high-priced clothes of famous brands, such as Burberry and Lanvin and wore knitwear and T-shirt and vests in various colors such as red, pink and burgundy, etc. in addition to the basic colors. For casual, Gong Yoo mainly wore turtleneck while Lee Dong-wook wore shirts and T-shirts. In the drama, there were more than 100 clothes for each role, so there were the ideal coordinations, but sometimes, there were wrong coordinations. This can be shown like Figure 5.

Figure 5. Example of worst coordination [1,12]

3.2.2. Hairstyle Hairstyles were almost the same except for a few scenes. Natural hairstyle, the so- called „comma‟ hairstyle suited Gong Yoo well, and the hairstyle in 1968 in Episode 1 and that in a wedding scene in Episode 16 were slightly different. Lee Dong-wook had a little longer face than Gong Yoo, so he had a hairstyle covering the bangs and had Gong Yoo‟s comma hair in Episode 16 (See Figures 6 and 7).

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Figure 6. Gong Yoo’s Hairstyle [1, 12]

Figure 7. Lee Dong-wook’s Hairstyle [1,12]

3.3.3. Other Beauty is completed with accessories. The accessories used by the two main characters are an example of the impact of the synopsis. In other words, hats, watches, and pins are used as the characteristic symbols to symbolize an angel of death who must observe time and the class of a king while Dokebi puts on various kinds of mufflers as his characteristic.

Table 8:The trend of actors’ accessories [1,12]

Gong Yoo Lee Dong-wook Hat

Muffler

Sunglass

Watch

4.Conclusion The results of research on the somatotype, personal color and the beauty image of Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook are as follows: Gong Yoo and Lee Dong-wook were taller and weighed less than the standard somatotype, and as a result of research on the ratio of their bodies with head height, the sixth 3-D model was about 7.5 head figure; Gong Yoo, about 8.1 head figure; and Lee Dong-wook, about 7.5 head figure.

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For face shape, when compared with the face shapes of a 30-year-old man on a 3-D body shape in the sixth body measurements and a person who was born in the 1980s presented on culturecontent.com, Gong Yoo‟s face was smaller than Lee Dong-wook‟s, and Gong Yoo‟s face shape was an inverted triangle while Lee Dong-wook and the others who were born in the 1980swere similarly rectangle. It was found that for the beauty images, the number of clothes differed depending on the importance in the synopsis of drama, and especially, Gong Yoo put on expensive clothes since he symbolized a god of wealth. There was less change in hairstyles than in clothes, and the synopsis had the biggest impact on accessories. Through this study, it was found that somatotype or face shape had bigger impacts on the determination of the beauty image, rather than skin color, and for color guides, an Asian, that is, the Japanese Color Guide was applied better in finding Korean‟s personal color rather than American products. However, since this study is a study through indirect measurements, personal colors should be measured while makeups were removed, but the two main characters were putting on makeups, so the actors‟ profiles were used for their somatotypes, it is judged that there were some variables, and complementary research would be conducted in the future.

5. Acknowledgment This study supported research funds from Joongbu University in 2018.

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