Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura)

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Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura) Nosferatu. Revista de cine (Donostia Kultura) Título: El canalla que reescribió a F. Scott Fitzgerald. Joseph L. Mankiewicz, productor Autor/es: Gallagher, Tag Citar como: Gallagher, T. (2001). El canalla que reescribió a F. Scott Fitzgerald. Joseph L. Mankiewicz, productor. Nosferatu. Revista de cine. (38):15-23. Documento descargado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41246 Copyright: Reserva de todos los derechos (NO CC) La digitalización de este artículo se enmarca dentro del proyecto "Estudio y análisis para el desarrollo de una red de conocimiento sobre estudios fílmicos a través de plataformas web 2.0", financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España (código HAR2010-18648), con el apoyo de Biblioteca y Documentación Científica y del Área de Sistemas de Información y Comunicaciones (ASIC) del Vicerrectorado de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Entidades colaboradoras: El canalla quereescrihió a F Scott Fitzgerald 'lu:endart' elo gt'dut'lart' bewla egt'n ::.t'tumlcme: gain . .1/ankt' <•tt't'c:.ek ekoi::.pt'tl -lmwk hum/u Últwn I<J:-J() etrt / <J.¡..¡ bt'tarleon, ela ekot'de f!i':io garat' lwrtoko J lo/(¡ u·oodl'ko ::.. tt :('tl(/aá garra ti/ :itstl('/letako ::.m/)(tt'!l'kin lr111 egin ::.tU'II, t'Sall' 1 lmtemko Hitz tww~ \11J tn• ·Jl . Hunk Hor:age (. lfmuwquin: 'TIIl'ee ComrmiNL.}, Geurge Cukor (l'lu' Pltiladepltia St,u:l ~ edo G'eorgl' Stt•rens-l'kin (11imwn ofthe Ji•mJ /ág GaUagher NOSFERATU 38 ómo se puede escribi r ell os a las órdenes del dictador in­ con Orson Welles) era el jefe de acerca de un produc­ discutible del. estudio, Louis B. la sección de guiones de la Para­ tor? Mayer. El cometido de Man­ mount. A los 18 al'ios, Joe cobra­ kiewicz era seleccionar materi al, ba por traducir al alemán los in­ !mente, lo que escri be la desarrollar guiones y decorados, tertítulos de las pelícu las mudas, gente es una serie de títulos de pe­ contratar al director, los actores y y a los 20 fue nombrado ayudante lículas e historias divertidas y unos técni cos, mantener el programa de guionista. Su sueldo entonces cuantos deta ll es comerciales. de trabajo y presupuesto iniciales era de 60 dólares por semana. El ¿Pero qué pasa con un productor y montar el resultado, todo ello de Herman, 1.250 dólares. que qu izá sea también el autor de bajo la estrecha supervisión del sus películas? ¿Qué me di cen de esrudio. En la MGM, para la que Siete anos y más de treinta pelí• Joseph L. Mankiewicz, productor Mankiewicz produjo veinte filmes culas más tarde, Joe se dirigió a de la Metro Goldwyn Mayer, que entre 1936 y 1944, ni las estrellas, Louis B. Mayer y le pidió que le no sólo escribía la totalidad o parte ni los directores, ni los gui onistas hiciera director. "Antes de poder de los ·guiones de sus películas (ni siquiera los productores, se­ caminar, tienes que aprender a (s in créditos en pantalla) sino que gún Mankiewicz) tenían demasia­ arrastrarte", le contestó Mayer, también, como responsable de la do control sobre su trabajo; eran según Mankiewicz, quien añad ió Metro, estaba encima de todos los simplemente empleados. Sin em­ que ésta era la mejor descripción aspectos del diseño, casting, roda­ bargo, la MGM animaba a sus que él conocía de la postura de un je y montaje de sus películ as? ¿Y empleados a imponerse. El mismo productor. "[Durante estos] aiios que además siguió dirigiendo sus Mayer sirvió de ejemplo al elegir oscuros (. ..) produje cantidad de propias películas? ¿Cómo pode­ como ayudantes a personas que películas que me avergiienza ha­ mos saber qué es Mankiewicz en sabía que le apuñalarían por la es­ ber asociado a mi nombre" ( 1). estas películas, en contraposición palda a la mínima oportunidad. a lo que es Borzage o Lang, o el Así, a pesar de que muchas de las Esta pose de autodesprecio la en­ resto de directores qu e Man­ películas de la Metro se confundan contramos en la mayoría de los kiewicz contrató? irremediablemente con la prosaica personajes de Mankiewicz, en la identidad del estudio, y aunque fue mayoría de las películas que diri­ Para responder a estas preguntas, precisamente durante la pem1anen­ gió. Pero htvo que "gatear" du­ podríamos seguir la pista de la cia de Mankiewicz cuando más re­ rante diez afias antes de estrenar­ hi storia de la producción de cada presivos fueron tanto el poder de se como director con El castillo película, estudiar los memorán­ Mayer como la autocensura de la de Dragonwyck (Dragomvyck), du ms de las distintas oficinas y industria cinematográfica, algunos en 1946. E incluso entonces tuvo entrevistar a todas aquellas perso­ directores resueltos fueron capa­ que conseguir primero que Mayer nas imp licadas. ces de realizar ocasionalmente fil ­ lo despidiera por una aventura mes que eran mucho más "suyos" amorosa con Judy Garland. Pero no he hecho nada de esto. que de la Metro. Ni yo ni nadie. Lo que he hecho Éstas son las películas producidas ha sido consultar unos cuantos li ­ Mankiewicz no quería el trabaj o por Mankiewicz: Tres desalma­ bros. Pero, sobre todo, he visto de Mayer. Pero las nociones de dos (Three Godfathers; Richard las películas, además de otros fil ­ Mankiewicz de lo que él pensaba Boleslawski, 1936), con Chester mes rea lizados por los mismos di­ que deberían ser las películas son Morris; Furia (Fwy; Fritz Lang, rectores, y he tratado de sacar casi tan evidentes en las películas 1936), con Sylvia Sidney y Spen­ conclusiones a partir de mis ex­ que produjo para Mayer como en cer Tracy; T he Gorgeous H ussy periencias con estas películas. aquéllas que él mismo escribió y (C iarence Brown, 1936), con dirigió más tarde. Lo que Man­ Joan Crawford y Robert Taylor; En teoría, el trabajo de un pro­ kiewicz amaba eran las palabras, Love on the R un (vV. S. Van ductor de Hollywood en los aílos los actores y el teatro. Él era es­ Dyke, 1936), con Joan Crawford 30 y 40 era hacer de conexión critor, hermano de escritor e hijo y Clark Gable; T he Bride Wore entre el estudio y la producción de un catedráti co de literatura. Red (Dorothy Arzner, 1937), con individual. A veces, el productor Aunque más que un hombre de Joan Crawford y Robert Young; era el que tenía que hacerse cargo letras, fu e un famoso donjuán. Doble boda (Double Wedding; de los "marrones" del estudi o. Ri chard Thorpe, 1937), con Myr­ Otras, era el san Jorge del artista. Joseph L. Mankiewicz entró en el na Loy y William Powell; Manne­ Y, a menudo, trataba de ser am­ mundo del cine porque su herma­ quin (Frank Borzage, 1938), con bas cosas a la vez. En aquell a no Hennan (que póstumamente se Joan Crawford y Speucer Tracy; época, la Metro contaba con va­ haría fa moso por escribir Ciuda­ Tln·ee Cornrades (Frank Borza­ rios productores ejecutivos, todos dano Kane - Citizen Kane, 1941- ge, 1938), con Margare! Sullavan ····(~·-· NOSF ER ATU 38 Woman of the Yenr y Roberl Taylor; E l ángel negro ge Stevens, 1942) , con Katharine cia", la fuerza y la claridad a la hora (TI1e Shopwom Angel; H. C. Poi­ Hepburn y Spencer Tracy; Cairo de expresar emociones. Los críti­ ter, 1938), con Margaret Sullavan (W . S. Van Dyke, 194 2), con cos seiialaban constantemente que, y James S tewart; La hora ra­ Jeanette MacDonald y R obe rt mientras el resto de actores tenían dimtte (The Shining Hour; Frank Young; Reunion in France (Ju­ que "trabajárselo", a Tracy "le sa­ Borzage, 1938), con Joan Craw­ les Dassiu, 1942), con Joan lía sin más, de forma natural". ford, Margaret Sullavan y Robert Crawford y John Wayne; Las lla­ Young; C uento de Navidad (A ves del reino (Tiie Keys of rile Sin embargo, lo que los críticos Christmas Caro/; Edwin L. Marin, Kingdom; John M. Stah l, 1944), no dicen es que Tracy también 1938), con Reginald Owen; The con Greg01y Peck. podía ser un actor tremendamente A d ven tu r es of Hu cldeb en y hi striónico. Tenía un repertorio de Finn (The Adventures of Huckle­ La película ideal de Mankiewicz, ya trucos de actor malo que no du­ berry Finn; R icha rd Thorpe, fuera como director o como pro­ daba en utilizar para robar esce­ 1939), con M ickey Rooney; ductor, era lo que yo denominaré nas a cualquiera que compartiera Strange C argo (Frank Borzage, un " foto-teatro", un tipo de cine su fotograma, como tirarse de la 1940), con Joan C rawford y que se acercaba más a una obra de oreja mientras el otro hablaba. En Clark Gable; H istorias d e Fila­ teatro filmada que a una película, W oman of the Ycar (George delfia (The Philadelphia St01y; más a un documento de actores Stevens, 1942), el truco utilizado George Cukor, 1940), con Katha­ para cuya ach~ac i ón la mímica o el fue la reacción silenciosa de Tra­ rine Hepburn, Cary Grant y Ja­ diálogo es continuo e inevitable, que cy al cotorreo incesante de Katha­ mes Stewart; The Wild Man of a una historia con personajes. ri ne Hepburn y, aunque se supone Borneo (Robert B . S inclair, que el gag es la pasividad de Tra­ 194 1), con Frank Morgan; Hue­ Acuérdense de Spencer Tracy en cy frente a la actividad de Hep­ llas femeninas (Th e Feminine Mannequin.
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