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Zionism: Problems and Views

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Zionism: Problems and Views ^ajor Pook Collection innermost parts^ eve n unto its 'The search for truth In Memory o\ Thomas Adelstein The Gift of Friends and Relatives National Brandeis University Women's Committee i«^ : ZIONISM PROBLEMS AND VIEWS ZIONISM: PROBLEMS AND VIEWS Edited by PAUL GOODMAN & ARTHUR D. LEWIS WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY MAX NORDAU LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN, LTD. ADELPHI TERRACE First published in igi6 (All rights reserved) INTRODUCTION BY Dr. max NORDAU There is nothing vague or hazy about the tenets of Zionism. It is easy to state them clearly and tersely, as follows : The Jews form not merely a religious com- munity but also a nation. There are Jews who sever their national bonds and tend towards the dissolution of the people of Israel in their non-Jewish surroundings. But the large majority of Jews, chiefly in Eastern Europe, desire ardently to preserve their Jewish national identity. Zionism has no meaning for Jews who favour the melting-pot theory. It is the ideal of those who feel themselves to belong to a Jewish nation. These latter are convinced that in order to work out their possibilities of progress in civilization, to develop their character, to realize their heredi- tary notions of morals, justice, and brotherhood, and to escape the blighting influence of hatred and persecution, they must be redeemed from 261771 6 INTRODUCTION \ their Dispersion, be gathered together, and settle in a country of their own, where they may Hve a natural life as tillers of the soil. The only country answering this purpose is Palestine, the historic home of their forefathers, which for nearly two thousand years has never ceased to be the object of their yearning. Zionism does not pretend to lead back to the Holy Land of their ancestors all the Jews of the globe. The return of those who cling with all their heart to the country of their birth and of their citizenship is out of the question. Only those will set out for the East who feel that there and nowhere else has life moral and material satisfaction and happiness in store for them. Zionism has not the ambition of founding an independent Jewish State, be it a kingdom or a republic. All it desires is that its adherents should be allowed to immigrate without any restraint into Palestine, to buy there as much land as they can obtain for their money, to enjoy autonomy of local administration, and not to be hampered in their earnest efforts to create culture and prosperity. It goes without saying that Zionistic Jews pledge themselves to observe the most scrupulous, most generous loyalty towards the Power under whose sovereignty Palestine is placed. This is the case for Zionism, fully and sincerely, though shortly, expounded. The necessity of Zionism, the only practical INTRODUCTION 7 scheme for putting an end to twenty centuries of unutterable sufferings of millions of highly gifted human beings artificially kept down in a low state of development, is superabundantly proved by present events. At this moment, some five hundred thousand Jewish soldiers, rather more than less, part of them under the military law of their country, but others from their own free will, fight in the ranks of the armies of all the nations at war, suffer cruel hardships, shed their blood, sacri- fice their life, inscribe heroic deeds of arms in the annals of glory, and yet see offending doubt cast on their patriotism, feel themselves surrounded by an atmosphere of suspicion and hostility, hear often the contemptuous words " foreigners " and ** cosmopolitans " muttered behind their back or even roughly hurled in their face, not to speak of the atrocities committed against millions of Jewish victims in the war area of Russia. There is only one way of avoiding a recurrence of these horrors, and that is by giving these *' foreigners " and ** " cosmopolitans a home of their own, which is what Zionism is striving for. To those inclined to treat our aspirations as a dream, we can show most promising beginnings of Jewish colonization in Palestine, with tens of thousands of acres of beautiful cornfields, vine- yards, orange, almond, and olive-groves; with neat, clean, thriving villages, and Hebrew schools, where a generation of bright and healthy children receive an excellent educa- 8 INTRODUCTION tion in the sacred langtiage of the Prophets. These colonies, it is true, are at present gravely imperilled by the War. It is our immediate duty to do all in our power in order to pilot them through the gale of the hour. Once peace is re-estabHshed, they will convince the world, and even sceptical Jews, of our capacity as agriculturists, wine-growers, and cattle-breeders. I have confined myself within the limits of prosaic matter-of-fact. I avoid adding even one word about the beauty and loftiness of the Zionist ideal. Whoever wishes for a future for Judaism and believes in it must realize that nothing can ensure it but Zionism. MADRm. EDITORS' PREFACE It may be affirmed that if, by the chances of history, the idea of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine, either by political action or by the growth of Jewish interests, became an accom- plished fact, the heart of every Jew who is concerned for the future of his people would rejoice. It is for the realization of this idea that this volume makes an appeal. The purpose of Zionism is set out in the follow- ing programme adopted at the first Zionist Con- gress held at Basle in 1897: ''Zionism aims to create a publicly recognized, legally secured home for the Jewish people in Palestine." The object is fixed; the means to attain the object and its interpretation may vary, and may (as this volume shows) be conceived differently by different minds. Zionism does not expect any particular Jews, not even its most devoted adherents, to settle in Palestine. It only seeks to create such conditions, economic as well as moral, as will attract the large enough number of Jews who desire to live in a Jewish atmosphere or to better their social prospects. 10 EDITORS' PREFACE Palestine lies in the midst of the hig'hway between East and West. It is still economically one of the few unexploited countries of civiliza- tion. It is the only place on earth where the Jew is autochthonous and feels at home. Zionism is no longer a dream. It is a reality. In the Dispersion it is represented by the world- wide Zionist organization, which contains more declared adherents than all the other Jewish inter- national bodies put together. In Palestine, where Jerusalem is once again Jewish by population, Zionism is represented by nearly fifty Jewish agri- cultural colonies, to which an illustrious member of the house of Rothschild has devoted a fortune com- puted at three million pounds sterling. One of the institutions of Zionism, the Jewish National Fund, having a capital of about a quarter of a million sterling, destined for the purchase of land to be permanently owned by the Jewish people, has supporters in every community of Jews throughout the habitable globe, from whom it has been receiving contributions amounting to about £40,000 annually. The Zionist Bank, the Jewish Colonial Trust, Limited, has about 135,000 share- holders. Connected with it is the Anglo -Palestine Company, Limited, which has branches in Jaffa, Jerusalem, Hebron, Haifa, Beyrout, and Safed, and has proved the most potent influence for self-help among the Jewish agriculturists and artisans of Palestine. In Palestine a new Jewish life has appeared, a a EDITORS' PREFACE 11 new race come into being. In Judaea, Samaria and Galilee, along the shores of the beautiful lake of Chinnereth (Gennesaret), overlooking the Medi- terranean, in the seaports of Jaffa and Haifa, agricultural colonies and urban quarters give indisputable evidence of Jewish capacity for economic and social independence. The heterogeneous elements of the Jewish popu- lation have found a common tongue in the ancient Hebrew language, which in the course of a genera- tion has been able to aspire to be the language of instruction in the Technical College at the foot of Mount Carmel and at the proposed University in the hallowed city of Jerusalem— University which, but for the War, would have been in existence to-day. Zionism has, however, not made its appeal to Jews only. It has come to be recognized by the world at large as one of the liberating movements of modern times that deserves sympathetic con- sideration. It has been widely acknowledged that the Jewish Question is not merely the internal affair of certain countries in which the local Jews are affected, but that, as a disturbing international factor, it urgently calls for solution in the general interests of civilization. Therefore, Zionism has found a welcome among non-Jewish statesmen and publicists. England particularly has been sympa- thetic towards the Zionist idea, and in 1903, when there was no possibility of English assistance in Palestine, so eminently practical an Empire -builder 12 EDITORS' PREFACE as the late Mr. Chamberlain offered to the Zionist organization a part of British East Africa for an autonomous Jewish settlement. This book has not set itself the task of afford- ing* information about Zionist activities. Facts and figures are given in such an excellent publication as " Zionist Work in Palestine," edited by Mr. Israel Cohen (Fisher Unwin). For in these days of European War, when moral and material factors are in the melting-pot, facts and figures are apt to lose their relative values, but principles and aspirations are unchangeable. Thus is Zionism conceived by its exponents. The great War of Liberation, with its untold Jewish tragedy in Eastern Europe, has come with a new call to Jewish blood.
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